A Problem 30 Yearsin the Making<strong>The</strong> problem of childhood obesity did notdevelop overnight. Over the past 30 years, ouryoung people – like many adult Ontarians –have been getting heavier. Between 1978/79and 2004, the prevalence of obesity andoverweight in <strong>Ontario</strong> children increasedabout 70 per cent. While the proportionof children between the ages of two and fivewho are overweight or obese has not changedsignificantly, the proportion of 12- <strong>to</strong>17-year-olds who are overweight increasedfrom 14 per cent <strong>to</strong> 29 per cent and, of those,the proportion who are obese tripled(three per cent <strong>to</strong> nine per cent). 12Experts in the field, parents and familieshave been sounding the alarm for some time.Over the past 10 years, a growing number ofstudies and reports – international, nationaland provincial – have described the problemof unhealthy weights and recommendedaction. Canadian parents said obesity is theleading health issue affecting children andyouth. 13 <strong>The</strong> problem and the consequenceshave been well documented – and we nowknow more about the complex causes ofoverweight andobesity. But, wehave not yet seenthe comprehensive,concerted actionneeded <strong>to</strong> solve theproblem.<strong>The</strong> 2009-2011 Canadian<strong>Health</strong> Measures Survey <strong>to</strong>ldus that our kids <strong>to</strong>day arefatter, rounder, weaker andless flexible than their parentswere a generation ago.Percentage of overweight or obese Canadian children and youth, 1978/79and 2004 1421% 21%15%6%13% ‡ 26%*18%8%14% ‡ 29%*11% ‡3% ‡20%*9%*1978/79 † 2004 1978/79 † 2004 1978/79 20042 <strong>to</strong> 56 <strong>to</strong> 1112 <strong>to</strong> 17Age GroupObeseOverweight†Obesity estimate has a coefficient of variation greater than 33.3 per cent; therefore, it cannot be released and the combinedoverweight/obesity prevalence is shown.* Significantly different from estimate for 1978/79 (p
If <strong>No</strong>thing Changes, Our <strong>Kids</strong>Face a Bleak FutureIf nothing changes – if we are not able <strong>to</strong>reverse the current weight trajec<strong>to</strong>ry – wewill continue <strong>to</strong> see increases in unhealthyweights and in all the related healthconditions.By 2040, up <strong>to</strong> 70 per cent of <strong>to</strong>day’schildren will be overweight or obeseadults and almost half our children willbe an unhealthy weight. 15 A much largerproportion of children will cross the linefrom being overweight <strong>to</strong> being obese, andthe impact on their physical and mentalhealth and well-being will be severe.<strong>The</strong> most devastating part of this trendis that obesity will mark our DNA,changing our metabolism and geneticallyreprogramming future generations ofchildren <strong>to</strong> be at greater risk of beingoverweight. 16,17Why We Must Act <strong>No</strong>w<strong>No</strong> one wants their son, daughter, niece ornephew – or any child –<strong>to</strong> reach middle age inpoor health and withchronic diseases. Is itpossible <strong>to</strong> change thecurrent weight trajec<strong>to</strong>ry?Yes.<strong>Ontario</strong> is committed<strong>to</strong> being the best placein <strong>No</strong>rth America <strong>to</strong>grow up and grow old.<strong>The</strong> human andeconomic consequencesof continuing <strong>to</strong> allowunhealthy weights <strong>to</strong>threaten our children’shealth are so dire thatthe status quo is simplynot an option.In January 2012, the <strong>Ontario</strong> Governmentset an extremely ambitious target:<strong>to</strong> reduce childhood obesity by20 per cent over five years.<strong>The</strong> Minister of <strong>Health</strong> and Long-Term Careestablished the <strong>Health</strong>y <strong>Kids</strong> Panel <strong>to</strong>recommend a strategy <strong>to</strong> meet that target.<strong>The</strong> <strong>Health</strong>y <strong>Kids</strong> Panel is a broad, multisec<strong>to</strong>ralgroup that brings <strong>to</strong>gether – forthe first time in <strong>Ontario</strong> – a wide range ofperspectives on the problem of childhoodweights, including health care providers,educa<strong>to</strong>rs, non-governmental organizations,the food industry, the media and researchers(see Appendix 1 for a list of members and theterms of reference).915 Le Petit C, Berthelot JM. (2012). Obesity: A Growing Issue. Statistics Canada catalogue no. 82-618-MWE2005003.16 Rel<strong>to</strong>n CL, Groom A, St. Pourcain B, Sayers AE, Swan DC, et al. (2012). DNA Methylation Patterns in Cord Blood DNA and Body Size in Childhood.PLoS ONE 7(3): e31821. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031821.17 Hochberg Z, Feil R, Constancia M, Fraga M, Junien C, Carel JC, Boileau P, Le Bouc Y, Deal CL, Lillycrop K, Scharfmann R, Sheppard A, Skinner M,Szyf M, Waterland RA, Waxman DJ, Whitelaw E, Ong K, Albertsson-Wikland K. (2011). Child health, developmental plasticity, and epigeneticprogramming. Endocr Rev. 2011 Apr;32(2):159-224. doi: 10.1210/er.2009-0039. Epub 22 Oct. 2010.