Zeta Potential Mixer Coagulation * Flocculation - Dryden Aqua Ltd

Zeta Potential Mixer
Coagulation * Flocculation
� ZPM drops the zeta potential and increases the redox potential
� Will coagulation proteins and flocculate particles
� Turbidity levels will drop and water clarity will improve
� ZPM acts as an injection point for NoPhos, oxygen, ozone or carbon
dioxide
� ZPM will cavitates the water and provide a degree of disinfection log 2
� ZPM should be used for extra protection against protozoa
� Resonator shakes the water at a molecular level and amplifies performance
ZPM Zeta Potential Mixer is manufactured by Dryden Aqua from 100%,
316 grade stainless steel which is epoxy coated for marine applications. The ZPM
needs to be manufactured in metal for strength and electrical properties. The ZPM
amplifies coagulation and flocculation reactions to make the suspended solids
larger and easier for the AFM filters to remove the particles. A ZPM unit should
always be used prior to filters and as an injection point for NoPhos or gas such as
ozone, oxygen or carbon dioxide. The Dryden Aqua ZPM unit makes the process
much more efficient, especially when combined with AFM (Active Filter Media).
ZPM units can also be used in recycle loops to improve water quality by dropping
the Zeta potential and increasing the redox potential. This is all achieved without
the use of any chemicals. Similar reactions occur with dump tanks, or with high
water recycle rates. The Dryden Aqua ZPM simply amplifies the reactions and makes it easier to achieve. By way of
example, milk is a colloidal suspension of oil drops, simply by shaking milk, the electrical charge on the oil droplets
shifts and the oils coagulate to form butter. We are now doing the same to water, by aggressively shaking water
with the ZPM unit and ultrasonic resonator we are able to coagulate dissolved organics and flocculate solids.
Dryden Aqua Ltd
Butlerfield | Bonnyrigg | Edinburgh EH19 3JQ
Tel +44(0) 18758 22222 Fax +44 (0) 18758 22229 www.DrydenAqua.com
Product
code
Flange
size
Flowrate
0.3 bar
Cubm/hr
Flowrate
0.5 bar
Cubm/hr
9.14.218 2” BSPm 2” 15 20 30
9.14.219 DN65 2½” 20 30 45
9.14.220 DN80 3” 36 50 75
9.14.221 DN100 4” 60 80 120
9.14.222 DN150 6” 90 120 180
9.14.223 DN200 8” 120 160 240
9.14.224 DN250 10” 150 200 300
9.14.225 DN300 12” 180 240 360
Flowrate
1.0bar
Cubm/hr

Resonator for ZPM
The resonator fits into the female threaded socket in the Dryden Aqua ZPM
The resonator is a high frequency very powerful transducer that shakes the
water at a molecular level. The frequency and power of the resonator
generates nano-bubbles by extreme cavitation, the bubbles are further subdivided
by the cavitation action of the ZPM.
Nano bubble have a high degree of stability and are attracted to the surface of
particles such as viruses, bacteria, fungal spores and protozoa or the surface of
organic molecules. On touching a solid surface the nano-bubbles collapse to
release energy directly onto the cell membranes. This has the effect of
disinfecting the water without the use of chemicals. When a nano-bubble
collapses on an organic molecule, the energy released will oxidise the molecule.
Any nano-bubbles that do not collapse will auto destruct after a few seconds.
ACO (active catalytic oxidation) product is injected into the ZPM unit, the nano
particles of titanium dioxide react with the nano-bubbles from the resonator.
The ACO acts as a catalysts powered up by the resonator to dissociate water
molecules into super oxides and hydroxyl radicals. These free radicals are also
very short lived, but they will oxidise dissolved organics and help to disinfect the
water. ACO is now being used to replace kaolin in marine hatcheries for the
cultivation of cod and halibut to provide a degree of disinfection during the early
rearing stages
ACO also helps to shift the zeta potential of the water to a high negative state
which drops the surface tension and makes to make it extremely difficult for
bacteria to survive. The system has changed the way water molecules relate to
each other, also referred to as the hydrogen bonding. The water remains in this
state for many hours and sometime days and will continue to self disinfect.
NoPhos acts both as a flocculent and phosphate precipitating agent.
NoPhos, it is a very effective flocculent and as such it will bring micron and submicron
particles in suspension together to make them much larger, thereby
allowing the pressure AFM filters to remove very fine solids. NoPhos should always
be used with AFM® filter media in the sand filters because it works synergistically
with NoPhos. In effect the NoPhos places a positive charge on the particles and
AFM® removes the small particles by electrical attraction. In addition, if too much
NoPhos is used, the AFM® will adsorb the excess NoPhos.
NoPhos reacts with soluble reactive phosphate to form and insoluble precipitate, the
reaction is stoichiometric (see equation below). By carefully controlling the
phosphate level you can control the growth of plants and algae. If an aquarium has
a high turbidity caused by algae, then NoPhos can be used to reduce the phosphate
food source and gradually over a period of a few weeks reduce the algae levels.
Phosphate is also required by bacteria, so if a large dose of NoPhos is used then
bacteria will be prevented from growing. In an aquarium system this is not desired
because the biological filter would fail and the corals would suffer.
Dryden Aqua Ltd
Butlerfield | Bonnyrigg | Edinburgh EH19 3JQ
Tel +44(0) 18758 22222 Fax +44 (0) 18758 22229 www.DrydenAqua.com
NoPhos + PO4 -3 = NoPhos PO4 (s)
eelectron
O- OH-
dissolved organic matter
& bacteria etc
1kg of NoPhos will remove approximately 100g of Phosphate as PO4 - P or 300g of phosphate as PO4
Light or ZPMr
sunlight, out-doors
through windows or even
florescent lights & Uvc irradiation systems
ACO ACO ACO ACO
light wavelength increased energy released in the form of an electron
h+
catalytic photo reduction of water & oxygen electron hole
on the surface of ACO forms hydroxyl radicals
and super oxides for oxidation
oxidation
Co2 H20 N2