Spin Valve Systems for Angle Sensor Applications - tuprints

More documents

Recommendations

Info

II 4.1.2 Measurement Setup .................................................................................46 4.1.3 Analysis of the MR Rotation Curve ........................................................47 4.2 Structural Characterization ................................................................................48 4.2.1 X-Ray Diffraction....................................................................................48 4.2.2 X-Ray Reflectometry...............................................................................50 4.2.3 Auger Electron Spectroscopy ..................................................................51 4.3 Magnetic Characterization .................................................................................52 4.3.1 Alternating Gradient Magnetometer........................................................52 4.3.2 Magnetic Optical Kerr Effect ..................................................................53 5 Stoner-Wohlfarth Model: Spin Valve Systems 55 5.1 Applied Field Influence on Ferromagnetic Thin Film.......................................55 5.2 Model Description: Simple Spin Valve .............................................................55 5.3 Model for Spin Valve with SAF ........................................................................57 6 Results and Discussion 59 6.1 Cosine Dependence: Deviation Factors .............................................................61 6.1.1 AMR Effect .............................................................................................61 6.1.2 Interlayer Coupling..................................................................................65 6.1.3 Rotation of the Pinned Layer Magnetization..........................................70 6.1.4 Overview of the Cosine Deviation Factors..............................................73 6.1.5 Simulation of MR Rotation Curves.........................................................74 6.1.6 Cosine Deviation Factors: Implications for a 360° Angle Sensor...........80 6.1.7 Summary: Cosine Deviation Factors.......................................................82 6.2 Selection of Spin Valve System.........................................................................83 6.2.1 NiO Spin Valve System...........................................................................83 6.2.2 FeMn Spin Valve System .......................................................................86 6.2.3 IrMn Spin Valve System .........................................................................89 6.2.4 PtMn Spin Valve System.........................................................................91 6.2.5 PtMn Spin Valve System with SAF ........................................................94 6.2.6 Comparison Between the Different Spin Valve Systems......................101 6.2.7 Summary: Selection of Spin Valve System...........................................103 6.3 Multiple Deposition: Lift-off Method..............................................................104 6.3.1 Description of the Method.....................................................................104 6.3.2 Test of the Lift-off Method....................................................................104 6.3.3 Summary: Lift-off Method ...................................................................105 6.4 Ion Irradiation Method.....................................................................................106 6.4.1 Ion Irradiation of FeMn and IrMn Spin Valves.....................................106 6.4.2 Ion Irradiation of a Patterned Spin Valve Sample.................................108 6.4.3 Summary: Ion Irradiation Method........................................................110 6.5 Laser-writing Method ......................................................................................111 6.5.1 Laser Writing of FeMn and IrMn Simple Spin Valves .........................111 6.5.2 Reorientation Point: Gradual Change in Bias Direction .......................117 6.5.3 Complete Loss of GMR Effect and Exchange Bias .............................119 6.5.4 Source of the GMR Effect Reduction....................................................123 6.5.5 Domain State Model: Stability of the Exchange Bias Effect ................129 6.5.6 Laser Writing Experiments: PtMn Spin Valve with SAF .....................131 6.5.7 Antiferromagnetic Interlayer Coupling and the Reorientation Process.135 6.5.8 Induced Uniaxial Anisotropy of PtMn and the Reorientation Process..137 6.5.9 Induced Uniaxial Anisotropy: FeMn and IrMn Antiferromagnets........139 6.5.10Summary: Laser-Writing Method.........................................................141 7 Demonstrator of a 360° GMR Angle Sensor 143
7.1 Design and Fabrication ....................................................................................144 7.2 Demonstrator in Operation...............................................................................145 8 Summary of Conclusions 147 8.1 Summary ..........................................................................................................147 8.2 Future Work .....................................................................................................149 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 151 9.1 Zusammenfassung............................................................................................151 9.2 Zukünftige Fragestellungen und Ausblick.......................................................153 10 Appendices 155 11 Citations 159 III
Page 1: Spin Valve Systems for Angle Sensor
Page 7 and 8: 1Introduction Research on the Giant
Page 9: The most challenging of the researc
Page 12 and 13: 6 2 Theory The resistance of a ferr
Page 14 and 15: 8 MR (%) 20 15 10 5 0 -80 -60 -40 -
Page 16 and 17: 10 2 Theory Coupling Energy (a.u.)
Page 18 and 19: 12 2 Theory In the left part of the
Page 20 and 21: 14 2 Theory The AFM layer can eithe
Page 22 and 23: 16 2 Theory determined at half the
Page 24 and 25: 18 2 Theory a) b) uniaxial K f K eb
Page 26 and 27: 20 2 Theory a) M b) b) c) fdf Bias
Page 28 and 29: 22 2 Theory CoFe alloys are often u
Page 30 and 31: 24 2 Theory The three earliest exch
Page 32 and 33: 26 2 Theory origin of exchange bias
Page 34 and 35: 28 2 Theory when the magnetization
Page 36 and 37: 30 2 Theory MR (%) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Page 38 and 39: 32 2 Theory 0 360 0 360 R1 R2 Vb Vo
Page 40 and 41: 34 2 Theory 2.8.3 Advantages of a G
Page 42 and 43: 36 3 Experimental Methods gas intak
Page 44 and 45: 3.1 Sputter Deposition 39 a) Figure
Page 46 and 47: 3.2 Excimer-Laser 3.2.1 Theory and
Page 48 and 49: 42 3 Experimental Methods refill th
Page 50 and 51: 44 3 Experimental Methods Figure 3.
Page 52 and 53: 46 4 Characterization Methods 1 2 3
Page 54 and 55:
48 4 Characterization Methods The c
Page 56 and 57:
50 4 Characterization Methods The m
Page 58 and 59:
52 4 Characterization Methods Quali
Page 60 and 61:
54 4 Characterization Methods mater
Page 62 and 63:
56 5 Stoner-Wohlfarth Model: Spin V
Page 64 and 65:
58 5 Stoner-Wohlfarth Model: Spin V
Page 66 and 67:
60 6 Results and Discussion behavio
Page 68 and 69:
62 6 Results and Discussion Bias di
Page 70 and 71:
64 6 Results and Discussion pinned
Page 72 and 73:
66 6 Results and Discussion H M f
Page 74 and 75:
68 6 Results and Discussion Cosine
Page 76 and 77:
70 6 Results and Discussion reduced
Page 78 and 79:
72 6 Results and Discussion MR (%)
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
76 6 Results and Discussion 6.1.5.2
Page 84 and 85:
78 6 Results and Discussion curves.
Page 86 and 87:
80 6 Results and Discussion θ eb -
Page 88 and 89:
82 6 Results and Discussion 6.1.7 S
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
86 6 Results and Discussion as the
Page 94 and 95:
88 6 Results and Discussion Intensi
Page 96 and 97:
90 6 Results and Discussion layers
Page 98 and 99:
92 6 Results and Discussion higher
Page 100 and 101:
94 6 Results and Discussion 6.2.5 P
Page 102 and 103:
Page 104 and 105:
98 6 Results and Discussion begins
Page 106 and 107:
Page 108 and 109:
102 6 Results and Discussion normal
Page 110 and 111:
104 6 Results and Discussion 6.3 Mu
Page 112 and 113:
106 6 Results and Discussion 6.4 Io
Page 114 and 115:
108 6 Results and Discussion 6.4.2
Page 116 and 117:
110 6 Results and Discussion valve
Page 118 and 119:
112 6 Results and Discussion down.
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
116 6 Results and Discussion 15% la
Page 124 and 125:
118 6 Results and Discussion the sp
Page 126 and 127:
120 6 Results and Discussion ferrom
Page 128 and 129:
122 6 Results and Discussion Concen
Page 130 and 131:
124 6 Results and Discussion Interm
Page 132 and 133:
126 6 Results and Discussion Resist
Page 134 and 135:
128 6 Results and Discussion Intens
Page 136 and 137:
130 6 Results and Discussion The va
Page 138 and 139:
132 6 Results and Discussion H ex (
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
136 6 Results and Discussion The de
Page 144 and 145:
138 6 Results and Discussion magnet
Page 146 and 147:
140 6 Results and Discussion antife
Page 149 and 150:
7Demonstrator of a 360° GMR Angle
Page 151:
7.2 Demonstrator in Operation 145 a
Page 154 and 155:
148 8 Summary of Conclusions 4. Det
Page 156 and 157:
150 8 Summary of Conclusions The sa
Page 158 and 159:
152 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Page 160 and 161:
154 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick
Page 162 and 163:
156 10 Appendices Table 10.3: Magne
Page 164 and 165:
158 10 Appendices pinned layer (p.
Page 166 and 167:
160 11 Citations and D. Hilton. Lon
Page 168 and 169:
162 11 Citations [Haa99] G. Haas, M
Page 170 and 171:
164 11 Citations 3874-3879 (1988).
Page 172 and 173:
166 11 Citations sputtered permallo
Page 175:
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express m
Page 178 and 179:
List of Publications 1. A. Johnson,
show all

Spin Valve Systems for Angle Sensor Applications - tuprints

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?