Blackberry Species in Missouri

Considerations for the Control ofBlackberry Species in MissouriDr. Kevin BradleyAssociate ProfessorState Weed Scientist

Blackberry Species in MissouriUpright, Cane-type (Blackberries)– Rubus allegheniensis, Common Blackberry– Rubus argutus, Smooth Blackberry– Rubus occidentalis, Black Raspberry– Rubus pensilvanicus, Penn. Blackberry– Rubus armeniacus, Himalaya BlackberryProstrate, Creeping-type (Dewberries)– Rubus flagellaris, Dewberry– Rubus trivialis, Southern Dewberry

Himalaya Blackberry(Rubus armeniacus Focke)• Native to westernEurope, probablyintroduced as acultivated variety• Forms distinctly angledcanes that may reach asmuch as 10 ft in height• Leaves usually 5-foliateand without hairs• White flowers, usuallyblooming a bit later thannative blackberries

Pasture w/ Himalayan Blackberry in late February

Pasture w/ Himalayan Blackberry in late April

Influence of Herbicides and Application Timingson Himalaya Blackberry ControlApplication TimingTreatments Rate Mid-flowr Post-frtProduct/A ---------------- % Control 1 YAT ---------------PastureGard 4 pts 77 42Surmount 4 pts 46 39Remedy Ultra 2 pts 67 36Garlon EV 6 pts 56 512,4-D Ester + 1 qt 71 33Remedy Ultra 1 ptGrazon P+D + 2 pts 47 41Remedy Ultra 1 ptCimarron 0.5 oz 58 85Cimarrron Max Rate II 47 39LSD (0.05) Treatments:LSD (0.05) Timings:137*Mid-flower apps made 2 May, Post fruit-drop applications made 17 Aug© Kevin Bradley, University of Missouri

Northern Dewberry(Rubus flagellaris Willd.)• A creeping perennialwith trailing vines• Usually grows lessthan 60-cm in height• Blooms in earlysummer• Commonly found inmany hay fields andpastures in Missouri

Investigations Into the Control ofDewberry in Missouri

Influence of Herbicides & Application Timings onDewberry Control 1 Year After Treatment (Salem, MO 2009)ApplicationTimingDewberry ControlAcross All HerbicideTreatments--- # Stems/Plot 1 YAT ---Full Bloom 76Fall 27© Kevin Bradley, University of Missouri

TreatmentRate---product/A---Dewberry ControlFull BloomApplicationFall Application(October)--# Stems/Plot 1 Year After Trtmt--Pasturegard 4 pts 73 24Surmount 4 pts 49 32Remedy Ultra 2 pts 63 26Grazon P+DRemedy Ultra2 pts1 pt61 42Cimarron 0.4 oz 89 16Cimarron Max Rate 1 83 20Cimarron Max Rate 2 85 13Chaparral 2 ozs 90 24Chaparral2,4-D Ester2 ozs1 qt64 22Chaparral 3 ozs 79 19Forefront R&P 2 2/3 pts 82 61Remedy Ultra2,4-D Ester1 pt1 qt84 37DPX-MAT28 1 oz 90 14Untreated ---- 96 81LSD(0.05) within timings (Columns): 24LSD(0.05) across timings (Rows): 27

Influence of Herbicides & Application Timings onDewberry Control 1 Year After Treatment (Salem, MO 2009)Untreated 0.4 ozs Cimarron/Acre 0.4 ozs Cimarron/AcreFull Bloom Application Timing Fall Application Timing96 Stems/Plot 89 Stems/Plot 16 Stems/Plot

Influence of Herbicides & Application Timings onDewberry Control 1 Year After Treatment (Salem, MO 2009)Untreated 3 ozs Chapparal/Acre 3 ozs Chapparal/AcreFull Bloom Application Timing Fall Application Timing96 Stems/Plot 79 Stems/Plot 19 Stems/Plot

Influence of Herbicides & Application Timings onDewberry Control 1 Year After Treatment (Salem, MO 2009)Untreated 4 pts Pasturegard/Acre 4 pts Pasturegard/AcreFull Bloom Application Timing Fall Application Timing96 Stems/Plot 73 Stems/Plot 24 Stems/Plot