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NTI LTtrB ITALIAiT MOITTIILY BEYIEWThe Twrm'img Tide af Lyrvrmi,,gratiamAUGUST.SEPTEMBERt!t3rLeanardo dm Yiim,cifmnd Fniis CawtennpororilesFmther Sormwe[ C. Nzfiotgwche[LtThe Mm[imm Physfciioms r,nIVeqru Yorile CueyAmgeflo Pmtrf,Osfiio, Amciemt, mvdl NfioderyuFrom Bweyuos Adres [o Neou Yorkby Amtonnabutes5 OnNTs

-lBOOKSERVICEDEPARTMENTATLANTICA offers the Italianbooks listed below at a great savingon current prices. An additionaldiscount of 15/o is allowedto every paid subscriber. Noextra chargc for postage.ATLANTICA will also obtainfor its readers arny book publishedin this country at the publisher'sprice, less. a discount ofl0/o (with the exception of textbooks)to all subscribers .ll'hohave paid for one year in advance.No charge for postage.Recent FictionCAPRIN^_*Qurnrwa c FrorraNa . ......$1.20CARLIor-__-L'TrarreroMussorrtr .... f.2OGUGLIELI{INETTITrpt-Brzzlnrr . ... .. 1.20PIETRAVALLE_- ,S:orrr pr Palse ... 1.20PROSPERITrvprsrl rNToR\o a Lroe .. 1.20WERFELVtror (rr RoMANzo nnrr ,olrna)2 voLS. . ... ?.S0Criticism and EssaysPALMIERIGrosun Cennucttr .......... 1.20MARTTNIFne ut srcaxo B a'n11p6-a15-TAMPA . .... t-60ANTONINIIl uarno coNTrrt?oRA\Eo rNFRANCTA . . . .....1.00ANTONINIIr Trlrnc coNTEMpoRANrolrarra . .. . 7.20J. DE BLASIL'Ireue n clr IralrANr prrcolo XIX. . $2.00voul.1LM rssMiscellaneousPAPINIGoc (rse LATEST BooK orParrNi) . . .1.5 0DDLLA ROCCASlcroonrur ra r BmK oF FTrouDrrE)2.00MO'ITINIVlaccto eue rspu o'ono (eCHTLDs HTSToRY os ARr) .... l,2UCAPPELLETTISronre o'Iterre (uncn vorurrnATTRAcrrvELy BoUND rN clorH) 5-00Dictionaries:FANI'ANI E. RIGUTINIVoceroranto ........ 7.50ROBERTSDlzroxenro IrarraNGrl.clesr erudrcso-Ireuexel voruuB 3.00GRAY Ewcrrsu Irarraw ato IrarrauEncuss Drcrlowery-locrntsrzE.... .... 1.00X{AP OF ITAI,Y(De Acosrrxr) ..... 1.00Send orders witk clleck or wney older toBOOK SERVICEATLANTICA33 W. 70th Street, Nerv York CityTERNAL ROME-Naples,with Pompeii silent in thesun and Vesuvius trailinga lazy plume across thatturquoise sky-f1or"n."of the Renaissance-Venice,the ltalian Riviera-Milan and the Scaia. Howcan one afford to crossthe Atlantic without visiting ltaly?And because it has so much to offer,Italy has opened a new tourist informationoffice in New York City to serve you in cooperationwith the tourist agencies and steamshipcompanies. Literature i5 ssnf-reLlfsgand hotels suggested. flTo assure the utmostenjoyment from your trip, take advantage ofthe facilities offered by the off icial travel representativesof the Royal ltalian Covernment.Meantime, let us send you interesting literatureon present day travel in ltaly.ITALIAN TOURIST INFORMATION OFFICE745 Fifft Avenue Squibb Building New York City,lIIIirIATLANTIC-A, VoL XII, No. -2-August-September, 7931. published Monthll- btt F. Cassola. Entered as Seco;rd,C.,c-.-rthe Post Offcc at East Stroudsburg, Pa., uncler thc'Act of Woirti-:,"lliiq. C'ifiyiil:nt'lO:t.

tWHAT OTHtrRS THII\K OFOOATLAI\TTCA". "We are glad to state that your magazine has quite a circle of readers who faithfully ask for itfrom month to month."General Library,-The University of Chicago.. ,"I take -thisopportunity to write you-my endorsementrs to put of approval beforeof Atlantica, the purpose the AmeriCan people.,of whichand especiaily.trrement of risins--gi".iutio"the Italian of you.rgneople ii"rii".l the advance-in -America, and'especialit;iof thist-h&fi;;irtuycountry. tirii "i.6"rrii,'t"-'piJr"Jteis'to the wetfare""""iii..tiir.-Jui.yrr.*.ir"perbvarticles]ofthe few,the crimesand which.arethat are being committedb.eing featured;-lfie;;-;;;;;;pJ."'."i"ti,lrtfriends in waterburv heartilythat recommendthey-promot. to my rtalianthir'gooditscaus^e'by-r.rrr"ririrrgendeavor to for and supportingcarr:y outAtlanticathis"idlea.in-Judge John F. McGrath, \Materbury, Conn."We find that there has been a large deman,l on the part of our readers for Atlantica.,,of New York University-Library"We have found Atlantica quite popular in our reading room.,,York Pubiic Library-New"I find that Atlantica is in considerable use in our general periodical reading room.,,-Universityof Minnesota Library"r think that vou are just -printing the sortItalians ,of articles thatwhoare of interestare iirtetesteatothe growing group of""itrir", "J6 all means keephaveup suchdone in thearticlesdevelopment.ofas will show what rtalians*"-G-"ti**" i6u.rtry. and to my friendsr *uif y"., tiving in "?-it have this opened neighbJih""a tv the doors to methe ;;;r;;il"il.,,-Congressman Peter A. Cavicchia, Newark, N. J."I am highly pleased with your publication. It is informative and entertaining.,,-*itX;"Sl??anno' state Representative'"we have found your periodicar of interest and varue to our readers.,,-Universityof Cincinnati Library"Our students find Atlantica of great interest.',of Western-UniversityOntarid, London, Canada.Atlantica is an interesting-undertaking. A-.periodical rn,hich attempts to interpret Italv and Italiansto America. and America and-Americarrs to Italiin., "t "rla'pLJ;;;;Jr;;f"t .;-;;#---t:3:i.lfr Jlt"fi trElTi,n li,: lil: F o r ei gn _B o r n"ATLANTICA": ALTO ESPONENTE di ITALIANITA' au'ESTEROCon entusiasmo ea agmlTzion-e- sinceri, segnaliamo ai nostri lettorid'rtaliauna rivista che portaall'Estero: ATLANTTCA.. alto il nomeNon v'ha osii p.'i;Ji;'iiir'j"",'!'drr.*r,i"ri"'i.i"h:;ilcosi luminosamente e fatti e uomini italianichea"-g;i^a"rriti."ri.""-"'dlli'ustrirrconoscimento di tutti i connazicnaliall'Estero. dei cittadini stranieristi ultimi 4i .rtgit". tt"lF;;;;Heiei'.,emici che siaeu'rtiria-specLlmentedivertono que-ad ammassare te cat-u"ni; piiTutti i;ir*i.-Sproblemir*' ffi;;'d";;*;T'L"i5"I"gried awenimentirtatiani.meritevoli di ei-ser riessi in -;uidu;;, liano,perchetrovano ininteressanoessa trattazione ogni vero ita-co*-urrto iaeguati.---"ATLANTTCA E scritta molto o-pportunamente- ed-efficacemente in inglese: sono i figli degl,rtaliani chedimenticano. o che ignorago il grande"o"iiil"ioauiili.ri. 'ii'pll'#sso mondiale, non solo ,nei secoliscorsi, ma vigorosamente di pii nel presente.Riteniamo "ATLANTrcA", non solo degna di esser -paragonata a qualsiasi rivista di coltura americanadi prim'ordine. sia ner la. formi-che per so"stanza,". a?,gto-iili..lli-"."". chiamata, fra le riviste italianein lingue straniere, ia Rivista Italiana'p", u"."ii""r".From " RASSEGN A COIIMERCIALE'published by the ltalian Chamber of Commerceof San Francisco, CaI., Moy, 1931L

LATLANTICA'SOBSERVATORYA RLCENT rrc\\s tlisuatt'h ,,iA th. Unile,l Prcss. i,-r'SLeurr:Brown ot' the l{ome office of thatnews agencv, declalerl that, accoldingto a recent cr"ime report, murde:,blackmail anrl :rll major crimes areon the decline in ltaly. With thenumber of lirst-class crimes in 1930about 501 lcss tlran ir pre-rr a r'days, the "C.orriere del1a Sera" ofI{ilan cornmerrted editorially that"the Italian people are in a perio(1of moral restoration." While thetotal number of crimes, accordingto the Central Statistical Offiec, hasincreased, u,hen one takes into considerationthe population increases.the average number of major crimesper 100,000 persons shorvs a markeddecline. Before the war the percentageof major crimes per 100,-000 was 12.58, a figure which wasreduced last year to 5.98.To quote f rom the neu,s clispatch:"From a geographical angle.the report discloses some interestingconclusions. While southern Italiansare often accused of being$rarmer bloocled than their northernbrothers, the study reveals thatwhile the number of crimes is distinctlyless in southern Ita11', includingNaples, northern and centralItaly provide slight increases."stricter Fascist penal codes anclspeeclier justice are claimed respollsiblefor decreasing crime in Italy."J-T] OR lears the Italians arrd othe r'tt racial gloups in the L'niterlStates have chafed under the frequentchargc that they are resporrsiblefol a large proportion of crinre:;committed in this cotintry In vair-rhave facts and statistics been marshaledto disprove this theory; theprejudiced viervpoint remains. Itis passing strange that r,vhen someoner'vith an American name colnmitsa major crime, attention isfastened upon the crime : but rvherrsomeone rvith a f oreign name(though he may be, and ver1, ofterris, an American citizen) does thesame, the outstanding point of interestto some is the fact that another"foreigner" has committed acrimc. This, in large part. probabllleacls to the conviction, otherr.r'iserurriourrderl. that ther are resporsiblefor more crimes than their nunrerciaiexpectation.No less authoritative a bcdy thanthe Wickersham Con-rmission, in itstenth report suhmitted to the \\-hiteHouse earlv in August, has knockecltl-re props from uncler this reasoning.In flaying the American sl-stemof cleportation, u,hich " proiongsand deepens the immigrant'sinsecurity and delays 1-ris mentaland moral stabilization in the countq.which he is seel

illllq ill>TIC> r.eccrrrlv nrarlc. ) ... - I" _r rhc llirrisrr). of pur,_:',.:s :ri Italr- slrorr- il-,at i.o-..' :*lj 1u rl11L." sorrre rhirre..liliet:rt lat,oLrr,Sl.1.iU.0U0,_,.'. .:. .expenclecl ior public... :_1.,-rnghout the King-dom. Of: :::---,r.,i1rr aLoLlr $358,01)0.000 has: i:- ;::r;rropriated rluring the cur-: . , aai'. -\ retrenchment policr-,: .,,::. has bcen put into elTect in. -.') r'neet the exigcncies of ther :. :Itc clepression._+_-J'.ll(Ot e H ilre coopcrarion oiI llralrh L'onrmissioncr Shirlev' r,\-r nle and I1 progresso a se-_: :: ; rrft-t--trvo health broaclcasts is-, :-i qit'ei-r in Italian over Station,-Ir-t b1- Attilio Caccini of the, :r !r:ifteflt of Health. Dr. Cac_:,:. ,,','ho has been rvith the Depart_:. ' 'i Heaith 27 1.rars, ,, as horl\_.:|c and tr-as graduatcrl iromK,'r'al t'niversiir., Rorne. For\.ears he had irirporrarrt puhlic. r ard rnedical posts' irr'Iralr.:; he \-as arr-arde, I several:.-.s. He also \\ras a member ofi:rrcrnational Heaith lloartl in- ::;t1. in 1913 and servecl-..as a-' ': in the Medical Corps, Lr. S.,]. He joincrl rhe D(partrncnr-Jcalth in l90zl.rLirnis.ioner \\-1 nnc ,ieci,lerl:: rhe broadcastilrg of health._ .;s itr Italian as a fu"rther means- :taching- _the ltalian ,p"nt -:i'*.unts of thc citl and surroun,l-_:.- .clntor)'. He imrnediatelv-.nas.d rhe-co-operation Slrt;"rr "iATLANTiCA'S OBSER\,'ATORY\VCDA's facilities ancl Dr. Cacciniu.as assigned to malre the transla_tions ancl to clo the broadcasrir-rg.This rrt.rv lrealtlr serr iec cx"pan_sion is designed to reach tl.re italianspeal

-lBootrcs In Rec/iewllitlIIIirTHE 25 F1NES7' SHORT SrOR1E.S.Edited by Ed,uard l. O'Brien.513pages. I'le-,a York: Rich,ard, R. Smittr.$2.50.|}OR 1'ears Mr. O'Brien has beerrI' editing annuall; an anthologl.of the best short stories to have appearedin America, and a similirvolume f or Great .Britain. Hisreputation as a connoisseur of theshort story is rvell established.Now, for the first time, he hasmade his selection of ivhat he regardsas the rvorld's finest shortstories i,vithout regard to time orplace. "I have included no storieswhich I regard as ephemeral in thiscollection," Mr. O'Brien says, "butI have endeavored to refiect themost powerf ul currents in literature."A11 the acknowledged mastersof the short storl' are includecl inits pages : Poe, Ilan-thorrre, N{elville.Bret Harte. O. Henry. de\'Iaupassant, Chekhov, Merimee,Coppard, Katherine X{ansfield,Kipling and others. There are alsrrrepresented some r,r'ho are plimarilyknown as novelists: MarkTrvain, Thomas Hardy, Sir \ValterScott, Flaubert, Balzac, Conrad,etc. And the list is brought downto the Bresent day by the inclusionof Hemingway, Dreiser, SherwoodAnderson-and Manuel Komroff.Many of these are short storiesthat are not u'ell ltnor,vn but decidedlyworth reading. And thebiographical and critical notes onthe various authors b;' Mr. O'Brienlend added value and interest 1o thebook.ANNA KARENINA. By Cou,nt LeoTolslo1,. 10a0 pages. unh'ersal Li.brary. Nezu Yorft; Qy65sst & Dtm.laf ,$r.theme, but it has been breathedupon bv the fire of Tolstol',s titanicgenirrsWeil-known by now is the storl..of hg\u -rhe heroine. a 1'or.tng uni[.'earrriful Russian nobl.*.5-"n.tna.rried tn a nran much older tlrarrherself, rneets the dashing ),orlngCount Vronsi

ATT,ANTITAThe Italian Monthly ReviewFounded in 1923CONTENTS FOR AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, l93t*Trrn TunNrxc TroB or llrvrcnarroN . . . . . Dominick Lamonica 55LsoNenlo De vrr,lcr.s.No Hrs coNrEMponaRrES ........Alfonso Arbib-costa s7Ferrrnn Sanrunr, C. MazzucrrEr,r,r . . . . Giovanni Schiavo 60CeNcsn .A. p. Vastola 62Fnona Bunxos Arnns 'ro Nnw Yonr sv AuronroBrr-n Lorenzo Scuderi . 64AlccBr,oParnr. ..... Guiseppeprezzolini 67Trrs IrEr,raN PHysrcrA.xs rx Nnw YoRr< Crry' 68Osrra, Axcrnlcr axo MonnnN . Arnaldo Cervesato 70SrlncrroNs Fnou run lrarr.q.u PnnssTrrn FouNr.c.riv or MysrEnv (In Three Parts: Part Two)Jru,'Tun Loorc, A Short StoryTrrn frar,r.c.F[s rN THE Uxrrno SrerBsArr,.q.Nrrce rrv BnnvnAttAi,ltlc.q.'s Ossnnvarony . . . .Boons rN REvrEw . . . .. ;Toprcs orr rHE MoxrqClarice TartufariZagnoni Marinoni72-o {()o9 (t,t9l91505251F. Cassola. M. D.. Editor & Publisher; Giovanni Schiaro. Alanaging Erlitor;Editor.Dominick Lanronica, AssociatePublished Monthlv. Ann'al subscripri*,-sj.io-' p;l;i.- ;fu; ji;,' 6;ii;;i;i and General offices,93 WS" 7.0th Street, New-.York. Citv. -telepfio"e'rnaliort z-so-"c+. Copy'jigirtoe ,rDrurttten.1gs-i."-rltt manuscribt-, shoutdaccombantcd uttl, return postage akd odJtcssed. to theforEdito/, -\o responsibilityunsolicitedi3 usiu*"dmanuscripts.copyright 1931. No article or story in ihis rnagasine can be reprinted utl,tolly or in, part ztiitkoutspeciol perntisston.* This-special double number is being issued in order to bring ATLANTTCAup'to-date with regard to date of publication. subscriptiois will be ex.terrded one month, so that subscribers will all receive 12Lumhers on theiryearts subscriptions.

llil.ii:,,iii54THE BURDENOF ARMAMENTST"pt., of thn VlonthB,r ED\\VARD CORSINI O11 tttat Ilta Get'ttron tnot'-r \ atoritrttt is in ,"ffet"l a trrlth,e Lonclon Conference is happilyarljourned, public atten,-tion tur,t'ts to th,e nert '**oddm'iclew,oue i,n th,e effort to relieuetlte ilepre,ssiott. Thislnlue 'is on th,e calendar fctrtr'ebrua,ry, zult,en the delegatesof ,sonte sirty nations, tncludi|1,qour ottn, tneet in Geneua tocons'ider tlt,e reclucti,on of armaments.Wash,tnllton prepares f o,tltis conference ui,th a publicopi,nion back of r,t f or the fi,rsttime completely alt)are of th,edi,r'ect conne,ct,ion betweenu;orlcl peace ancl econotnr,c ytt'osperity.Th,e depression ha,sllolxe a, longt zuaSf in ed,ucatingth,e Ameri,can people to the i,m,-ytortance of or{r ,stake i,nEurope. Tlte result i,s an absorbing,interest in f oreignoffairs u;hich keen obseraersnote 'is relegating to the backqrounclall con,s,ideration ofrlotttesl ic ytt oblems.'l' h'is'int er est i s i,nu alu able t oth,e Presi,d,ent, who sees clearhltlrat the soluti,on to t'h,e homect'is'is i,s i,,n a settlement of th,ethorny problems th,at besetEurope and tlt,e rest of th,etuorld,. D'isartna,ment, in lrisoys'inion,i,s at presen,t the greatestof th,ese probletns. " Of allth,e ytroposo)s for th,e econom,icreltabi,li,tation of the world," h9saicl recentlu, " nome cotnpare.sin n,ecessi,ty or i,m,Ttortance withth,e li,m,'itati,on of armatnents."These arma,tnents are costingthe world, to-d,a,y the astouncl,-'ing sum of $4,700,000,000, almosttwo-tl'ti,rd,s of whi,ch, is bei,ngspent, by the si,n leadingnct,ti,ons of the world,, i,nclurli,ngtlt,e Llnited States. In fact, theUni,tetl States, u:i,th an attnu.alerpend,itnre of $7or,ooo ,ooo,lea,cls aLl other cornttries. t'oIloutetl'inclose ord,er by Russia,Frctnce ancl Great BritcLin,tl;hose corrtltinr:cl total is in ercessof one anrJ a h,alf billi,ondol,la,r s .Thi,s lauislt ucLste h,as been'i,n,creasi,ng steadily f rom yearto year. All talk of peace and,clisarnt,ament, all, the conferencjes,t'vectties antl pacts which,l'taue f eatured workl cliplomacys'ince the armi;t'ice, haue notretlur:ecl bu u, single gun tl,r,isuast eclr,tiytnte:nt of u:ar. Tlt,eLtill, lor ar.ttt,'ies anrl naui,r:,s i,s$5oo ,ooo ,ooo g reater- to-daythan i,n L973.If tlt,e way out of tLds clepression'is by eclnlmy, tlt,en ay1o farslaslti,ng ctf arm,aments should,'in, restor'ing norma,l, condi,ti,ons.But i,t i,s tl'r,e fear ofLoar r:ngenclereil bu nat'ionsarming to the teeth that'is ytara_lyzi,ng tltat wil,l to recoaerrywi,thout t,u'h,i,ch a,ll the sta,gey:la-t1sof cli,plomacy a,nd, all themalreshi,fts of bu,si,ness are a,sstraws in the wi,ncl, i,n thisgreatest of worl,d, crises.Tlt,e Germ,an mortr,tor'ium hasgonr:"Aw, It's Only a Kid!"in the N. Y. World,-Telegram-Kirbylar itt, bolsteritr,g tuorld,ntorale, ancJ America's prescntpolicy of cooyserati,on offer.sad,ded sti'tu,ulus to tlte f orces ofu:orld recouerA. It,is necessaryto cont'inue on thi,s path,. Genu-'ine results at Geneua ai,ll tendto tlispel ytresent clloom anditnbue ui,th, h,ope a huntan'itysick, and tired of ,Luar.Americans u;ill follout wi,t,ltanriety th,e com'ing conferenceancl loolt, to th,eir President toererc'ise to the fullest hi,s lead,-ership f oi' peace.. *-THE PROTECTEDCRIMINALTJ ERL at ltuttre ctinre strt'--fL t'ires llte slrill iu trt,tblicinterest antl tnore antl tnctrelooms as tlt e graur:st of ctu,r'clont,esttc ytroblem,s. In the pa.stmonth tl'te u.nclerusorlrJ lta,s beenuntr,sually actiae. Th,e total oftlt,ose "Ttut on tlte sytot" or" to,ken f or o ri,d,r:" lt,as t"isemco+tsicleraltly. Unsoluecl lnl,Lrclersa,re cotnlnln occurrences'in our cities. IIold-uyts, r'otttteries,kr,rlnayspings ancl oth,erform,s ol lawlessness ',-ie tu'ith,'international conf erence.s o,nd,Presirlential aclclresses fo,frontpage space and sttstained,public attentton.We assertecl last +nonth, thatcrime is triumpltant 'i,n thiscou,ntry because of tlte ti,e-uyttai,th politics. Tlte Wickersham.C omm,ission, r,t: e note, susta'insthi,s uieu,:. In one of its reportsto th.e Presiclent, ntade publicrecentlu, it satls:." A ysrimary couse i,s the ouellhnou,ttanrl oft-proued alltancebetu,een criminals ancl corru,Tttytolitician." u'liclt, controls, inpart ut least, zchere ,i,t cloes notu;holly rlo so the 7:olice f orce ofour la rg e cities.' 'Police chiefs and, Ttoli,ticiansh,ao-ebeen quick to tleny this i,ndictntent,rchich ue hope wtllresult in reform ultere reformis neecled; but th,e publ,i,c i,s tootttell auare of tlte rot d,tsclosed(Continued, on Page 89)li

The Turning T;de oflmmigrationBy Dominick Lamonicaf\\-t ) lle\\'s items wlrielr apfl,*,tr'",1 rpeent ll jn thp-lurerican press, lvhen viewecli rgetller, are so pregnant rvitli:rlr-aning ancl hisl,or.iczri sigr-iticance,ttrat the1. clemarrrli.'ine thoughtful consideration,*::]-'eciallt- b"v those of foreigni,irth or descent.( )ne of the stories, rviilr a\l-ashington ciate line, stated,in the unaclorned, matter-oftactprose of ,:\meriean iourrialism,that according to the{ 'e}rsus Bur.eau, tlrel,e are nroreItalians than any other foreignl','t'll \\'llites in Ncw York State.Tirev rrumbered, as of rlpril1st, 1930, 629,322, out of a totallf 3,191,549 foreign-bornwhites, r,vith Russians seconclancl Poles thircl.These figures are interestingarr,l informative, brrt more importantis the phrase containeclin the report : ', . : . for most ofthe countries the number offoreign-born whites in 1930was larger than in 1920.,'The other storv, originatingirr \ieu- York CitS-, narrated tlrprieparture from that citv of anItalian liner, of whosL jb00passengers more than 1100represented a large group ofentire Italian families leavingthis country for Ital;,-, an incirlentt;'pical of man;' others.The two news stories denotethat, the high tide of imnfgrationha,ring been r.eachedancl passed, its ebb is now beginningto set in.R'\fi"u,,T"".'if ;rl:i" ?;i H;flor,r'. Particularll is this trueof the great ticlal r,vave of immig'rationthat came to thiscountry during the latter parl.rf tlre previous ccntrrrr-arrrl tlrcearly .r ears of the present centurl'.And now we are rvitnessingthe beginning of its ebb.\\rhat was former.ll- a greatrushing torrent, to change therrnetaphor, has graduallS. ,h"irrdleddou,'n tilt toda.v it is but amere trickle.Ever since 1917, when Congressbegan limiting ancl restrictingthe number of incomingaliens, the force of the ticlehas been diminishing. The Actof Feb. it,l.917 provided for theexclusion of our aiien residentstty classes. Among theseclasses are the diseased, stotaways,paupers, illiterates, anarchistsarrd criminals. The lawprovicles that when these arefound in the countrv the;. g1ru11be taken irrto custod.r' and deported.In 1924 the Johnson-Reed act 'was passed, rvhichplaced a nu,m,er,ical restrictionon incoming aliens. Accorclingto this act, sometimes referred1o as tlre " national origins "quota sl stem, a quota is fi-redfor each riationality, based onthe number of their people inthe Lrnited States according totlre 1890 census. However, tlLeapplication of this pror.'isiorrwas c'leferred for some time, untilthe President, in his pro-55clamation of March 22, lg2g,definitel;,- fixed the quotas forthe fiscai year beginning Julyl. I931. arrd tlrose f ollowirrg.It is rrn,ler tlris proelamaliorrthat our immigration is nou'operating.In this respect, it must notbe forgotten that, at least asfar as Italy is concerned, emigrantsare not being encolrragedto lear,'e their native land.Ever;-thing is being done inItalv to keep tirc Itaiians athome, where the countr)' canmake use of their man-power.It is therefore on both sides ofthe Atlantic that immigrationto America is being cliscouraged'r( :)* *N spite of the fact tlrat peo-f t ptn lrave sensetlvaguel-v that immigration "aihe, isfalling off, it is startling indeedto be told by Mr. Harry E.Hull, United States CommissionerGeneral of Tmmigration,that, for the first time in 70,\.ears, the number of imrnigrantslast year was well belou'100,000. Compare this figurewith the 1,000,000 that came tothese shores in 1914 !I;ess startling, but eyeryrvhit as significant, is a comparisonof the character of theimmigration then ancl now. In1914 almost 515,000 immigrantsclescribecl themselves as laborers;last year there were only8000 such. It is a case of therestriction by numbers operat-

$itt:lt:rlii,ililii56ing in conjunction with limitationb.v class. In this connectiona great deai of selectivepower has been placed in thehancls of the American consulsstationed abroad, because theclemancl fol r.isas is verr'- muchgreater than the number allotted.The process of picking ourimmigrants by hand, so tospeak, insteacl of by massmethods, has quite naturall.vimpror.ecl the character ofAmerican immigration. Goneare the nrasses of poor, unlearnedirninigrants, in sharvlsancl homespnl], carrYing theirhunlble bundles about in bervilderment.i+ ir. t3ftEPRESSI0N, ol eonrso,l'f l,u. afl'ectecl immigration,just as it has affectecl abouter.er)-thing else uncler the sun.Italians, Poles, Russians anclthe others, finiiing I'ork scarcein this country, are betakingthemselves Jrack to their homeland,where, eyen ifi the-v cannotfind uork, living is muchcheaper. lVhen the Lloyd $1fuaudoliner Conte Grancle sailetrthe otlier day with the bulk ofpassengers macle up of Italianfamilies, for example, it wasbut orie episode in the exodustliat is taking place these days.It is noteworthy to realtze,however, tirat in most cases thebreadlrinner, the head of thefamilv, renrains in this countrytill better times return.Colonel M. Serrati, interr.ierveclon that occasion, said:" The Italians are goodjuclges of the times. Of thesebookings ahnost every onemeans an entire family goingback to Itai,v, where they willwait for better times and avoiclwhat seems to them the approachof a desperate winterin Nel' York and surroundingcities."It is like the olcl da.vs ofRome, when Caesar's men hurriedtheir families ancl householdef{eets out of the countryat time of battle. There the oldATLANTICA, AUGUST-SEPTtrMBER, 1931Latin rvord 'impedimenta' rvasapplied to the exodus. Today,with a general exodus of ltalianfamilies to the comparativesafety of lower-priced ltal_r',we might call this the rlepar,ture of the 'impeclimenta.' InItal.v, in the countr5', these entirefamilies may live in greatcomfort for the equir,'alent of$25 a month." Think of what this meansto a man working harcl for aliving in this cit,v. He may supporthis familv in comfort andticle the family establishmentover a tense period for a sumless than he would pav ordinaril;.for rent here. "To the number of Italianswho are leaving because ofhard times, there must also beaddecl the not inconsiderablenumber who have made themodest fortunes thel- strovefol, and u{ro are going back totheir homeland to enjoy theirremaining days in quiet retire.ment, awa]. from the bustling,strenuous life of America.Tf1HERE is anotlrer side tor tlrp erodus of loreign na.tives from the tlnited States.This is the matter of " unwanted" or " r-Lndesirable "aliens who are being deportedinlarger and larger numberseverlr )-ear. During the fiscal-vear ending last J-une, for example,78,142 of these, man)'of them convicted felons, wereplacecl under arrest, taken tothe border or to a seaport, andsent back to the land whencethe-v came. The fig4ures for thethree fiscal )re&rs previous are:I928 -71,625; 7929- 12,908 ;and 1930-16,631. The nurnber,it can be seen, is growing greaterevery "vear.trYhile the theory behinclthese expulsions is laudable, itcannot be saicl that in practiceit is entirelv so, for it has beena subject of criticism for sometime. Even the WickershamCommission, in its tenth reportto the President, condemnedsome of the practices connecteclrvith it, finding that man--v personsare being separatecl permanentlvfrom their families inviolation of the "plainest dictatesof humanit,v, " throughthe r.ay some of the imniigrzttionlaws have been aclministereclrvithout either deviationor the simplest discretion.fncidentally, it must be high-}y srirprising to some who havepersisted in believing otherwise,to cliscover that, accordingto figures specialh- suppliedby the Bureau of Immigrationof the United States Departmentof Labor, Italians c1o notrank first, or even seconil, innumbers deportecl. In thecriminal classes, the_-v haveranked fourth, out of the eightnationalities listecl, for thepasl, three Years, and in the immoralclasses, the.v rank sirth(the last of the nationalitieslisted before the "All other"grouping).In any el'ent, the svstem ofalien cleportation is here,whether to stay or not \re cannotsa-r., or for how long, andl.hile it is in operation it is contributingits share tox.arcl diminishingthe number of foreignhornwlftes in this countrl-. Itis a part of the ebbing tide ofirrtnrigration'+ ,sis decleasrfMMIGRATION irrg rapidll', an,l thele arcnot man.r. rvho protest ol rriewwith alarm this great trirningpoint in the racial ccmpositionof America. The imrnigranthas played an inilispensablepart in the builiLing up of themachine age in the UnitedStates out of the raw materials,but now his cultain is comingdown. lVhether ol not therervil1 be neecl of more immigrationfor America in the futureis something no one can tell, yetit is strange that this sicle ofthe question should not havereceived the attention it de-SETVES.

HrIIIochs oItalian ArtLeonardo da Vinciand His ContemporariesBy Alfonso Arbib-CostaProfessor of ltalian at the College of the City of New yorkII.A T tle errel of tlre lifteerrtlr,Lt eerrtuLl', ItaJl- preserrts-/'- l- it rrrarvelous galarv of.:ninent zrrtists. At that timei-re art schools of the penin-:rila are constituted. Among:,re Tuscans, tr'ilippino Lippi: 'tnlrletes the chapei of theBrancacci; Cosimo Rosselli';r'orks at the Sistine Chapel,P,rllajolo and Sandro Botti-":elli bring forth with their,,rush those inimitable typesthose ingenious, fine ancl pro--rluncl expression impcses itselflike a cliscprieting ridcllerhich, after four centnries, still..irarms and perplexes us. Itis Leonarclo da \rinci l.ho wasto give these types their highestsignification, but SandroBotticelli (1447-1515) is alsoun€ of the most felicitous inr-enlorsof the Renaissance,hoth for the tender expressionn-hich dominates in liis r.irginsancl for the poetic phantasywhich is manifestecl rvith somnch superiority in his a}-legories of the Spring arrd ofCalumny; e\.en by the power,rf expression, as in the DeadChrist tliat is now at theJlunich Museum, and b_v thesentiment of great deoorationthat is found in his Moses inthe Sistine Chape}. Somecritics ciaim, however, that hecloes not possess the authorit_vof Domenico Bigordi, betterknorvn under the name of Ghi.rlandajo,l.ho was endowed withan imagination more powerfulthat Botticelli's, if less original,The lollowing article is thesecond ol a series of tour byProt. Arbib-Costa or,. greate,pochs ol Italian art. It followsthat in the preaious issueof ATLANTICA on "The Precursorsol the Renaissance:Giotto to lllasaccioo" and it uiillbe srrcceeded, by '(The Time,sof Michnel Angelo and, P.aphaelr"and 'oltalian Art i,n theSeaenteenth Century." Prol.Arbib-Costa here treats, but ind tnore extensiae wWt thesanne topics upon which he recen_tl,ydwelt in a series o!radio talhs oner StationVNYC lor the "Air Coll,ege',ol C.C.N.Y.and who was served besides b;'a rare surety of execution.Ghirlandajo is, indeed, theclassical master, the founderand head of a school. Hismasterpieces are to be seen ancladmired on the wall of theChurch of Santa Maria Novellain tr'l,rrence where, in his frescoes,on the lives of St. Johnthe Baptist and St. Francis ofAssisi he introduces l'ith arare dignity the portraits ofprominent tr'lorentine men andwomen of his time. The onlycontemporary- work that can57be corrparrecl to his is thatu..hich l-,uca Signorelli executedat Orvieto from 1499 to 1504.Those frescoes represent thescenes of the end of the x'orld:the Antichrist, the Resurrectionof the tr'lesh, the LastJudgment, and others. Signorelli,who livecl from 1441 to1523, is one of the greatest creatorsof forms that are to befound in the histor,v of painting.The originality of his lines,the porver of his composition,were to bc surpassed onl;. fu;.Michael Angelo, who himselfdeclares to have studiecl l-ithgreat attention the paintings ofOrvieto. J\-e can see Signoreilibesicle Ghir'lanclajo in tireChapel which Pope Sixtus I\'caused to be decoratecl b1' thegreatest artists of his time, anclperhaps of ali times, and whichtakes from that Pontiff thename of Sistine. \Ve har.e alreadyindicated the names ofBotticelli and Rosselli, whon'orked at the decoration of theChapel: u'e sha1l find there alsoPerugino.IETRO \-ANNUCCI, cal}etlPerugino from his natir.'ecity 61 Perugia, is the most remarkablerepresentatir.'e of theUmbrian School. -.\lthoughpreserving in most of his compositionsthe slightl). archaicsymmetry of his school, hebrings to his pictures a great

IiItlill,l1!,iirLr;'Ili,firi!_i8care of technical cletails ancl ofmaterial execution. fn the oilpaintings, wirich he uses l-ivpreference, he became the rirralof the rnost skillful l-lemishartists. But it is especialll-- inhis fresco painting that histirl.rrt ereels, n* eari Ire spen iu!ro Sistine Clrapol, arr,l in llrePazzi Chapel o[ Floronee.Perugino, who lived from1446 to 1518, rvas ilre cornpat_riot of Bernarclino rli nLttotsiaggio, cailed the pinturic_chio, who was born at peruEiain 1454 ancl whose rnost famJusn'orks are the frescoes of tlieLibrarv iir the Cathedral ofSiep2, rcpreserrting, [acts of tlLelife of Pope Pius tlre Second.Pinturicclf o painted in theLoggia of the Beivcdere at theYatican som(, larrrlspnpp5 nn,;viervs of fta[an cities, peoplen'illL numcrons mell anrlwomen, a thing quite novelthen. IMe can judge of jrispoetical and delicate imagina_tion in the three chambers oftlre tsorg.ia Apartment at flLe\-atiearr that lre decorated.HE sentiment of thesearch for color that wefind in Perugino u,as to be theclornirrating aspect of the \ren_etian school. llany r:easonswel'e to predispose tlre \-en_etian school to be colorist, tolook fbr sumptuous clecorationsanc] pompous compositionsrather than for animated ex_pressions and energetic atti_tudes.. \\-lrile tlre party strngqleskept up in democratic Floic-ncearr activity and an agitationthe effects of ri,hich ariwas tofeel, in Jrenice a dominant aris_tocracy so firmly eslablished11s power that a Frenclr lristor._ian and observer declared inthe fifteenth centur\. ilrat" there was no .o.,rrt"y inEurope where the commonpeople had so little to sav as inthe Republic of Venice. i Butthe greatest libertv was left tothe people-with ,ro .uy in po-ATL.\NTICA. AUGUST-StrI'TElI]]EIT, Ig31litical affairs-for their pleas_lll'es. llor.,, tlran ln\ n.]ret.eelse in Ital1. rich clweiliirgs of_fer tiie artist g.reat waiis tc,clecorate iyhere he rnust l_iefortrtr ll llatler. tlro oves of tlrp ari.tt,_cratic acfunirers. The portraitu.ill pia;..a great role in \.errrice,a por"tr.ait of statc arrd ponrp,whicli must be tlie inctication ofthe power and fortune of ilrcyocl_ei. r\ow, this kinii of paint_ing Jenr.ls itself to the secluctionof color. l\rhile arouncl l.lor_ence ancl Siena tlie er.e is ar_restetl b--r hills ancl cut_out hori_zon--in \.enice it is lost in ilicyague folms of the lag,oon,rrlrole tlrp,lividirr.g lino Irel n.oouland anci rvater is seldom clear.Also, rvhile tlie dr1- anrl pureair of 'Iuscany shon,s"riar..-thing rvith a perfect clearness,irr .\'anica.tlre skr-. if l,rillianl,is la,lcn n'ilh irurniditS- an,l on_r.elops everything o"itl, a l.r_minous mist. fn Florence. it isthe line which strikes at first.fn \i'enice, it is ilre colorecl spotancl the blending of sharleswhich call the attention.Florence and \renice charac_terize tlro iwo great for.ms otItalian ar.i. ln Fiorence tlreline, the gesture, the variecl ex_pression produce an art c'lemo_cratic, dramatic, full of action.fn \renice we fincl splendor ofcolor, arr aristocratic, princeivart, a rich and noltle "orrrpo.ition,which, hox,ever, knowshow to remain simple andavoicl mannerisms of all kincl.-f1 HF) or.isinalit;.of Vonetianr art is slrown in its a r.eLi_tecture. The variety of fa_cades in the Palaces of theGrancl Canal, where strange ef_leets of color are sought b.r. t]roc'liversity of material or evenbv..qilding ancl encrustations,strikes one n'ith wonder andadmiration. The Byzantine,Gothic, and Renaissance urtall represented there antl in thel)ucal Palace commenced in1341 and almost entireh- recon_structed in the first half ofthe fifteenth centurr.. trVha{_ever be the merit of its ex_amples of alchitectural art,\renice o\yes, horvever, to itspaintels its artistic r,"rioro,rr.The true founclers of the\renetian School of paintingare the mernbers of the familiof Bol.lini. Jacopo. tlr,, faflroi.,ir.ho diecl in 1470, ancl his trvosons Gentile and Giovanni.Jacop,o Bellini transmitted tohis sons-besicles ilre qualitiesprolrer to Venetian artists---the care of compositions wiilrsomething perhaps not so joftr.as rvith the Florentines, butg'entler, simpler, more familiar.l-[ore than the father. Genti]eancl Gior.arini Bellini may besaicl to have opened the tworoads in u.hich the \renetia,nschool rvill have its full cle_velopinent. fn his olcl age Gio_vanni Bellini had as his-pupilsboth Titian and Giorgione anrlrlirl not hesitate. at eigh11._six)'ears t-rfl ago, to trv to emirlaletlrem rrlrorr tlrer-ha,l Lreeomefamous.-J1HFl Bellirri had arlmitte,lr- into their familS.an artist. who was considered, with Sig_norolli, tlte rnost lear.rrecl de_signer of lris 1ime, IrrdreaMantegna, who married aLlauehter of Jacopo Bellini.Lfantegna, born in paclua in1431, had been a shepherd inhis youth, like Giotto. but hehacl no less risen to a promi.nent position not only as anartist, but also as an archaeolo_g'ist of the first rank and ascholar in man-_v ltranches ofhuman knowieclge. His mostnotable works are, with hisfrescoes in tlrp Clrurch of tbeEremitani at padua, thenumerous paintings that he ex_ecutecl in Mantua for the fami_ly of Gonzaga; his sketches oftire Triumlth of Caesar haveexerciseci their influence evenupon Rribens, and they occupyin the history of the Rerrais_sance-characterizing as the;.clo the archaeological and eru_

Xtrlrl* tt-nrleucr- of that periorl---I t'.ar.e nearl.v as important a_rI-+,'r.rar,1o's Last Supper. prol'l,:tii at altolt the sarle time.\-,,'fHI\G slro\\'s Lretter- \ L"or,ar.rlo ,la Viuci', in-' ,tillrarable genius than his cle-'- l-:'1 superiority or.er all ther'.r'ilsts tirat we have been men--r,,riirig', e\:en over the rnost em--r,tnt auong them. One may-rrr-. i11Ll6'sd, that Leonardo ltasr,r,:n the most complete, if nottr,e highest e-rpression of the,-ilrtran mincl. At anf- rate, he-- tlrt, rrrost eornplcil erlrrossiorr,,i the Itenaissance. Painter,:'nllltor, musician, poet, archiler:t.skillful in all tlie exelcises,,t the LiodJ., he is also anratherriatician, an errgineer, :rrrrrtnralist without peer.J,eoriarc'lo hacl-both in ilreor'-:ticancl pr.actical sciencesurrrrvelous presentiments of',-arious modern discoveries, extraordinarr.flights of genius,nan.Y of which he did not cleignio publish and $rere for a iongtinre hidderr in lris manuseripts.He knew how to join the liveliestimagination to a strictcritical mind, the boldness ofrlream to the precision of science,the most marrrelous fanta,qvto pure reason. Still, inspite of his facility of conceptionand execution, he has prorlucedlittle because he was al-\r ay s pursuing perfection.This extraordinary man, $,ho,more than anybody else seemsto have penetrated, translatedwithout offort and even createdessentially complex soulslike l\{ona Lisa, recorrrmends tohis pupils to search interestingclispositions of line even in depictingclouds. His impeccableclesign, a powerful chiaroscurorvhich agrees with a perfectprecision of forms, the talentLEONARDO DA VINCI AND HiS CONTEN{PORARIES 59of :rbsorbing details in the general,nass without effacingthem, ari enveloping gracenhich belongs only- to him, assureto Leonardo an admirationn'hich can only increaserrith the passing of time.Born in the castle of \,rincinear Ir'lorence in 7452, Leonartlowas at early age placedas an al.iprentice in Verrocchio'sstudio. It is told that\''errocchio iracl char.gecl himwith painting the head on oneof the trvo angels in the Bap-'tisrn of Christ u.hich is now atthe Florence .Acaclem_v, and the.young man shorved such a superioritl.irr his work that \rerrocchiothen and there gave uppaintiug, in clespair.Callecl b-v the Duke LudovicoSforza, Leonarclo rvent to Milanin 1485. He seems to havemacle a veritable acaclemr.there of his studio, and h!r,vrote then for his pupils hiscelebrated 'lreatise of the Artof Painting, as l'ell as varioustreatises on the movementsand the proportions of thehuman bodl. Soon he wascomrnissionecl to paint for therefectory of Santa Mariaclelle Grazie that Last Suppelwhich marks the ultimate termof the evolution of which Giottohad gir.en the signal. Unfortunately,that famous lvork,painted on a wall in oil and notin fresco, is irremediabtv deteriorated.\[ /H nf tlre Frcrreh oceu-VY pie,l tlre duehv of trlilanand macle prisoner LudovicoSforza, rvho was Leonardotsprotector, the artist left Milanand traveled ali over Italy. He\,\ras commissioned b;. CesareBorgia to execute some engineeringwork ancl sojournedseveral times at Florence. fntlris eitv lre rrnclortool< il 1i00to paint the portrait of NlonaLis:l clel Giocondo. He workerlnearly four years at this por,trait of which \rasari said sixty\rears later that "its executionis such to make the most skilifulartists in the worid tremblcancl think of abandoning theirrvork, without speaking of ttratrnarr.elous smile rvhich makc':of that poltrait a I,vork morl.divine than hurnan. "In 1503 Leonarclo was commissionedto rlecorate one ofthe sides of the Hall of thcClouncil at the Palazzo dellztSignoli:r in n'lorence, IfichaelAngelo being the artist choserrf or the opposite rvall. Thcrpaintings were nel'er executecland tlie cartoons were lost, aloss rvhich cannot be toogrcatlS- deplored.In 1515 the I(ing of France,Francis the First, invited Leonardoto France, where rr'e beganb.v occupying himself rvithprojects of canalisation, as hchad done in lta\., but he rvasold and tired, and he died in1519, in a small castle at Amboise,which had been given tohim b"v the King of France.NTUMEROUS disciples arel\ eonnected with Leonardo'sschool, either as hispupils or as followers of histeachings, the most famous ofthem being Bernardino Luiniwho, more than anyone else, assimilatedthe manner and especiallvthe spirit of the master.But some of the artistswho can claim themselves ofLeonardo begin to show the influenceof Rapliael, while twoof them, Ferrari and Bazzi,profit by their sojourn in n'lorencewhere Michael Angelofouncled an imperishable tradition.

P riest. P ioneer, Architect., E,ducatorFather Samuel C.MazzuchelllBy Ciovanni SchiavoSZZVCHE|.,LI \\iasthe peer of tire bestand tlie most rnernorabie.The peer in virtuesthat compose the great pr.iest,in deeds that brighten tlie passageof the great missionarv.''More yet-Mazzuchelli isunirlue among the men n homwe account as our Fathers inthe Faith-unique in this, thatamong them he was first on theground, first to turn theploughshare. Others came laterto take up the work he had begun,to direct and foster thervork of what he had planted.",\t his entrance into hisIabors, Mazzuchelli 'wa s thesolitar-v priest, from the watersof Lakes Huron and Michiganto those of the XfississippiRiver across the wide-spreadingprairies and forests of \\risconsinand lowa."Barga arrived at ArbreCroche, on the northeasterncoast of Lake Michigan, morethan a ;'ear after Mazzuchellihad said his first mass on theIsland of Xfackinac. Mazzrchellihad plieil his canoe onthe upper Mississippi Riverseveral -''Years before Loras wasat Dubuque or Galtier in St.Paul." Others followed in his footsteps;he hacl been the patlifinderin the I'ilclerness. "Thus the late Reverend Johnfrelancl, Archbishop of St.Paul, summarized in 1915Father Mazzuchelli's thirt.vfourvears of work in what wasat the beginning of his careerthe rvilcl Middle-l\rest.Think of it ! A lone priest atthe age of twentv-four in thecolcl regions of MackinacIslands, in a district containirrgonly a few hundred furtratlers, exposecl to danger:sancl to the rigors of a ver]. tr) -ing clirirzrte !But in the adversities of nature,-E ather Mazzuchelli musthave found a growing incentivefor unsparing labors if, in thecomparativel,r,' bricf span ofthirty )-ears, he l.as to founclmore ihan fifty churches anilschools, to drarv plans forto\-ns ancl courthouses, to bemissionary, preacher, educator,arclLitect anil above alltrail-blazer.Ancl all that in a territorymore than one hunclrecl mileswicle.I was lrotrr at nlilau ou Nor"ember4, 1807.His faniily had plannecl forhim a political career, but hehad different clesigns and, accor:dingly,at the age of 17 heentered the Dominican Monaster_rat X'aenza. He made hisprofession at the Dominicanh.ouse in Rome.In 1828 (he was onll' 21 Yearsold then) he happened to meetin Rome Father P. Reese, Yi-60car General of Bishop tr'enwickof Cincinnati, who was to becomein 1833 first Bishop ofDetroit.ft'n'as Father Reese who encouragedthe young aspirantto missionary life, to emigrateto America. He accompaniedhim as far as Lyons in France,)'oung Mazzuchelli continuingalone his journe-v to the newworlcl. He landed in New Yorkin November, 1828.He tarried for a while in"the great cit.v," and later inPhilacielphia ancl in Baltimore,finall.v learring for Cincinnatiwhere he was to continue hisstudies for the priesthood. fnthe Bucke5 e metropolis he remainedfor about 'two years,until he rvas ordained a priestat the Cincinnati Cathedral onSept. 5,1830.Father Mazzuchelli's firstparish \vas a small one on theisland of Mackinac, where LakeMichigan joins Lake Huron.Another Italian had been inthat island, half a century hefore-F ather }lazzuchelii setfoot on it. Francis Vigo, theman who macle possible thevictor.v of George Bogers Clarkat \rincennes, had a tradingpost there as far back as 1778.Mackinac in those days wasa great center for the fur tradeof the Northwest. It containedabout 500 inhabitants. Todayit contains only a few hundredmoIe.

From Mackinaw, Father.\fazzuchelli went north tosiriult Sainte Marie, in Nor-::Prn )ficirigan ancl Southwest: , {ireen Bay, in ]Misconsin. Ttrras from Green Bay 1hu1 nur';as later to radiate his worki'-rff&r'tls fowa, and towards\,rrthern Illinois.is tlifficult in a short mag-TT r azine artiele to givc irr delailall the peregrinations and.-r-rnrnels that Father \[-azzrt-':helli went through during his-.Pars of missionary work. HeI'erfolmed his task so ri'ell thatrre \ras made a vicar-general ofthe diocese of Dubuque underBishop Loras. I{e was a1so,lrl- appointment from Rome,L'ommissary general of hisr-,rcler in this region. Had hewished it, he could also havelrecome a bishop, but he declinedthe offer in 1850. IIewrote on that occasion toBishop Lorasr "My presentsituation (in Benton) is morepleasing to me than any I harrehad before in America ancl itwould be a great sacrifice toleave it even for a bishopric. . .Tf the Lord is not very muchclispleased with me, he will permitme to work in oblivion beforethe world and enable me toknow Him more and more. "X-or, such was the nature ofthe missionary. No personalgain, no glory, no self-satisfaction.Even his personal recollectionsdo not bear his name.They were published in Milan,about the ,vear 1844 under thetitle of " lVf emorie fstoriche ededificanti d'un missionarioapostolico dell'Ordine dei Predicatorifra varie tribu di selvaggie fra i Cattolici e iFATHER SANIUEI- C. MAZZTJC]IELLIProtestanti negli Stati Ltniti diAmerica.t' They were translatedinto English in 1915.E]ATHER \IAZZUCHELLII dislinguislred hinrself inAmerica in various capacities.Above all he was the missionarl-.The churches built b-vhim in lowa, in Wisconsin, andin Illinois attest both his zealand success. Those at Dubuque( now a Cathedral), atBurlington, at Davenport, atMaquoketa, Iowa Cit;', Bloomington,Bellevue, Shullsburg,Sinsinarva, Galena, Prairie c1uChierr and Green Bay, areamong the trventy-five or morethat he built.Then he 'was an educator. Inconnection v'ith every one ofhis churches he built a school.He also organized a Congregationfor men, which lastedmany years untii lack of fundscompelled it to dissolve in 1866.But the Congregation of theMost Ifoly Rosary, which heestablished at Sinsinawa, Wisconsin,was bound to thrive.Toclay it numbers more than800 sisters, and it has morethan 15 schools in 15 differentdioceses in the United States.More than 20,000 pupils receiveinstruction from the Sisters ofthe }Iost Holy Rosary. Theirbest school is the well knor,vnAcademy and College of St.CIara.Father Mazzuchelli was alsoan architect of no little merit.Many, indeed, were the courthousesin fowa and trVisconsinwhich were built according tohis plans. The State Capitoi atIowa City is one of the manr.buildings for which he acted asarchitect. Today it forms the61Central Building of the Universifi.of Ior,'v-a.And last but not least, FatherNlazzuchelli was an orator ofgrea,t eloquence. "IMhen, onOctober 25,1836, the First TerritorialLegislature of JVisconsinbegan its first session inBelmont, on motion of PatrickQuigi;' it was voted that the'chair invite the Rer'. Mr.Mazzachelli to open the meetingwith prayer tornorrow'"(J. D. Bttler, i,n WisconsinHi,stori,cal C ollecti,ons, u ol. t+) .Mr. Quigly was the first manin Dubuque to entertain theyoung missionary. That was,indeed, quite an honor for aforeign priest who hacl beenless than eight years in thenew countrl-.D UT Father JfazzuclLeilr un-I-D clerstood the spirit o[America. To quote Archbishoplreland again: "He w-asa foreigner by birih and education;situations in his nativeftalv were much the antipodesof those in the countr;. of hisadoption. Yet he was theAmerican to the core of hisheart, to the tip of his finger.He understood America; heloveil America. "That explains perhaps whyhe was so dear both to Catholicsancl Protestants.Father MazzacTtelli died ofpneumonia at Benton, Wisconsin,on tr'ebruar;- 23, L864. Itis said that he contracted hisillness as the result of a visiton a very cold da-v to the cleathbecl of one of his parishioners.I{e was buried in the cemeteryof Benton, where a little monumentwas erected to his memory.

tfl1l'rProblems oJ ToddlCancerBy A. P. Vastola, M. D.EFORE cliscussing calcer,its nature and itstreatment, let us reviewits statistics. In the UnitedStates, over 100,000 people dieof cancer every year. Its annualincrease is close to 3%.X{ore people die of cancer thanof all the infectious diseasescomltinecl, excepting ttliercnlosis.More people die of cancerthan are killed b;'railroads,street cars, automobiles, fires,'drowning, mining accidents,machinery, poisons, homicidesand suicides-all put together.According to official statistics,one in ten of the men andwonren now living in this country,are destined to die of cancer;and of all women who diebetween the ages of 45 to 65--Years,one in five succumb tothis disease. The rate throughoutthe different sections rraries,but it is highest in NewEngland. In Connecticut, from1924 to 1927, almost 2,000 morepeople died from cancer thanfrom tuberculosis. Its mortalityis appalling; its prevalenc;.is increasing. The numberof persons in the UnitedStates, between the Atlanticand the Pacific who are nowsuffering frorn cancer is estinratedat 300,000.Norv, r,vhat is cancer? Canceris essentially a disease ofcivilization. ft is, comparativelyspeaking, unknownamongst uncivilized people. Itis characterized bv a tumorformation rvhich is at fir.stlocalized and later . becomesdisseminated throughout thebody, causing death by its pres-sure orr vital organs and generaltoxemia.o Yu" ;:li:l "i";*: J iJ tf :to the fact that people havecertain \\,rong ideas concerningStartling indeecl is thestatement made by Dr.Yastola, in the follou,ingarticle, that Grnore people itibof cancer than are killeil byrailroads, street cars. automobiles,fires, drowning, miningaccident s, machinery, poiso ni,homieid|s and suiitdes_alipttt-.together.)) A disease otciailization, cartcer inaites con.sideration by the layman aswell as the medical practition.er, and this article has beenuritten lor that purpose.In 7929 Dr. Y,astola made aspecial stud.y ol the cancersituati,on in Europe, rnakinginaestigations in ltaly, Austrii,()ermany, Switzerland andFrance. He is a Fellow ol theAm,crican CoIIege ol Surgeonsand an altending surgeon atSt. Nlary's Hospital in Water.buryo Conn. Surgery is hisspecialty, and he h.as taken nparticular interest in cancer.this horrible plague. l)ne ofthese wrong ideas is that painrnust be present, before anvserior-rs conclition can exisi.This is not only a mistakentheory, but ver.v often it isfatal to the one who holcls it.By the time pain occurs, thecancer has usually. developerlso far that the possibilit.v ofa cure is greatl-_v diminished.A wron.q idea is to supposcthat cancer will disappear of62itst ]1'. It rreverrlocs so. -\nrrther.\\-r'ong iclea is that proltrietan'rentet.lies such as pastes, Inclianoils or vibrators rvili ctruse trc:lrlcerolls growth to clisappear.This is a fatal mistake. n'lierei-" no drng or serun which willcure the clisease.'Ihe public shoulcl be informeclthat cancer is trrit initself hereclitarv; it is nottransrnissable fron parents tooff-spring, although tr certainsusceptibilit.v or preclispositionto it seerns to exist in soruefamilies flor a few generation-s.It is not contagious or infectious.No article or. corrtlitiolof foocl, water, air, clothing orpersonal habit has ever beerrassociaterl with caneer il acausative way. It occurs in trilclimates. It is common anlorlg'the .lower animals. It is notbelieved to be due to a parasite.It is not at fir:st, a collstitutionaldisease; so that atits beginning, it does not startwith fever or other slrnptonrsthat accompan\r an acute illness.It is strictl;- localizerland this is r.erv important toknow, because at this peri.rcl itis 100% curable.A LT, elirrical olrserr-alions/.-.l- ^ terr,l to pr.ole tlrat tlre excitingcause of cancer is a longcontinuecl ir.r.itation, n-hich ir.-ritaiion ma,r- be phvsical,thermal or chemical in its latnre,fVe knol. that certtrinagents, iike tar, soot, or. rnineraloil when rultlreci into theskin will procluce carlcer. incertain inclividuals. Expcsurcto the x-ra):s over a proloneetl

-, l)l.0.luce caltcer|l, :- lol.in of cancer,-- rrrr l)et. of ler.\. etni-- : ,:. irrive died. Thert:. : ', i. ir, corrclitions l.hich. i lil czlllcer I': >kiu sura11, irrnoccnti - tlr(,)ies Or. u.:lr.ts, when- . ',r - 11- irritatecl, nla-yr .- iilucetoLlS. I3ad teeth,::: r,: plates ancl poor- :'.i-,,r'li associatecl with- :rL. llltlY CtlLlSe CanCef Of:ii trnd tong.ue.. -. :,..=ir-e nse of tobacco anclr i clrr.r pipe not infre--. :.- caltse caltcer of thc:.-r -i1,. J\rith women smok--' r:iii{-'et' of the lip will projt-' -r,,:LeaSe in its prer.alencv.l thenr.,,lnclr, elrr.orrie irrflamma-I'L - - ol llre lrr.r,ast ol. tlr.\.-' : tirat favors a retention--,.- secr'etions of the breast,- ii: early \\reaning of babies'r,re \re&riilg of tight fitting-=:s. fa\.ors the formation'.ir..er. Due to the absencc-..,..h conditiorrs among theI :,.lteSe ancl tvomen of untze,lcountr.ies, cancer of- irreast is neyer fountl- r,:' them. Cancer of the-- r'ach is founcl in people who'- i ':itt antl clo not rnasticate- -. r food. tlntr,eated ulcers.le stornach freclrlerrtl_v cle--'.,,il'zrte irrto ca l 0 e r o Ll s. - -_--t- \ tus.Tir,: chrorric irritation of-.,- -tollr:S nlay cause cancer of, -r'rtlll.iladder:, and in u-omen,-,,l-birth injuries, if not im-* iiatelr. repailed, urav eyen-- rr-ir- lead to canceu of thosel.rans. An earlr- removal of- ihese simple conclitions ancl-:'.,lication of the irritating.-...rses, woulcl c'liminish Ereatl\.-, , ltler.alency ancl mortalitvirancel.Il orrler to reduce the mor--,-rtr- of cancer, instr.uctionr,'.rst lle given to the pnblicCANCERcoucerlirrg' thc tlarrg,cr siglaisof cancer" Statcci briefl.v,tliesc clanger sig'rrals ar.e asfollows:Anr- lurnp in an_r- par.t of tlrcrbodl' and especiallv irr tlrr.].rreast.Arrl. irrergular bleeding or.r,lisclrarge.Dr. A. P. VastolaAnv sore tirat cloes not heal.and especiallv anv sore on ilretongue, in the rnouth or on ilrc,lips, lasting o\rer trvo weeks.These are par.ticularll. apt tobe cancerous.Per-qistent indigestiorr withloss of weight. I n'ould like toemphasize the fretluency,- rvithn'hich cancer of the stornachlrcgins u,ith per,sistent incligestionancl loss of rveight in indivitlualsor.c'r 40 ve:rrs of age.Tht: possibilitr- of an earlr- cancershoukl l:ie kept in mincl, andit shonid hc confirmet.l or exclutledbr a ttriiloug.h ph1-sicale.xarnination :rrrd x-ra)-s. llhetreniendous r':rlLre of this eclucationzrlcarnpaign has beenrecogriized in Eur,ope. In allthe courntries of Enrope cristsa l.ell olg':rnizerl pr.oltirgantlir63for thr coutlol of cancer. Tirispro J.r:t,9;anclzr -qtresses the earlvs.r-nrptonts nncl ltroper scientiiictreatmeut of the disease.\ Ttulr'. sirrcc lgll, tlre carr.f er,t'lllrr1.l11 litv lrns lrecI tlt,-crcasing' in all sections of thcteountrr. This is in contrast tothc othc:r' cciuntries of Europe.-\ great dr.al of indir.idual researchrvork on the causation ofc:ulct-l' has lreerr done in Italr-,ancl the exltcriments seem topro\-e tha.t caricer is not causecllrv a pzrrasite. To combat cancct',the ltt-rliarr league \\-asformed in l!122. fts actiorr isbeing rri-qor.ousl.r- suppor.tecl b-vtlre ftalian gor-er.nment. ThcJeague is cler.eloping a continuousploJ.)agancla not onh. arnongthe laitr. lrnt also among phr--sicians thlough lectures ancllc.aflets. -l ctrncer institute Laslrt'err recentlr. ltuilt in Milan.[n regard to the treatmerrtof cancer', nothing is rnoreauthoritatir,e than rvhat iscontainecl in a resolutioupa sserl at the internationnlmeeting on cancer control, helrlin Arrrelici,r in 1926. The r.esclutionpassed at the meetingstatecl that the rnost reliablefonns of treatmerit, ancl infact tlte onlv ones thus fzr r,i rrstilir', 1 lrl cxlror.ierre,,arrrl olr-'sely:rtioli, tlepenrl npon sur.ge1")'rrarliuni arrrl x-rar-s anrifrorn m.1' 20 r'ear.s of clinicaierncl surgical observations, Ifeel thzrt all other methods ar.enot onlv futilc, but clangeronsto the iife of the patient.fn conclusion, I li.ould liketo entphasize these facts:I. J[arrr' 1]po= ol calreel. ill.pprer.c.ntaltle ancl many ofthe eall.r. ones arLr culaltle.i. C]ancer is cur:al,rle in almost100% of cases when it isloealizecl, either b1' surgerr-,,x-ra._r- or lacliurn.3. Cancel is not hereditarv orcommunicalrle.

Across Tuso ContinentsFrom Buenos Aires to NewYork bv AutomobileBy Lorenzo Scuderia \ Buerros ,\ires. a fen'\'earsI I rnade tlre aerlttaint*"*o, tance oI Ciovarrni Trrllianiancl Carlo Massacesi, withwhorn I discussed the possibilit,r'of an automobile trip fromBuenos Aires to New York"After considerable cliscussion,chiling which \\re were not unawareof the enormous difficultiesin the way of the enterprise,we succeeded. in interestirrgthe Cher.roiet Compan;,from rvhich we obtainecl manypromises x'hich later, naturallr,\vere fulfilleil only inpart. From the compan;', infact, we receivecl only gasolineancl a few repair parts.Having surmountecl the firstdifficulties, rve began the longr.enture b_v leaving BuenosAires on Nlarch 20th, 1929.The vicissitucles of ourstrenuous trip have somethingof tlie fantastic anclthe prodigious about them.We surmounted clifficultiesthat would have discourageclthe most intrepid; impassableroails, throughforests and over mountains, jacross miry anil desolate iplaces, where dwelt rvildbeasts, serpents and evenelephants in a savage state.The route followed by usis clocumented not only bvman,Y memorancla collectedb)'-e on the way, but alsoby certificates issr-red to usbv the governments of Bolivia,Peru, Yenezuela.Nicaragua, San Salvador,Honduras, Guatemala andMexico.I lvas ihe onl.v one of thethree original starters to reachNew York. Giovanni Tuiliani,overcorne b; a feeling of discouragement,remained at MexicoCity; Massacesi, later,stayecl at Detroit with somerelatives of iris.The First Obstaclesn VER a great part of Ar-\-/ gerrtina tlLe trip was quiteeasy and rve macle -good t1me.But iater, near the Bolivianbordel, the road clisappearecl.and it becarne necessary tomake use of river beds, eitherdrieci up or at verv low ticle, inorcler to get ahead, and thenonl)r with difficulty: the car n'asforced almost to navigatethrough Lhe water at times.Near Jujuy, we came into a vol-The routefollowed by Scuderi andcompanions64canic zone, formecl b5. smailcraters erupting mud. Oncethe machine suddenlv sank intoa warm, deep mass of this mucl,which threatened to sri'allow itup. ;lfter some clesper.ate workwith ropes ancl poles, prolongedfor selreral hours, wesucceeded miraculously in savitg tl'e automobile, when itseemecl that ali hope had beenlost.l\rith the mirr- zones behincluS, the mountain-climbingstage of the trip began. fn Bolivia\-e traveletl for mileson end at an average altitudeof 3500 meters (about 11,400feet, or more than two miles)above sea level. Bloocl sometimesflowed from our ears andrloses. Because of the unfore,seen and constant rarefieclquality of the atmosphere atthis height, the rnachinel.oulcl lose 60% of its effrciency;ever] on ler.elground it was necessary togo in first s1reec1, while thewater in the radiatorboiled.Lack of WaterN the desolate, grandiosepiateaus of Boliviawe lacked provisions,wood and x-ater, as well asan-v trace of a road. X'ortwo and a half months wesaw no breacl. The onlvfoocl 'we could obtain fromthe solitary Indians whomwe sometimes encollntered,taciturn and diffident shepherds,was some corn which

FROI{ BUtrNOS AIRES TOPelu: extra powcr for the climb.r,,it:tet.1. But the lack of- r -. - '':ie-i. prolonged f or rnore' r , ii llronth and a half, was- r I its the lack of blead.-r t,, 'firtt' t'ccollr.So for pro,- -- rr- ltrl in lrurrting. On the: ,--, iirrr lriateans \\-e encoun---:-: i :rleat hercls of sheep and..r- rii. tlrc onl,v lir.ing things---:-. 0ccasional conclor.s irrr:-,: iiig'h solitutles, whert::-.it . lo]' fonr. ot fit-e clar-s, we- r t,rt, ]rurnarr lleirrgs.I trie tleserts of Peru, l'hcle- -ri.-rtt' I'ains, we sufferecl ter-- -'.- florn thirst. A little be-- r t-'allao, the impracticabililthe ttlritril-_r l'e h:rc1 to- :> ultligecl us to tlar.el along", .rtoLe at low ticle ryheler.er'. -ir-tch of sand rnacle this pos-.,. Irt such cases, the wa,r-. :rriooth enough, altlrougli,rrL tinre to time, rocks emer.q--. :. ll'()ru tlie sancl neeessitateclr'r])t rleliations. Not being'.1'J' c-rperierrcerl, we pro--:,ler-l at first in a straightr ,:. l'ith the rcsult that wc: .,r1..ee{-1e{,1 in getting cluite wet.f *rr \\'r' iteg^an to unclerstancl-:-ri it rt-as necessary to followi ,rinltoLl-q, zigzag colrrse, ac-: ,1'rlins to tlLe alternate ebLir r-,l. fi,rw of the srayes.-{mcng the Eternal Snowsf \ Perrr rro leaclred an altirtrrrle nf i700 nreter.s (allollt1!.;t-)() feet, ol more than threeliies ) :rbole sea level. Forriltile weeks l-e traveled ol'eri1L': 51161ss, amid a majestic andtrrrl-,ounclecl solitude, where onerliets ro human being but an{-,,i{'a

#fri66A'I'LANTICA, AUGUST_SEPTE\{BER, 1931imals ourselves I whereuponthe Indians hastenecl to hiclethemselves, covering th e i rheacls under the lorv entrancesto their tents. This businessoYer ivith, they solcl us thekilled animals for on15' a fewcents.Then we were led to a tent,on the floor of rvhich somestraw mats were laicl out; ourfriends stprattecl on the groundand, with their primitive flutes,began a melancholy lament.All our pra)'ers to har.e themstop were in vain. We poormotorists, our heads heavyfroin lacl< of sleep, had to listento this strident lament ofthe flutes till the darvn.In llcuaclor we hacl an elaboratereception ancl cordial cooperationon the part of the authorities.fn the westeln partof this repuL:rlic, the mole inhabitedancl progressive, thelancl is ver)- fertile. f ire slopesof the mountains are coveredrvith'brilliantl,r'-co1orecl tropicalforests, almost alna)'s impenetrable.ifhe abunclance oforanges in the inhabitecl districtswas such that for a longtime we clrank nothing butol:auge juice instead of l.ater,compensating ourselr-es therebyfor the torments of thirstn e hacl sufferecl in thc mountainous cleserts of Peru.Thcre has existecl in Ecuaclorfor many -Years an Italianmilitart' nrission, rvhich is r-er1-higliiy thought of by th:rtGovernment. This mission, afew months ago, renewed itscontract to continue its workof rcorganizing the Ecuadorianarmy and preparing a mapof the republic.The colonel in command ofthe mission told us that in theeastern part of the countr5,where it descenils into the BrazilianAmazon, his dut,v was aver-v difficult one, and that hehacl to limit himself to somewhatapprorimate delineations.Tu.ice, in fact, the Indiantribes have risen en mo,sse atthe entr-v of the ftalian officialsin their territory, fearing thatthe Europcans were coming totake air.ay their lands. Oncethe nnmber of Indians in revoltexceeded 6000, and thework had to be postponed.In Colombia-T.Htr eltrv o[ our aulomo-.t bite in'Colombia marke,lthe beginning of almost insulmountabledifficulties. FrontTumaco to Buenaventura, forexample, we hacl to give lLp theiclea of continuing by lancl; itwas utterlv impossible for lsto open up a way through therlense anci impenetrable tropicalforests which extendecl clol'nto the verv edge of the Pacific.ITaving reachecl BuenaventuraLrr- way sf sea, the rest ofthe trip to Bogota was not vervclifficult. \{-e restecl a rvhile inthat cit5', ancl then we pressedonward into the most impassablepart of Colombia. Twohunclred kilometers from Bogotathe roar.l completelv di-qappearorl.Incessant work wititpick ancl shovei was necessar]-to clpen a passage-war. for theautornobile. But thanks to thc-qirill we had accluired on theIong trip, -ur,c succeeclecl in passingeven here, where it ri'oulclhave secmed folly to tr,v it.\\re met an American motorc).clist,who was going back torr.arcl.Bogota, after har.ingtliecl vairil). to reach the YenezuelarrI'or', ler witlr lris nrachine,()ur antornobile, hol.-ever', rlrtrde the trip"A Colornl:rian engine'cr, cloing.'snrveying ancl other work preliminarv to the construction ofa road ihere, thought us craz)-l'hen he saw us proceeclingalong a lruge precipice, with asiope of three to ten. But onceagain the keen e-ye anr,l thc:steacly hand, acquired by man-vmonths of effort, won over theohstacles of nature ancl therough difficult passage \vasmacle.From Mexico to the UnitedStatesf T slrorrld rrot be forgotterrI that the ltalian authoritieswere alwal-s tlelightfully generollsrvith their protection towarclme and my companions,Consuls, vice-consuls, etc. all'ayswelcomed us fraternallyand encouraged us, even as theauthorities of the Latin repub-Iics.But there was one incident inu'hich ihe intervention of onrAmbassador at \\rashington,Nobile Giacomo De Martino,\Ya,q necessary.The Chevrolet rvas crossingrr bliclge which connected thel{exican Republic with theUnitecl States, when we n'erestoppecl br- '\mericansoldiersat 'he borcler. The laws concerningimmigration are exceeclinglvstrict, and aclmit ofno erceptions. Thev tolcl ustirr t, in orcler to erttcl theUnitecl States, we lt:rtl to Pava security of $500 each. Hon'co'rlcl \re e\:er have olttained itin }{erico Cit"v? \Ve aPPealedto the Italian ErnbassY at\1'ashington, and the PromPtintelvention of our authorities\Yas enough to clear uP the situation.\\'e n'ere allowecl toenter becaltse \ve n'ele thleetourists, and not three incliviclualstrving to enter tlti-q countrvclandestilelr'. The interestmanifestecl hy ottr EmLlass-vl'ill alwars be lcmemhered bYme and my coilpanions.I\'liile the Ttalian Emliassywas taking tire necessary stePs,Trllliani deciclecl to remain inn"lerico City, ancl give up therest of the trip. The satisfactionof entering the UnitedStates was therefore reserverlonly for X{assacesi and mYself.In the United StatesT) OLI.OWING tlre interverrIJ tion of our Embassy, Ilas'sacesi and I r,vere free at last tocome into the tlnited States.(Continued on Page 90)rl

l."{rr I talian-Amer ican E ducatorAngelo PatriBy Ciuseppe Prezzolinicloes not mean that they alreadyknow ftalian! Thev areof the second and third €ienerationof ftalians, and their pari\CELO PATRlis a rcal{ illrrstr.ation of ttalian+ -I- gfrnta uI)'. Inla€{lne n-' * rrf shephercls in the vicinit_v: \trples, brought to this. .rlt1'r when but a child, rvho:.', ,ules the oracle of an Amer-- :,rr .chocl ! People corne from, -. i,alts of America ancl the; r.,1 to visit it; and even if.: ,s onlv an American junior:-glt school, sre can be proucl of' ' fact that what gives it a. 'r1 is Italian artistic feeling.: rt:l'i has given the school;t'ir:h comprises some thous-'":r ls rrf stuclents) a character- =nontaneit_v ancl industr-v.,:1rr', insicle the school, is nat-. r r..1 llhc chilclren havc:rt1'n€d to mor'e about rvith-::e Brcl self-possession, with-',: fear of the instructor.:-r.im top to bottom the school- :." hr-nn to industr.v and au-- ,r, rtrl]-. tllhc stuc'lents x'orh--i:,r wood, rvith iron, rvith clay.;-il, marble ancl with rl'ir,e.T :tr draw ancl paint, thev:; l'\-e tlnd thev construct. And: r in play or in infantile pr.o_rtilns, but in earnest. Fr,om,* school's print-shop there is-- i. r'eal books clecorated with-' ,,rr'l-cuts ancl etchings, which-r ,:-rlcl clo honor to man-v artis-, irrinting piants.PLrhlic School 45 in theLil'onr (the schools here are:rrrrrlrered, like the streets) is..-:,t the school in New Yorkl-,,,.1 frequentetl for the teach--t-g of Italian. There are nowr':,i1111 a thousancl students tak-.rg eolLrses in ftalian, and inir e majority tliey are of ftalianorisin. This, it is understood,Angelo PatriN. \,. Etening po:t-Cotrrtc,tyents, very ofterr' har.e ner''erknorvn ltalian: that is to sav,at home the,v spoke a clialectrvhich, little by little, becamefillecl ri'ith forms borrowerlfrom English.A ntoNG tlLc variorrs irrstr.uc-I \ trr'.. all skilled, l'lro rleserYecreclit for having madeItalian popular in that school,there is one who cleserves to beremembered apar.t for an origirLalcreation of his. This isAntonio Calitri, who has thesoul of a poet ancl who is oneof the few who, from the lifeof Italian immigration, hasdrar.vn some expressions of realpoetry. But rvhat makes us recallhim at the present momentis his little newspaper, ,,Il67Convito," which is somethingso charming and so impregrratorlrvitlL tlre persona I spiritof its director, that one feelslike sa.ving: examine a numberfor yourself, it will be bettertJran m1. words. ,,Il Convito.,'rr'iil try to describe it, even-I though badly-is a miniaturt:newspaper for children, intorvhich Calitri transfuses hissoul of a teacher of Italian, thelanguage of a poetic and artisticcivilization. Through mvths,legencls and stories, he speaksto his chilclrerr. tr'rom his children,then, he selects competitivelytheir best rvorks, ureirpoetr;' (they succed even inwriting poetry, these little oriesso fal from Italy), and publishesit. And through tht-,chilclren it also reaches theparents. You must not trelievethat "fl Convito," .althouglrmade for and by chilclren, isnot reacl b.v adults; for example,I read it alwavs, antl Iwill not sa1. I have not learneclanvthing from it.To come back to Patri, whomI lefl by' llie wa;-side, I rnustadcl that his activities are notlimited to tiis orvn school alone.I{e is a director of schoolsancl families eyen outside of hishome. And this he is throughhis little s,vndicated arl,icles,l'lrieh he writes every day for, agroup of the most reputablenewspapers in the UnitedStates: that is, according tousage here, the same article ispublished simultaneously in aseries of dailies in iariousparts of the United States;(Continued on page Bg)

fw,:i,lI talian Or ganizationsThe ltalian Physiciansin New York Cityrf-UlE joint rrreeling, lrel,lI not long ago at the nelr-Columbus J iospita) inNew York City, of the Associationof Italian Phl sicians inAmerica, together with theBrookl,vn Italian Medical Societyancl the Bronx ItalianMedical Fraternity, lends timelinessto a consicleration of thehistory ancl accomplishmentsof these three Italian meclicalsocieties in Ner.r. York City. Itmight be mentioned in passingthat New York City has threesocieties of the kind, not becauseof dissension, but becauseof the clifferent rreecls ofthese localities.To begin with the n{anhattanorganization, it was in 1920that a group of 64 ph;.siciansof Italian extraction, throughthe efforts of Dr. Salvatore DiPalma, met at the Hotel l{etherlandsto discuss the formationof a new meclical societl'.At this time another societ"v,tlre Societd, Xledtca Italiatta,had been in existence since1898, but it had more to do withthe older ftalian practitioner,and not rvith the lrcunger Italian-Americangraduate. Aftera series of meetings the newsociety was formed, s'ith Dr.Michael Osnato as temporarychairman and Dr. P. F. Amorosoas secretary. Later Dr.Osnato was elected Presidentof the Association and Dr.Paolo De Yecchi, dean of ltalianphysicians in America, whodied recently, Chairman of theBoard of Governors.The month1,r. scientific meetingswere helcl in the olcl builclingof tlie Acaclem.v of }Iedicineon 43rc1 Street. The firstof these was held on Dec. 6tir.1920, with 86 members present.In the follorving year adinner l'as helcl at the Penns,vlvaniaHotel, and it constitutcdtlie first annual jointrneeting of the Societd, MeclicaI.talia'na, the Brooklyn XfedicalSociet,r-, and the Association itself.Close to 300 Italian ph1--sicians were present. The follorvingYear, on Jan. 4th, 1922,the Association held its firstannual dinner-dance at theBiltmore Hotel, and it \-as Agreat social success.QINCE its irrception tlre -\si--)sociatiori lras stea,lilrgrownand progressed. It isboth a meclical societ-r. ancl anItalian society. As the latestedition of its " Transactions "states in its foreword: "Racialpride ma-v be encouragecl, providedit serve us in good steadand help us in emulating thescientific zeal of our medicalpast, Our societ.v is an Associationof Italian physiciansand ph-vsicians of Italian originin Arnerica. Let no man den-yLrs the inalienable right tocherish the memorv ancl to honorthe names of those man.\:Italian celebrities that havc'aclded lustre to the annals ofmedicine. "At the presenl time the Associationnumbers some 200 activemembers and it is signifi-68cant that of this nLrmber, about75c/o have been educatecl andtrainecl in this country, the renraining2itc/r, Itavtne pursuecltheir education and studies inItal-1..The presiiient for the crurent1'ear is James V. Ricci,with Filippo Cassola, AngelolI. Sa1a, John M. Lord :rnc1Charles Perilli as vice presiclents,Hannibal De Bellis assecletr-Lrr- and Salvatore R.Scolza as tleasurer:. Its boarclof tlustees consists of XfichaelOsnato, ,\do1ph De Sanctis,Giuseppe Prer.itali, Gaston r\.Car'lucci anii Peter F. Amoroso.Sirrce the inception of theAssociatiorr a decade ago, thefollowing men have been itslrresidents : Michael Osnato,1921 and 1922; Salvatore DiPalma, 1923 anil 1924; GiuseppePrevitali, 1925 and1926; Antonio Stella, 1927 ;,\clolph De Sanctis, 7928; GastonA. Carlucci, 7929; andPeter F. Amoroso, 1930.The purpose of the Association,as outlined in its Constitution,is as follows:To unite in a scientificbody the members of theMedical Profession of ltalianorigin or descent inAmerica.To enhance tlieir standingin bhe American MeclicalCommunit.v.To acquaint members withone another in order to promotea feeling of good fel-Iorvship and solidarity.To introcluce a scientificiIllt,

THE ITALiAN PHYSICIANS IN NEW YORK CITY 69i:rl,':lrhele by encouraging:'-- rrrenbers to read before:-re society original papersi =rraining to medical strb-. +:ls. to present reviews of:-e llterature on any subject:'ri,serr, ancl to present in-:-r'rsting, unusual cases or.t tfinrens,Trr promote mutuai inter-::ts. especially in medicalrirttels affecting the Italian--Lrelican practitioner of:,. licine.T,r uphold the glorious.:'i'.,litions of Italian medi-,ne i.n the American Mediiel-lT-orld.To act as a medium of ex-: 'irnge of knowledge andl i,-'qress in medicine be--.Teen Italy and America.-1-EE ltalian Medical SoI eietr of Brookl;'n lrad its:-giir in 1916. At that timei rr'-'up of Italian phrrsiciansr-:r invited by Dr. Antonio>:atnrlo to his home to dis-:::: certain economic prob--=- :. which were soon settleil.-: ttren occurred to the group- 11: it ri-ould be appropriate.to:tirl't nrr Italian nfedical So--:t"-. \\'itlt themselr'es as a nu-'-;iis. for the purpose of pro-'-- 'iing the erection of an Ital--,:.:- Hospital in Brooklyn. Dr.-r-t{rnio Scaturro was desigt::itripresident, a constitution,'' i I'v-lanrs aclopted, and nul:,;:fi-rLlS mee,tingS Were iater-",,1. The entry of the UnitedStntes into the World War,-: rgrs1, deprived the Society- llariy members who enlisted,:,- i meetings were tliscon-. : lc(1.Tx 1920 the Society was re-: rqanized with the following: -rtI.To promote scientific, ecolomicand social advance-:r-ient among the Italian physiciansand those of ftaliantrtraetion in Brooklyn.To promote the erection ofar ftalian Hospital in Brooktrn.To encourag'e better understandingand relations betrveenmembers of the Societywith the rest of themedical fraternity in GreaterNew York.'Ihe new ofiicers for the reorganizeclSociet-v at that times.ere Gaetano de Yoanna, president;Calogero Giovinco, vicepresidenl;Mario Abbene, secretar;';and John B. D'Albora,treasurer. Only thirt,v ltalianphysicians were then members.Today there are over 175 actirrernembers.Among the milestones in thelife of the Society were 1925,when it issued its first annualrepolt, and 1928, when it publisheciits first "Transactions',.The latter ,vear was memorable,also, for the first yearl5joint meeting of the Italianlleclical Society of Brooklynand the Association of ftalianPh;'gi.im. in America, held i:rBrooklyn. The following yearthis event was also held inBrooklyn, but this year it washeld at the new Columbus Hospitaiin New York Ciiy. Thesejoint meetings constitute animportant step in the directionof the scientific and social aclvancementof the members ofthe urganizations concerned.The roster of the past presidentsof Ure Society foliows:Gaeiano de Yoanna, Ig20-21:Calogero Giovinco, Ig22; JoseplrManzella, 1923; JosephL,'Episcopo, 1921; John B:D'Albora, 1925; Frank Caponegro,1926; Paul C. Fleri,7927 ; Peter De Gaetano, 1g28;Mario Abbene, 1929; AnthonyW. M. Marino, 1930; and ErnestDe Muria, 1931. Dr. DeIfuria died recently and thepresent officers of the Societr.are Joseph Bruno, presiilent;Louis'Iaormina, secretary, andVincent Mazzola, treasurer.In the case of the BrooklvnSociety, the proportion otAmerican-trained physicians isgreater than that of the Manhattanorganization. Approximately90% of the mernbershave attended American collegesand medical schools.i*'l-f1Htr youneest of tlre threeI ftalian me,lical soeietiesis the Bronx Italian MbdicalFraternitv, which was formedin I924 b). a half-clozen enthu,siastic pii;'sicians: W. ,\. Cimilio,L. J. Ferrara, G. E. Milani,J. Martoccio, B. Pasquarelli,and Nicholas Sabella. Itsoriginal mem:ltership was buttwenty, a figure which hasgrowrr slowly but steadily tillnorv it is 54.These physicians are allItalian-American, and all havereceived their medical trainingin the United States. In thisrespect the Bronx society dif,fers slightl). from the Brooklynorganization, and still moreso from the Manhattan body.As stated in the Fraternity'sConstitution, its objects are:'1'o achieve harmony andgood fellowship among itsilembers.To encourage professiorralidealisrn and respect for theethical codes as formulateclby the American Medical Ass6ciation.To promote the social, economicand professionalstatus of the membership..To promote the buildingof an ftalian Ilospital in theBronx.From the very beginning thesocietl' began holding regularmonthly meetings, which, atfirst purely social in theirscope, later widened to includeesonomic and professionaltopics. They usually take placeat some neighborhood restau_rant, ancl are followed bv a collation.During the last twoyears these meetings have beenimproved by the reading ofscientific papers, which stimulateinterest and provoke discussion.Like the other two societies,the Bronx organizationhoids an annual dinner-dance,(Continued. on page 90)

t{iThe P ort oRomeOstia, Ancient and ModernBy Arnaldo CervesatoHE Ostia tramway is alreac'lvat the heiglrt of itssummer business. Evetycar that leaves the San PaoloStation is crou''ded to capacity,and in half an hour (its regularclty run), it takes one to theother end of the 1ine, overlookingthe glittering TyrrhenianSea, as though to show you thatthe sea is only within a stone'sthrow of Rome. And further'-more the trip, r,ith the exceptionof brief stretches, is bothurban and suburban. In thezone outside of Porta SanPaolo, which today i.s full offactories ancl markets, newhomes extend row on row forseveral miles.The National Governmenthas ordered that the Via Ostiense,which was formeri-vRome's eommunication with itsoYerseas dominions and whichin ancient tirnes used to becrowded rvith the gardens ofRoman patricians and financierswho were willing to paydearly for a little garden onthe banks of the Tiber, shallrise to a new life.ft is at the end of this roaiithat a modern Ostia is comingto life, side by side with ancientOstia. The poor villages isolatedin the marshes have becomea prosperous, Iuxuriouscity of villas; already toda-1. i1is one of the fashionable resorts,and tomoruow it will becomell,ome's port; in expectationof which event, Italy'sfleet recentiy lined up at themouth of the Tiber.The pioneers of its rebirth,from Paolo Orland to the tenaciousplanter Bazzini, ma)'consider themselves as welisatisfied.As a spur to future greatness,anil as a remembrance ofits nast greatness, the remainsof the ancient Ostia, the " emporinmof Rome," loom withinsight of the nerv and elegantbuildings of modern Ostia.The trip to Ostia is both educationaland pleasurable. Forthe living histor5' of ancientRome rises from the contemplationof these ruins, as frornthose of the I'orum, better thanfrom the pages of two dozenttolumes.Ostia was founded, about thethird century before Christ, formilitary purposes and for thedomination of the l\fediterranean.From its port Romangalleys went forth, directedagainst Carthage; we knowthat it n'as from Ostia thatScipio left for the conquest ofSpain.When the Mediterranean becamea ttRoman lake," Ostiaacquired its prer.ailingly comrnercialaspect, and became theartery through which therecame to Rome the grains, theoils, the wines, ancl the marblesof Eg.t'pt, Cyrenaica, I-.,ibya,Numidia and Mauritania. Thesuppl5' of grain was' as a matterof fact, the main reason forthe existence of the Romanmercantile fleet.'-I-FIE citv was sacred at tlroI ti*" oi tl'" firsl landing ofAeneas; there the Dioscuri, theguardian gods of Rome, wereheld in high worship.Today, tire great skeleton ofthe dead ci[., left out on the70line of a desoiate and splendidhorizon, is rising siowly fromthe ground and is daily becomitgfuller, more visible andmore salient.Here is the main gate of thecitl (on the right of themetropolis) built with tufa inthe Republican age, and withmarbie under the Empire.It used to open into thed,ecuma,no, amagnificentstraight road, long, bustlingand adorned on the right withluxurions two-story porticosand rvith stores of all kinds.These porticos used to lead tothe Palestra and to the Thermae,where there still appearin their magnifieence and in afair state of preservation themosaics of the waiting roomsand of the heating arrangement.Ostia indeed used tohave a heating system comparableto our modern radiators,for it had severai many-storiedIrouses.Today the remains of porticos,statues, tablets and fragmentsemerge from the groundand unite, mutilated and transfigured,to form a gigantic andfragmentary collection: a collectionwhich time has madealmost unreal and pure.Behind the Forum there liesthe Theatre. ft was built at thetime of Agrippa, restored byAdrianus, entirely rebuilt untlerSeptimus Severus andCaracalla and then again restoredunder Onorius. Anotherspace is occupied by the Forumof Yulcan, which was surroundedon three sides by aportico of eolumns; the greattemple dedicated to Vulcan

mi-::s ll'oln the grouncl, irr- , :t]'ltLtuious architecture.- - t',-iar.l near the temple: t,-| the ancient Portar :r,iiua, where orre can see:'--lains of the , ,X{etloon,'- :r,eeting' square of the': -i I )stians) ancl of the. " l-ielcl, Jtefore the ternple=-,,.. lYinding through the.-r,s of the buildings be--.r, tiie 'lemple of \rulcan; : .. Iiber, a road leads to: - rlr:l'lll&e; Orre can Still reC-.f iitere the caliclarium and.,r.mming pool.OSTIA, ANCIENT AND N,TODERN71ET\l-trllN the temple and:-re rir.er there lics thel rlial palace, " adornecl;, . slanite Corinthian col-- -s. At first it was thought' ..; tlese- ruirrs were those of. Theruiae; but the inscrip-- -,: discovered later proved:.., tile-Y belonged to the im-.rlr,.l palace of Commodius.;=:-. one may find manV nota-. ilosaics, especiall-1- one- ,,,:l represents a lab,vrinth.-, the west of the palace can. seen the remains of the Ar--*:-al (Navalia) built by Caius-.I i.,ri.ris, praetor of Ostia ;:-,-rlce, through other ruins,r : c&n get to the "emporium"' -",r'e there still remains uir-: -,:hed a room containing- :ne large jars, half buried in,.. ground.Tacitus tells us that Ostiai-r' Nero was populous and:-:lr. It must certainl;' hays':El a very busv town, for-'.,.-ailable inscriptions recall-.r:lrrrerous guilds among shipi, llet-i (" domini navium,'),-.:-,1 mariners-guilds which in:,-e fourth centurl- becameSrial institutions.Towards the -vear 450 A.D.r.tia reached its greatest. ,,rv: its population attained: .t)00 ; it was celebrated as a' ' lnoenissima civitas " (veryrt-ightful city) ; and the villas-r, its vicinity were used:;r'undantly by the Romans.Ti,e inscriptions recall twomembers of the Gamala famill',lr.ho became famous for their.munificence, for they offeredthe people exceptional gladiatorialperformances I the;. gavehim a banquet of 200 triclini;the;' paved streets and restorecltemples. Also thel' erected amarble Tribunal in the Forum,and remade the Arsenal andthe Antonian Thermae, whichhad been destroyed b;'fire.I f / ITH the decarlence ofVY Ro*", Ostia also dierlslowly. Commerce withered,the citizenry emigrated, piracybegan to spread. It was thelatter which finall,r' gave thecity its death blow, by terrorizingits citizens. All workstopped, and all its splendorswere buried for many centuries.Such are the rerniniscencesand the comparisons whicharise from the white skeletonsof the ruins of Ostia.Here, the steamship companiesof the great ports of theEast and JVest, of Marseilles,S-vracuse, the Piraeus, Alexan,dria and Byzantium had theirships, docks and maritimeinsurance companies. Man,vtestimonials remain, especiallyin epigraphs, of these corporationsand their corrunerce.In a large square of the citS'a very important artistic discoverywas made a few yearsAn Airplane View ol Ostiaago: a great statue of \,'ictor),was brought to light.'fl H IS lalge statue is ofI marlrlc. Tlre large goddessis clothed in a rich and longmantle which reaches to theground; the helmet has threecrests; she holds with her righthand the shield leaning on theground. Two majestic wingsco\rer the sides of the columnrvhich forms the rear of thestatue. The left arm, nowmissing, must have been liftedin the act of handing a wreath.This statue, discovered onRomarr ground, must have beenRoman, for its workmanshipis Roman. ft may be attributedto the second half of the firstcentury (and perhaps to thelirst few -years of the secondcentury of our era) yet the conceptionand the style of thework are not Roman, butGreek.This is the statue the imageof whicli will be the coat ofarms of the new Ostia. Thusthe noble " Ostian Victory, "rising from the earth at theopportune time, becomes thes)'mbol and the omen of modernOstia, which is destined,like ancient Ostia, to becomenot only the t'Amoena civitas"of ancient times, but also thegreat and real port of FascistRome.

IlrSelections FromTHE DOCTORS AROUND CERMANY_ ( Alberto de, Stefani, lornter ltalian Ministe,r oIF_ir1gnge, u.rotp the follou.itig editori,at lii ni-';i'"rri"ildella Sera'e of Milan', in its !"une 26th isiue.)ER\{ANY'S sickness haslasted for almost 13 years,thing of the fantastic about it.After four lears of rvar came itsundoing: the loss of territories andcoionies, men and lvealth : the convulsiveformation of a neu' politicalorder; tl.re uncertainties of the national_conscience ; the collapse ofthe old mark and the creation ofthe ner,r- mark: the recurring onusof reparations; and the burden ofinterest and amortization on f oreigntlebts. 1t is a political. rnoral,cconomic and finarrcial crisis.Much time has passed duringrvhich man1. people have been askingwhat Ciermany's sickness is,rvhat is its gravitl', rvhat are theprognostications that can be madeconcerning its duration and u,hatare its conseqllences on the healthof the u'orid. But there is anotherquestion that is greater than ail theothers, ,a query that comes spontaneously:r'r,hether Germany'J infirmitiesare more serious and\vorthy. of special care in comprr-isonrvith thc inhrmities ofothel countries. And here we arehesitant in ansrvering. A glance atGreat Britain leadi us io somcserious reflections. Even she isaffected by poll'erful historicaltrends that are undermining thepremises of her Rreatness. Not alost ryar. but a vait fer.merrl oi neu.economies, of autonomous tendencies.Elser,vhere, as in German-,,and in the United Kingclom n e haviunfavorabie balances'in the privateand public.economy. uncmplol merrt.tne pr.ecarlorrs condition of agricrrl_ture. industry and commurricaliousas u'ell as State and local public or._ganizations. It is enough'to nameauy country in the u.orld in order1: hll-.. an example oi this, fromthe.. Unitecl Stales ro India, fromIndia to Australia.And yet the doctors are all gath_ered around Germany, as thZughthere \vere no other sick ones,u'hereas the l,vhole world is sick.And,.i1 is thought that German/icondttton must be very serious - ifshc. needs such speciil attention.I hrs ,mrrst be so. peopie sa1-. altllorlgntt ts llot so eas)- to iut.nr afirm convicrion in the nratter. Sick.1es. but no more sick ihan rhe othersin its economic structure, in itse-cluilibriunr betn'een cost oi pro_duction and selling price, in'-ii,commcrrial possibilTties u".f por;_tlolt. I ol Gerrrrari economic" ljleappears to have, {rorn manl. pointsof vicn'. a great.: r elast ie ir ,' ,ii""that of othcr countries, inilu..linpthe United Siates todar-. ,na ."1tainly than that of Gre;t Britai;.We are alwavs looking for a reasonrvh1'. r-hich g.tr..il ment u'ith uniform " criteriJ "pp;;;; fromall countries does not give us. Itis useiess to quote si.tistics : somanv of them have been given forunemplol-msnt, bank failures. ancllorelgn commerce that evertroneknorvs approximatell, that thingsn_olre trvorse, in this respect, thinin other countries. And' for lacltof a more concrete answer rve takerefuge in the political and financialps1'cho1og1': in the imponderableclements of faith and diitrust. anrlbehind them, in the confusetj movementsof the communists and the"Steel llelmets."And yet the specific form of theGe.rm.a1 malady, which has provokedthe intervention of the presidentof the LTnited States, is notdifficult ro diagnose. It is nur thefirst time that the LTnited States hasconcerned itself u'ith it. The tivoplans ior the pa1'rnent oi r.eparations.a.lihough thel- were not signedor rarified by rhe Unitcd SiaresGorernment, bear the names oi trvoAmerican citizens, Dawes anclYoung. rvho are today invested bvtheir CovcrnmenI with the func'-tions of representatives. The UnitedStates has never shorvn a lack72a duration nhich has someofintere.st in reparations arrang.ements,either in 1921, in 1930, ortodal'.It u.as not a matter of inc1i1{erenceto her, as it is not a matter- ofindilTerence to her nor'. that thebalancc of lor.cign pr\ rncltts abroarlon the palt ot Ucrnrarrr u orrld ailorvthese transfers on accortnt of larr-eparations.There is airvays a balance in pa1"_lxents. If it r,vere not so, the'bai_ance of trade and of economic loalsrvorrld even themselves, eithcr bvthe renurrciarion oi debts, th. sal'eof securities or the transfer of goldand appreciated currencies. '' Inorder ior Cerurarrl tn bear rhe burdenoi the pa1 nrerrt atrtl thc rrans_f er ol lcparalious jn a nnrmal rrran_ncr.,.it is rrecessarl-rhat tlrc ior.eigrrcre' llls f ur the saie of goods andfor ordinar-1- economic &eaits e,-_ceed_ the debts for tfr. pu..f.ur."otg..'odsand ioarrs b1- at jeast u ,u*cquat 1o tlraL necessary for tlreservice of r-eparations.- Xforeover, alongside of the itemtor reparations, there is anothergreat iten-r. the interest and amorti_zati9tt of clebts contracted, especiai_1), in the United States,'thi pro_ceecls of rvhich Germanr, has^ al_readl- used. and r-rot a.lu,a)ls for pro_cluctive ends.. ()n tht.passivc part of Gernran\.sb_aiance oi pa) ments, therefore.there rr cigh not onl). the repara_tions. brrr :ilso the iervice oi rheforeign loans, rvhose reglllarity i11-tercsts especially the creJitor corrrr_trres. The amoun:s rrecessary forthis. service can be "pprui.e.i "rr_nually, always u-!th, gieat approxi_matron, to about iralf of the innuitiesnorv owed on account oi i.p"r_ations.. Thjs is u,h), the financial situa_li"t, ii Ccrminy is ioilorved,"iailrcularlyb_v llre creditor courrtries,\\'t111 anxlolrs altenlion, and rvhvthel- are verl- attenliv. to tf.. .o,;_srstencl-. 1o the decrease of the re_scrves of.gold and appreciated currenclesr llch represent the guaran_tee. of the fiduciary and lega'i ciriu_ranon. A postp-on_ement of reparalronspayments lightens the passivepart of the balance of payments andeliminates worry as to tire p;;ibil_

he ltalian Pressr . - :ransferring the interest and-.-.; ia:l,irItzation of the debts con--::.i abroad. It is a sacrifice' . ,:: rrir-ate finance asks of public.:-.r:--l- in the creditor States on: - , ',i:1t of debts and ll'ar repara--. _ t_a.-r,rl proposal that puts to flight-:-:r.xieries that nrighr be occe-:. ::4,-: bv German cllrt:encv. even if-. :.bit! ancl credits are not arith-metically balanced, and if the sacrificesare not equally borne, deservesto be favorably received. No betterappraisal of the plan could havebeen made than that contained inthe reply of the head of the Italian(lovernment to the President ofthe United States.It is, horvever, desirable that privateflnancial forces, in the interestof u.orld economic stability, succeedin persuading their respective Governmentsof the opportunity for revierving,in a nerv and more enlightenedspirit, the whole problemof inter-allied debts and reparations,u,hich has been such a sad experience,in spite of the opportunebut at that time unheeded u,arningsof instinctive Italian rvisdom.a)HE diagnosis of the profounddisease that is tormentingthe continent is be-. nring to be established. Poiitical,!:-,nomic and psychological factors,, t uniting and contributing toward: aking the situation grave and dif-::ult. but day by day the major:auses of the straitened circum-::ances that are troubling the life of:.",ples and continents are being'-i:lined and isolated.\\-or-ld opinion is nou, convinced.::at the situation cannot be solved:: ne do not immediately begin to. -,lve the problem of armaments.\\-hiie political, economic and:,slchologicai factors contribute and:"nspire to aggravate the situation,::.Le problem of armaments contains:re deterrnining motives of the:rree different aspects of the crisis.Errt it is not enough to examine the::obIem only f rom the viewpoint of::1e financial burden and r,vaster.,'hich the present state of arma-::ents conduces, because it n'ouldi,e at least an excess of optimism tol,elieve that with a feu' billions in.,:onomies realized in the militaryudgets of the various nations it,'.,-ould be possible to solve the crisis,,,: to attenuate, alone, the profound:11-being that has fastened itself:rpon the life of the world's peoples.DISARM FIRST !.,--(The lollouing editorial, by Lido Caiani, appeared in'(ll Popolo d)Italia' ol Llil,an on lune 72th. -fhis newspape!is edited by Arnaldo Mussolimi, brother of the ItaIianPremier,)Ileanrvhile armaments. at thehigh and costl1: lsysl at 1r'hich theyhave been carried, are not necessarvand thev represent "tretror*or1error in proportion, both as to theeconomic and financial capabilitiesof the nations and as to the doubtfulconsistencl. of a danger, andstill more so irr cL,nsideration o{ thcpolitical, judicial and moral guaranteeso{ the tvhole organizalion ofthe peace-the pacts, agreementsand international conventions concludedfor the sole purpose of makingmore and more difficult armedconflict among civilized nations.A rrnaments theref ore constilutea menace and a danger, not a guaranteefor the peace of the u-orid.The highest level of armaments cannever assure those conditions of se.curity necessary to bring about thedispelling oi the apprehensiorrs, rheuncertainties, the rancors, thethreats and the fears that r,r'eighheavily upon the economic activityof the nations.It is necessary to begin by renouncingthe right of might and bylaying the foundations of that inteinationalunity which today is onlyproclaimed in the clauses and codicilsof the treaties of peace, whichwill remain nullified and inefficaciousso long as they are in illogicala./Jcontrast to arrlaments preservecl upto their highest expression of pouer,cost and threat. It is necessarvto re-establish moral, poiitical andeconomic equilibrium among thenations, hitherto disturbed bi, theexisiencr. oi the present anr,1,,,r.,,,armaments.If the American statesmen u-hcrare coming across the Atlantic totake personai stocl< themselves ofthe economie and political conditionsof Europe are. as it is said,possessed of this f ormula, or ifthel' ar^e disposecl to reaTize its logicand efficac,r. it is possihle thai ;rrt'medl lol the man; iils of the corrtinentr,r ill be found and applied.The new conception thlt seemsto prevail today in connection rvitlrloans and disar-mament in Englan,land the United States finds i pertect_complementin the policies ofthe l-ascist Government ind in theattitude of lraly. F'avorable to asradical a limitation as possible ofarmaments on condition that hero\vn are not inferior to those possessedby the more strongly arhedFuropean powers, Italy does nothelieve that the policy of loans canbring reai relief to'the corrntriesr'r.hose economic life is devastated.or rvho find themselves in seriousdifficulties as a result of the present.economicand political situatiorr1n the contlnent.Loans do not solve the complexproblems of the economy and productionof specific countries, but,under ce_rtain aspects, they aggravateand complicate them. Thet,are almost always superficial reme-

7+ATLANTICA, AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, Ig31dies and sometimes they are an encouragementand an incentive forcontinuing in a political directioncontrary to thc general harmonyand intcrests oi J:urr,.'pc.The Fascist Government. while ituphoJds.the necessity of reducingand limiting a.maments, is unclerltaking treaties and concludingagreements rvith the governmentsoF neighboring and distant counrriesin order to bring about the ex-cnange of goods and products thatare complementary to orlr economyand to that of rhe contracring countries,thereby supplying the elementsessential to the recovery and theconsolidation of the economic prosperityof the continent. And ifltaly fias need of contracting a loan,she seeks the credit and the -olr""1from Italians, -rvho sr-rpply it in 'ameasure over and above her needsand requests.aaThe method, the example and theexperience of Italy therefore constitutea worthr,r'hiie contribution tothe deveiopment of the deiicate andextremely interesting phase that isbeginning n,ith the convocation ofthe general conference for disarmament,u,ith the meeting of the Britishand German ministers, and withthe trip ot Stimson and l\,Iellonthrough E,urope.aaITALIANS BECIN TO AMOUNT TOSOMETHINC IN NEW YORK POLITICS., (T\. tollowing editorial by Luigi Barzini, Editorthe'"Corriereofd,Ameriea, ol Nel.lo y-ork, trans[akcl in tiitlrom its orisinal-;;;";r;;.t;iltalianr'is takenIuIy 79th.)t;;;TF19 .ele_ction of Albert J.I Marinelli as Tammany leadter of the Second AssemblvDistrict in New York-which hashit}erto been a stronghold of Irishpolitics-is a- sign of i new recognitionof the electoral strength of iheItalian-Americans in the detropolis.The Italian-A m e r i c a n s'havegrown in numbers and have becomeone-seventh of irlerv york City'sTHE HARLEM TRACEDY, Taleen 119r".4" August I,st issue o! '|il Progre,sso ltctlo-4^:r!?"":" ol New York, the -following edilo;ial, iy i;;"C. h'alb-o, is a replv to those who haae iritirizeet thei,sicilianuall ol silence" uhich folloued. the Har,lem tr"geiy.OSA Bevilac.qua,_t!r9 mother Or, if it pleases you more, the uni_of one of the children vic- versal code..a L tims of the Harlem slaughter,_when questioned- No one speaks, because, if we areby the pcliie. dealing rvirh gangs, oi 'whatevcrsaid she did not see the gangsters race, ths rule is silence; and if lvewho did it, nor even the auiomobile are dealing with honest people, allwhence the shots came. And she of them, more or less, pre?er toadded that none of those who had keep, quiet, in viern' of possible recrimination.seen. and know, would enlightenJustice, for fear that later sodeorr"of the familv . All .too.often,might especialll.of late,be assassinatecl there has been talk of muidered injln.vengeance.formants, of "dangerous witnesses',No one speaks. This is the who have disappeared before orSicilian code, the New yorl< during a trial-disappeareil, that is,World-Telegram comments bitterly.punity of the murderers. Is it anvsuppressed-rvith the relative imi. .Bu-t everyone knows, instead, that u-onder. then. that people should b'ethis is, today. the American code. overwhelmed by seiious doubtspopulation ; they have.risen worthiiyin the social scale; they have progressedcontinually by- acquiringprestrge, respect and wealththrough their industry and theirvirtues : but in the mitter of particip-ationin public life they haveso far been held back, neglected,consideled only as a docilJ groupof electors who can be commindedabout u'ithout necessarily concedingu'hen it is a matter of accusing oneor more criminals ? And as thbughthe f ear of witnesses were notenough, one must also take into ac_count the fear of some jurymen.Thus the police are impotent tomakc arresls, or. if they do arrest,justice is impotent to senlencc thecuiprits.To provide distinctions of race orcolor for this, which is a general_ized .stateof mind. is to girft proofof blind atrachment to 6td preju_dices, and of absolute incompi.ehinsionof truth and reality. 'Si.ili"r,"silence" is just the like the .,si_lence".of the Jews, Irish, Germanor ( hrnese; the reticence of wit_nesses and. the prudence of jurymenare the direct consequence o'f theindonritable extortion of the under_world. rendered brazen ever sincethe easy wealth olTered it bv oro_hibition has given gang leadeis'andIollowers the abili11. io pay theirrveight in gold for immunity.them. anything but a few minorposttlons.-Their present power amounts to600,000 votes in the State of NewYorlr, of rvhich 390,000 are i, N;;Jork ('ity . .alone. This signifiesthat thc citizens of Italian "orisincan be. if they are united, the de?srve element in electoral battles., Tammany Hall has always beenable to make appointments on thebasis oi the discipline and the loval_ty of the Ttalian-Americans. whi"hthe porr erfrrl Democrat;. orgrnir;_tio-n has been able to marshilfully. skil-Rut Tammany is of trishorigin. and it has pres'erved its Irishcharacter. This has given the lrisha recognrzed predominance in polit_rcal careers. There is a historicalreason for this. The lrish were

SELtrCTIONS FROM THE ITALIANPRESS 75precedented event of an Italianplaced at the head of a TammanvDistrict organizarion. A ttistrictleader does not necessariiy have tobe a great personality. ile is responsibiefor the voies under hisjulisdiction, and what he must do toassure himself of these is verr. oftenquestionable. Party organirarionbeing u hat it is, he can only ruleby. means of favors, protection,p.rivileges, immunities and impositions.The offrce needs a man rvholinorvs horv to use these methods.A district leader is a man whosepower is exercised behind thescenes. He recommencls appointmentsand candidacies; he is a secretsuggester in the distribution ofpositions, offtces and functions. Thefact that an Italian, for the firsttime, has reached this high positionof political manipulation is a goodbeginning. But it is not enough.The ltalians have a riglrr to rnuchmore. Anci they will obtain itrvhen thel-have a full consciousnessof their strength-and knorv how toremain united.athe l-irst arrivals. A century agothey already constituted the immensemajority of the immigrationof the time. In their politicai organizationsthe ner,v arrivals r,vereable to assume positions of commandoniy when the strength oftheir numbers and their l,vill madeit dangerous to exclude them.No one ever has anything if henever desires anything. The Italians.divided. undirecterl and led b1'petty leaders into differences amongthenrselves, u ere easill' manetrveredby Tammany 1r'ithout adequaterecompense. They could not. the)'dicl not ltnorv horv to ask for anr:-thing. This nervspaper has oftinprotested against the injustice doneto the Italian element, rich in )oungability, to tvhom but a few ciumbirvere throtvn from the sumptuouspolitical dinner tables of the otherraces.Non- the ltalians are beginning tomake thernselves heard. -The 6conomic.depression,so keenly felt bythem, is giving voice to their disconlent.Among ltalian n-orkers unemploymentis enormous. I t exceedssixty per cent. The Italian-Americans are asking themselvesrvhy they should be the ones mostsacrificed; rvhy they are not protectecl;lr,hy they should continue tostrengthen, r'vith their votes, a partyorganization rvhich, in time of need,relegates the Italians to the end ofthe line.In manl' districts in Nerv YorkItalian-Americans constitute thestrongest ethnical nucleus. In theNineteenth and the Tr,ventieth AsscmblyDistricts ( Harlem) therelives the most numerous Italian colonyin the United States. In theSecond Assembly District the Italiansare in the majority. In theFirst Assembly District they constitute40 per cent of the population,r,vhile the lrish contribute only 20per cent. ln nine districts -1theFirst, the Second, the Sixth, theEighth, the Tr,velfth, the Fourteenth,the Sixteenth, the Eighteenthand the Twentieth) the Italianvote holds the balance'of power.Victory lies on the side'to i,r'hiih thisvote is thror'vn.This situation explains the unaOR quite a while we havebeen encountering, fromtime to time, outslde ofTtaly,.some signs of an acceptance,conscious or unconscious, of ourconceptions concerning the Stateand its present-day problems. Norn'rhe usefulness of collaborationamong the economic categories, and:he opportunity for conciliation oi'nrerests. is being admitted ; no\l.:he necessity on the part of the:tate of coordinating, regulatingand governing even the eionomii.:fe is being recognized. Our lessrthodox conceptions, too scandal-':s f or the average E,uropean men-:alirr. _n-hich laughs sceplicalll- or. ,,.'ks dou'n on them. are coming lo:hc surf ace here and there now.:iside of Italy, as though the.t:::c original. very new. or pointed.. :,.rdini to the iircumstances. lts evident that the pressure ofEXPORT ARTICLEThe reoiew ''Critica Fascistat, ol Rome carriedo in itsissue of lwly Tsto the lollowing eilitorialo in which thePlint is _rnad.e that some ol the basic iileas ol Fascisrn,which Nlussolini has declaied, is not an ftartiile lor expolt?"_are being adopted. abroad as though they areoriginal.necessity.and the gravity of presentproblems are such that simple commonsense suggests criticism. andthis makes people recall the thingsthat have been read concerning the"outlandish" ideas oI Signor Mussolini,inho desires to modify "thenatural order of things", ideaswhich. however. basicalll wouldturn out rather well in this or thatconcrete case.Lately, for example, a Frenchman,Lucien Corpechot, has becomea\4rare of a "crisis of authoritv.""All those rvho reflect," he sa'ys,"are more or less agreed that civilizationis badly governed. Thosespirits born to govern are becomingrarer. u'hile delibcrations and corrncilsare being multiplied. Thuseverything lvorks toward r,veakeningand limiting the action of governments,lvhereas, with the interestof the people beconring moreand more complicated day by day,this action should become steadilystronger and more extended."Everyone desires order, but,rvith everyone loving freedom, lifelittle by little becomes impossible ifthere is lacking an authority capableof having the general interestprevail over special acts." The accidentsthat occur in the streets ofParis, or the catastrophe of St.Philibert, are a sign, according toCorpechot, that the authority of theState is not respected or does notmake itself respected, lacking thenecessary sanctions."fn the rain of concessions," hegoes on to say, "'uvhich all the powersare making among themselves,the essential notion is disappearingthat in the social life it is necessarrlto punish more than to recompens6.There is an element of decadencein the weakening of authority. Thecrime of the demagogues is that o{having marie of the word 'republic'the synonym fol a diminutionof authority."This is a recognition that is ratherinteresting, considering itssource; cven if it is a bit ingenuous.For the authoritv of theState does not consist "simplv inpunishing. I\tror can it be said that

76 ATLANTICA, AUGUST-SEPTEX'IBER, 1931ttre State has authority and reallygoverns. simply because of the factihat a certain number of thingsapplicationso f the lau s, publicctt'.-thr-rugh thel' ma1 be"i'lvices,a majolit; oi things. go rrel1. l.fthe problcnr l-et'e 'in these terms. 1tn o.rid h"ue been solved bv themailed fist of military dictatorship.The failure of the latter reveals,instead. that it is rrot a matter o{app11-ing the lnu s. but of providirrgneir- lau s. because tlre social arrdpolitical r-ealitl' has been changed.- To desire a more lively Presenceof the State as an authoritv thatpunishes and makes itseli resilccted,is a critical point of deParture:it is {rom just this charge of theliberal State that Fascism has departed.Af ter ten 1'ears, in France,it"rey repeat this accusation. InNaples people u,ouid sav, "I-assafa' a Diol" (Leave it to God!).Ther, u'ill arrive at that stage thernseivls.Thc,v ivili become awarethat the authority of the State, substantialll, means resPonse to theprofound necessities of the people,of r-hictr the State, substantiallv, isthe expression; that, in otherlr-ords, it is a comprehcnsion oithese exigencies and the organizationof the elements necessar)- tosatisfy these exigencies, and thus asubordination of individual rvillsfor an amicable end and necessity,l'ithout being chained bf ideolog'icalprej udices.At any rate, \rre cannot but bepleased \rrhen n e see that certainrealities. the realities on rvhich ouroriginal Stz1te s)'stem is bascd, arerecognizecl even u,here. so far.erilieisnr end la.'lr oi recognitionhave been most bitter. But rr-ehas not prevented the "EveningPost" frour u-riting: ". . true itis that u-e have in our midst thissouthern Italian terrorism. . ."Ignorance. bad faith, an absolutelack of that journalistic probitl'n-hich gives to him r,r-ho rvrites forthe pu61ic a sense of responsibilitvand imposes upon him the dutY ofpossessing that serene objectivit,vivhich. before being a sign of respectfor others. is a sign of respectfol one's self.The editorial t,riter of the "EveningPost" is evidently destitute o{tlris elementary' r'ir1tte.Tt t-ou1d therefor:e have no rightto our attention, if it lr'ere not thatthe dutl ialls upon us of defendingollr name against everl thing andeverybodl-. r,r'ith that spirited indigshoulclbe on guard against a danger,rrhich rvoul.l add insult to theI"iLrry r',hich the obstinate lack ofreiogiriiion brings trs: the dangerthat our ideas lvill be circulatedthroughout the rvorld n ith a Frenchlabel or that oi some other country,and that they li ill try to re-enterltaly u ith these labels. as it happerrsu iih Borsalirro hats or thel'oolens of Irrato.Bottai. at Padua. reccntllr 52id ;". . . . thanks to }Iussolini, rve havebeen the interpreters of a universalmovement; u,e had the distinctionin 1926 of unclerstanding and placingourselr-es in the van aloug aco.t.se n'hich all the cottntries oIthe t-orid. through different namesand designations, are preparing toiollor'. \o'r ihen, it is necessarvthat l'e. u-ho have been the first,do not become the 1ast."aoSOUTHERN ITALIAN''TERRORISM,,The lollowing editorial concerning thc re'cent Harlemchilil muriler bly gangsters is translated llom-yh2 AugustIst issue ol o'll'n6heitno della Sera" ol ltlew York,E l-ravc alreacly had our saYarrd ex1'rq.5ed ortr indiglrationover the Harlern tragedy.An incredible outburst of themost ferocious kincl of criminality,it is otheru,ise perfectly placed inthe general picture of crime thatflaunis its dark colors in ur-rlimiteclsrvay, and i,r'hich it is impossible toidentifl' through ethical ciraracteristics.\\ riting a ieu dal's ago in thcse*ame colJnrns nn the crime that isevident here today, rve said that itis a phenomenon common to allcountiies of great urban develoPment,and thai this same urban development-atypical manifestationof contemporary civilization-is thegerm of greatest contagion arr.l oldeepest dissolutiorr. 1t is thc majorcauie, in other r'vords, the determinantof all criminal manifestations.The criminality of r,vhich theHarlem tragedy is but one episode'r'vorse than the othels only becauseof the innocent victims it took, islike a monstrous flou'er rvhich canbe had only in certain soils at ahigh temperature. such a one as canbe found in an immense urban centerlike Nen' York, ll'here racesfrom all over the rn'orld cross andmix and end up by not having an1'longel either ph1-siognom\- or na1-ne.A11 this, hou-ever. has not Preventeda conf rdr-e of ours' the "\eivYork Evening Post." irom settingup an jgnohle. anti-l taliarr speculatibnconierrring the HarleLn trxged)'.bringing to the clignitl- oi the editoriJlpage an inf arrr- that is anofiense to Ita1l- and to t1-re Italiansin this countr\-.-f he oolice har c not r et itltrrtifiedtlr. crimirrals. tto clltr'is pussessedto even hint at a certaintl', yet thislration l'hich t e derive f rom theclear knol-1edge of drarving ourorigin-indisputable and the mostnoble-f rom a great Nation, rvhich,a leader in ali things beautiful andgreat. has never been a leader incrlme.This is a privilege and a leadershiprvhich u-e leave to countries ofa flesher and less me11ou' civilization.\\'e are speaking for ltalY andfor the Italians in America, rvho,against er-ery sad attempt at defamat]onand diminution..have inscribedtheir history in a sublime Poem ofinclustry and honestl', the splendorsof whiih are the diadem that decoratesthe forehead of even ourmost humble immigrant.We are speaking for t1-rat "Southof Italv" nfiich, while it is desiredto be ior some Americans a discriminatorygeographical bounrla 11-,is instead a hlstorical reality of Italiannational unity, which does notadmit of territorial demarcationsand rvhich, in those verY sectionsof the \' ezzogiorno and the Islands,possess a precious and inexhaustibletese.rre of material rn'-ealth andmoral energy.Let us send back to school the"l:vening losl ." u ith its writers oftlre nimble pen and light conscience :let us sendthem back to school sothat they t'i1l learn evervthing andcease to offend, r-ith their levityand their ignorance, American journalism.rvhich has such noble traditionsof u,isdom and honesty'

SELECTIONS FRO\,{ THE ITALIA\ PRESS77HOW ABOUT SECRECATION ?(The editorial that lollows w.as contairted in the luly77th issue ol 'oThe ltalian Echo" ol Rhode Island., pub.lished in Prouidence. lt was toritten by Alexand,er Bctilacqud,its editor.)T T \ Ot'Llr be irrteresting arrd.I possibil . illuminatirrg 1o haveI a debatc belween representativeso{ the trvo streams of thoughtr,vhich now pervade the Itaiian-American communities. There existnon, turo schools, each with its staluartchampion: the segregationistsand the anti-segregationists. Atevery opportunitl' we are haranguedh1' one or another of those u ho professto represent one or another ofthe schools. "Belr,are of too muchsegregation" cries one. "Let usband together as Italians !" sat-s another.Between the tw-o, thousandsare shunted back and forth notknorving rvhich u,ay to turn to finda real leader, one r,vho sha1l inspirethem w-ith the rvil1 to go on alongthe road to ultimate triumphantassertion.Segregation in the sense thatforeigners establish a closed colonyrvhich forbids entirelv- traffic r,vitholher racial elements is hardly possiblein a countrl' u,'l-rere settlemintschange with so Luch rapidity. Inorder actually to have segregationother races \\nllld have to be bor--cotted and othenvise ignored.There has to be a consciously directedeflort to have seglegeiion.If this condition obtained-unconsciously-inAmerica during thehalcl'on dal-s of immigration it r-asbrought about entirely by the hostileenvironment, accentuated by theclash of strange tongues and customs.What would have become ofthose gror,rps if they had not settledtogether in settlements as did theearly Pilgrims in stockades ?It is not entirely fair to brandeverl'ltalian organization as an efforttor,vard segregation. Organizationis a means to an end. Theend is acceptance, without reservation,on an equal basis r'vith all otherraces. Italians organize not forthe sake of maintaining a closedracial entity, but because thel u'ouldhasten their assimiiation and Americamzatton.A rvarning againstsuch a thing is realiy an irrevelantgesture because the danger simplydoesn't exist.The oniy persons who make evena feeble attempt to preserve the customsand traditions of the Fatheriand--so-ca11ed-arethose of theolder generation w-ho still think thatreligious fervor can be displayedthrough brass bands and fireworks.lf ou'ever, rather than condemnthem or otherw-ise heap ridiculeupon them it is better to 1et thempeacefully go on their r,a1-. Thatgeneration is fast disappearing andtheir virtues of sobrietv, honesty,thrift and love of labor far outr,veighanv smail grudge we mighthold against them.The debate \ve suggested r'vouldprobably simmer dou,n to a contestof llag-r'aving. The pros u'ouidhave the American flag and theantis would have the Italian flag.Intelligent people have long agorvorkecl out a rational compromiseon this question. Of course lvemust not drau, ourselves into a shelland keep out everything "American."Of course we should carryout our civic obligations r'r,ith asmuch loyalty and devotion as possible.But surely no group can becondemned if it organizes becauseit rn. ants more opportunitl- tcy,contributeto social progress. l*theltalian organizatiorrs incidentalll'rvant to keep alive some of thosetraditions rvhich fortunately havecome dorvn to them thror-rgh theages, it certainly isn't an act of treason.Real segregation r'vou1d obtainif they selfishly u.ithheld allthose fine spiritual things r,r'hichday by day, are ennobling Americanlife and giving neu' color andforce to the emerging character.toWE ARE HALF A MILLION'oLa l{uoaa Capitale" ol Trentono in its lu.ly 37 issue,contained. the tollowing editorial by "Olmurr' in whichthe writer comments on the disparity between the numericalstrength ol the ltalians ,and their political ,strength.E are half a million.Even, as a matter of fact,a little more. The exactsr-atistics issued by the Census Bureauaclmit that, up to 1930, we hadieached the figure of 507,000. Add:,1 these, ail the Italians who, forirr many different reasons, lvere not:nclr-rded in the census, and those:,,-rm since the census, and you rvil1s-e that the Italians of Nen Jerseycan. on the basis of the statistics.:,,-,ast of comprising a full eighth of::.- State's population.Eut this is a boast that stops at::aiistics, for it does not extend intoai"' other field.With one-eighth of the popr_rlationwe ought to possess one-eighthof everything else, if not in housesand lands (rn'hich it rvould be toobold to pretend to), at least inpolitical representation. We f allbehind even in that. According tothe nr"rmerical criterion prevalent,the electors constitute 50/o oi theinhabitants of this nation. Notbeing able to apply this criterion toour element, for obvious reasons,rve will restrict the percentage to40%. On this basis, we have inthe State of Nerv Jersel- 200,000Ttalian-American electors. that is,one-ninth of the 1,800.000 voters inthe u'hole State. Thus, u-e constituteone-eighth of the people andbut one-ninth of the electors.Now how do these figures differf rom that which we possess ? It isnot possible to draw up a table ofcomparisons, but everybody knowsthat our social, industrial, economicand poiitical strength is in inverseratio to our numbers.A bitter statement, but true. Asto rvealth, .we are so-so. There aremany poor people among us, butthe War and prohibition gave Italiansthe opportunity to exploit fieldsrvhich, though illegitimate in somecases, have provided them with acertain amount of economic wealth.Quite a few are the bankers, thebuilders, the industrialists and themerchants lvho have seen theirpatrimony increase through activity,ability and speculation. Theyare but a scant minority. The rest(Continued. on Page 90)

QontinuingThe Fountain of Myste ryA StoryBy Clarice TartufariTranslated from the ltalian by Fredericka BlanknerII."M1T.YI, HiL.?.::il:plaining, wiping theperslriralion, tlrrowi,'g llremselvesdoryn on the chairs prostrated." Perfectly terrific ![]re ,r'rke is boiling and theeal f ; spitting flames !,,t'IVhy, hor,v can you complairr?I think it is a wonder_ful summer. Don,t you feelthat breeze from the lake ?An;-n'ay it's jrist a habit, ilriseonlirnrally finding fault wjllrthe seasons. f am verr.' wellsatisfied. f never felt better,",\ura insisted, closing the fan,claspirrg its handle in her litilefist just in order to demonstratethat she considered ita mere superfluity."But can -you bc chilly, bvanv elrnneol" lrer.[atlLer askoj,fixirrg lris gaze on lrer euriousl;rto find that her small belovedface seemecl new to him.She rvas his claughter ancl incertain moments he clid noteYen recognize her.I-Ier rnother, clressed in rvliite,a bit of silver threading thegold 9f her hair, her face longand finely modeled, with heiamused smile anci understand_ing eyes, had no need to lookat ]rer daughter to be al-ile toread in her heart as in a book.ljStop teasing our poorchild, Giovanni. ff she -doesnot suffer from the heat, somuch the better. As for thatmatter, were it winter, shewould not suffer from the cold.In certain periods of life theseasons are of little importance."Giovanni returned to bendover his large table, coveredwith papers, squares ancl compasses;Gloriana went back toher reading of the poems ofAlfred cle X{usset; Aura cameMotif of Clarice Tartufari'smost recent novel, 66ltlmper.atrice dei Cinque Re" (Cam.pirelli, l93l)Octave by Clarice TartufariTranslation into English byFredericka Blankner on oppo.site page.Con tutti ed in tutto aioo tzquesta ebbrezzadel mio sdngue in tumulto,questa tsariaesistenza del cuore e laricchezzadi uita nella aita solitariache in letizitt conduco e ladolcezzache n9! fiori, nel rnar, nel sol,nell'ariactttingon, aigilando, i sensitttteLper dorninio o tesoro io nondarei.and rrrerit from the rooms to ilrebalconv, straining her eves irrthe direction of Pallanzi." O, here he is, here he is atlast ! X'inaliv he condescenrls.Yesterday he did not showhimself and today he arrives atdusk. " She was speaking toherself and, as she spoke, shefelt a wave of ang.er swell up inher heart, a sort of rancor, the78anxietl' of dominion, the voluptuousjoy of tyrannizing, ofdran'ing tight a knot thatrvould leave a sign of lividness,the furrow of a wound.LI\TIERO on the contrarypresented himself rvith astraw hat in one hand ancl inthe other a lighted cigarette,which lie hastenecl to throwalr'a,y when he saw ,\ura acl-Yance toward him. Pouting, asif the innocent professor hadfailecl in a pact of honor, sheaskecl him, pursing lier lips,"I)o 5'ou know ri.hat time itis?""I hal'e forgotten my watch.I should suppose, however, thatit is early, to judge br. thu .',rr'r,n'hich is still scorching. ""I might let -vou knor,v thatin stear,l the sll]] is a b o utto set,--ancl why should .vou beafraid of the sun anyway? Youand the sun certainl-1' shonlclunclerstancl each other." AnclAura haci to exert an effort tocontrol herself so as not to fallupon {)liviero rvith bitterworcls; trut, when she foundlrerself in tl re slrinlncr lrorrse,seatecl on the grass, with herhead rested against the knee ofher mother, and Oliviero, sippinghis golden Capri, talkeclof this and that with that jestirrgtone of his, rvitli his somewhatodd interjections, she becamehr,rmble, she remainedquiet, her whole being drankin joy, nothing of reality sscapedher and at the same time

she was lost in dream. Amongthe trees, the red and yellowof the sunset flaunted instreaks, banners of a great festival,the festival of her heart;one star, another, ten, hundreds,thousands, some nearer,some farther away, of varyinggreatness, of varying splendor,came forth in the sk,rr, ancl ofevery one Aura felt herself tobe the friend. In token of syppathytoward their little mortalsister the stars glimmeredmore brightly. Gloriana gentlycaressed Aura's hair whileOliviero unfortunately wasfinding it necessary to declarethat the world is a sea of woe.For example, he found himselfconstrained by the tiresomenecessitl- of having to move toanother pens,ion because hispresent one set certain clishesthat v'ould ruin the stomach ofan .ostrich.One Sunday early in Augustthe lake was so smooth that itt'ould have been eas.v to havetravelled over it on foot; blLtGiovanni, sensible man that hewas, proposed a boat instead,to go across to Isola Bella.ttO letts,t' ancl Aura, in asports sriit which gave her theair of a tiny tot on r.acation"hopped into the boat." You, mother, weigh vervlittle, so sit here. You, Oliviero,also weigh ver.v little,-close to my mother. You aren'tfat, father, but;.ou are heavyail the same; so here on thisside. As for me, I can go rvhereverI lr.ant. Oh, how light Iam, just like a feather ! I canalmost feei myself float. Ginotto,at the oars ! Let r-rs pullhard. Even then one can't gettired : I sola B ella comes to meetus !"In fact Isola Bello, apparelledin green, decoratecl withemeralds, garlanded u'ith florvers,gently nodding on its highlread-dress the tufts of varicoloreclplumes, advanced towardthe boat and seemeil agrand lad;', gliding gracefulTHE FOUNTAIN OF MYSTERYand proud over a carpet of bluevelvet to welcome visitors ofhigh depiree.If /HE\- the rowboat nosedYV up on tlre bank, the island,its stability regained, becameagain as before an enchantedspot with gardens that rverebits of paradise, fountains,statues, some of them liftingto merge themselves in the blueof the sk;r, some of them leaningover to contemplate themselvesin the blue of the lake.X'rom one marYel to the next,from salon to salon, past thesuccessors of the noble Borro-The Empress of the FiveKingsby Clarice Tartufaritranslated byFredericka Blankner(It irst Englislt h'an,slation)With 'eaerythingand in allthings I lioe!I uould not giaeFor 'any kingdom or lor anyprtzeThis tumult of my blood thatis aliaer-This heart ol mine and all itsaaried being.O Life! You are beyond aIIprice lo ffiq-My life,Thi.s humble lile I liae,Lonely, but Ernpress of allthings I seeAnd hear ,onil 16usll-Dear sweetness of the flowers!-0 Sea! Oh Sun!!O Air about me!Beloved eaerything!0 Liuirtgo without measure!I would not giae this ecstasyI knooaFor any kingilonr or for anytredsure.mean family, cardinals, cavaiiers,matrons, frowninggrandmothers, young buds withmouths like strarvberries, dandieswith embroidered vests,fine ladies with exaggeratedhoop-skirts, -finally Olivierohad had enough of it and heoPenl;. declared as m'ch:"Why can't we leave all79these fine folk in peace withintheir portrait-frames ? Thevwill always be here waiting forus when we want them. Whatdo you think aboul it, SignorOdasio ? ""I? Why I think that mylegs are aching me,-and mywife also seems to be tirecl out.Dead personages inspire memore with respect than friendliness.\\rhere is Aura ? "They found her in the adjoiningsalon, where she wascourteously giving some explanationsto two foreigners,irusband and wife or perhapsbrother arid sister; in any casetwo attraotive young foreigners,the si,gnora,-ot: si,gnori,nct,,-ta11, suelte, young, her jacketon her arm and her blouse verycl6collet6,-the man big-boned,vigorous, clean-shaven, withpale rblue eyes whose glanceswam a bit as they looked atolle." They trre Rnssians ; thevwill stay for a little while atPallanza," said Aura."\Ve are Russians, studentsat Zuficb; u'e shall stay for alittle wlrile at Pallanza," theforeigner confirmed, expressinghimself n'ith difiicrilty butwith correctness in Italian. Headded, bowing, "Vladimiroancl Slata Hollende'r. "SORT of friendshipsprang up rapidly. 81'happy chance it turned out thatthe two forcigners were livingin the same pensi,ora with Oiiviero,so that Aura began to goback antl forth from Suna toPallanza, from Pailanza toSuna. Invitations to dinner,trips on the lake, walks, interminableconversations in theaYenlres of the garden,-andOliviero alii,'ays with them, beneaththe sun, beneath thestars.t t You nrust know,' ' saiclAura one clay when the sun,high in the sk;', seemed thewitle-open rnouth of a furnace,"that here in Itah' there is

80thought as well, and there isl.orli. P.rofessor Bianchi hasinventecl a new astronomicals.vstem that has completehsriper:sededthe s)-stem of{l a Uleo. "Signor Hollencler approveclunresen-edly:"You have done weil indeed,plofessol. 'Your new s.vstenrivill bi: absurd because all thatone constructs is absurd; destructionalone is logical; butyoru svstem represents a rebellionand to rebel in any Iie1c1,in any form, is useful. B"vclcmonstrating the inconsistencvof one svstem, one clemonstratesthe ineonsistencv ofall systems, \Ve enter oncemore in chaos and {incl again areasorl for existing.t'Slata Hollender begged0lir-iero to erplain this s.r'sternto her. It cor,cernecl a revohitionand. revolutions exertecl afascination on the avid spiritof the charmirig Russian.Obstinate, ztll concentration,the less she understooci themore she was determined inlier rvish to urrderstand. "Thesun is supported b1- a mass ofgaseous vapours, yon sa1.. ThisI can belie\-e. Yes, I grant .r.outhat rnuch. Neveltheless, youmust clemonstrate it fol rne. "The professor demoristratccl,the sign,ora,,-or signo rina,-offerecl objections and so, durirgthe promenacles, theywalkeci alwa--vs apart from theothcls, in the reunions the;tsat aliravs together.Every da." Aura Liecamewhiter and more convulsed."But m-r' daughter, you arertining r.ourself, ):ou aremaking ;.onrself a martvr, "said irer mother, kissing rluraon hel great e-r.es brilliant withexcitement. "Do not go againto Palianza; we shall not invitethem any more to ourvilla. Why, your hancls areburning; you have a steadyte\.er'.''Aura pressed herself tremblingclose to her mother, herATLANTICA, AUGUST_SEPT,EXIB}1R, 1931head on her mother's shoulder;sire relaxed,; then, liber:atingherself, she ran to the telephoneto invite them, eyeryone. At least she could x'atchthem and be sure that Slataancl Oliviero dicl not remainalone,--since for Vlaclimirothe libert--v of his wife or sister,as the case might be, was athing sacred ancl inviol:rble.1-\NE er.ening in Septcmber\-/ ttie moon ieaneil from thcsk1' cletachecl, brilliant. fu1l.ancl near it shone the planet\'-enLrs.The usual guests in the \-illaOdasio were clining in the greatsal,on opening on the garclen;the figures of the fountain,cautious, fearful, were moving,\vere speaking amollg' themseh'esr-rncler tlte enchantmentof that lnnar night. Tlemorspassecl or.'er the ra\res of silr.erin the l.lroacl fountain howl anrlthe reflected figr,rres likervisequivered. The branches whisperedto one another of lor.eand of nests, and the figlLrestook up the echo of those whispers,making of them tenuouswords to communicate theirthoughts among themselr..es.The rvhite moon infused intothose rvhite boilies a sllave nor'-taigic clesire for life I furtivemovements dartecl throughtheir limbs,-oYer theil facesflitted flashes of smiles anclglanccs. fn the center ihe baby,nude, on hands and knees, innocent,leaned over the x,-ater'sbrink in search of . . . who cantell? . . . ; the mother offeredher bleast to the rounded.mouth of the avid infant; theaclolescent turnecl in cluestionto the olt-1 woman laden withcxperience, rvho knew, however,nothing certain to answer; theyoung gir1, clasping the neckof her beloved, clrank joy fromhis lips and eyes as from adouble source of happiness;the maiden and the two scientistsrvere immersed in theirown purity; the two ascetics,completel;' absorbecl withinthemselves, traveled afar andsolitary in their search for theunattair'able; the fatalist remainedimpassive ancl, immobile,fixing destin.v, heobliged destiny to r:emain immobile;the ignorarnus, wisestancl happiest of all, smilecl)reatifically at life which returnedhis smile, beatific.Certain of l'hat she whs goingto fincl, since Slata andOliviero hacl clescencleil in thegarclen after having sippecltheir coffee, Aula wrapped herselfin a great scarf of lace ancl,walking on the soft grass borcleringiJre paths in order tocleaclen the souncl of her footsteps,pressing her hand on herhealt to muIIle its r.iolent beating,sLe circlecl behincl thefountain ancl rernained stanclingin the bushes. She wanteclto overLear, she wantecl at lastto know what tone the wordsof those tn'o might hal.e rvhenthey were alone. But alas ! insteaclof listening to theirrvorcls she was obligerl to listento their silence, which there inthat night of enchantment withthose figures of clream, spokeand spoke again, exhaling sighsof sweetrress ancl pleas of snppiication.'f-HE perfunte,l srrtokp of tjreI cigalettes, whiclL Oliviploand Siata helcl lighted, closeclthem x'ithin a cloriii and toAura, alone, abanclonecl, rigid,cold through ancl throug'h,clasped in her scarf, that silence,that smoke, that perfume,seemecl a celestial beatituclefrom which she, unjustl-1' conclemneclfor some unknorvnreason, hail to remain fotel-erexclurled."It must be late,t'saidSlata, rising wearil;'."Perhaps so, I have noidea, t t Olir.'iero answered andthey s'ent away slowly, noteYen their elbows touching.But for Aura it was as thoughthe-1.126 embracecl, and she felt

such despair and suffering thather breath failed her. Shewent to sit rvhere thev had beensitting a moment before andunderstood for the first timewhat it was that made up themystery of life: it was to bealive anil at the same time tofeel herself dead; to know herselfto be free, and to feel herselfslave; to know herself richand to feel herself poor witha poverty beyond hope of relief; to see the lights of herorvn home gleam and to feelherself iost among the terrorsof a wild forest; to contort inspasm, bound, held fast in thelinks of an iron chain an

82away, ahvays have the advantage,especiaily at first."Saying those worcls again inwardlY,Aura went off rePeatingto herself :"What does it matter to me?What does it matter? In themeantime I shall at least notsee them together anY more' "But it was farworse. Shewas aware of this the momentshe sarv Oliviero arrive withlistless step, his head down,his cigarette burned out betweenhis index- and middlefingers.O HE descettcietl to nreet hinrD antl a fter having exchangeda brief greeting theYwent into the garden, silentlYtaking the direction toward thefountain. It was a matter ofhabit. The numerous figures ofthe group, which rvould havehved happily' incleecl had noone paid any attention to them,were clestined continuallY tohave to give ear to those whoIived in the villa or were gueststhere."Have you put orl mourning?"Aura asked, ironicall--valluding to the Professor'swhite and biack cravat, tiedvery carelessiY."Mourning? \\rhat motlrning?"And Oliviero looked atthe girl with wondering eYes.It was eviclenb that he was faraway, that he was clreamingand that Aura hacl suddenlvawakened him." Precisel-v, --You are inuourning. You have a whiteand black cravat, white andbiack socks, a face the color ofashes. ""Tlrat may be, sigrtorina' Iwas thinking of something elseas I was dressing.""It is easy to know n'hat Youwere thinking about. The--vhave gone, slte is gone, isn'tshe?t'He nodded " Yes " irnPatientiy;he wanted to light a cigarette,but as the match did nottake fire, he threw awa.v bothATLANTiCA, AUGUST-SEPTU\{B.OR, 193Imatch and cigarette, folded hisarms in annoyance and fixedhis gaze on the trunk of a tree.Reading in his face a deePdisappointment, that same clisappointmentttrat she had carwitttittherself for so long'"ieclAura measured his sufferingby her own, and Pitied him.''Return to Your stuclies,Oliviero. Take uP Your sYstemagain. You have neglectecleverything, have abandonedeverybody. You have said athousancl times that science isfor you an efficacious anaesthetic.Do not let .vourself beovercome b;' grief. If You onlYknew to what a state one is reclucedtr'hen one suffers ! If.vou only knew ! You who havethe greatest goocl fortune topossess a solar s1-stern, makcluse of it, Oliviero. "( (It r-[oesn't interest [e,signorina. It no longer interestsme in the least. ""\\rhat's that? No longer'interests lou ! What? " Aurerrlemandecl in ercited am ze'ment."Nothing interests me an.vlonger, not even living.""Noi even -Your svstem?""Least of all."Desperate, inclignant, Aurahicl her face in her hands andbegan to sob.O\''ED br'- the souncl ofthose sotrs, Oliviero cameciut of his lethargy ancl bentover the girl, concerned:"trYhat has haPPened? Youcan tell I1Ie, ,\'011 know. I anra frienc1. ""A friend? Even if You haclkilled me a thousand times Youcould riot have done me moreharm ttran -vou have done rne . ""Iol. l?. T3tt' sr,gnori,na-" heintern:rptecl himself, he lookedabout stunned, and the scalesitr,as time-fell from his eYes.I{e saw that Aura wasbent over an abYss; he sawhimself bent oYer the sameabyss, and he saw that theabvss had a clePth and breadththat were impassable. To savethemselves it would have beennecessary for their two heartsto be bound together and nohuman power could havebrought that about, becauseAura, pretty as she was' sofrank and impetuous, so darkand shining-eyed, was notblond, was not ta1l, did notspeak lispingty with a deliciousperplexity words of a languagethat was not her own.Aura moaned with thesmotherecl cry of a homelessbird and Oliviero found nothingto say to her I consoling herhe would have offended her;soothing her, he would havedeceivecl her; nevertheless itwas necessary to speak; thesilence was becoming healYalrd lrrutal."Believe, signorina, that Iam very, very fond of -vou andonlv now do J realize howgreat is m-v affection. I woulddo ever,vthing possible to knowthat you are happy.""Yes, I believe," said Aurarising, " that you would doeverl'thing possible for me I noone can clo the impossible, norAnd shecan I pretencl it. "left n'ith her handkerchiefpressecl to her: mouth, hergraceful tittle bodY rigid, erect,defving the tempest that soughtto overeome her.Oiiviero again crossed. hisarms ancl began to fix his gazeon the ligures of the fountain,one b--v one."It is useless, useless, miserablearits that we are' to wantto free ourselves from our anthiliand find refuge in thestars. JVe must come upon ourburden, one day or another;and how can one avoid gatheringit up ancl loading oneselfwith it? What can one c1o?"A PR( )BLEII far more dif-I \ ficult to solve than theproblem of solar movement !Oliviero was convinced of thisand, continuing to fix his ga.'e(Contintted on Page 90)

A Short StoryJim, the LoonBy Rosa Zagnoni MarinoniHtrY callecl him Ji,m theLoo'n, down at thedepot. No one everasked where he had come fromtown took-theit for grantecl-he was just the Loon.Jim walked with the strideof an old tar, his legs ripplingunder him in a shuffiing gait.He amhled along talking tobimself, swinging his longbaboon-like arms and noddinghis head. It was that continuousl-read nodcling that gavethe assurance he was a Loon,and the lr,.ay he clressecl helpedin conve.ving that impression.An old pair of overalls of inclefinitecolor held in place byclothespins, a tattered shirtrvith the sleeves torn out of it,fringing at the top in RobinsonCrusoe fashion, covered hisspare frame. His feet were alwaSrsbare, even in winter.Black feet the,v were, blackfrom soot ancl dust, the bigtoes slanting outward, awa\-from the lnore insignificanttoes of the f;oon's flat feet. Hewore a qlleer hat, too small forhis rvide head, a hat which atone time hacl belonged to achild ancl which Jim held inplace by means of a string thatran under his grizzleil chin.That irat helped to give himthe appearance of a monker-.Jim was ever rambling aboutthe depot, chewing cigar stubsin winter and sucking stones insummer, waiting for trains tocome crawling up the track orstaring at trains waiting onthe tracks. The conductorswaved their hands at Jim andengineers flung him jokes fromtheir cab windows. All thetrain crews along the Friscolines passing through tr'orge-Rosa Zagnoni lVlarinoni, nationallyknoun poet, fi.ctionwriter and epigrarnmatist o!Fayetter:ille, uuas recently ap.pointed 4rhansast firsttnornan poet l,aureate by theArlxansas F ed, e r ati o n olVonten's Clubs. Her thirilb_ook, ol oersee '(North otI'aughterrt' was recently ,ileasedby the 0glethorpePress. For ten years ilIrs,ilIarinoni *o" withthe State Fed,eration "oni..tecl as statechairrnan lor the ,student loanUniaersity otJyfa for ,theArkansas, but because oj herliterary uork she u"as lorcedto gioe this up a year ago. Herhusband, Prol. A. illarinoni,is the author ol ooltaly Yester,4y pubiished byIlacmillan ""q.Today," not loig ago.r.ille knew Jim the Loon-andJim would smile back at themen, then stand staring withfierce faseination at lhe steelmonsters puffing before thelittle depot. Hands deep inpockets, his head thrust forward,his mouth a big gaping)Lole, his under lip droopingtherehe r.vas leaning againstthe depot wall.-fHE newsbov of tlre "Local',r was in the hahit of tossingculls of fruit and stale sandwichesfound in the chair carand that mal have been thereason Jim waitecl so eagerl-v83for the trains. He never couldclefinitelv remember which wasthe one that brought him thecull fruit and the sandwiches.He slept in an old box carresting on the rusty track backof the canning factory. No oneconcerned lrimselI as to horv ilreIroon llr&naged to procure food.At times the man that kept thelunch room near the Junctionmade him chop wood and thengave him paper plates full ofleavings as pa-y. But J rmcould not be depended upon towork. Sometimes they gavelrim the dinner bell to ringwhen the noon train came in.And Jim would stand in theshadows of a tank and ring thebel1, swinging his powerfularms from left to right as if thebell hacl been a clapper hangingfrom them. No one sawhim srvinging the bell'but theyheard the ringing.w8l:Tiffi:l#?;l"#screaming and giggling r,vhenthev saw lrinr, as tlrough hc'were a spider. Chiidren threwstones and snow balls at him,thumbing their noses andcalled him " Crazy Loon.,,The only way Jim reacted tothis teasing was by dodging themissiles and running awayclucking his head and laughing,pretending that the youngsterswere plaf in.E a game with him.ITe l'as quite harmiess.Jim was afraid of the sherift.He was instinctively afraid ofthat big jointeil man, as a dogmight be of the dog catcher;

8+for once Jim hait seen thesheriff ch'Lb a iittle man halfhis size. Jim did not knowjust what the little man hadClone, but it made his fistsclench to see that big sheriffpersonbeat that little felIolv.And as the sheriff beat theman, Jim clearly rememberedthat bottles had cracked in thelittle man's pocket and out ofthem had dripped onto iheside walk a liquor with a queerodor emanating from it-anodor which Jim knew as"Poison smell."And now every time Jimsaw the Sheriff he rememberedthe little man and the "Poisonsme1l."In Jim's minil, 1924 was thepie era-he ne\rer kneu' horv ithad come about, blLt a changehad sudilenly taken place in hisexistence. n'olks smiled at him,men slapped him on the shoulders,someone gave him a fivedollar biil, and others siivercoins. At the time Jim did notknow what to do with all thatmonelr, so he gave all to theman of the lunch room in exchangefor a slice of Pie. Butthe man told him he could orderpie for a long, iong time. Yes,that had been the beginning ofthe "pie era." Jim filled himselfup with pie in those daYs,and even forgot the incidentwhich had caused it.NE day as he stoocl staringat the clrrve around. whichthe engine was about to comehissing into view, he heard, theclanging of bells and the heavingof steam along with themuffied pufling of the breath ofthe train-a little boy suddenlYshot out on the trach, runningafter a red ball. Just then thesteei ruonster cleareil the cruvc:puffrng, heaving, sputtering-Jim, who knew a person hadto keep out of the waY of thesleel thing, ilashed on the trackand tumbled to the other sideof it, the child held tight in hispowerful baboon-like arms.ATLANTICA, AUGUST-SEP'IEMBER,Then -then -they hadslapped his should.er, womenhacl stoocl around. him, sniffiingand smiling, and theY hadgiven him the fir'e d ollars anilthe coins which had started thepie era.But the pie era passed andJim once more became "Jim,the Loon. " Then just as swiftl.vas the pie era hacl dal'ned,one winter night the club ofthe sheriff clesceniled uPon hisshould,ers and the worid turnedpurple. Strange how this hadcome about, too_-n I{E niglrt, just as Jim was\-' huddlilg himself into tle193 1sucking his breath in a silentwhistle. "Is that five dollars?"('More than that.""JVhat must I do?"''Listen, Jim," whisPeredthe "gentleman" drawing closeto the Loon in a confidentialmanner. t'You go down to thejunction b)' the big PumP.You'Il see a car standing onthe road-1ou go rip to ityou'11sec a man-tell himyou've come after Lhe " stuff.""What stuff?" asked theLoon, a bit suspiciously.('Never mind, you just saythe sttLff, see'x. When you gettl'r,e stulf bring it to me. "sat up, his eyes batting in thesudden glare."Sure, that's a11.""I savvy," muttered Jim,"What you all want? " he shuffiing away toward the juncaskedthickly.tion.t'Jim, you there-alone ?t' avoice asked."Yes, alone. Who's that?""Never mind who this is.\\rant to make some money?""\{oney?" Sute Jim rvantedmone)-; it bought pie. So helaughed and muttered, "You'retalking. "The voice invited. " Comehere. "Jim leaped out of the boxcarand founcl himself beforea man standing near a big autornobile.He recognized theman as one of the town t'gentlemen." Jim bowecl respectfuilyand dazedly wonderedwhat might have prompted thehonor of this cal1. The manput a hand on Jim's shoulder."Say, Jim," he whispered,"trVant 1,o make some money?""Sure, but I ain't going to\.olk,t' muttcrecl Jim."You don't have to \York,t'reassured the man, uncurlingbefore Jim's wide eyes a rollof greenbacks." Hum-hum, t t whi'spered Jim"What's the stuff like-old box car preparatory to a heavy?"r;varm night's rest, he heard "Not much, ancl I'11give yousomeone whisper his name. He lots of money when you getlified his heacl and gruntecl. back. "A flat ring of light sharpl-v "Just-just for going afteretched itself on the straw. Jim iti'"lJE l'alked pensively overr r the track, thirrking of bigluscious slices of custard pie,his bare feet stumbling on thefrozen ground. After he hadr,vaiked about one mile he foundthe car parked.by the side ofthe road, just as the gentlemantold him it would be parked.Jim asked for the "stuff" anda man silently gave him a bulginggunny sack. Jim took itand walked away.The errand seemed an easyone. But the sack was heavy.Jim sat ilown on a rock rvonderingwhat was inside of thegunny sack.His hand fumbled with thestring. His hand rummagedamong"some straw, his fingerscame in contact with bottles.He took one out, pulled thecork with his teeth, and smelledof the oontents. As he did so,there unfurled before his visionthe scene which he had witnessedwhen the Sheriff hadbeaten the little man, cracking

the bottles filled with that stuffthat smelled of poison, whichhad been in the little man'spockets. A quick realizationof danger etched sharply beforethe Loon's dormant mind.The bottle in his hand rvas fullof poison !Jim r,ose to his feet, his bigf,sts clenched. That gentlemanwanted him to get a beating !What if the sheriff found himnow? The idea of that manwanting him to carry poison !The idea !flM Jeaped to bis feet, LisJ lranri cleneLing around theneck of the gunny sack. Hegrunted as his powerful armsswung the sack about andcrashed it down on the roacl.As he stood staring down atthe sack the poison smell rosestabbing at his nostrils. Jimsmiled ancl strocle off, his bigMr. Joseph Sicignano, ourrepresentative, is authorizeCto collect subscriptions andsolicit advertising contractsfor ATLANTICA. Any courtesyextended to hirn willbe gratefully appreciated byLlS.JIM, THE LOONfists clenching. The sheriff,the poison-that man that hadwoke him up-the rascal-he'dshou' him, he would ! The Loonhad never tried to fathom themysteries dividing right from'wrong, .but he knew--he justIrnew the gentleman had "donehim dirt."lVhen he stood empty-hancledbefore the gentleman, thegentleman askecl:"Well, didn't you find it?"Jim, the Loon, did not answerin words. He swungabout and lancled a powerfulblow on the man's left jarv. Itsent the gentleman reelingc'lown the embankment. Thisaccomplished, Jim turned anrlleapeci into the box car.Later, as he was huddling inthe strarv, grunting in his sleep,the sheriff, the gentleman, andthe other men, leaped into theemPt;- car and the club of thesheriff rained blows over theLoon's head.The Loon hacl assalLlted aperfecbly peaceful citizen. Assaultedhim for no reason-justpoppecl out at him and almostkilled him ! The gentlemanhacl sai,cl so"Jim began to talk incoherentlyabout poison and a sack,but no one listened to him. Thenext ilay Jim stood before agroup of men, and throughla.r'ers of fog he heard wordswas pronounceil a ttdan--he gerolrs cltalactort'-p1'g1"v61'ppresent insisted something /zadto be done-he was getting oldand dangerous-the torvn haclto protect its citizens.Jim the Loon felt they werenot right-for he knew he nrasnot dangerous or any older tliansome of these men before him.But the Loon colLlcl not talk, infact he would not have knownwhat to say-his big head keptswinging back and forth, backand forth-like the bell he likedto ring for the man of the lunchroom-but no one was eYenloohirig at him.85ND so it was that the nextlay the Loon was shippedtlown state in a caboose toheave mud out of the marshesthat ran in back of the stateasylum.Jim is there now. At timeshe grumbles, but he is not dangerous.He grumbles aboutgentlemen, poison and pie. Noone pays an.v attention to him,. but they claim he is a goodhand at heaving mud. Oncein a while the rvife of thekeeper gives him a slice of pie,just to see him grin.A1l considered Jim is quitehapp,r', especially on Sundayafternoons when they let himsit in the sun and cut out paperboats for the baby of thewoman who makes the pies thatmake Jim grin.tElffiffiWer.oeqtffi sp_CiEb(,,-,",,,,,H^( lo jlil)r'ess / -{re l0l1 ccrtain "Y that -g::\1,,iJou .tr(, ilotmaliing erroLs Fl('n Iou thinli you are spealiingfaultlssly? r\rc Jou sure of yoursell shen trrrkinga talk belore your club? Can .r-ou write a gracefulsocial not0 or a good business letter? The Ditlallsof Inglisli are rratryl so 1trlle,ss Jou havc an infallibleguide, Jou rncousciousll Day be Inalnngnlistalies thirt are holaling Jou bacli from the socialor busincss srrccess ]on seck.Is there such rn jtfrlljble 3uidel 'I'here is. I'i jsSpe€chcraft r neil' irnii r1[rzingIJ (iils\' \ral toquicli oasiery of In3l:sh, terfecled b! a Srolrp ofnrlionally kno\1n cchrcrtor r, a{rer 15 lea1s oi tenc[-ilr! ind rcir,r1 h.SfJeechcraft is as fNscilrirtinr ts it gitme. No thltircsorlle rur'es io lcrtn. Just I; minutcs n daJrrinur{rs-1i}racln,rl \rirh absotbitlg jnterest, andIoxl ronrcisrtion Njll lje farthless Jour ]etters intcrcstln:.inLl lou \rill he tble to hold and thritlrny audierce lleforc \rhorn Jorspeik.Speechcraft vill rrnlock the doorto bigger opportunitios \rillquiclien social or blNiness aclvance-D)ent anal better !?u. Talre theflrst step no*'by sending for ourljis FreP Rook - l Jre \Vr\ o \\'.nWith Words." ilddressSPEECHCRAFT, Inc., DeDt. FP-7_i ]:'_lr_a' _.1' "j'j. l' ! _Speechcraft. lnc.. DeDt. FP-7. 25 We$t Elm St,,Chicago, lll.Send me, 1fithotrl obligtltion, 1o1rr big free booli,'The \\'ar to \\'in \Virh \Vords."\i.r ,E ..Age .........Occrrtetion..,\'ltlrP"..CitI........Stite.

Wffifililt',i,lii86MEDICAL BOOI(SBy special aruangementwith publishers we are inposition to offer to our paidsubscribers of the medicalprotession. medical boalts sta discount ol TOls an thelisted price. The lollouingmedical books (o" uell esothers not listed) may beobtained through our BookSeraice Department.Technique & Results of GraftingSkinBy H. Kenrick ChristieA series of about thirty cases ofulcers of the extremities was utiiizecl,including the f ollowing types: Traumaticand Dirt ulcers, varicosc ulcers, tlophi

IT ,, tlie Editor of Atlantica:I am a constant reader of AT-I-,\NTICA, whose good balance,rf articles I have always ad-:.nired. It surprised me, there-;ore, to find on Page 4 of theissue a review of "Capital-Tulyand Labor under Fascism" bylliss Carmen Haider, rvhichgives the impression that saidstudy deals impartially rvith thelabor situation in Italy.The fact is that l{iss Haiclerstretched her desire to be impartialto the point of acceptingas true certain statements macleto her by anti-Fascists in ltai,vand elser'vhere, rvithout analyzingthem or ascertaining the motivesbehind them.On page 233, lor example, shestates that "it seems as thouqheven he (Mussolini) is beginningto lose public confidence." I{otvand rvhere N{iss Haicler got herinformation is obvious. But it isequally obvious that she couldnot secure that information herse1f,because public opinion is sodilficult to evaluate and verv fewanti-Fascists in Italy would beso naive as to take her into their'confidence. lJttt even if a fen'o f them tl'uSte{l hcr Lr ) tlte cxtentof con{rclirrg their cloubtsabout Mussolini to her, it isobvious that her generalizationsare quite unscientific.Likewise, on page 268, she repeatsthe old standby of the anti-Fascists to the effect that Fascismdid not save ltal.v f romchaos, and expresses her cloubtsas to whether. "it was still necessaryand advantageous to thecountry for the Fascists to 1'emainin power."We can, of course, ignore herevaluation of the Italians, "whoby nature present a more turbulentelement than the northernraces" (.page 274), but rve cannotshare her belief on the futurefali of Fascism as expressed b-vher on page 284. Morcovet'. itis evident that Miss Haider didnot quite grasp the meaning oI"totalitarian" in the Fascist legime,for apparently she confusesit rvith tyrauny.No doubt N{iss Haider is Perfectl_v entitle,l to her opiniorrs.but she should not label thetl asthe product of oltjective researchfor research is {actual.Y orr'rs trul\,Federi,co SannaNew Yorlz Citt'BOOKS IN REVIEWexan'rple is thai of the man, sentencedto die, lr,ho had been told, asan experiment to show the Power:of suggestion, that he would beexecuticl by being bled to death."At the time of the execution 1iervas first blindfolcled ancl irnmediatelyafter this a sharp instrumentrvas applied along the radial artervabout the r'vrist, simulating vervclosely an incision. Then water ofblood-temperature u'as made to falldrop by drop upon where the suPnoscdirrcision had l,een rrradc. Thci:on.lcnrnecl man died r'rithout evenan abrasion or the loss of even asingle drop of blood."The author gives in his booklnany cxanlples oi self-culcs attdlikeu'ise of sel f-inHictctl painsthrough auto-suggestion, 9ndleaches tl-re conclusion that ideasthrough suggestion, evcn if in somcinstances they do not bring aborrtcomplete recovery, lvill make illncsstr,ore bearable. A u''e11-kno"l'nChicago ph1'sician, Dr' Ferri revealsin his'bobk a complete commancl ofthe subject, and traces the .porverof a'.rto-suggestion from prtmtttvesociety to our ou'n dat's. A ver.vintereiting chapter is that dealingwith the rt'orking of the nervoussvstem.THE II:ORLD'S [)EBT' TO TH tlCATHOLIC CLIURCH, bY -lame's I'I.l/atsh, 14.D. Ph.D., Sc. D', etc- 31)f oges. Bo.stott: The 'StrLttf ord Prc't't'$2.Civiiization is undoubteclly deelllvinclebtecl to the great institution thatis the Catholic Church, anct r've cannotbut {eel grateful to Dr. Walshfor harring, in this volume, srln-rme!up the miin items of this indebtecl-IIESS.Dr. Walsh, also the author oi"\\rhat Civilization Ou,'es to Italy,"here te1ls the storY of what theCatholic Chur-ch iras tlone throughoutthe ages to cleveloP the senseo{ beauty and the sense of dutY in1xan, so as to leac1 him to a higherlife ancl therehy make hirn happy.He points out horv the Church hasfostered the cultivation of the arts,painting, sculpture. tttttsic. architeci,,..^nilthe rrrakillg oi rrsehrl thingsbeautiful, that u'hich u'e call the artsa'd crafts.The book also takes uP theachievements o{ the Church in religion.charitl' arrd humane tvorks.cilucation. scholarship. larv, literature,philosophy, physical science,surserv. merlicine, etc. His ainr, ino:her ir:ortls. is to shorr that ferv, ifanv human institutions have done asmitch f or civilization as has theCatholic Church.TIIB l.'IftEIlT THEFLESIIBy Garibaldi M. LapollaooTherich , human .voleanic life of Italian America."-ShaemasO'Sheel inThe World Telegrarn.Atlontica's reeular 1570 iliscoutut on t'ooks ,oall paid subscribers olso inclutles "'l'heFire in the Flesh,"AddreseBOOK SERVICEATLANTICA33 West 70th Street.New Yorh City$2 Vanguard $2A Book forThe ltaliansin AmericaWHEREDEMOCRACYTRIUMPHSBy F. Paul MiceliAn outsta.nding Italian con'tribution bo Arnerican letters,this book relates the triumPhol an ltalian youth oaer thenew enuironment that isAmerica. You. will like it lorits obserualions concerningthe problems contronting theeducated, I talian-Americqn.Regular price $3Atlantica's price topaid subscribers $2AddressBOOK SERVICEATLAN.TICA33 West TOth St.oNew York City87

88ATLANTICA, AUGUST-SEPTtrMtsIiR, 1931so that Patri is one of thefew journalists who reatlyspeaks a little to the wholeUnited States. Angelo Patrihas created in his way somethingthat corresponds wellwith his character. He is nota theoretician in pedagogy, andhis name will not figure besidethose of Rousseau or Pestalozzi.Ile is an angelic andpaternal soul who, not havinghad children, has adopted asohildren all his students and, ina smaller way, all the childrenof famiiies throughout theUnited States, discussing dayby day the practical problemswhich face teachers and especiallyparents who have childrenin school. Fathers andmothers are his most assiduousreaders. And it is natural thatthis year the llnitecl Parents'Associations of New York Citvshould have conferred uponhim a medal which, among itsother merits, has also that ofANGELO PATRI(Continuecl from Poge 67)not being (as it happens manytimes with these honors) anugly medal.FI0W he manages to do all'- r these things, to whichmust be added his educationallectures before various associationsand schools and over theradio, I would not know howto explain without recallingone of the happiest combina-"tions that exist: that of ltalianindustry with Americanmethods. Among these methodsco-operation, mutual aid,figures very largely, and itwould be unfair if I were notto add that very probabl.v inthis extraordinary activity thesmiiing presence of Mrs. Patrimust count for quite a bit.More than thirty -vears afterhaving left ftall', Patri returnedto see his countrS. oforigin, and I hacl the pleasureof iistening to him while he de,scribed his impressions beforean American audience. Andfirst of all came his feelings inthe streets of his native land,r,vhich he could not materiallyrememher because he had comeaway too young, but whoseeverlr stone and turn, nevertheless,he recognized or felt againwithin himself. And then camehis visits to the Italian schoolsancl his hymn of praise to theItalian countr-v teacher, themost intelligent, the most capableand the most pateinal ofteachers, the instrument ofcivilization anil of human kindness.They were words so extraordinary,spoken with suchAmerican calm and such ftaliartemotion, that theS' made adeep irnpression upon his listeners.It is a pity that the radiowas not at hand there to transmitmore widely to the UnitedStates his auUroritatir-e testimon)-.Atlantica' s Obseraatory(Contirtued from Pagte 51)according to Mr. Iteiner, and orreno longer finds the "arty" lack ofpunctuality, casual talk during rehearsaland general irresponsibilitvof the past. The pla1'ers are bucl

TOPICS OF THE NIONTH89]. it recent i,nuesti,gati,ons tori,.,ubt tl,tat where there i,s:irioke there m,u.st be f,re. TheHofstadter, or Seabury, Com,-tiiittee in New York, obstru,cteclttt euerA tttrn, has brouclht outtti part at least the d,eplorablestate of alf ai,rs i,n that city, ancl,as f or Chi,cago, the yti,cture isoll too familiar to ad,mi,t of antlI ctubts.Corrupt Ttoli,ti,cs ofers th,ecrimi,nal, th,e aicl ancl ytrotecti,ott,essent,iaL to hi,s operations. Itshares i,n hi,s prof,ts. Wi,thoutpoli,tical, sultport, tlt e wnclerrcorl,d,tuould, f,ncl i,t dr,fficult, tosay the least, to conduct an i,nclu,stryulti,ch has come to talteits place anl,ong the m,a1or i,nclustri"esof the country.-_*,,ITALIANSWON'T TALK''(1 Rf XIINALS. etccording to\-'r tlte Wickersltom Commiss'iom,ctre knou;n to th,e ytoli,ce.But i,n New York the ytoli,ceplead, to an amaeing i,gnorancewhich often, bord,ers on thetragi,c, Wi,tness the brutalki,ll,itr,g of two chi,ld,ren and, thewou,ndlirt,g of three others byracketeers recently in one oftl're +nost congestecl of NewYorlt,'s Lr,ttle ltalies. To th,i,.sclay l{ew York's " finest" areliterally uyt a tree.Incapable of maki,ng an arrest,th,eysloift the onus of th,eirimy:otence on to the lzumble att,cl,neglected, f olks of the ne.i,ghbor-Itoocl ,i,n, tulztclt, the h,i,cleouscrlme occurreiL. " Italians ruillnot talk" is thetr alibi,. A seriesof m,urders haue taken place inthat neigltborhoocl, in recentm,onths. All prof essional murrl,ers,clncei,uecl, and, enecuted, byprof essional, .qunmen ancl, racheteers.No arrest,s. No clues.I{ ot th,e slig.trttest eui,dence ofpoli,ce effici,encw. Not th,e least'protect'ion f or th,e local public.TOPICS OF THE MONTH(Contintted from Page 54)Is if ang ruonder tlml, Italianswi,ll not to,lk?But who d,oes talk in l{eu;T ork? I{ o one ns g et has talhedin tLr,e Rothstei,n case. Or in theViui,o,n Gord,on case. Or im thehunclreds of other unsolued, and,i,nsolubl,e cases tltat .are gi,uingl{ew Torh a reltutcr,t'ion thateaen Ch,icu,ao might decry.Italians tallred, in Si,cily w'trtenthe police f orces of ltal,yyLou,nceiL ott tlte ll,Iafia and, d,estroyeclit u;i,th an effici,encyuhiclt 'trtas becom,e enemplary inpolice h,i,storg. Tl'tey talked, becausethey knew th,ey could relyon the ysoli,ce to protect tlt,em"IIas i,t occurrecl to IrtsTtectorSulli,uan, tLLe a,uthor of thepltrase " Ital,,ians rcon't ta'Llt,,"that tlt,e fai,l,u,re of Li,ttle ltalyto syteak-assum,'ing, of course,that i,t cou,ld sytealt or tltat it'h,ad, i,nf ormation to c1i,u e-was,after all,, a,n indictnt,ettt of hi,sD eytartment, i,ts i,gnor ance atr,cli,neffici,ency?''These crintittals,'' soys thelVickersham, report, " are uelllmown to t'he pctlice, btft byreason, c.,f the si,ni,ster 'influencer:nerted, by corrupt poli,ti,cr,ansouer tlt,e ch,i,ef ancl,lis f orce areallou.:ecl to cont'inu,e th,ei,r crittt-'inal, careers when but f or su,chinfl,uence th,e Ttolice f orce wotildntake q, muclt, better shouingthan r,t d,oes."Anyone li,uing in Little ltalumi(tht reodily testify to tltisfact.- .*-THE ITALI. JVS TffNEW YORK STATEtT\ llE Cettsus Burprttt rcpot'1.'L l,l,,tl iyr,l{etu Yot'k Staie ll,r'Italians Learl, all otlt,er racialgroups in tlt,e nLLm,bc,r of fotei,gt'tborn. Follouecl by th,eRtts.sians, Poles ancl Germa,ns,th,ey cottstitute nt()re than onef,fthof the total, u;hich, rs eractly3,197,549,T'ltis i,s si.g,ux/icant cts inilicatingth,e entent of i,mmi,grati,onf rom. Ital,tf itr, the last twod,ecad,es--a n'rnss immi,grationtt,nique tn Amert,can 'h,istory.Almost 600,000 ltali,ans enteredthi,s country i,n th,e tzu*o yearsprecerling the war, ancl, stncethen, notwitlt stand,i,ng tlzeefforts to sl'tttt our doors, about20,000 lr,a'"-e been com'ing inyearly, bath, i,n ancl, entra quota,.Bu,t et*en, nl,ore interesti,ngthan th,i,s is the fact tl,r,at ltali,-ans, alien, natu,ralieecl, tlna[, nat'iueborn, are to-clay the seconil,largest raci,al group i,n theState. I{eu York City alonehas Mllre than one mi,lli,onItal,ians, the majority of tuhomh,aue conte to America i,n th,elast true,ttty Aears.Th,ere i,s not a touu, or l,tamletin tlt e entzre S,tate ahi,ch, i,stuith,out i,ts cluota of ltali,ans.In tlt,e country at large tlt,eyconst'itute opprom,ntately 5 percent ol tlLe yto2tulati,on, a,ndtltey are to be found, i,n eaerystate of tlt,e Un'i,on, on f arms asuell as in ci,t'ies, eueryult,erecontributing greatly to tl't,eeconolnll r;f the natiom,.- -l-POLITICALLY,THE ITALIAJVSBEGIN TO "ARRIVE'''T\fl E lole Bishoyt Potter pra--l tlicfetl llral flre Italionsuould, euentually rule NewYork. He set the ti,me as fi,ftyyears. So far, u;ith, some 200,-000 uote,s at tlt,r:ir comm,ancl,tltey haue ber:n slou; to caTti,talizeth,ei,r strength,. But tltey arecom'ing alctng and, uery fast.In 1929, tr'itlt, CongressnranLa Guard,ia, on tlt,e RepublicanFuston ti,cket f or fuIayor, they11aue 'To,tnn1,an11 Hall, much tothi,nL; about ancl tll,e press m,ucl,Lto write abottt. Th,ey di,cl notttote as a unit, but di,splayecl remarkable(J roup conscr,ousnessund, gaae et;iclence all olong theli,ne that politically th,ey had" arriQ)eal,."

ATLANTICA, AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 1931The hope of reali,zing Bi'shopPotter's prop'h,ecy went intosmoke in'29 ur,th La Guard,ta'sd,efeat. But i'n the rise of AlbertMartnelli,, politi,ci,an o,nd,recrl estate cle,al,er, as a fullfl,eclged, Tanr'm'any leader on th'eI,ouer East Si,cle, thi,s hope hasbeen reai,ued,. I{ot that Mari'nell'i's ai,ctory t's in it.self de'ci,si,ue, bwt that it reueal's (Ltrencl, tn New York poltti,cswhich, should lea,d, uery far.Mari,nelli, is l,ead,er of the ol,tl2nd, Assembly Di,strtct, oncethe stronglr,okl of the Irish i,nManhatta'n,, anil his preilecessor,tlte uanquished' HarrYPerry, 'is, or was, th'e last ofthe mi,ghty Sullt'uans. The ZnduJas omce almost wholly lri'sh.To-d,ay it i,s 95 per cent ltalian.I{ or is the 2nd' the onlYItah,an d,i'stri,ct in the ct'ty.There a,re seaeral d,istri'cts i,nwhtc'lt Italians are in t'h,e ma,-lori,ty, ancl in these di'stri'ctsIri,sh and, Jemi,sh learlers wearxlneasa cro'L}ns.The rise of the ltali,an uotein lrlew York is giuing both parties,but parti'cul,arly Tammanywhich 'is sttll l,argel'Ycloaer green, sem'ous food f orthought. The bi,rth rate, thenatural,i,zati'on f'gures, ancl aheen, d,esi,re to get a'h,ead,, allconsyt'ire to make the Italian astrong chal,lenger in N ewY ork' s poli,ti,cal ar ena.He is worth watchlng.THE ITALIAN PHYSI.CIANS IN NEV/YORK CITY(Conti.nued from Page 69)plus an annual beefsteak dinnerancl an anrrual outing.As constituted at present theofficers are as follows: FrankLa Gattuta, president; A. J.Giordano, 1st vice-presiclent;Louis J. Cassano, 2nd vicepresident;Louis J. Di Lorenzo,recording secretarv; AngeloCantelmo, corresponding secretary;and Paul Casson, treasurer.The Board of Trustees,all of whom $'ere among theoriginal founders, consists ofWilliam A. Cimillo, Louis J.n'errara, George E. Milani, JosephMartoccio, anCl Blase Pasquareili.THE FOUNTAIN OFMYSTERY(Contittlt,ed. frotn Page 82)on the figures of the fountain,he wouid have welcomed fromit a ray of truth to illuminatehis thought; but the figures,feeling from the humidity ontheir bodies that the night wasdescending with its mantle ofvapours, also experienced acold weariness, a hopeless desolationand they also would havedesired any sort of an explanation,any sort of a glimmeringof truth that could consolethem for their destiny.All useless, useless-; thewater, falling, had a sound thatwas expressionl.ess and thetrees, overcome with indolence,1et their branches hang idlylike the inert wings of darknight birds.(Concluded, Nefi Month)FROM BUENOS AIRESTO NE\X/ YORK BYAUTOMOBILE(Cotttitttted front Page 66)In the latter cit.v m-v companion,Carlo Massacesi met somerelatives and decided to stayfor some time with them.The glory of completing thefantastic and extraordinarytrip, therefore, was left for myselfalone, and, continuing towarclNew York, I stopped atBuffalo, Endicott and othertowns before reaching Brooklyn.of our wealth has been given us bYthe bootlegger and the racketeer.As a group, our progress has beenstill slower.There have been difficulties ofevery kind. There are and therewill be; in fact, it seems that theywili increase. But our number isimpotent. Our fate is in our ownhands, if we but know holv to use it.Half a million Italians ought tohave enough weight in the life ofthis State to dictate conditions andobtain just recognition of all our"i-hf cInstead of remaining neglectedu'e ought to be in the front ranks;instead of begging for some rvorkwe ought to demand its concession;instead of contenting ourselveswith crumbs we ought to sit in atthe feast with the most powerful,We Are Half a Million(Continued, from Page 77)lvealthiest and most respected.How ?Ry the valorization of all ourforces, by organizing and discipliningthem.Where there exist superfluousbanking institutions, they should bemerged with the more powerful anduseful ones ; where there exist ahundred societies lean in membershipand funds, they should befused into a f erl,' strong and r,vealthysocial bodies; rn'here there existnewspapers that barely manage toeke out an existence, they shouldbe abolished or united with themore strongly situated ones; wherethere sprout out so many socialclubs, one should be created correspondingto the needs of all; lvhereso many political associations areworking themselves to death, theyought to be integrated into one federalion;where our energies arebeing dissipated, they ought to begathEred, watched over, guided andmade to obtain {or us whatever ouraspirations desire.Tremendous is this undertaking,in view of our character and of theobstacles that present themselves.But there is no place for hesitation,confusion, recanting or concessionsto weakness.A11 our activities should convergeto a single point. {or a common purpose.We must construct, slowlYit is true, but steadily. Half a millionItalians should not satisfythemselves with a secondary positionin the life of this State. Weare set on winning, at whatevercost.And we will win.

The ltalians in the l,lnited Stares(Reoders Are Intited to Sen,d in lterns of Reol If orth for Po.t.rible Use in These Cohtmn.s. Pl.totograpks lltill Also BeW elcotne )ALABAMAThe Italian Art Exhibit Con'rmittee,in connection with the exhibit it rvillhold in Birmingham this coming Fal1, isissuing a monthly bulletirr uf news item.pertaining to the exhibit. It is editedby Victor Torina, J. J. Fiore and A. R.Passavant.CALIFORN IAMayor Angelo J. Rossi oi SanFrarrcisco has announced his inrenriorrof runping for his office again in theelections to be held in November. Hclet this be known to a delegation of theSan Francisco Fruit Dealers' Association,which informed him it was organizingelectoral ciubs in his behalf for thepurpose, Mr. Dandolo Mugnaini is secretaryof rhc Association.Representatives of 15 Italiar-r societiesof l,os Angeles met recently upolrthe request of the Rol al Italiarr ViccConsul ol that cir1, Cav. A. MelliniPonce de Leon, to lormulate plans forthe reception oi the Italiarr athletes tothe coming Olympics in that city. SignorGiuseppe Pagliano is the deleqatcof the National Italian Olympic Cornmitteein Los Angeles. It was decidedto form a general committee cornposedof five representatives of each Italiansociety.The Italian Garder.rer's Societv ofStockton last monrh held irs 29rh airnualpicnic in Oak Park. attenrlrd hy over'500 persons. Speeches uerc made br'the toastmaster, Cav. Dr. J. V. Craviotr.,Cav. Uff. Rrrherto Paganini, and Gr.Uff. Ettore Patrizi.Dr. Elia Giar-rturco. of the Universityof California in Berkelcy recentlygave a piano recital before students andthe faculty of the summer courses inthat university in Ruvce Hall. Dr.Gianturco reccivc.l lris law dcgree fr.omthe University at Naples in 1920 and inthe same year he also finished l'ris courscat the Musical Conservatorr. of SanPietro a Majella.The United States should. either lib-COLORADOA banquet l-as recently tetrdereclProf. Luigi Cavallaro, teacher of Italian,b1' the Italian-American LiteraryClub in Denler. Thc chairman incliarge oi arrangemcnts r.r'as Att]'. GiuseppeCostantino.CON N ECT ICUTAttorney Pa.-clnaie De Cicco, representingthe Unico Club of Waterbury,u'as recentll' elecred secretary of theInter-Club Council, u'hich compriseseleven of tire strongest clubs in that city,organized to promote the civic improven.rentsdesircd bl rhe individual clubs.I{rs. Fred Palonba. oi the Corona Club,was a mcmber of the nominations committee.Although onil- 2-l I'ears old. GeorgePreli, an Italo--\merican, is Sheriff oiGlastonbr-rr1'. Conn. He tlas reccntlymarried. He is in the hal' alrd grain andgrocer]' business rrear Hartforcl.Attorney -John _1. Casale has beenappointed -\ssistani Prosecutor of theTown Court oi Torrington. -1,fter har,-ing received his larv degree from FordhamLl'niversitl'. -\ttornel' Casale practicedat first in \es' Bri:ain. later mor--ing to Torrington.For the first rine in rhe histort oi.\erv Britairr. r \\'uman presided - lasrmonth as Judge in the Police Court,and the honor iell to \Iiss,\ngela \I. LaCava, whr-, disposed oi trso cases. \otlong ago -\iiss La Car a n'as the first\voman to preside as -]udge in the CivilCourt of ihat citl'.The Unico Club of Torritrgton notlong ago held its fourth annual receptionin honor of the Torrington HighSchool Graduates of Italian birth orparentage in the Y. ]I. C. A. Gymnasiumof that cit1.. Among the speakers w'ereRev. Adam -{. Tangarone, AttorneyJohn ,I. Casale, and Paolo S. Abbate.The Clubs Officers are: Dr. Frank L.Polito, pres.; John J. Casale, vice-pres.;Alfred Avagliano, sec. ; Josepn Lavieri,treas.The Unico Club of Waterburv hel4irs ;;;ual outi'g to ny" e"".fr,'X.'"f.eralize its tariff or cance,l i{-world is to be extricated_f rom -d5b!; thelres- 1!r j"i'ent "" Zgth, to-,u1ich'thecconomic Uiico Clubsmorass,. Giuscppe, Facci, Ji 'ei"la.gp;.i 1.oiii"gio" wcreXt.l"!"t]' of t[e Italian .Chamber oI ut.n inrrit.a. Mr. "nJ- Freclerick" w. palomba\ onrmerce or )an rrancrscoJ fcceilily j. pr.esi,lcnc nf thc \\.ater.burv club.from rvhich Attornel' Giuscppe Zappullarecently resigned.Attorney A. James Gallo, of Wi1-mington was appointcd last month to theposition of Assistant City Soiicitor ofthat city. Atty. Gallo was admitted tothe \\rilmington Bar in 1929, af ter havingobtained his law degrec from George\\''ashington Univcrsity.DISTRICT OF COLUMBIAAttorney Joseph Schiavone, presidentof the International ExchangeBank of Washington, has been made amember of the Protective Committee ofthc District Barrkers' Association of thatciry.CEORCIAD,r. Beniamino De Ritis, of NewYork Ciry was invited reccntll.by theUniversity of Georgia to hold a ieriesof lectures on Italy at the Summer Sessionof the Institute of Public Affairs' 'f -\thcns, wiriclr began on July l8rh.I )r. De Riris's first ralk wes on the prescntFascist-Vatican controversy.ILLINOISFather flichele Cavallo, pastor ofthe Church of tl-re Rosarf in Chicago,lias becn made a Chevalier of the Crownof Ital1'. Others who were recentlymade Chevaliers ir.r that citv are Dr.Carmine Pintozzi and Dr.- DesolatoTaglia.A banquet to celebrate the recentconferring oi the Cross of Chcvalier ofthe Crown of Italy upon Costantino Vitello,president of the Italo-AmericanNational lJnion, rvas held by that organizationlast July 26th in ihe CameoRoom of the Morrison Hotel. I'Iorethan 1500 persons $'ere present. Honorarypresident of the committee incharge of preparations was the ItalianConsul General for Chicago. Cav. Uff.Giuseppe Castruccio. The executivecommittee was made up of Balzarro,chairman, V. E. Ferrara, treasurer, S.Vitello, secretary, L. Buonar.entura, M.Nardulli, P. Bianco, V. Prosapio, V.Schicchi. D. Tinaglia, Dr. S. Trrgrao,4tty. T. H. Landise, R. Guglielmucci, S.Faso and S. Clar"rsi.told rhe University ol Califurnia adulteducation summer school."There is more danger in Europe oI r-\trt A\I/A Dtr Maestro Ernesto Gargano of )iev'revolution than war," Dr. Facci declared. DELAWARE f)rleans has been maclc a Chevalier of"Germany is on the verge of failurethe Crown of ltaly. It is claimed forowing to payments of rc-parations. A Lieltenant Camine Vignola is the Maestro Gargano that he has done asnew tariff policy would have a stimulat- new Italian Consular Agent for Wil- much for Itjlian music in that city asing effect on lorld trade."rnington. having taken over tlre p,rsr Gatti-Cas_azza has done in New York.9tLOU IS IANA

92 ATLANTICA, AUGUST-SEPTEMBER, 1931MARYLAND ,.#;,:"",ll".i"lt:.i";iit'" ":l'ifl:uJ,i: i:g'1rl:'i:ii'H;J lffi,"$FtDr. Daniel ran,es pessagno, a.sur- :jililt,T,'J4i1.ir",*:n;j;1"ffm*l I:?J;"#':"::e-fl:?,i';:Td;:*'$'e.on oT Bahimore, rccentl! completed :"."t:;ri'^"i;;';;;,;;.- - A*L"g the Ciui.pp. D.r-agotta' Antonio Ilq1iStl:';;""r"rr.;J;nl-J-'op.tu,ion- thai was'F.i.t-4.li.^t'"., \\'ere Longrerr*t,, pi"it6'4. vagnini, arrd Frederick F'much talkcd of in the prcss, b}. s€parat- d^"i.i61". Assembly"nran Basiie, Judge Giglioli.ing twins who had been born joined to H"nrv Sitarra. former Alderman Wil-""?fr-'"1t.. abdominally by a tube more i;;'t.""4;;o-""a- tot-.r Assistant Mr. 'fheodore A. Galluci has sucittoot to"g. pror.i,toi-Finnk Bozza. ceeded Dr. Thomas F. Neaf sey-as presiJ""itt the Gridiron Club of Flushing'"" "Prof. Cornm. G. Pavese. of Balti- The C,rtis Institute of \'Iusic inmore is g:ving a series of talks over- th.e phiiadeiuhia recently announced thatradio from that city on the.gre]t ltal- Louis Dottini, vioiinlst of Trcrrton, Nians {rom Dar.rte to I'Iarconi. J., had passe,l the Institute's entranceMayor Jackson, or Baitinrore., re- il,l,:ll*l':l n,i'-ll,ilil'd^'.1$,J"".'. tl;cently zLppointed as coqstables oj.. that ihe Institr,re is i sigrral honor, since theciry Fietro Filippi and Giuseppe Uilento ipplicants are judgid largrly lrom theamong others.sijndpoint of natural talent.MASSACHUSETTSMore than 100 persons atter-rded thelast meeting oI the-Italian Historical Societvof Massachusetts for the summermonths. held at "Ledgewood,'' the beautifuleitate ol Nlr. and IIrs' James. J'Pheian oi Boston in \[anchester-by-thesca.Trrdce Frank Leveroni, vice-prestdrntof ihe society, prcsided over thcmceting, and amottg thc speekers wercPrr,I. Jamcs Ceddes of Boston Untvcrsitv.rvho spoke on "Italians in America,t'and \'{r. Phelan'The clistinction of being the firstltalian vouth of Massachusetts to beatlmittecf to the Naval Academ-v at Annapolishas Iallcn to Frank l\[. GambacortaoI East Boston.The Boston section o{ the ItalizrrrT-esirrrl tcccntlV clected the Iollorring officirs:Govanli B"iardi, pres': -Atti\-ittorio Orlandirri (formcr asslslerrlcorporation counsel of Bostoil).- r'iccpi.i.:Lo.ento Pellegrini. sec.: an'1 GiovanniDurante, treas.Af ter 20 r'ears' cxistence un cler tirename ol tie Italian AmericanizationClub. rhis club in Leominster hrsctiang"d its name to the Ttalian-Amcri-."n tiritens' Ch'b. Starting 1\'ith '16m"*bers, the club not' has more than500.M ISSOURIThe ltatrians of St. T-ouis are makingpreparations f or an "Italian Da,',1' attt1i "First Italian Fair'" to be held Augttst16th at West Lake Amusemcnt Park.Three Italian bakerics of St. Louisrecr nllv mersed under the neme of theSt. Lo;is Iralian Bakirrg Co.. rvith NicholasRomano as presidcnt a'td generalmanager. G. Bomnrarito es r ice-ptestdent,ancl Joseph l'{ancr-rso as treasurer,Ioseoh flarirri. first assistarrt prusecuio,-uI Cliffside Park. has becnelected chairman of the sixLh clectiondlsitict of the Bergen countl' RepubiicanCommittee, including Cliffside Park,Fort Lee and Edgervater.A lur.rcheon 1'as recentlJ' given 1bythe Kiu anjs Club oi Jersey City- inhonor oI the Royal Italian Consul Generelin Ncw - York CitY. Comm.Emanuelc Grtzzi' Comm. Grazzi spokeon rhe Derl the Iteliarls Jravc plaledin rhe lri'storl of l"he United Statcs..dt the reccut elections of the ltalian-AmericanIndependent Club of WestNerv York. the following were clcctetlto the Exccutivc Committee : A ttorne;''A. Arnrore. F. Castellano ancl G. Donadio.The'Board of Directors is n-radeLro of \[cssrs. R' Grima]di, ]1. Tegliarini,F. Aragona, -8. Castino. R. I\tielc. A'Cataoanrr. L. Agresti, J. Brrongiorno. R.Scer.;, J. Di Silvo, C. Ciritelli and S'D'Orsi.S. Palrner Dante, of Ncrvark, rvasrecentlv eonointcd 1o the executive office.f .\ssistant Chjef Au,litor in the auditinsand accounting dcpartmtnt in theStZte House at Tretltott. Xlr. Dantc,who received his Bachelor of ScienceJ.sre" i.r- Srractlsc University in 1q21.is i menrbcr oi manY clubs.Rev. Salvatore C' Cozzi, l)as1or ofrhe Ttalian Congregational Church oIClifiside Palk and Borough Poormaster,u.as elected last month assistant secretar1,q1 the State Association of Oversee"rsof the Poor at the meeting he1c1for that purpose at Atlantrc City"NEW YORK CITYThe first Italian-American districtieader in New York Citv is Albert J"\'{arinelli. who last month r'vlested theTammanv leadership of the Seconcl AssemblvDistrict ftom HarrY C. PerrY,,n'ho had held it {or the past 17 I'ears'l\larinelli, a reai cstate oleralor, j., ". -11-tive of the district and r,r'as born in 1883.NEW JERSEYIn response to a telegram from Word g'as receilecl itl \.gt'-Yorft tept..ia""t'Hoovei asking'iris opinion centl-v that Beniamino Gigli' Metrop-oliin"tittt.latter's mor'ator"ium p1an, Con- tan opera Co'np4'ty tenor" has been decgr.tr-.ttPeter A. Cavicchia of Nervark orated by the French Govcrnment ati;;;1v^t;p1i"i -"t toriot'.' ;'Yo' *"v Paris *-iih the cross of the Legion ofcount on my hearty support in respect Honor'to postponement oi debts as proposedtt ;;;.' I rvish to congratulate yo, c,,.t.r -The ltalian Chamber of Commerceli.'.outog"oui- rt"na y|u hou" taken." of QLreens County is to celebrate itsGiuseppe Vada, Emilio \{iani and\nto"lo^ bavid reccntly passed- throughDetroit in a Studebaker on tltetr rvayt- no-.. TheY left New York lastt ,o reach Romc by way of t anada.'rhc 'o*tr Bering Straits, Siberla, Rrrssia andEurope.The rvinner of the Nern' YorkWorld-Telegram's competition to deter'--i"" tt't. dost valuabie scholastic ballniit.. in the metropolitan area recentlyi.:ri To.t La Rocca of Texrile Highlcnool. I{e rviil leave August 9th oniliee fVestern trip rvith the New YorkYankees.The Augustus, largest motorshiP inthe rvorldf and the Roma, -its -sisteritrir.in a,ldition to the regular Winterserr-icc o i the Italia-America Line totr{editerranean polts, will operate aspecirl ciuise servicc, according .to a-nmarle recently at lts oLfices.-'Iiwo 1 State Street'"nnot'nce*cnttrips rvi11 be made by t1l-" A-usustusL. rhe \Vest InJies, while thcRorrra till mal

IOne of the features of the presentationof diplornas last month at HarlemHouse to 87 people of several nationalities,marking the completion of a oneyearcourse -in English and citizenshipIor the foreign-born, was a letter fromPresident Hoover to Edward Corsi, theHouse's Hcad Worker, commending thework being done.Two Italian moving pictures *'hichplayed recently in New York City wereiMaciste all'lnterno" (,\laciste in Hell)produced by the Pifialug? Studios inItalv and Dresenlcd at the WarnerBroihers Thearre. and "Lo Stormo Atlantico,''a silenr film record oI theflisht of Genrral Italo Balbo from ILalyto"Brazil, rcleased through the Trans-America Film Co., and presented at theEighth Street Playhouse.Comm. Giulio Gelardi, manager oILondon's Claritlge Hotel, has been invitedt,r the inariguration in New Yorkof the ncw WaldorI Astoria Tow-ers,While in New York, he will continue asmanager ol the Claridge, and hc willalso bc in charge of the apartments oithe new Waldorf Astoria.A new Italian periodical has begunoublicaticn in New Yolk City. It is thei'Rivisra de1 Sarto Italiano" (The halianTailor), dedicated to "the defenseof the ideals and the interests of the50,000 tailors of Italian origin residentin the Unrted States."Rev. Cherubino Viola, pastor of theChurch of Nlount Carmel in Mount Vernonfor the past year, was recentlytendered a farewell banquet bY hisfriends on the occaslon of his beingtransferred to a new parish in Pittsburgh,Pa.A military high mass of requiem forthe late Dulie ofAosta was held recentlyat St. Pacrick's Cathedral, under theauspices t f Emanuele Grazzi, -ItalianConsul General irt New York, and sponsoredbv the National Italian War Veterans'Association, Among those whotook oart were Mgr. M. J. Lavelle, rectorof the cathedral. the Right Rev.Pietro Fumasoni-Bjondi, Apostolic Delegareto the united states, LieutenantD"r. Salvatore Bonanno, and Rev. P'Filippo Robotti. Many consular officialsof other countries were also present.NEW YORK STATEThe New York State 1)ePartnient ofEducation recently announced the winnersof industrial teachers' scholarshipsof $1000 eat-h and one year's tuition atthe Buffalo State College for Teachers.Mr. Joseph Omasino of Rochester w'asone -of the rvinners in the bricklayerc1ass,State Senator Cosmo Cilano has anforthe post ofCourt in Rochesalreadyorganizappointment.ing to bring about hisnounced his candidacyJudge of the Supremeter. His f riends areMiss Fl,avia Riggio, daughter of Mr.Vincent Riggio, vice-president oI theAmerican Tobacco ComPanY, was marriedrecently to Montague HoraceHackett in Iivington, N. Y. Miss MarcellaModra wai maid of honor andFrank Riggio, a brother of the brideTHE ITALIANS IN THE UNITEDserved as best man, while anotherbrother, Louis Riggio, was one of theushers.At the recent New York State PharmaceuticalAssociation Convention heldat Richfield Springs, the Italian PharmaceuticalAssociation of New Yorkwas the largest in attendance. Thismay have becn due to the popularity oIthe outgoing PresidenL of the State Association,\'Ir. Micliael Gesoalde, andthe incoming 3rd Vice-President, Mr.Iohn Scavo. A feature of the conveniiot'r*as the Italian Night held in honorof former President Gesoalde.oH roMr. B en. V. MarcSni, AssistantCashier ol the First Trust and SavingsBank of Car-rton, has been made a Chevalierof the Crown of ltaly.ORECONMr. Giuseppe Lemma, a well'knownrnerchant in Linnton, has been made directorof the Independent Merchants'Association oI the State of Oregon."La Tribuna Italiana," an Italiarrweekly of Portland, recently completedits 20th year. Its editor is I[r. RufinoCarocci.PEN NSYLVAN IAAttorney Guy De Furia, of Chester,has been appointed Assistant DistrictAttorney in that city. Attorney DeFuria, who received his 1aw degree threeyears ago, was born in Philadelphia in1904. He was graduated from the Universityof Pennsylvania in 1922 andwas elected to Phi Beta Kappa. In 1928he received his law degree from thesame university.Following his decision to enter hiscandidacy as Director of Schools, Dr.S. L. Scibetta of Erie has resigned asoresident of the Federation oI Italianisocicties in that citv. Another Italiancandidate lor the position is Rev. F.Scarpitti. The Board of Directors iscomposed of three members"Rev. Cav. Antonio Garritano. rectorof the Church Cristo Re della Pace inPhiladelphia, and who is now in ltaly,was received recently in private audienceby His Holiness Pope Pius XI, who impartedhis apostolic benediction to him.Dr, Helen Angelucci, the only Italianlvoman physician in Philadelphia, recentlysailed for a short stay in Italy.Before sailing, she rvas given a banquetin Maple Shade, N. J., by herfriends r,vith Miss Theresa F. Bucchieriin charge of arrangements. Dr.Angelucci, rn,ho has been practicing inPhiladelphia for the past three years,irtends to return to that city towardthe end of August.The Italian Stores Corporation, ofPhiladelphia recently held its annual picnicfor its employees in Fairmount Park,attended by more than 300. GeneralManager of the Corporation is Mr.Pietro Campanella, and Mr. Leone Stallois his assistant.STATES 93The Itaiian-American Citizens'League oI Philadelphia recently electedthe following officers: Albelico Santeila,pres. ; Antonio De Luca, vice-pres.;. Irlichele Castelluci, corr. sec.; Nicola' Bassetti, fin. sec.; and Carlo De Vito,treas.Nino Martini, Italian tenor. has beenengaged to appear t'ith the PhiladelphiaGrand Opera Company next season.He r,i'i11 make his American debut.RHODE ISLANDMiss Marie De Feo, of Providence,by successfully passing the State Denta1Hygienists Board Examination, hasbecome the first of her sex to qualify asa dental hygienist in Rhode Island. Thiswas the first examination of its kindever to be given in that State.Nicola Cai:darone rvas one of thetwo students recently selected by GovernorCase to represent Rhode Island atWashington to determine the effect oftalking pictures on educational methods.Besides taking examinations, the studentswere received at the White House,the Capitol, Arlington, Mount Vernonand Annapolis.The Italo-American Club of Providenceheld a dinner-dance in that city onthe eve of the Fourth ot July. TheCommittee included Albert Famiglietti,Ralph Lotito, Fred Simonini and PaulDe Pace.More than 300 people gathered recentlyat the home of Mr. and Mrs.Deny Pascone in Providence for a gardenparty held there under the auspicesof the Rhode lsland Council of ItalianWomen. Among the speakers rvereJudge Antonio A. Capotosto and AttorneyLuigi De Pasquale.Prof. Alfred P. Zanbarino, of Providence,was recently re-elected to continuehis duties as musical director of theMnemosyne Society of Fine Arts inthat city.TEXASAt a recent meeting o{ the Iialia'Women's Welfate Councii of Dalias, l::elast meeting ol the summer montis. ;efollowing officers were re-electei. ::t-:term beginning next Septembe:: )'l:sT. De George, pres.; Miss If a::= i.--rino and Mrs. R. Terranell:.-.i:t-'--=;--dents ; I\Irs. Carlo f Ies'ira.. '. -- -- "-Miss Francis Candiotta, trea.. -' l-- -: -Messina was elected ccrre: . -:. -.-: =::-retary,Mrs. T. De Georgrl is :i,- , ::::r -:the organization and s:t -:-: ::-- --:president for three -rqa:..VIRCIN IAAt the recent 1;tion of the Ordeiday congress heiimonth, Gr. Ufi.was elected to hisVenerable oi --:r:period of fou: 1.a--:Supreme Cou-a:- r3-$

Atlantica in BreueA richiesta di parecchi abbonati presentiamo un breve sommario degliarticoli pubblicati in inglese in questo numero di ATLANTICA. saremograti a quei lettori che vorranno farci avere il loro pensiero al riguardo.TOPICS OF THE MONTHby Edward Corsi* rF * * Il rncsc scorso asserimrrroche ii trionfo del1a criminalit) inAmerica d dovuto alla protezioneche essa riceve dai politicanti. LaCommissione lVickersham sostienequesto punto cli vista. Ne1la suaultima relazione, infatti, ieggiamo:Una delle cause principali d la benconosciuta e spesso provata alleanzatra criminali e politicanta corrottila quale conlrolla. almeno in partedove non completamente. il corpodi polizia de1le nostre citti.I capi di polizia si sono afirettatia negare, ma il pubblico d bene aconoscenza dello stato vero del1ecose. Politicanti corr:otti offrono aicriminali l'aiuto e la protezionenecessaria per le loro operazioni.Essi ne dividono i guadagni. Senzaprotezione da parte dei politicanti.i delinquenti troverebbeio clifhcilemantenere una indr-rstria che occupaoggi uno dei posti pii importantifra le grandi industrie di America.* * * * Lapolizia, ci dice la Commissione\\'ickersharrr. conosce icrirnirrali. l\la a Nerv York la poliziaprofessa una ignoranza meravigliosache spesso trascende neltragico. Esempio recente d quellodeli'eccidio dei bambini a Flast Har-1em.Non essenclo in graclo di fare c1egliarresti che portino alla soluzionedel delitto, i poliziotti ne danno lacolpa agli italiani del distretto nelquale avvenne il terribile misfatto.La verit) d che in questi ultimimesi, clelitti si sono succedr-rti a delitti.Tutti crimini prof essionali,concepiti ed eseguiti c1a delinquentidi prof essione. Nessun arresto.nessun tndizio di colpevoli. Nd laminima evidenza de11'efficienza del1apolizia, Nessuna protczione per ilpubblico. C'd da rneravigliaisi srg1i italiani non parlano ?Ma chi parla a Ner,v York ? Nessunoha parlato finora nel casoRothstein. Nd nel caso Gordon.Nd nel1e centinaia di altri casi insoltied insolubili che danno a Neu-Yorli una reputazione che ancheChicago non desidera. Gli italianiparlarono in Sicilia quando si reserosicuri deila protezione del governo.Questi crimir-rali, dice la relazioneWickersham, sono conosciuti dallapolizia, ma a causa clella influenzasinistra esercitata da politicanti corrottoessi sono in grado di potercontinuare le loro carriere criminali,quando, se non fosse per tale inflienza,la polizia po,trebbe darernigliori risultati di quelli che da.x t; r'< * L'ex-vescovo Potter predisseche g1i italiani entro cinquantaanni avrebirero governato NelvYork. Finora, perd, con 200,000voti a loro disposizione gli itahanil-ianno f atto lenti progressi. Maadesso sembra che facciano passi dagiganti.ltlel 1929, quanclo ii CongressmanLa Guardia si presentd a candidatoper sindaco di Nelv Yorli, essi die-_d-ero un pd c1a pensare a TammanyIjall. Adcsso colla nomina di A1-l,ert Marincili a "districr leader" c1iTammany, essi fanno rivivere quellaproiezra de1 r'escovo Potter. lVonche la vittoria di Marinelli sia decisiva,ma essa rivela certe tendenzechc potranno portare lontano.THE TURNINC TIDE OFIMMIGRATIONby Dominick LamonicaPer ia prirna volta in 70 anni, ciinf orma i1 Comn'rissario Generaiedell'Immigr:azione, il numero degliimnrigranti non h:l superato i centomila, cifre abbastanza meschina inconfronto clcl milione c1i immigratiarrivati nel i914. Pii interessanteancora d il falto che mentre nel1914 lrcn .515,000 immigranti venlreroclassificati quaii braccianti,l'anno scorso solo 8,000 ricevetteroquella classifica.I-a clepressione economica, naturalmente,ha proclotto i suoi effetti.Bisogna pure tenere conto delnumero dei clcportati. Mentre ne1941928 i deportati ammontarono a11,625; il 1or-o numero nel 1930 salia 16,631. A proposito di deportazione,d bene far notare come gliitaliani occupino uno degli ultimiposti neli'eienco delle nazionalid deidep

ATLA\TTICA IN BREVE95CANCERby Dr. A. P. Vastola'-,.r-li anno, pir) di centomila per-"r-r muoiono di cancro negli StatiL-riti. Secondo statistiche uf6cia1i,su ogni dieci persone viventi in.\nrerica. oggi. una i destinata a rnoriredi cancro. Delle donne cher:ruoiono fra 1'et) di 45 a 65 anni,rna su cinque d destinata a soffrirela telribile malattia.I1 cancro esiste quasi esclusivarnentef ra i popoli civili. Essoviene carattertzzato da un tumorelocaTizzato, il quale finisce per disseminarsiin tutto il corpo. Unaclella ragioni deila grande mortalitid dovuta alle idee sbagliate che sihanno della malattia. Molti credono,per esempio, che il cancro siasempre accompagnato da dolori.Altri suppongono, a torto, che ilcancro sparisca da solo.I1 cancro non d essenzialmenteereditario, nd contagioso. Esso ddovuto principalmente ad irritazioni.Piccoii polri, se irritati continuamente,possono produrre i1cancro. Denti guasti possono causareil cancro della bocca o della lingr1a.L'eccessivo uso di tabaccopud essere anche causa di cancro.11 cancro dello stomaco d dovuto apasti non masticati. I sintomi delcancro sono: protuberanze in qualsiasiparte de1 corpo, in ispecie nelpetto, clispersioni irregolari di sangu€,indigestione persistente conconseguente perdita di peso.E' bene far conoscere agli italianiche il nuovo ospedale Colombo diNew \lork d provisto di tutti gliallparccchi pii rnoderni. come puredi un dipartimento speciale. per lacura del cancro.FROM BUENOS AIRES TONEW YORK BY AUTO-MOBILEby Lorenzo ScuderiE' difficile in-rmaginare 1e clifficolt)immense che si presentano a1viaggiator-e desideroso di affrontareun viaggio in automobile ciaBuenos Aires a Neur Yorli. Eppuletre italiani hanno avuto i1 coraggio,temelarieti vorremmo quasi dire, diintrapenderlo. Solo uno, perd, i'haportato a compimento, raggiungencloNew York dopo circa due anni.Ventisette mila miglia di diflicilissimotragitto. tra monti e fiumi maisuperati da automobiii ! L'onorede11a traversata va a Giovanni Tu1-liani. Carlo Massacesi e LorenzoScuderi. 11 Tulliani, perd decise dirimanere a Citti di X4essico. il Mas-sacesi si fermd a Detroit e fu quindi1o Scuderi ad arrivare solo a NervYork.ANGELO PATRIby Giuseppe PrezzoliniAngelo Patri d una vera illustrazionedella genialiti italiana.fmmaginate un figlio di pastori der,lintorni di Napoli. trasf()rtaro inquesto paese quasi infante, e chediventa un oracolo della scuolaamericana ! Ci vanno da tr-rtte leparti d'America e del mondo avisitarla; e sebbene sia una scuolamedia americana, possiamo esserneorgogliosi ancora noi perchd quelche le da anima d il sentimentoartistico italiano. I1 Patri ha datoalla scuola una carattere di spontaneit)e di lar-oro. Da cima afondo la scuoia d un inno a1 lavoroe alla autononia. Si lavora collegno, co1 ferro, col1a creta, siscolpisce e si costruisce. E non perischerzo o in proporzioni infantili,ma sul serio. Dalla tipografiadella scuola escono dei veri libriadornati di iilustrazioni in legno oin zinco, che farebbero onore amoitissime tipografie artistiche.THE ITALIAN PHYSICIANSIN NEW YORK CITYCi sono a Nerv York tre societ)mediche italiane: The Associationof Italian Ph1'sicians in America,cli Manhattan, con pin di duecentomembri; The Brookl,vn ItalianI{edical Societl', con pii di 175membri;e The Bronx ltalian NleclicalFraternity, con 54 membri.Ogni societi d indipendente 1'unaclall'altra, quantunque da pocotempo a questa parte, 1e tre societ)hanno deciso di tenere lelororiunioni generali in gruppounico. I-'ultima riunione ebbeluogo a1 Columbr-rs Hospitai questaestate-E'bene far notare che queste associazionisono composte in granparte di medici nati e laureate inAmerica.OSTIA ANC I ENT AN DMODERNby Arnaldo CervesatoFra 1e grandi opere iniziate dalRegime Fascista una del1e piu importantid la congiunzione di Romacol mare. A ta1 fine, 1a vecchiacitta d'Ostia, gia emporium diRoma, risorge a nuova vita, prosperacitta di villini ed elegante sedebalneare. NIa l'opera del governonon si d arrestata li. Accanto adOstia moderna, r'isorge anche Ostiaantica, con i suoi ruderi gloriosi, asempre pii vivo ricorclo della suapassata grandezza.SELECTIONS FROMITALIAN PRESSI MEDICI ATTORNOGERMANIA(Alberto De Stefanide!la Sera )THEALLAin CorriereSembra che tutti i medici sianointorno alla Germania, come se nonvi f ossero altri malati, mentre ilmondo d tutto malato. E, ailora sipensa che le condizioni della Gerrnaniadebbono essere ben gravi sesi giudica che essa meriti questoparticolare trattamento. . . . Malatasi, ma non malata pii di tutti, chdanzi l'economia tedesca, sembra damolti aspetti avere ancora un'elasticitirnaggiore dell'economia dialtri Paesi, della sressa economiadegli Srati Uniti, oggi. e cerrode1l'economia inglese. Eppure laforma della malattia tedesca non ddifficile a prognosticarsi. Ii segretosi trova nel piano delie riparazioni epii ancora nel servizio dei prestitiesteri la cui regolarit) interessasopra tutto i Paesi prestatori. Eccoperchd la situazione finanziaria dellaGermania d seguita, particolarmenterlai Paesi creditori, con arrsiosa attenzione.PRIMO: DISARMARE(Lido Caiani in Popolo d'ltalia)L'opinione pubbl ica internazionaled ormai convinta che la presentedepressione economica del- mondonon puo essere risolta se non sicomincia al pii presto a risolvere i1problema degli armamenti. Gliarmamenti costituiscono una minacciaed nn pericozo, non una garanziaper la pace del mondo. Bisogrracominciare col rinunciare ad avereragione per forza e col gettare labasi di quella solidariet) inrernazionaleche ora d solo proclamatadelle ciausole e nei codicilli deipatti di pace, nul1i ed efficaci fino aquando ad essi faranno contrasto illogicog1i armamenti condotti finoaila loro pir) alta espressione dipotenza, di costo e di minaccia.Bisogna ristabilire l'equilibrio morale,politico ed economico f ra 1enazioni, turbato da1la esistenza deglienormi presenti armamenti.

tATLANTICA, AUGUST-SEPTEMBtrR, 1931DA HARLEM A CHICAGO(C. Falbo in Progresso ltalo-Americano)Nessuno parla. Questo d ilcodice Siciliano, commenta il "N.Y. Telegram."Ma tutti sanno, invece, chequesto d, oggi, iI codice americano.O, se pir) vi piace, il codiceuniversale.Nessuno parla; perchd se si trattadi affiliati ad associazioni a delinqueredi qualsiasi razza la consegnad di russare; se si tratta dionesta gente tutti, pir) o meno, preferisconotacere, in vista di possibilispedizioni punitive.\roler fare distinzioni di razzao di colore per questo che d unostato d'animo generalizzato, d darprova di cieco attaccamento a vecchipregiudizi d. dar prova di assolutaincomprensione della veriti e dellarealt). L'omert) siciliana vale I'omertiebraica or irlandese, tedesca ocinese; la reticenza dei testimoni ela prudenza dei giurati sono la conseguenzadel1a prepotenza indomitadei malviventi, divenuta spavaldada quando Ia ricchezza pii facile epir) cospicua, offerta ad essi dalproibizionismo, ha reso capi eseguaci di grosse associazioni a delinquerecapaci di pagare a pesod'oro la loro impunitd,.GLI ITALIANI COMINCIANOAD ESSERE QUALCHE COSANELLA POLITICA DI N. Y.(L. Barzini in Corriered'America)La nomina di Alberto J. Marinellia capo tammanista del Secondo Distrettodi New York e il segno di unnuovo riconoscimento della forzaelettorale italo-americano nellaMetropoli. Gli italo-americani sonocresciuti di numeror sono salitivalidamente nell'ordine sociale,sono andati sempre pit conquistandoprestigio, rispetto e ricchezza, manella partecrpazione alla cosa pubblicasono stati finora tenuti indietro,trascurati.La loro potenza attuale d di circa600,000 voti ne1lo Stato di NewYork, dei quali 390,000 nella solacitti di New York. Questo slgnificache i cittadini di origineitaliana possono essere, se uniti,I'elemento decisivo de11e battaglieelettorali.La Tammany Hall ha potutosempre fare assegnamento sulladisciplina e sulla f edelt) degliitalo-americani. Gf italiani, divisi,disorientati, condotti da piccoli capiin lotta fra loro, erano facilmentemanovrati dalla Tammany seflzaadeguati compensi. Non sapevanoe non potevano chiedere niente.Adesso gi'italiani cominciano afarsi sentire. Si domandano perchddebbano essere i pir) sacrificati,perchd essi non siano protetti, perchddebbano continuare a fortificarecon i loro voti un'organizzazionedi partito che al momento delbisogno mette gli italiani in coda atr-rtti.ARTICOLO DI ESPORTAZIONE(Critica Fascista )Non da oggi incontriamo ognitanto, fuori d'Italia, quaiche segnodi una accettazione, conscia o inconscia,della nostre concezioniintorno allo Stato e ai suoi problemiattuali. Le nostre concezioni menoortodosse, pii scandalose per lamentalita media ellropea, affioranopoi, qua e li, fuori d'Italia, cometrovate originali, nuovissime, acute,appena le circostanze le sollecitano.Di questi giorni. per esempio,due francesi, Lucien Coperchot eAndrd Maurois, riconoscono come1'organizzazione statale del loroPaese non si presti molto a fronteggiarela crisi.. . . . Comunque, noi non possiamoche compiacerci quando vediamoche certe verit), le veriti su cui sibasa la nostra originale costruzionestatale, sono scorte anche 1) dovepir) acre era finora il misconoscimentoe la critica. Ma dobbiamometterci in guardia contro unpericolo, che aggiungerebbe le beffeal danno che 1'ostinato misconoscimentoci porta: il pericolo che lenostre idee si mettano a girare ilmondo con etichette francesi o diqualche altro pziese, e che magaripretendano di rientrare in Italiacon codeste etichette, come avvieneper i cappelli di Borsalino e per lelane di Prato...TERRORISMO SUD-ITALIANO''(Bollettino della Sera)A proposito deil'eccidio di EastHarlem il "New York EveningPost" scrisse recentemente: "Evero che abbiamo in mezzo a noiquesto terrorismo sud-italiano."Potremmo fare a meno di rilevarele asserzioni dell'editorialista amerrcanose a noi non incombesse ildovere di difendere il nostro nomecontro tutto e contro tutto con quelfiero sdegno che noi deriviarno dailalucida coscienza di tarre la nostraorigine-da una grande Nazione,che, maestra di tutte le cose belle egrandi, non d stata mai maestra didelitto.Questo d un privilegio e un primatoche lasciamo a. paesi di pir)fresca e acerba civilta.Noi parliamo per l'Italia e per gliItaliani d'America, che, contro ognibieco tentativo di denigrazione e didiminuzione, hanno ormai incisa laloro storia in un sublime poenq dilavoro e di onest), i cui splendorisono il diadema che cinge la fronteanche del nostro piil umile emigrato.Noi parliamo per quel "South ofItaly", che, mentre vuole essere percerti americani una delimitazionegeografica discriminatoria, d inveceuna realti storica dell'unit) nazionaleitaliana, che non consente demarcazioniterritoriali e che proprionel Mezzogiorno e nelle Isole hauna preziosa ed inesauribile riservadi icchezza materiale e di energiemorali.Rimandiamo a scuola l"'EveningPost", con i suoi scrittori dalla pennalesta e dalla coscienza leggera;li rimandiamo a scuola perchd tuttoimparino e cessino dall'offenderecon 1a loro leggerezza e cot la loroignoranza il giornalismo americano,che ha cosi nobili tradizioni di sapienzae di onesti.HOW ABOUT SEGREGATION?(A. Bevilacqua in "The'ltalianEcho" of Rhode lsland)Ci sono degli italiani in Americamaggiormente nella vita americanai quali credono che per affermarcid necessario che ci stringiamo ancorapii intorno a1la bandiera dellaItalianiti-altri, invece, mantengonoche se vogliamo farci strada bisognache ci americanizziamo ancorapi,).Ora d bene notare che gli italianinon si organizzano per mantenerestretta entiti. dr razza. Quei pochiche desiderano mantenere 1e lorotradizioni e le loro consuetudini, appartengonoa quel gruppo esiguodegli immigranti della vecchia generazione.D'altra parte non d consigliabilerinchiuderci entro unAmericanismo al cento per centoche ci priverebbe di assorbire ilpatrimonio spirituale degli italiani.

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