of my neighbors... But I did not resist...because … they know that maybe I wastransgender/effeminate, so they will just[unfinished phrase] …Transgender woman Jelay said:He [my uncle] lifted me bodily into theroom. He said, ‘You’re a bakla so you suckmy penis.’ Of course, at that time [I wasin second grade], I had no idea aboutthose things. Then he told me to just suckit…[He raped me and] my anus was torn,some organs came out of the wound, andit was stitched later.Several respondents said they had consideredsuicide in the immediate aftermath of verbalabuse, which often represented the culminationof years of mistreatment.At the time, only cisgendered women could belegally considered rape victims, but a case wasfiled nonetheless against Jelay’s uncle. Duringthe court hearing, both the local communityand the judge were alleged to have commentedon the presumed role Jelay’s own identity as atransgender girl played in the assault. Accordingto Jelay:When my mother came home [after theattack], I had a lot of blood here [indicatinghis buttocks], and … my mother andmy uncle and his wife [argued, saying],‘She is a bakla she probably flirted andasked for it.’ It was brought to courtbecause I was a minor that time, and [myuncle] was sent to prison until now…There was a hearing, and of coursepeople from both sides came [to court].His side of the family, they were sayingthings like, ‘Because she’s bakla, maybeshe flirted with the guy.’ … The judgequestioned me; he thought maybe I wasshowing motives for the guy … Thenour lawyer asked how can I show motivewhen I was so young and didn’t knowmuch about those things… I think wehad two hearings.Anne, a bisexual woman, said her former malepartner used physical and sexual assault as ameans of denigrating her sexual orientation:[It happened] a few times. I denied itbecause it is one of the justifications hehad in beating me, so I totally denied itafter. But he wouldn’t believe me [referringto her sexual orientation]. He evenhumiliated me also because of that...Because I think he found it intimidating,that’s what he said anyway. “What canyou find in those women?”Many people in the transgender communityadvise against working in typecast occupations,suggesting instead that transgender people takeup corporate work or enter political office toavoid discrimination and abuse. However, onetransgender woman who worked as a villageofficial found that her position offered her noprotection from a colleague’s sexual advances.Lei, transgender respondent:… we were talking, then he said, ‘Youare very … Kap 36 … Your hands area bit unbecoming. We’re just going tolook at your [breasts] …’ I’ve heard fromother kagawads (village officers) who arewith me that he brags that he was able tomash my breasts.Transgender women in our research alsoreported being subject to physical and sexualviolence at the hands of strangers or acquaintances,which included unwanted touching of thebody, forced sexual acts, humiliation and theinflicting of pain.36 Kap is a colloquial honorary title, the abbreviated form ofcapitan de barangay (village captain).18VIOLENCE: Through the Lens of Lesbians, Bisexual Women and Transgender People in Asia
Candy, transgender respondent:Men who hang out at [street] corners,they touch me. They ask me while doingthat, ‘Do I have a vagina yet?’ I tell them,‘None yet, just wait and we’ll get there.’Svetlana, transgender respondent:There was this guy [from out of nowhere]forcing me to have sex with him. I toldhim I can’t, I made all the excuses – No,no, no, am so tired, I have boyfriend.Suddenly I told him, [I] am sick, I haveSTD … he grab me somewhere in thedark, push me, like do something aboutit, do something very sexual like… I wasable to escape.Madelene is a transgender rape survivor, and wasable to put her abuse in a social context, lamentingthe fact that she was considered a slave, atoy, the recipient of punishment, a worthless sexobject, a used object, a nothing:My hands were tied behind my back and Iwas stripped of my clothes. Good thing Iwas able to escape... it was just ‘attempted’[rape], I mean... like you’re a sex slave; [a]play toy. It is tolerable men to have sexwith a transgender because [the perpetratoris] still a man and it is [the transgenderwomen’s] punishment because he’s makinghimself a woman. Punishment ... look,you’re dressed like a woman so I’ll have sexwith you ... It is like we’re just being usedbecause we do not have worth. You’re asexual object. You are used, and after thatyou are nothing.Manifestations ofDiscriminationDiscrimination in SchoolsSome teachers appeared to impose their ownpersonal values and used institutional rules tosuppress people’s gender expression, includinggiving students lower grades than they deserved.Lesbian respondent Kel:… she [my high school teacher] said …I should behave accordingly and not likethe way I’m behaving now... I had somecrushes, too; she didn’t like it... that’s whyshe’s involving my grades.Many of the LBT women interviewed said theyfelt pressured to alter their preferred gender expressionwhile at school and while wearing schooluniforms. They reported that some officials explicitlysought to change their behavior. Transgenderwoman, Madelene, said:You get to talk with the disciplinarian.They act like, “Why are you beingdisciplined?’ [I said] because of whatI wore, sir. ‘What are you wearing?’Women’s clothes. ‘Why are you wearinga woman’s clothes? You’re a man. Don’tyou know that it is a sin... because youare born as a man? God never mademan as a woman.’ They really let youfeel guilty so that you revert back to belike that.One school tasked health workers with determiningthe sexual orientation and genderidentity of particular students who had beensingled out for attention. Stef, transgenderrespondent said:… they [counselors] were trying torehabilitate us. … I think it was Grade 6… All of us, gays in the whole batch…Philippines: Kwentong Bebot 19