philippines

LGBT, which is a source of frustration amongmodern activists. Despite monumental effortsexpended by both activists and LGBT citizensin advocating for the urgent disuse of the term,the average bakla on the street would proclaimhis/her proud membership of the Third Sex inpageants, TV appearances, and Facebook posts.Tomboy is the historically predominant termproduced by Philippine culture to describewhat the public sees as masculine womenand also, but less often, to describe womenwho identify as lesbians. In some ways, thedevelopment of the tomboy concept sharessimilar linguistic meanings and developmentsas the term bakla. Tomboy tends to conflateand hybridize the identities of butch lesbians,FTM transsexuals, and heterosexual womenwho act butch. Because the idea of femininelesbians did not have traction in the Filipinopsyche in the 20 th century, they probably werenot included in the tomboy classification unlessone’s orientation was disclosed to the public.Other terms are tibo, tiboli, tibam, pars, softbutch, and hard butch for the butch lesbiansand mars, femme, and lipstick lesbians for thefemme lesbians.Transpinay means a female human being ofPhilippine descent who was given a male sexassignment at birth. The Society of TranssexualWomen of the Philippines (STRAP) launchedthe term during the 2008 Manila Pride March.It is a combination of the words transsexual,someone whose gender identity is directlyopposite of his/her sex assignment at birth, andPinay, the local term for Filipina, a girl/womanfrom the Philippines.APPENDIX B:MethodologyThe Rainbow Rights Project, the project leaderin the Philippines, created a country team composedof advocates and researchers sympatheticto the plight of lesbian, bisexual and transgender(LBT) women.Members of the country team attended the firstAsia Activist Institute, convened by IGLHRCfrom April 13-17, 2010 in Antipolo City, Philippines.The Institute was convened with theprimary goal of building the capacity of activistsfrom five Asian countries (Japan, Malaysia, SriLanka, Pakistan and the Philippines) to documentviolence against LBT women. It was during thisinstitute that the objectives and methodology forthis project were developed and the definition ofviolence, discrimination, identity and behaviorwere operationalized.The country team, together with members ofpartner organizations, participated in a humanrights documentation workshop on November6, 2010 at the West Trade Center, Quezon City,Philippines, in preparation for this three-yearnationwide documentation project. ProfessorsBeatriz Torre and Eric Julian Manalastas of theDepartment of Psychology at the University ofthe Philippines facilitated the workshop, whichincluded a discussion about data collection instrumentsand protocol. Mock interviews werealso conducted to familiarize participants withdata collection instruments and processes.The country team partnered with four LBT organizationsin the gathering of data collection fromMarch 2011 to February 2012. Information wasgathered from non-heteronormative women whohad experienced discrimination and violence. Thedata-collection protocol included strict compliancewith ethical considerations. The countryteam ensured that the target groups (lesbians,bisexual women and transgender women) and thethree main island groups in the country (Luzon,32VIOLENCE: Through the Lens of Lesbians, Bisexual Women and Transgender People in Asia