Constant Envelope OFDM Phase Modulation - Dr. James R. Zeidler

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“Before PhD,I chopped wood and carried water;After PhD,I chopped wood and carried water.”—[Slightly modified] Zen saying“I wish I could be more moderate in my desires. But I can’t, so there is no rest.”—John Muir, 1826“I know this: a man got to do what he got to do. . . ”—Casy, The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck, 1939iv
TABLE OF CONTENTSSignature Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iiivList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viiiList of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiixiiiVita and Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xivAbstract of the Dissertation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvi1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.1 An Introduction to OFDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.1 ISI-Free Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.2 A Multicarrier Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1.3 Discrete-Time Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.2 Problems with OFDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91.3 Constant Envelope Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.4 Constant Envelope OFDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131.5 Thesis Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 OFDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152.1 More OFDM Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.1.1 The Cyclic Prefix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.1.2 Discrete-Time Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.1.3 Block Modulation with FDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.1.4 System Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222.2 PAPR Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242.3 Power Amplifier Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262.4 Effects of Nonlinear Power Amplification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30v
Page 1 and 2: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
Page 3: The dissertation of Steve C. Thomps
Page 7 and 8: 7 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 9 and 10: 2.17 PAPR CCDF of clipped OFDM sign
Page 11 and 12: B.3 Running average of papers read
Page 13 and 14: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI want to first tha
Page 15 and 16: S. C. Thompson, J. G. Proakis, and
Page 17 and 18: this thesis, the fundamental aspect
Page 19 and 20: 2point A¢£Propagation pathspoint
Page 21 and 22: 4All of these techniques require kn
Page 23 and 24: 6frequency of the kth subcarrier is
Page 25 and 26: 85Channel power (dB)0-5-10-15-20-25
Page 27 and 28: 10OFDM signal isandR {s(t)} =I {s(t
Page 29 and 30: 12Nonlinearities in the transmitter
Page 31 and 32: 141.5 Thesis OverviewIn Chapter 2 t
Page 33 and 34: 162.1 More OFDM Basics2.1.1 The Cyc
Page 35 and 36: 18where b(t) ≠ ∑ N−1k=0 I ke
Page 37 and 38: 20where {n[i]} are samples of the n
Page 39 and 40: 22(FDE). Such an equalizer can be u
Page 41 and 42: 242.2 PAPR StatisticsThe peak-to-av
Page 43 and 44: 26level the bound is tight. Notice
Page 45 and 46: 28To reduce nonlinear distortion in
Page 47 and 48: 30than the K = −3 dB curves for a
Page 49 and 50: 322.4.2 Performance DegradationNext
Page 51 and 52: 341010 −1Ideal PASSPA: IBO = 3 dB
Page 53 and 54: 36Potential rangePotential range w/
Page 55 and 56:
38Signal ClippingThe remainder of t
Page 57 and 58:
4010 010 −1ClippedUnclippedP (PAP
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42efficiency). The distortion cause
Page 61 and 62:
445OFDMCE-OFDM4Instantaneous signal
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46The idea of transmitting OFDM by
Page 65 and 66:
48where σ 2 Iis the data symbol va
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50Unit circleStarting point(a) L =
Page 69 and 70:
5210 0FOBP(f) ˆB rms10 −1Fractio
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540Welch estimateterms from (3.30)
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56figure shows that the CE-OFDM spe
Page 75 and 76:
Chapter 4Performance of ConstantEnv
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60Lowpassfilterr bp (t)Bandpassfilt
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62Phase demodulatorr[i]FIRfilterarg
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64for DCT and DFT modulations [(3.7
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6610 0System 1System 2Approx (4.35)
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68Bit error rateBit error rate10
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700L fir , f cut/W−209, 0.7Magnit
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72receiver, as shown in Figure 4.10
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74constant K = 2πhC N , isρ m,n (
Page 93 and 94:
7610.5p1/πKρm,n(K)0−0.5012K345(
Page 95 and 96:
784.2.2 Asymptotic PropertiesIn Fig
Page 97 and 98:
8010 0p ξ (x)GaussianProbability d
Page 99 and 100:
82To plot the spectral efficiency v
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84Figure 4.18 compares CE-OFDM with
Page 103 and 104:
Chapter 5Performance of CE-OFDM inF
Page 105 and 106:
88and for the Rayleigh channel, as
Page 107 and 108:
901Transition regionConditional bit
Page 109 and 110:
92Bit error rate(a) M = 2, 2πh = 0
Page 111 and 112:
Chapter 6Performance of CE-OFDM inF
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96the signal-to-noise ratio, making
Page 115 and 116:
98µs, which results in N c = ⌊τ
Page 117 and 118:
100Using a DFT size N DFT = JN = N
Page 119 and 120:
1020.90.84|h[i]| 20.70.60.50.40.30.
Page 121 and 122:
104|h[i]| 20.60.50.40.30.2Magnitude
Page 123 and 124:
106|h[i]| 20.350.30.250.20.150.1Mag
Page 125 and 126:
108Channels C, E and F—degrades p
Page 127 and 128:
110• Delay spread:B (2)ττ =√
Page 129 and 130:
112The last model, Channel D f , ha
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114propagation paths [the WSSUS ass
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116by (2.9).So long as the duration
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118Table 6.3: Data symbol contribut
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12010 −1Bit error rate10 −210
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122This problem can be suppressed w
Page 141 and 142:
Appendix AGenerating Real-Valued OF
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126i = 0, 1, . . . , N − 1. Thus,
Page 145 and 146:
Appendix BMore on the OFDM Literatu
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130First, to get an idea of the siz
Page 149 and 150:
1328Papers read per day (log scale)
Page 151 and 152:
Appendix CSample CodeThe simulation
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136CN=sqrt(2/(N*varI));% normalizin
Page 155 and 156:
138end%% Demodulate and detecthatph
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140set ticscale 0.5set border 31 li
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142kHz kilohertz (1 thousand cycles
Page 161 and 162:
144x(t) x as a function of tx[i] di
Page 163 and 164:
146f ′f cf saFOBP(f)FOBP(f) ˆg(t
Page 165 and 166:
Bibliography[1] N. Abramson, “Ban
Page 167 and 168:
150[24] A. G. Armada, “Phase Nois
Page 169 and 170:
152[50] P. A. Bello, “Characteriz
Page 171 and 172:
154[78] R. Castle and A. Jones, “
Page 173 and 174:
156[104] L. J. Cimini, Jr. and N. R
Page 175 and 176:
158[131] Debian—The Universal Ope
Page 177 and 178:
160[157] O. Feely, “Nonlinear Dyn
Page 179 and 180:
162[185] S. Gifford, J. E. Kleider,
Page 181 and 182:
164[213] H.-H. Hsieh and C.-H. Wei,
Page 183 and 184:
166[241] S. M. Ju and S. H. Leung,
Page 185 and 186:
168[269] ——, “PAR Reduction i
Page 187 and 188:
170[297] Y. G. Li, L. J. Cimini, Jr
Page 189 and 190:
172[325] M. M. Martone, “A Multic
Page 191 and 192:
174[353] R. Morrison, L. J. Cimini,
Page 193 and 194:
176[379] H. Ochiai and H. Imai, “
Page 195 and 196:
178[408] A. Peled and A. Ruiz, “F
Page 197 and 198:
180[435] ——, “Pilot Spacing i
Page 199 and 200:
182[462] ——, “Channel equaliz
Page 201 and 202:
184[491] E. A. Sourour and M. Nakag
Page 203 and 204:
186[520] C. Tellambura and M. G. Pa
Page 205 and 206:
188[548] C. van den Bos, M. H. L. K
Page 207 and 208:
190[575] W. D. Warner and C. Leung,
Page 209 and 210:
192[604] H. Yang, “A Road to Futu
Page 211:
Production NotesThis thesis was typ
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