ON THE NATURE OF PREJUDICE

404 Duckitthas linked with a different (though related) belief about the social world,termed a competitive-jungle worldview (Duckitt, 2001). Research hasfound SDO to be strongly correlated with Machiavellianism (Saucier,2000), power values (Duriez & Van Hiel, 2002; McFarland, 1998), andAltemeyer’s (1998) “Personal Power, Meanness, and Dominance” and“Exploitive Manipulative, Amoral, Dishonesty” scales, all of which reflecta competitive, manipulative, cynical, social Darwinist, and power-orientedview of others and the social world. Thus, distinct worldviews – of thesocial world as a dangerous and threatening place (RWA) versus a competitivejungle (SDO) – may be underlying causes of RWA and SDO(Duckitt, 2001).Research has also linked RWA and SDO to particular social motivesand values. Jost et al.’s (2003) review found authoritarianism and conservatismto be strongly associated with measures of perceived social threat andfear, intolerance of uncertainty and ambiguity, low integrative complexity,low openness to experience, and needs for order, structure, and closure.They concluded that conservatism and authoritarianism are motivated byneeds to control and manage uncertainty and threat. Research usingSchwartz’s (1992) well-validated values inventory (developed to measureuniversal values that express basic human motivational goals) supports thisconclusion. His conservation values of security, conformity, and traditioncorrelate strongly with RWA but not with SDO, while his power andself-enhancement values correlate with SDO but not with RWA(Altemeyer, 1998; Duriez & Van Hiel, 2002; McFarland & Adelson, 1996;McFarland, 1998). In sum, people high in RWA value security, order, andcontrol whereas people high in SDO value power, dominance, and groupenhancement.Personality Traits Linked to RWA and SDOHeaven and Bucci (2001) found that RWA correlated with personalitytrait measures of dutifulness, orderliness, and moralism. This is consistentwith Altemeyer’s (1998) earlier findings that high RWAs are selfrighteous,conscientious, agreeable, and low on openness, as well as Jost etal’s (2003) review, which indicated that authoritarianism was associatedwith intolerance of ambiguity and uncertainty, needs for order, structure,and closure, and low scores on integrative complexity and openness toexperience. These findings suggest a coherent trait pattern, which Duckitt(2001; Duckitt et al., 2002) captured in a single construct and trait (refinedfrom one of Saucier’s [1994] Big 5 personality dimensions): “Social