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○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○WEBSITES:• Association of American Publishers, AAP. http://www.publishers.org/home• Copyright Clearance Center Online. http://www.copyright.com• Copyright Implementation Manual. Groton Public Schools.http://groton.k12.ct.us/mts/cimhp01.htm• SUL: Copyright and Fair Use. Stanford University Libraries. http://fairuse.stanford.edu• The U.S. Copyright Office Home Page. http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright• Business Software Alliance. http://www.bsa.org• CONFU: The Conference on Fair Use. U.S. Patent and Trademark Officehttp://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/dcom/olia/confu/• Copyright for Educators. By Inez Ramsay.http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/copy.html• Copyright in the Electronic Environment. By Georgia Harperhttp://iron.utsystem.edu/home/ogc/intellectualproperty/lib_fac.htm• The Copyright Website. By Benedict O’Mahoney. http://www.benedict.com• Copyright Workshop. By Linda C. Joseph. http://www.cyberbee.com/copyrt.html• Cybercourse: Intellectual Property in Cyberspace.http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/property/library• Digital Future Coalition. http://www.dfc.org/• Firstuse.com. http://www.firstuse.com/home.htm• PBS TeacherSource. http://www.pbs.org/teachersource• Regents Guide to Understanding Copyright and Educational Fair Usehttp://www.peachnet.edu/admin/legal/copyright/copy.html• Software Publishers Association. http://www.spa.org• TechLaw Journal Home Page. http://www.techlawjournal.com/• Tell It to the Judge. By Jane Black. http://www.news.com/quiz/entry• 10 Big Myths about Copyright Explained. By Brad Templetonhttp://www.templetons.com/brad/copymyths.html• The U.S. Constitution Online. By Steve Mount. http://www.usconstitution.nte/• A Visit to Copyright Bay. http://www.nmjc.cc.nm.us/copyrightbay/FAIR USE AND COPYRIGHT:• http://www.cetus.org/fairindex.html• http://www.cetus.org/fair1.html• http://www.cetus.org/fair3.html• http://www.cetus.org/fair4.html• http://www.cetus.org/fair5.html• http://www.cetus.org/fair6.html• http://www.cetus.org/fair7.html• http://www.cetus.org/fair8.html• http://www.cetus.org/fair0.html14.34CURRICULUM GUIDE: EDUCATIONAL LAW
○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○Educational LawCopyright Questions Most Often Asked On CampusDeveloped by the Campus Copyright Education Program Association of American Publishers,www.publishers.org (c)19971. JUST WHAT EXACTLY IS “FAIR USE”?The Doctrine of “Fair Use” under the U.S. copyright law permits, in limited situations, the useof portions of a copyrighted work without the copyright owner’s permission. Four basic factorsmust be examined in determining whether a use is a “fair use”: the purpose and character ofthe use; the nature of the copyrighted work; the amount and substantiality of the portion of thework used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and the effect of the use in questionupon the potential market value of the copyrighted work. No one factor is determinative of aperson’s right to use a copyrighted work without permission. However, certain “guidelines”have been recognized that indicate uses thought to be “fair”; these are available from AAPand the United States Copyright Office.2. I’M MAKING COPIES TO DISTRIBUTE TO MY CLASS. DO I NEED PERMISSION?Educational use alone is insufficient to make a use in question a fair one. The copying willfall within the certain “fair use guidelines” if it meets agreed standards of spontaneity, brevityand cumulative effect. A good example of legal copying could be if a professor read an articlein the morning newspaper, and wanted to distribute it in class that afternoon. However, anyreuse of the article in a subsequent semester without first receiving permission would not becovered by the guidelines. Of course, chapter length or other substantial excerpts fromcopyrighted books will generally require permission before copying.3. I’M COPYING LESS THAN 10% OF THE BOOK. WHY DO I NEED PERMISSION?Portion limitation is but one criteria of fair use. A user must also consider the nature of thework, and the effect on the potential market for the work, including licensing fees. The“guidelines” describe spontaneity, brevity and cumulative effect as additional criteria.4. WHY DO I NEED PERMISSION WHEN I WROTE THE BOOK?The author of the book is not necessarily the owner of the copyright. If the publisher, bycontract, holds the particular rights for reproduction, then — for uses that are not “fair”- theauthor should contact the publisher.5. THE BOOK IS OUT-OF-PRINT. IS PERMISSION NEEDED?Just because the book is out-of-print does not mean that the work is no longer protected bycopyright. It is best to contact the publisher’s copyright permission department to determinewhether the work is still under copyright or in the public domain.6. I USED THIS MATERIAL LAST SEMESTER WITH PERMISSION. DO I NEED PERMISSIONAGAIN THIS SEMESTER?Generally, yes. However, you should check to see if the publisher restricted or permitted, orput conditions on, reuse.7. DO I NEED PERMISSION IF THERE’S NO COPYRIGHT NOTICE ON THE MATERIAL?The absence of a copyright notice does not mean that the work in question is not protected.CURRICULUM GUIDE: EDUCATIONAL LAW 14.35
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