Indoor Tanning in Norway - Statens strålevern

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Spectral irradiance, W/m 2 28 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 Spectral irradiance CIE-weighted irradiance 0.00001 Natural summer sun Fluorescent lamp in sunbed High-pressure lamp in sunbed 0.000001 Mercury arc sunlamp 250 300 350 400 Wavelength, nm CIE-weighted irradiance, W/m 2 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.0001 Natural summer sun Fluorescent lamp in sunbed High-pressure lamp in sunbed Mercury arc sunlamp 0.00001 250 300 350 400 Wavelength, nm Figure A1. Unweighted and CIE-weighted (erythema) UV irradiance for typical summer sun in Oslo compared to frequently observed sunlamp in the inspected tanning devices, the fluorescent lamp Wolff Life Sun S 100W in bench of Miami Sun Suveren 31 IG (data available from 290 nm), the most common high-pressure lamp, Philips HPA 400W/30S in facial position of Hapro Lumina E40 Sli, and a mercury arc sunlamp commonly used up to about 1980 in Norway, Osram Ultra Vitalux 300W. This figure is modified from the publication in Photochemistry and Photobiology (“Trends in UV Irradiance of Tanning Devices in Norway: 1983–2005”, Lill Tove N. Nilsen et al., DOI: 10.1111 ⁄ j.1751-1097.2008.00330.x, Published article online: 9. April 2008).
Appendix B – Measurement methods Approvals All approvals are based on type testing according to the European Standard, EN 60335-2-27 part 2: ”Particular requirements for appliances for skin exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation”. NRPA has performed such tests since 1995. The measurements at NRPA were performed with a temperature stabilized spectral radiometer of type Macam SR9910 from Macam Photometrics LTD equipped with a double grating monochromator. The front optics was an optical light guide with a 15 mm diameter cosine adapted teflon diffusor. The bandwidth was 1.3 nm (FWHM), and wavelength increment 0.5 nm. The instrument was calibrated with traceability to NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) via SP Swedish National Testing and Research Institute. The wavelength and irradiance calibration of the instrument was checked with a mercury lamp and a 1000W QTH-lamp, before and after the measurements. The measurement uncertainty was within ±6 %. The measurements were performed at 24°C and with the appliance supplied at rated voltage (in Norway: 230 VAC ± 10 %), as stated in the European Standard. All fluorescent tubes have been seasoned for 50 hours (up to 1997) or 5 hours and facial lamps for 1 hour prior to the measurements according to the European Standard. The homogeneity and maximum UV-irradiance in the sunbeds was found using a filter-radiometer radiometer (Solar Light Co PMA 2100, UVB sensor head PMA 2101). Since 1997, the approvals were based on the maximum UV irradiance measured anywhere in the tanning device according to the European Standard. Up to 1997, the mean irradiance was usually recorded, i.e. the mean irradiance measured over the surface of the device or at a distance stated in the instructions for use. Sunbed inspections: some sunbeds are easy to find and inspect, whereas others need closer inspection. Inspection surveys Irradiance measurements were performed according to the European Standard in a representative selection of tanning devices in both inspection surveys. Two different radiometers were used; a large double monochromator scanning spectroradiometer from Macam Photometrics LTD fitted with a quartz optical light guide (one sigma level 6 %), and a broadband radiometer (Solar Light Co PMA 2100, sensor head PMA 2101 for the UVB and PMA 2110 for the UVA). The spectroradiometer was irradiance-calibrated against 1000-watt quartz tungsten halogen lamps, traceable to NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) via SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden. The wavelength scale was calibrated to match known emission lines from a low pressure mercury lamp. As 29
Page 1 and 2: StrålevernRapport • 2008:9 Indoo
Page 3: StrålevernRapport 2008:9 Indoor Ta
Page 7 and 8: Content Foreword 3 Summary 7 Norweg
Page 9 and 10: Summary This report presents regula
Page 11 and 12: 1 Indoor tanning Indoor tanning has
Page 13 and 14: From this date all tanning models n
Page 15 and 16: not for the facial position (Table
Page 17 and 18: 4.2 Compliance with regulation In 1
Page 19 and 20: The IARC Working Group Report from
Page 21 and 22: dose estimates. However, the curren
Page 23 and 24: 17. Nilsson B, Närlundh B, Wester
Page 25 and 26: Appendix A - Tables and figures Tab
Page 27 and 28: Table A3. CIE-weighted (erythema) U
Page 29: Table A5. UV irradiance of natural
Page 33 and 34: Appendix C- Glossary UV - Ultraviol
Page 35: StrålevernRapport 2008:1 Virksomhe

Indoor Tanning in Norway - Statens strålevern

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?