Guide For Tomatoes
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC - FarmAssist
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC - FarmAssist
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Disease<br />
Identification<br />
<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>For</strong><br />
<strong>Tomatoes</strong>
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S<br />
Introduction ...................................................................... 1<br />
Seasonal Calendar .......................................................... 3<br />
Treatments ........................................................................ 7<br />
Actigard ® ....................................................................... 8<br />
Bravo Weather Stik ® ................................................... 10<br />
FarMore ® Technology Platform ................................ 12<br />
Quadris ® ...................................................................... 14<br />
Quadris Opti ® .............................................................. 16<br />
Revus Top TM ................................................................. 18<br />
Ridomil Gold ® Bravo ® SC ............................................ 20<br />
Ridomil Gold ® GR ........................................................ 22<br />
Ridomil Gold ® MZ WG ............................................... 24<br />
Ridomil Gold ® SL ....................................................... 26<br />
Disease Identification .................................................... 29<br />
Anthracnose ............................................................... 30<br />
Bacterial Speck ........................................................... 32<br />
Bacterial Spot ............................................................. 34<br />
Black Mold .................................................................. 36<br />
Buckeye Rot ................................................................ 38<br />
Damping-off ............................................................... 40<br />
Early Blight ................................................................. 42<br />
Gray Leaf Spot ............................................................ 44<br />
Gray Mold ................................................................... 46<br />
Late Blight .................................................................. 48<br />
Powdery Mildew ........................................................ 50<br />
Septoria Leaf Spot ...................................................... 52<br />
Southern Blight .......................................................... 54<br />
Target Spot ................................................................. 56<br />
White Mold ................................................................. 58<br />
Syngenta Seeds/ROGERS ® ............................................. 61<br />
Varieties ...................................................................... 62<br />
Resources / Photo Credits .............................................. 69<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Syngenta Crop Protection, Syngenta Seed Care and<br />
Syngenta Seeds/ROGERS Brand help their customers<br />
deliver better food for a better world through<br />
outstanding crop solutions.<br />
Our solutions begin with crop genetics. The breeders<br />
at Syngenta Seeds focus on consumer needs in their<br />
pursuit of superior tomato varieties. Sound genetics<br />
provide a foundation for a healthy crop with disease<br />
prevention in mind.<br />
Meanwhile, Syngenta offers a broad product<br />
portfolio for disease, insect and weed management<br />
in nearly every crop. This portfolio comes from a<br />
commitment to research and development. Syngenta<br />
helps growers more efficiently produce high quality<br />
crops by bringing new products to the marketplace<br />
and by developing new uses for existing chemistries.<br />
Nearly 4,000, or around 20 percent, of Syngenta<br />
employees are engaged in research and development.<br />
Anthracnose, early and late blight, and powdery<br />
mildew are only a few of the diseases that affect tomato<br />
crops each year. Syngenta has developed specific solutions<br />
for both preventive and curative disease management.<br />
Moreover, Syngenta ceaselessly works to improve<br />
resistance management strategies to help ensure the<br />
continuation of outstanding crop protection solutions.<br />
The information in this disease guide will help<br />
growers produce top quality tomatoes through<br />
effective disease management and proper variety<br />
selections. By recognizing a pathogen, knowing when<br />
to treat it and what to treat it with, growers commit<br />
themselves to the highest quality in crop production.<br />
I N T R O D U C T I O N<br />
1
S E A S O N A L C A L E N D A R<br />
Seasonal<br />
Calendar
S E A S O N A L C A L E N D A R 4<br />
DISEASES<br />
Alternaria Fruit Rot<br />
(Black Mold)<br />
Anthracnose<br />
Seeds and Seedlings,<br />
Pre-emergence<br />
Emergence to<br />
Five Leaves<br />
Bacterial Speck and<br />
Bacterial Spot<br />
Botrytis Gray Mold<br />
Buckeye Rot<br />
Damping-off<br />
FarMore Technology<br />
(Pythium)<br />
Ridomil Gold GR, Ridomil Gold SL<br />
Early Blight<br />
Fusarium and<br />
Rhizoctonia Seed Rot FarMore Technology<br />
and Seedling Blight<br />
Pre-bloom<br />
Growth<br />
Early Fruit Set Green Fruit Early Ripening<br />
Ripe Fruit<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti,<br />
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris,<br />
Quadris Opti, Revus Top, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />
Actigard<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />
Quadris, Quadris Opti<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Revus Top, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
DISEASES<br />
Gray Leaf Mold<br />
Gray Leaf Spot<br />
Late Blight<br />
Late Blight Fruit Rot<br />
Powdery Mildew<br />
Rhizoctonia Fruit Rot<br />
Root and Fruit Rot<br />
(Pythium and<br />
Phytophthora)<br />
Septoria Leaf Spot<br />
Target Spot<br />
Seeds and Seedlings,<br />
Pre-emergence<br />
Emergence to<br />
Five Leaves<br />
Pre-bloom<br />
Growth<br />
Early Fruit Set Green Fruit Early Ripening<br />
Ripe Fruit<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Revus Top, Ridomil Gold MZ WG<br />
Bravo Weather Stik<br />
Quadris, Quadris Opti<br />
Bravo Weather<br />
Stik, Ridomil<br />
Gold Bravo SC<br />
Ridomil Gold SL<br />
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC, Ridomil Gold GR<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Revus Top, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />
Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Revus Top<br />
S E A S O N A L C A L E N D A R<br />
5
T R E AT M E N T S<br />
Treatments
Protect Your <strong>Tomatoes</strong><br />
with Actigard<br />
Actigard plant activator provides effective protection<br />
for tomatoes against bacterial diseases. Applied<br />
preventively, Actigard protects the plant against<br />
bacterial spot and bacterial speck. Actigard induces<br />
host plant resistance with a unique mode of action<br />
that mimics the natural systemic activated resistance<br />
response found in many plants. <strong>For</strong> best results, use<br />
Actigard as part of tomato disease management programs.<br />
A C T I G A R D 8<br />
T O M AT O E S
Actigard Recommendations<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Bacterial Speck<br />
(Pseudomonas<br />
syringae pv.<br />
tomato)<br />
Bacterial Spot<br />
(Xanthomonas<br />
campestris pv.<br />
vesicatoria)<br />
Ground Application:<br />
0.33 oz./A with 30 to 50<br />
GPA, 0 to 2 weeks after<br />
transplanting<br />
0.5 oz./A with 60 to 70<br />
GPA, 3 to 4 weeks after<br />
transplanting<br />
0.75 oz./A with 70 to 100<br />
GPA, 5 to 8 weeks after<br />
transplanting<br />
Air Application:<br />
0.33 oz./A with a minimum<br />
of 10 GPA, 0 to 2 weeks<br />
after transplanting<br />
0.5 oz./A with a minimum<br />
of 10 GPA, 3 to 4 weeks<br />
after transplanting<br />
0.75 oz./A with a minimum<br />
of 10 GPA, 5 to 8 weeks<br />
after transplanting<br />
Mixing Instructions:<br />
<strong>For</strong> best results, use ground applications. Thoroughly clean spray equipment before using Actigard.<br />
Vigorous agitation is necessary for proper dispersal. Maintain maximum agitation throughout the<br />
spraying operation.<br />
Actigard Alone:<br />
Add 1 /2 of the required water to the mix tank. With the agitator running, add the Actigard to the<br />
tank. Continue agitation while adding the remainder of the water. Begin application of the solution<br />
after the Actigard has completely dispersed into the mix water. Maintain agitation until all of the<br />
mixture has been applied.<br />
Actigard + Tank Mixtures:<br />
Growers should consult their dealer or Syngenta sales representative for information concerning<br />
compatibility of other tank-mix partners.<br />
Application Directions:<br />
Make up to eight weekly, sequential applications. Begin the season with low water volumes.<br />
As the plant canopy increases, the Actigard rate should increase to ensure activity.<br />
*Please consult the Actigard product label for complete use directions.<br />
A C T I G A R D<br />
9
Protect Your <strong>Tomatoes</strong><br />
with Bravo Weather Stik<br />
Bravo Weather Stik fungicide is a leading choice<br />
among tomato growers because it protects foliage<br />
against early blight, late blight, gray leaf spot, gray<br />
leaf mold, Septoria leaf spot and target spot. Bravo<br />
Weather Stik also protects fruit against anthracnose,<br />
black mold, gray mold and fruit rot. The patented<br />
Weather Stik ® formulation sticks and stays on the<br />
plant longer than any other fungicide available.<br />
In wet conditions when disease pressure is highest,<br />
Bravo Weather Stik is at its best.<br />
B R A V O W E A T H E R S T I K 10<br />
T O M AT O E S
Bravo Weather Stik Recommendations<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Foliage:<br />
Early Blight<br />
(Alternaria solani)<br />
Gray Leaf Mold<br />
(Fulvia fulva;<br />
Cladosporium)<br />
Gray Leaf Spot<br />
(Stemphylium<br />
botryosum)<br />
Fruit:<br />
Alternaria Fruit Rot<br />
(Black Mold)<br />
(Alternaria alternata)<br />
Anthracnose<br />
(Colletotrichum spp.)<br />
Botrytis Gray Mold<br />
(Botrytis cinerea)<br />
Late Blight<br />
(Phytophthora<br />
infestans)<br />
Septoria Leaf Spot<br />
(Septoria lycopersici)<br />
Target Spot<br />
(Corynespora<br />
cassiicola)<br />
Late Blight Fruit Rot<br />
(Phytophthora infestans)<br />
Rhizoctonia Fruit Rot<br />
(Rhizoctonia solani)<br />
(Apply every seven to<br />
10 days)<br />
1 3 /8 to 2.0 pts./A<br />
(Apply every seven to<br />
14 days at beginning<br />
of fruit set)<br />
2.0 to 2 ¾ pts./A<br />
Application Directions:<br />
Apply in sufficient water to obtain adequate coverage. Begin applications<br />
when dew or rain occur and disease threatens. Apply on a seven- to 10-day<br />
interval for foliage diseases. <strong>For</strong> fruit diseases, begin at fruit set and apply<br />
on a seven- to 14-day interval. Use the highest rate and shortest interval<br />
specified when disease conditions are severe. The minimum re-treatment<br />
interval is seven days.<br />
Apply by ground, air or chemigation.<br />
*Please consult the Bravo Weather Stik product label for complete<br />
use directions.<br />
B R A V O W E A T H E R S T I K<br />
11
F A R M O R E T E C H N O L O G Y P L A T F O R M 12<br />
A Novel Approach for<br />
Early Season Tomato Protection<br />
The FarMore Technology Platform is the first comprehensive<br />
seed delivered system that helps maximize vegetable<br />
production by enhancing both performance and value.<br />
FarMore Technology offers an all-in-one plant health solution<br />
for maximum return on investment potential and grower<br />
convenience. FarMore Technology includes a seed companyor<br />
seed technology provider-applied combination of<br />
separately registered seed protection products and protocols.<br />
This seed protection system provides small-seeded vegetable<br />
growers with consistent performance and improved seed<br />
technology to enhance seedling emergence, plant stand<br />
establishment, early season vigor and plant health, as well<br />
as protect yield potential.<br />
T O M AT O E S
The combination of certain environmental conditions<br />
and pathogens on the seed or in the soil may result in<br />
damping-off, decay, seedling blight and eventual death<br />
of the seed or seedling. The broad-spectrum disease<br />
protection of FarMore Technology protects the seed<br />
by targeting seed-borne and soil-borne fungi that cause<br />
these early season infections. FarMore Technology<br />
provides broad-spectrum, systemic and post-emergence<br />
disease protection against Fusarium, Pythium and<br />
Rhizoctonia for tomatoes. The combination of active<br />
ingredients and protocols are active on all four major<br />
classes of pathogenic fungi.<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Seed- and Soil-borne Diseases*<br />
General Damping-off<br />
and Seedling Blight<br />
Alternaria<br />
Fusarium<br />
Pythium<br />
Rhizoctonia<br />
Seed-borne<br />
Sclerotinia<br />
*Please contact a technology provider for more information.<br />
F A R M O R E T E C H N O L O G Y P L A T F O R M<br />
13
Q U A D R I S 14<br />
Quadris Means Quality in <strong>Tomatoes</strong><br />
Quadris fungicide has become the gold standard for<br />
disease control in tomato crops. The systemic properties<br />
of Quadris allow the active ingredient, azoxystrobin, to<br />
move within the plant’s xylem. This systemic activity is<br />
known as the Quadris X-Factor TM and provides an even<br />
distribution of Quadris in the foliage and into newly<br />
formed leaves for better disease control. This also<br />
provides excellent rainfastness. When applied as a<br />
foliar spray, the slow, steady uptake of Quadris keeps<br />
a sufficient amount of fungicide on leaf surfaces to<br />
protect the plant from infection by preventing<br />
spore germination.<br />
T O M AT O E S
Quadris Recommendations<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Anthracnose<br />
(Colletotrichum coccodes)<br />
Black Mold<br />
(Alternaria alternata)<br />
Buckeye Rot<br />
(Phytophthora spp.)<br />
Early Blight<br />
(Alternaria solani)<br />
Powdery Mildew<br />
(Leveillula taurica)<br />
Septoria Leaf spot<br />
(Septoria lycopersici)<br />
Target spot<br />
(Corynespora cassiicola)<br />
Late Blight<br />
(Phytophthora<br />
infestans)<br />
5.0 to 6.0 fl. oz./A<br />
6.0 fl. oz./A<br />
Integrated Pest (Disease) Management: Quadris should be integrated into an overall disease<br />
management strategy that includes proper selection of varieties with disease tolerance, removal<br />
of plant debris in which inoculum overwinters, plant residue management, crop rotation and<br />
proper timing and placement of irrigation.<br />
Resistance Management: When Quadris is being applied for the control of early blight, late blight,<br />
Septoria leaf spot and/or anthracnose, no more than one foliar application of Quadris or other QoI<br />
fungicides should be made before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action. If<br />
late blight should occur during an early blight spray program, switch immediately to the late blight<br />
spray program beginning with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. Do not make more<br />
than five foliar applications of Quadris or other QoI fungicides per acre per year.<br />
Application Directions: Quadris applications should begin prior to disease development and continue<br />
throughout the season following the resistance management guidelines. <strong>For</strong> late blight, Quadris<br />
should be applied at a five- to seven-day interval. <strong>For</strong> all other tomato diseases, Quadris should be<br />
applied on seven- to 21-day intervals. Applications may be made by ground, air or chemigation.<br />
Use of an adjuvant may result in severe phytotoxicity.<br />
Quadris should not be applied until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding.<br />
Do not apply more than 0.6 lb. a.i./A per season of products containing azoxystrobin.<br />
Quadris may be applied the day of harvest (zero-day preharvest interval (PHI)).<br />
*Please consult the Quadris product label for complete use directions.<br />
Q U A D R I S<br />
15
Q U A D R I S O P T I 16<br />
Quadris Opti – Proven Yield and Quality<br />
Benefits in a Convenient Premix<br />
Quadris Opti fungicide combines the active<br />
ingredients in Bravo Weather Stik and Quadris in<br />
a convenient formulation to provide growers with<br />
powerful, proven performance against a variety of<br />
fungal pathogens. Quadris Opti is highly effective<br />
against a wide range of diseases affecting tomatoes,<br />
including anthracnose, early blight, late blight and<br />
black mold. Complementing the excellent systemic<br />
activity and proven performance of Quadris, Bravo<br />
Weather Stik provides a different mode of action for<br />
resistance management. Bravo Weather Stik also has a<br />
patented Weather Stik formulation that sticks and stays<br />
on the plant longer than any other fungicide available.<br />
Quadris Opti is the choice when superior efficacy and<br />
sound resistance management are necessary to protect<br />
yield and quality.<br />
T O M AT O E S
Quadris Opti Recommendations for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
Anthracnose<br />
(Colletotrichum coccodes)<br />
Black Mold<br />
(Alternaria alternata)<br />
Buckeye Rot<br />
(Phytophthora spp.)<br />
Early Blight<br />
(Alternaria solani)<br />
Late Blight<br />
(Phytophthora infestans)<br />
Powdery Mildew<br />
(Leveillula taurica)<br />
Septoria Leaf Spot<br />
(Septoria lycopersici)<br />
Target Spot<br />
(Corynespora cassiicola)<br />
Q U A D R I S O P T I<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
1.6 pts./A Integrated Pest (Disease) Management: Quadris Opti should be integrated into an overall disease<br />
management strategy that includes proper selection of varieties with disease tolerance, removal of<br />
plant debris in which inoculum overwinters, plant residue management, crop rotation and proper<br />
timing and placement of irrigation.<br />
Resistance Management: No more than one application of Quadris Opti or other strobilurins<br />
(QoI Group 11 fungicides) should be made before alternating with a fungicide with a different<br />
mode of action. Do not make more than five foliar applications of Quadris Opti or other<br />
QoI Group 11 fungicides per acre per year.<br />
Application Directions: Quadris Opti applications should begin prior to disease development and<br />
continue throughout the season following the resistance management guidelines.<br />
Quadris Opti should be applied on a five- to seven-day schedule for control of late blight. <strong>For</strong> all other<br />
diseases, make applications on a seven- to 21-day schedule. If conditions are favorable for severe<br />
epidemics, use the shorter application intervals. Applications may be made by ground, air or chemigation.<br />
Quadris Opti should not be applied until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding.<br />
Quadris Opti should not be applied six days before or after a post-emergence broadcast application of Sencor ® .<br />
Adjuvants should not be used as they may increase the potential for severe phytotoxicity.<br />
Specific Use Restrictions: Do not apply more than 0.5 lb. a.i. of azoxystrobin per acre per year.<br />
Do not apply more than 15.0 lbs. a.i. of chlorothalonil or products containing chlorothalonil per acre<br />
per year. Quadris Opti may be applied the day of harvest (zero-day PHI).<br />
*Please consult the Quadris Opti product label for complete use directions.<br />
17
Revus Top …<br />
Break the Mold<br />
Revus Top fungicide offers growers exceptional,<br />
broad-spectrum control of many foliar diseases,<br />
including early blight and late blight in tomatoes.<br />
Revus Top also has activity on leaf spot, anthracnose,<br />
black mold and other diseases. Containing two<br />
highly active ingredients, mandipropamid and<br />
difenoconazole, Revus Top is conveniently pre-mixed<br />
for easy, economical disease control.<br />
R E V U S T O P 18<br />
T O M AT O E S
Revus Top Recommendations<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Anthracnose<br />
(Colletotrichum spp.)<br />
Black Mold<br />
(Alternaria alternata)<br />
Early Blight<br />
(Alternaria solani)<br />
Gray Leaf Spot<br />
(Stemphylium botryosum)<br />
Late Blight<br />
(Phytophthora infestans)<br />
Leaf Mold<br />
(Fulvia fulva)<br />
Powdery Mildew<br />
(Leveillula taurica)<br />
Septoria Leafspot<br />
(Septoria lycopersici)<br />
Target Spot<br />
(Corynespora cassiicola)<br />
5.5 to 7.0 fl. oz./A Begin application prior to disease development and continue throughout the season on a sevento<br />
10-day interval. Make no more than two consecutive applications before switching to another<br />
effective fungicide with a different mode of action. Use the shorter interval and/or higher rates<br />
under high pressure or when conditions are conducive to disease.<br />
The addition of a spreading/penetrating type of adjuvant such as a non-iconic surfactant or crop oil<br />
concentrate or blend is recommended when applying by ground or air.<br />
Application Directions:<br />
<strong>For</strong> best results, use sufficient water volume to provide thorough coverage. Revus Top may be<br />
applied by ground, chemigation or aerial application.<br />
Specific Use Restrictions:<br />
• Do not apply more than 28.0 fl. oz./A per season of Revus Top.<br />
• Do not apply more than 0.52 lb. a.i./A per season of products containing mandipropamid.<br />
• Do not apply more than 0.46 lb. a.i./A per season of products containing difenoconazole.<br />
• Do not apply within one day of harvest (one-day PHI).<br />
• Do not use on varieties in which the mature tomatoes will be less than 2 inches<br />
(such as cherry tomatoes).<br />
*Please consult the Revus Top product label for complete use directions.<br />
R E V U S T O P<br />
19
R I D O M I L G O L D B R A V O S C 20<br />
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC –<br />
Powerful Disease Protection<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong><br />
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC fungicide is an optimized<br />
combination of systemic and protectant fungicides that<br />
contains the same proven active ingredients found in<br />
Ridomil Gold ® and Bravo Weather Stik. Ridomil Gold,<br />
a systemic fungicide containing the active ingredient<br />
mefenoxam, provides control of downy mildew and<br />
late blight diseases in certain crops. Bravo Weather Stik,<br />
containing the active ingredient chlorothalonil, is a<br />
broad-spectrum protectant fungicide that controls many<br />
diseases and is an excellent resistance management tool.<br />
T O M AT O E S
Ridomil Gold Bravo SC Recommendations<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Early Blight<br />
(Alternaria solani)<br />
Fruit Rot<br />
(Phytophthora spp.)<br />
Gray Leaf Spot<br />
(Stemphylium<br />
botryosum)<br />
Anthracnose<br />
(Colletotrichum spp.)<br />
Black Mold<br />
(Alternaria alternata)<br />
Late Blight<br />
(Phytophthora infestans)<br />
Leaf Mold<br />
(Cladosporium fulvum)<br />
Septoria Leaf Spot<br />
(Septoria lycopersici)<br />
Gray Mold<br />
(Botrytis cinerea)<br />
Rhizoctonia Fruit Rot<br />
(Rhizoctonia solani)<br />
2.5 pts./A<br />
2.5 to 3.25 pts./A<br />
Integrated Pest (Disease) Management:<br />
Integrate Ridomil Gold Bravo SC into an overall disease management<br />
strategy that includes selection of varieties with disease tolerance, optimum<br />
plant populations, proper fertilization, plant residue management, crop<br />
rotation and water management practices.<br />
Begin preventive applications early in the season when conditions are<br />
favorable for disease (before infection). Apply the labeled rate of a<br />
protectant fungicide between Ridomil Gold Bravo SC applications.<br />
Under severe disease pressure for anthracnose, black mold, gray mold<br />
or Rhizoctonia fruit rot, use the high rate and add Bravo Weather Stik<br />
(1.0 pt./A) or Bravo Ultrex ® (0.9 lb./A) to the tank.<br />
Specific Use Restrictions:<br />
Do not apply within five days of harvest (five-day PHI). Do not exceed the<br />
equivalent of 15.0 lbs. a.i./A per season of products containing chlorothalonil.<br />
Do not exceed the equivalent of 1.0 lb. a.i./A per season of soil-applied and<br />
0.5 lb. a.i./A per season of foliar-applied products containing mefenoxam.<br />
*Please consult the Ridomil Gold Bravo SC product label for complete<br />
use directions.<br />
R I D O M I L G O L D B R A V O S C<br />
21
Get Effective Tomato<br />
Protection with<br />
Ridomil Gold GR<br />
Ridomil Gold GR is an efficient, granular systemic<br />
fungicide, ideal for use on tomatoes. Soil applications<br />
of Ridomil Gold GR at planting will provide effective<br />
control of damping-off caused by Pythium spp. Soil<br />
applications four to 12 weeks before harvest under<br />
the vines will control fruit rot and root rot caused by<br />
Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp. Use Ridomil<br />
Gold GR as an integral part of a tomato disease<br />
management program for best results.<br />
R I D O M I L G O L D G R 22<br />
T O M AT O E S
Ridomil Gold GR Recommendations<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Damping-off<br />
(Pythium spp.)<br />
Root and Fruit Rot<br />
(Phytophthora spp.)<br />
(Pythium spp.)<br />
20.0 lbs./A Applicator Settings: It is important to calibrate each granular applicator before its use. Even after calibration, check<br />
the actual application rate under your operating conditions.<br />
Application Instructions: Damping-off (Pythium spp.): Apply 20.0 lbs. per treated acre uniformly over the surface of<br />
the soil at planting. If natural rainfall is not expected before the seeds begin germinating, Ridomil Gold GR should be<br />
incorporated mechanically with ½ to 1 inch sprinkler irrigation. <strong>For</strong> banded applications, a 7-inch band is recommended.<br />
Root and Fruit Rot (Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp.): Additional applications can be made as soil surface applications<br />
under the vines to provide control of root and fruit rot. If only one application is planned, apply 20.0 lbs. per treated<br />
acre under the vines four weeks after the planting application to four weeks before harvest, depending on the<br />
expected occurrence of the diseases. If root and fruit rot is a problem throughout the growing season or the occurrence<br />
of diseases cannot be predicted, make two additional applications at 10.0 lbs. per treated acre under the vines, one<br />
application four to six weeks after the planting application and another four weeks before harvest. If rainfall is not<br />
expected within three days of the application, follow as soon as possible with 1 /2 to 1 inch overhead irrigation.<br />
Ridomil Gold GR can be shanked into the beds with fertilizer. <strong>For</strong> calculating the amount of Ridomil Gold GR needed<br />
per acre, apply the same amount as would be applied on a 7-inch band at 20.0 lbs. per treated acre. To obtain uniform<br />
disease control, Ridomil Gold GR must be mixed uniformly with the fertilizer.<br />
To avoid possible illegal residues, do not apply more than 40.0 lbs. per treated acre per season, and do not apply<br />
within seven days of harvest. Do not use Ridomil Gold GR for disease control in greenhouse or field-grown<br />
vegetable bedding plants.<br />
*Please consult the Ridomil Gold GR product label for complete use directions.<br />
R I D O M I L G O L D G R<br />
23
R I D O M I L G O L D M Z W G 24<br />
Ridomil Gold MZ WG –<br />
Increased Protection for<br />
<strong>Tomatoes</strong> Against Late Blight<br />
Ridomil Gold MZ WG is a dual-ingredient, systemic<br />
fungicide used to control diseases caused by members<br />
of the oomycete family of fungi. It contains mefenoxam<br />
and mancozeb, which also provide resistance management.<br />
When used as a foliar application in a preventive disease<br />
control program, Ridomil Gold MZ WG will provide<br />
effective control of late blight caused by Phytophthora<br />
infestans. Use Ridomil Gold MZ WG as an integral part of<br />
a tomato disease management program for best results.<br />
T O M AT O E S
Ridomil Gold MZ WG Recommendations<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Late Blight<br />
(Phytophthora<br />
infestans)<br />
2.5 lbs./A Begin preventive applications early in the season when conditions are favorable for disease (before<br />
infection) and continue at 14-day intervals until the threat of disease is over. Apply the labeled rate<br />
of a protectant fungicide between Ridomil Gold MZ WG applications. If conditions are favorable after<br />
making three applications of Ridomil Gold MZ WG, use other fungicides registered for control of late<br />
blight in tomatoes.<br />
Specific Use Restrictions:<br />
Ridomil Gold MZ WG may be applied up to five days before harvest (five-day PHI). A maximum of 10.0<br />
lbs. of Ridomil Gold MZ WG may be used per crop per acre each season. If other registered fungicides<br />
containing EBDC active ingredients are used during the growing season, do not exceed a total of 16.8<br />
lbs. EBDC a.i./A on tomatoes grown east of the Mississippi River and 6.4 lbs. EBDC a.i./A on tomatoes<br />
grown west of the Mississippi River. If tank mixed with other products containing EBDC a.i., do not<br />
exceed 2.4 lbs. EBDC a.i./A east of the Mississippi River or 1.6 lbs. EBDC a.i./A west of the Mississippi<br />
River per application. Do not exceed the equivalent of 0.5 lb. a.i./A per season of foliar-applied products<br />
containing mefenoxam.<br />
*Please consult the Ridomil Gold MZ WG product label for complete use directions.<br />
R I D O M I L G O L D M Z W G<br />
25
Get More Tomato Protection<br />
with Ridomil Gold SL<br />
Ridomil Gold SL is a systemic fungicide in a<br />
contemporary formulation that contains the active<br />
ingredient mefenoxam and provides effective control<br />
of certain soil-borne and foliar diseases on a wide<br />
range of crops. The improved formulation offers<br />
enhanced environmental and handling characteristics<br />
and is the premier product for controlling diseases<br />
caused by oomycete species, including soil-borne<br />
Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp. Use<br />
Ridomil Gold SL as an integral part of a tomato<br />
disease management program for best results.<br />
R I D O M I L G O L D S L 26<br />
T O M AT O E S
Ridomil Gold SL Recommendations<br />
for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />
Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
Damping-off<br />
(Pythium spp.)<br />
Root and Fruit Rot<br />
(Phytophthora spp.)<br />
(Pythium spp.)<br />
1.0 to 2.0 pts./A<br />
1.0 pt./A<br />
Soil Spray (Broadcast or Band): Apply at planting in water or liquid fertilizer.<br />
<strong>For</strong> banded application, a 7-inch band is recommended.<br />
Injection (Drip Irrigation):<br />
Initiate control of root and fruit rot with a soil application as described above. Make subsequent<br />
applications through drip irrigation. Make the first drip application four to six weeks after<br />
planting. Apply the second drip application as needed up to four weeks before harvest but<br />
before the last irrigation.<br />
<strong>For</strong> injected applications, base rate calculations on a 7-inch band.<br />
Soil Spray (Broadcast or Band) or Soil Injection:<br />
Apply as a directed soil surface spray under the vines or injected into the beds with water or<br />
liquid fertilizer.<br />
Make an application four to six weeks after planting. If needed, make a second application up<br />
to four weeks before harvest, but before the last irrigation.<br />
Do not exceed the equivalent of 1.5 lbs. a.i./A per crop of soil-applied products containing<br />
mefenoxam and 0.5 lb. a.i./A per crop of foliar-applied products containing mefenoxam.<br />
*Please consult the Ridomil Gold SL product label for complete use directions.<br />
R I D O M I L G O L D S L<br />
27
Disease<br />
Identification<br />
D I S E A S E S
A N T H R A C N O S E 30<br />
Anthracnose – Colletotrichum coccodes<br />
Symptoms<br />
Depressed, circular<br />
lesions that can enlarge<br />
to about 1 to 2 cm in<br />
diameter appear on<br />
ripe fruit.<br />
As lesions mature,<br />
they show concentric ring<br />
markings and become<br />
dotted with small black<br />
specks. In moist weather,<br />
masses of salmon-colored<br />
spores may form on the<br />
lesion surface.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Anthracnose is primarily a disease of ripe and<br />
overripe fruit. The fungus overwinters as microsclerotia<br />
on plant debris, which germinates and produces conidia<br />
when conditions are wet and warm. The fungus may<br />
infect fruit resting on the soil surface or it may be<br />
rain-splashed to fruit higher up in the canopy. Infection<br />
may occur while fruit is immature, but symptoms are<br />
not expressed on the fruit until it matures and ripens.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Optimum conditions for infection include<br />
temperatures from 68º to 75º F combined with free<br />
moisture. Dissemination is favored by splashing<br />
rain and overhead irrigation.<br />
A N T H R A C N O S E<br />
31
B A C T E R I A L S P E C K 32<br />
Bacterial Speck – Pseudomonas syringae<br />
Symptoms<br />
Leaf lesions are round<br />
and dark brown to black<br />
with a yellow halo that<br />
develops with time.<br />
Lesions may coalesce,<br />
killing large parts of<br />
leaves.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Other structural parts of the<br />
plant such as petioles can be<br />
infected. Symptoms are expressed<br />
as oval to elongated lesions.<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
The bacterium that causes bacterial speck is<br />
seed-borne but the importance of seed-borne inoculum<br />
is not known. The bacterium is disseminated by<br />
splashing rain and by machinery. The bacterium<br />
may also survive for many weeks in crop residue.<br />
Bacterial speck is a polycyclic disease.<br />
Tiny dark lesions (smaller than<br />
1 mm in diameter) may develop on<br />
fruit. The tissue around each fruit<br />
speck may be a more intense green<br />
than unaffected areas, resulting in<br />
a dark green halo around the spot.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
High humidity, rainfall and temperatures<br />
between 64º to 75º F favor disease development.<br />
B A C T E R I A L S P E C K<br />
33
B A C T E R I A L S P O T 34<br />
Bacterial Spot – Xanthomonas campestris<br />
Symptoms<br />
On leaves, stems and<br />
fruit, small lesions are<br />
generally brown and<br />
circular and less than<br />
3 mm in diameter.<br />
Immature lesions look<br />
water-soaked when<br />
wet with rain or dew.<br />
Fruit lesions start<br />
as tiny raised blisters.<br />
They increase in size<br />
and become brown<br />
and scab-like.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Bacterial spot can survive on tomato volunteers,<br />
diseased plant debris and seed. It may be disseminated<br />
on seed and within a field by rain splashing, transplant<br />
clipping, or by workers or equipment moving through<br />
the field. Bacterial spot is a polycyclic disease.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Disease development is favored by temperatures<br />
of 75º to 86º F and extended periods of rainfall.<br />
B A C T E R I A L S P O T<br />
35
B L A C K M O L D 36<br />
Black Mold – Alternaria alternata<br />
Symptoms<br />
Light to dark brown<br />
lesions on the surface<br />
of ripe fruit range from<br />
small flecks to large<br />
sunken lesions. During<br />
warm, humid weather,<br />
the fungus sporulates<br />
to form a black velvetlike<br />
layer on the lesion<br />
surface.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Black mold survives on infected tomato debris in<br />
the soil. Spores are disseminated via wind or splashing<br />
water. Infection occurs when spores are blown onto<br />
plants or when plants contact infested soil. The<br />
fungus can infect fruit through wounds or other<br />
damaged tissue.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Because free water is required for spore germination<br />
and infection, black mold usually occurs following rains,<br />
heavy dew or overhead irrigation. Symptoms may be<br />
observed within four to five days after infection during<br />
optimal environmental conditions that include<br />
temperatures between 75º to 82º F.<br />
B L A C K M O L D<br />
37
B U C K E Y E R O T 38<br />
Buckeye Rot – Phytophthora parasitica, P. capsici and P. drechsleri<br />
Symptoms<br />
A white cottony fungal<br />
growth may appear on<br />
lesions under high<br />
moisture conditions.<br />
Fruit lesions often<br />
show a pattern of<br />
concentric rings of<br />
alternating dark brown<br />
and light brown bands.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Buckeye rot infection occurs when fruit contacts<br />
soil-borne inoculum, either by resting on the soil<br />
surface or by mud splashing. The buckeye rot fungus<br />
produces sporangia that give rise to zoospores under<br />
optimal environmental conditions. The spores can<br />
infect directly through the tomato skin. The pathogen<br />
may be disseminated by surface water movement<br />
and/or rain splashing.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Buckeye rot is most common during periods of<br />
prolonged warm, wet weather. Widespread losses<br />
may develop in conditions of excessive soil moisture<br />
and soil temperatures of 64º to 86º F. Soil that holds<br />
water for five hours or longer due to compaction or<br />
poor drainage favors infection.<br />
B U C K E Y E R O T<br />
39
D A M P I N G - O F F 40<br />
Damping-off – Pythium spp.<br />
Symptoms<br />
Seed decay or seedling<br />
death prior to emergence<br />
from the soil; death of<br />
emerged seedling or<br />
transplants as roots rot;<br />
lower stems appear<br />
water-soaked and<br />
shriveled at the soil<br />
line, followed by plant<br />
wilt and death may occur.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Species of Pythium naturally inhabit the soil.<br />
Infection in plant tissue is influenced by soil moisture,<br />
soil temperature, pH, cation composition, light and<br />
the presence of other organisms.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Optimum conditions for infection include wet soils<br />
during seeding through the first two weeks after<br />
transplanting. Soil moisture near saturation stimulates<br />
mycelium vegetative growth. Plants are more<br />
susceptible under these conditions: too high or too<br />
low temperatures; excessive moisture; poor quality<br />
light or unbalanced nutrition.<br />
D A M P I N G - O F F<br />
41
E A R L Y B L I G H T 42<br />
Early Blight – Alternaria solani<br />
Symptoms<br />
Immature lesions are<br />
small and brownish black,<br />
often with a yellow halo,<br />
and usually occur on older<br />
foliage. As lesions enlarge,<br />
concentric rings may be<br />
observed.<br />
Stem lesions on seedlings<br />
are dark, slightly sunken,<br />
and have concentric<br />
rings and light-colored<br />
centers. Stem lesions may<br />
girdle the plant, causing<br />
collar rot.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Fruit lesions grow large and<br />
usually have concentric rings.<br />
Diseased areas appear leathery<br />
and may be covered by a velvety<br />
mass of black spores.<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
The early blight fungus survives between crops on<br />
soil debris, on seed and on volunteer tomato plants<br />
and other solanaceous hosts. Primary infection occurs<br />
early in the season from conidia that are rain-splashed<br />
onto new seedlings. Lesions are visible two to three<br />
days after infection. Conidia formed on lesions serve<br />
as a secondary inoculum and are wind-disseminated.<br />
By late season, under favorable<br />
conditions for disease development,<br />
premature defoliation may occur.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Periods of mild, rainy weather are ideal for infection.<br />
Conidia require free moisture for germination that<br />
can occur in just 35 to 45 minutes at temperatures of<br />
82º to 86º F. Heavy dew or frequent rains are necessary<br />
for abundant sporulation. Early blight is usually less<br />
severe on tomatoes grown under high fertility.<br />
E A R L Y B L I G H T<br />
43
Gray Leaf Spot –<br />
G R A Y L E A F S P O T 44<br />
Stemphylium solani, S. floridanum and<br />
S. botryosum f.sp. lycopersici<br />
Symptoms<br />
Immature lesions are<br />
barely visible and typically<br />
limited to the leaf surface<br />
itself. Circular to oblong<br />
brownish black specks are<br />
randomly scattered over<br />
the leaf surface and are<br />
unrestricted by veins.<br />
Occasional lesions<br />
develop on petioles and<br />
stems that are linear and<br />
parallel to the stem itself.<br />
Mature leaf lesions can<br />
reach 2 to 4 mm or more in<br />
diameter and may coalesce,<br />
killing large areas of the<br />
leaf blade. The center of<br />
leaf lesions may dry out<br />
and crack. The entire<br />
leaf may yellow and<br />
eventually defoliate.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Gray leaf spot often occurs during the first true-leaf<br />
stage of plant development. The fungus remains viable<br />
from season to season on infected plant debris or on<br />
other plant hosts such as pepper, horsenettle, etc.<br />
Infection may occur in seedbeds or in field-seeded<br />
seedlings. Conidia serve as both primary and secondary<br />
inoculum and are disseminated by the wind or during<br />
transplanting. Symptoms may occur within five days<br />
of infection.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
The optimum temperature for spore germination<br />
is 78º to 80º F. Spores germinate quickly under warm,<br />
moist conditions with extensive growth in a single<br />
night. Optimum temperature for sporulation is<br />
73º to 80º F.<br />
G R A Y L E A F S P O T<br />
45
G R A Y M O L D 46<br />
Gray Mold – Botrytis cinerea<br />
Symptoms<br />
Sporulation of the<br />
fungus from infected<br />
necrotic tissue produces<br />
a fuzzy, gray-brown<br />
appearance. Lesions may<br />
girdle the stem and cause<br />
the plant to wilt above<br />
the lesion.<br />
Lesions on fruit are<br />
typical of soft rot with<br />
decayed regions. Skin<br />
ruptures and sporulation<br />
occurs in the center of<br />
the decayed area.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
The disease survives from season to season as<br />
sclerotia on woody plant tissue or as saprophyte on<br />
organic matter in soil. In addition, the fungus has a<br />
wide host range and may survive on these hosts.<br />
Conidia serve as secondary inoculum and are<br />
disseminated by wind. Gray mold of foliage is usually<br />
associated with some type of wounding or injury and<br />
primarily affects mature plants with a dense canopy.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Infection occurs in cool weather and does not require<br />
prolonged periods of high humidity. The optimum<br />
temperature for infection is 64º to 73º F. Plants grown<br />
in acidic, sandy soils with high water content are<br />
particularly susceptible to gray mold.<br />
G R A Y M O L D<br />
47
L A T E B L I G H T 48<br />
Late Blight – Phytophthora infestans<br />
Symptoms<br />
Young leaf lesions first<br />
appear as water-soaked<br />
areas on the leaflets that<br />
enlarge quickly and turn<br />
pale green to brown.<br />
In moist weather, the<br />
lesions on the undersides<br />
of the leaf may show a<br />
moldy, gray to white<br />
growth, which is the<br />
sporulation of the fungus.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
As lesions mature, they turn<br />
brown and cause general leaf<br />
dieback.<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Late blight survives on volunteer plants and on<br />
abandoned plant material, such as cull piles. Sporangia<br />
serve as the primary inoculum and are carried by wind to<br />
other plants. Sporangia may germinate directly and infect<br />
the plant, or, if temperatures are 54º to 59º F, sporangia<br />
may produce zoospores that in turn infect the plant.<br />
When conditions are favorable, the disease develops so<br />
fast it appears as if the crop has been frost-damaged.<br />
Fruit lesions appear as dark<br />
olive, greasy spots that may enlarge<br />
to cover the whole fruit.<br />
L A T E B L I G H T<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
The disease is most active during cool, moist weather,<br />
especially cool nights and warm days. Optimum conditions<br />
for sporulation are 91 percent to 100 percent humidity<br />
and 64º to 72º F. Optimum temperatures for zoospore<br />
formation and germination are 54º to 59º F.<br />
Temperatures above 86º F are unfavorable for disease<br />
development, although the pathogen can survive.<br />
49
P O W D E R Y M I L D E W 50<br />
Powdery Mildew – Leveillula taurica<br />
Symptoms<br />
The most commonly<br />
seen symptoms of<br />
powdery mildew are<br />
light green to bright<br />
yellow lesions on the<br />
upper surface of the leaf.<br />
Necrotic spots may<br />
develop in their centers.<br />
A light powdery layer<br />
may cover the lesion on<br />
the leaf surface. Heavily<br />
infected leaves die but<br />
usually do not drop from<br />
the plant.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Powdery mildew probably overwinters on weed<br />
hosts. Conidia, the primary source of infection, are<br />
wind-borne and serve as both primary and secondary<br />
inoculum. Powdery mildew is a polycyclic disease.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Conidia can germinate in a wide range of<br />
temperatures, from 50º to 95º F. Infection is favored by<br />
temperatures under 86º F and high relative humidity.<br />
Once infection is established in a tomato leaf,<br />
temperatures above 86º F can speed up symptom<br />
development and death of leaf tissue.<br />
P O W D E R Y M I L D E W<br />
51
S E P T O R I A L E A F S P O T 52<br />
Septoria Leaf Spot – Septoria lycopersici<br />
Symptoms<br />
The first symptoms are<br />
usually visible on lower<br />
leaves after the first fruit<br />
sets and may also appear<br />
on stems, petioles and<br />
the calyx. Disease spreads<br />
upward, from oldest to<br />
youngest growth. Fruit<br />
infection is rare.<br />
The centers of leaf<br />
lesions are usually dotted<br />
with black pycnidia and<br />
often have a narrow<br />
yellow halo. Lesions can<br />
enlarge to 5 mm in<br />
diameter. Numerous leaf<br />
lesions can cause infected<br />
leaves to turn chlorotic,<br />
then brown and wither.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
Septoria leaf spot overwinters on infected tomato<br />
debris or on stakes or cages. Conidia, the primary<br />
inoculum, are spread by splashing irrigation water,<br />
rain, or by workers and equipment. Symptoms may<br />
appear within six days after inoculation, with pycnidia<br />
visible about 14 days after inoculation. Septoria leaf<br />
spot is a polycyclic disease.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Optimum temperatures between 68º to 77º F encourage<br />
infection and symptom development. Long periods of<br />
high relative humidity, high temperatures and leaf<br />
wetness are ideal conditions for disease development.<br />
S E P T O R I A L E A F S P O T<br />
53
S O U T H E R N B L I G H T 54<br />
Southern Blight – Sclerotium rolfsii<br />
Symptoms<br />
Infected plants suffer<br />
a sudden and permanent<br />
wilt of all aboveground<br />
parts.<br />
Brown to black stem rot<br />
appears on plant parts in,<br />
on or near the soil line.<br />
Lesions develop rapidly,<br />
completely girdling the stem.<br />
Under moist conditions,<br />
white mycelium develops<br />
on lesions and extends up<br />
the stem of mature plants.<br />
Tan to reddish brown<br />
sclerotia averaging 1 to<br />
2 mm in diameter appear<br />
on the maturing lesion.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
White mycelium and<br />
sclerotia are usually<br />
observed in and on<br />
infected fruit.<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
The fungus infects fruit that comes into contact<br />
with infested soil. Fruit lesions appear sunken and<br />
slightly yellow with a ruptured epidermis. Lesions are<br />
water-soaked, soft and often star-shaped. Infected fruit<br />
collapses within three to four days. Brown lesions with<br />
surface mycelium appear on foliage that contacts<br />
infected soil. The fungus can survive for several years<br />
as sclerotia in soil and on host debris. Sclerotia serve<br />
as the primary inoculum. The pathogen may be<br />
disseminated through soil movement by equipment<br />
or by water. Southern blight is a monocyclic disease.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Optimum conditions for infection include moist<br />
air and temperatures between 86º to 95º F.<br />
S O U T H E R N B L I G H T<br />
55
T A R G E T S P O T 56<br />
Target Spot – Corynespora cassiicola<br />
Symptoms<br />
Small water-soaked<br />
lesions appear on the<br />
upper leaf surface. They<br />
gradually increase in<br />
size, becoming round and<br />
pale brown. Conspicuous<br />
yellow halos develop.<br />
Lesions may coalesce,<br />
causing tissue collapse.<br />
Petiole and stem lesions<br />
are brown and oblong<br />
and may girdle and kill<br />
leaflets.<br />
On young fruit, lesions<br />
first appear as dark,<br />
pinpoint brown spots.<br />
They may enlarge and<br />
develop into sunken<br />
lesions. Ripe fruit<br />
develops large round<br />
lesions with pale brown<br />
centers, which may crack.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
The fungus has a very wide host range and probably<br />
overwinters as mycelium and conidia on infected plant<br />
debris. Conidia serve as primary and secondary inoculum.<br />
Spores are most likely disseminated via splashing water<br />
and wind. Target spot is a polycyclic disease.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Optimum conditions for disease development<br />
include temperatures from 68º to 82º F and long<br />
periods (16 to 44 hours) of high moisture. Infection<br />
occurs at 60º to 90º F.<br />
T A R G E T S P O T<br />
57
W H I T E M O L D 58<br />
White Mold (Sclerotinia Stem Rot) – Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<br />
Symptoms<br />
Infected stems are soft<br />
with a light gray bleached<br />
appearance.<br />
Hard, black sclerotia<br />
with white interiors<br />
readily form inside stems.<br />
The sclerotia assume the<br />
elongated shape of the<br />
stem cavity or take on a<br />
tubular form. White mold<br />
occurs on plants during<br />
flowering. Infection<br />
begins in leaf axils or in<br />
stem joints where petals<br />
have fallen and lodged,<br />
producing water-soaked<br />
areas that eventually die.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Disease Cycle<br />
The fungus overwinters as sclerotia in soil and<br />
on infected plant debris. The sclerotia give rise to<br />
spore-producing bodies called apothecia in early spring.<br />
Apothecia produce ascospores that serve as primary<br />
inoculum for disease development. Ascospores are<br />
disseminated via wind. The fungus can also enter<br />
mature plants at the soil line. Mycelial growth spreads<br />
between lush, overlapping plants, killing large circular<br />
areas of infected plants within the field. Infected fruit<br />
appears gray and rapidly breaks down in a watery rot.<br />
The disease is generally monocyclic. However, disease<br />
spread from plant to plant may occur via contact of<br />
healthy plants with diseased plants or with the<br />
fungus mycelium.<br />
Conditions for Development<br />
Cool, moist conditions with high humidity and free<br />
moisture favor disease development. Long periods<br />
of continuous wetness are necessary for ascospore<br />
and plant tissue infection and lesion expansion.<br />
Poor air circulation and moisture retention promote<br />
disease development. White mold is more prevalent<br />
in low-lying areas, in fields adjacent to heavily<br />
wooded lots and in crops with lush vegetation.<br />
W H I T E M O L D<br />
59
Syngenta<br />
Seeds<br />
R O G E R S
S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S 62<br />
ROGERS – Making Superior Vegetables a Reality <br />
Proper variety selection is the foundation for<br />
effective disease management. With more than<br />
125 years of experience, ROGERS has tomato varieties<br />
to fit all growers’ production needs. With additional<br />
resources devoted to the program and a global<br />
germplasm base, the Syngenta Seeds tomato-breeding<br />
program is positioned to lead in the development<br />
of top quality varieties.<br />
Selected ROGERS tomato varieties have resistance<br />
or tolerance to: Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt,<br />
Stemphylium, tobacco mosaic virus and bacterial speck.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Variety Description Approx. Culture Approx. Fruit Disease<br />
Maturity Size Characteristics Resistance<br />
DETERMINATE OPEN FIELD<br />
Bobcat In California mature green and vine-ripe Early to Bush / Mostly Beef, globe shape, uniform green HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />
markets, Bobcat has demonstrated fruit mid- Stake extra large shoulders, jointed, very firm. S; V<br />
quality, uniformity and firmness.<br />
season and large IR: Ss<br />
Valleycat Valleycat is a mature green tomato developed Mid- Bush Mostly Deep red color; firm; excellent HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />
for California growing regions. This main season extra large internal structure for slicing. S; V; M<br />
season variety has demonstrated yields of<br />
and large<br />
extra large and large fruit and a medium<br />
sized, vigorous plant.<br />
QualiT 21 QualiT 21 delivers excellent firmness, internal Mid- Bush / Mostly Uniform green shoulders. HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />
structure and uniform ripening for California season Stake extra large Excellent fruit size and firmness. M; S; Ss;<br />
growers and features high resistance to<br />
tobacco mosaic virus and some root-knot<br />
and large ToMV (0-2);<br />
TMV; V<br />
nematode races.<br />
QualiT 23 QualiT 23 meets growers’ demand for a Mid- to Bush / Mostly Uniform green shoulders. HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />
season-long tomato program suitable for late- Stake extra large Uniform fruit size and shape. V; TMV;<br />
summer and fall harvests in the Central Valley season and large Excellent firmness. ToMV<br />
of California.<br />
S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S<br />
63
S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S<br />
64<br />
Variety Description Approx. Culture Approx. Fruit Disease<br />
Maturity Size Characteristics Resistance<br />
DETERMINATE OPEN FIELD continued<br />
Mountain Mountain Spring produces excellent size, Early to Stake / Mostly Globe. Uniform green shoulders. HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />
Spring firmness and high yield for the Carolinas, mid- Bush extra large Firm and tolerant to cracking. S; Ss; V<br />
the Midwest and the Northeast.<br />
season<br />
and large<br />
Sebring A mid-season, determinate beef tomato Mid- Stake Mostly Smooth, deep oblate, firm, HR: Fol (1, 2, 3);<br />
producing mostly extra large and large fruit, season extra large thick walled fruit. <strong>For</strong>; Ss; V<br />
uniform green shoulders and fruit quality<br />
and large<br />
characteristics that have been excellent in trials.<br />
Redline Redline features a disease package ideal for Mid- Stake Mostly Very firm fruit. HR: Fol (1, 2, 3);<br />
growers in the Southeast U.S. contending season extra large TSWV; V; S<br />
with TSWV and Fusarium 3 disease pressure,<br />
and large<br />
and is especially well-suited for Eastern U.S.<br />
stake culture.<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Variety Description Approx. Culture Approx. Fruit Disease<br />
Maturity Size Characteristics Resistance<br />
DETERMINATE OPEN FIELD continued<br />
Finishline Finishline produces large and extra large Mid- Stake Mostly Very firm fruit, high red color. HR: Fol (1, 2, 3);<br />
fruit, is well-suited for staked production season extra large TSWV; V; S<br />
areas and features an excellent disease<br />
and large<br />
resistance package including TSWV and<br />
Fusarium 3. In internal trials, Finishline<br />
performed best in light to medium pruning.<br />
DETERMINATE SALADETTE<br />
MiRoma MiRoma offers high packouts in the San Mid- Bush / Mostly Blocky saladette with very thick HR: Fol (1, 2,);<br />
Joaquin Valley and has produced high yields season Stake extra large walls and good interior/exterior M; Pst; V<br />
and large, blocky saladettes with smooth,<br />
and large color.<br />
firm, extra large and large fruit in trials.<br />
S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S<br />
65
R O G E R S T O M A T O V A R I E T I E S 66<br />
ROGERS Tomato Varieties<br />
<strong>For</strong> a complete listing of<br />
ROGERS varieties, please refer to<br />
www.rogersadvantage.com.<br />
Finishline<br />
Sebring<br />
MiRoma<br />
Bobcat<br />
T O M AT O E S
Abbreviation Key:<br />
Fol: Fusarium wilt caused by the specified races of<br />
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici<br />
<strong>For</strong>: Fusarium crown and root rot caused by<br />
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici<br />
M: Root knot caused by Meloidogyne arenaria,<br />
M. ingognita and M. javanica<br />
Pst: Bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas<br />
syringae pv. tomato<br />
Ss: Gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium solani<br />
TMV: Mosaic caused by tobacco mosaic virus<br />
ToMV: Mosaic caused by tomato mosaic virus<br />
TSWV: Spotted wilt caused by tomato spotted wilt virus<br />
V: Verticillium wilt caused by the specified race of<br />
Verticilium albo-atrum, V. dahliae<br />
Pathogen races are indicated to the right of the<br />
abbreviation in parentheses [example: Fol (1,2) =<br />
Fusarium wilt caused by races 1 and 2 of Fusarium<br />
S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S<br />
T O M AT O E S<br />
oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici]. In cases where specific<br />
races or strains are not noted, the variety is resistant<br />
to some but not necessarily all known races or strains<br />
of the pathogen.<br />
Note:<br />
All variety information presented herein is based<br />
on field and laboratory observation. Actual crop<br />
yield, quality and level of claimed pest and pathogen<br />
resistances are dependent upon many factors beyond<br />
our control and NO WARRANTY is made for crop<br />
yield, quality and level of claimed pest and pathogen<br />
resistances. Because environmental conditions and<br />
local practices may affect variety characteristics and<br />
performance, we disclaim any legal responsibility for<br />
these. Read all tags and labels. They contain important<br />
conditions of sale, including limitations of warranties<br />
and remedies.<br />
67
S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S 68<br />
Abbreviation Key continued:<br />
HR: High Resistance: describes plant varieties that<br />
highly restrict the growth and development of<br />
the specified pest or pathogen under normal<br />
pest or pathogen pressure when compared to<br />
susceptible varieties. However, highly resistant<br />
varieties may exhibit some symptoms or damage<br />
under heavy pest or pathogen pressure.<br />
IR: Intermediate Resistance: describes plant varieties<br />
that restrict the growth and development of the<br />
specified pest or pathogen, but may exhibit a<br />
greater range of symptoms or damage compared<br />
to highly resistant varieties. Intermediately<br />
resistant varieties will still show less severe<br />
symptoms or damage than susceptible plant<br />
varieties when grown under similar environmental<br />
conditions and/or pest or pathogen pressure.<br />
www.rogersadvantage.com<br />
T O M AT O E S
T O M AT O E S<br />
Syngenta Resources<br />
Syngenta is committed to providing growers with<br />
the edge needed to grow excellent crops.<br />
Syngenta Crop Protection<br />
P.O. Box 18300<br />
Greensboro, NC 27419<br />
<strong>For</strong> emergencies call 1-800-888-8372<br />
(exposure concerns, spills and leaks)<br />
Syngenta Customer Center<br />
● <strong>For</strong> product support and compliance call<br />
1-866-796-4368<br />
www.syngentacropprotection.com<br />
● Product labels<br />
● Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)<br />
● Sales representative finder to locate your<br />
local representative<br />
● Product-specific training modules<br />
● Company news and product updates<br />
www.FarmAssist.com<br />
FarmAssist.com ® provides:<br />
● Local pest and agronomic alerts<br />
● Detailed pest library<br />
● Crop scouting reports<br />
● Customized news, weather and markets<br />
Syngenta Seeds<br />
Syngenta Seeds, Inc.<br />
ROGERS Brand Vegetable Seeds<br />
600 North Armstrong Place (83704)<br />
P.O. Box 4188<br />
Boise, ID 83711-4188<br />
Tel 1-800-462-0608<br />
www.rogersadvantage.com<br />
Photo Credits<br />
APS (American Phytopathological Society)<br />
K. Brownell J.P. Jones H. Yonce<br />
V. Greeson M. Moss<br />
R E S O U R C E S<br />
69
www.rogersadvantage.com<br />
<strong>For</strong> more information, visit www.syngentacropprotection.com, farmassist.com, www.tomatoestoday.com<br />
or call the Syngenta Customer Center at 1-866-SYNGENT(A) (796-4368).<br />
©2009 Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., P.O. Box 18300, Greensboro, NC 27419.<br />
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SCP 699-00021-D