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Guide For Tomatoes

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Disease<br />

Identification<br />

<strong>Guide</strong> <strong>For</strong><br />

<strong>Tomatoes</strong>


TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S<br />

Introduction ...................................................................... 1<br />

Seasonal Calendar .......................................................... 3<br />

Treatments ........................................................................ 7<br />

Actigard ® ....................................................................... 8<br />

Bravo Weather Stik ® ................................................... 10<br />

FarMore ® Technology Platform ................................ 12<br />

Quadris ® ...................................................................... 14<br />

Quadris Opti ® .............................................................. 16<br />

Revus Top TM ................................................................. 18<br />

Ridomil Gold ® Bravo ® SC ............................................ 20<br />

Ridomil Gold ® GR ........................................................ 22<br />

Ridomil Gold ® MZ WG ............................................... 24<br />

Ridomil Gold ® SL ....................................................... 26<br />

Disease Identification .................................................... 29<br />

Anthracnose ............................................................... 30<br />

Bacterial Speck ........................................................... 32<br />

Bacterial Spot ............................................................. 34<br />

Black Mold .................................................................. 36<br />

Buckeye Rot ................................................................ 38<br />

Damping-off ............................................................... 40<br />

Early Blight ................................................................. 42<br />

Gray Leaf Spot ............................................................ 44<br />

Gray Mold ................................................................... 46<br />

Late Blight .................................................................. 48<br />

Powdery Mildew ........................................................ 50<br />

Septoria Leaf Spot ...................................................... 52<br />

Southern Blight .......................................................... 54<br />

Target Spot ................................................................. 56<br />

White Mold ................................................................. 58<br />

Syngenta Seeds/ROGERS ® ............................................. 61<br />

Varieties ...................................................................... 62<br />

Resources / Photo Credits .............................................. 69<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Syngenta Crop Protection, Syngenta Seed Care and<br />

Syngenta Seeds/ROGERS Brand help their customers<br />

deliver better food for a better world through<br />

outstanding crop solutions.<br />

Our solutions begin with crop genetics. The breeders<br />

at Syngenta Seeds focus on consumer needs in their<br />

pursuit of superior tomato varieties. Sound genetics<br />

provide a foundation for a healthy crop with disease<br />

prevention in mind.<br />

Meanwhile, Syngenta offers a broad product<br />

portfolio for disease, insect and weed management<br />

in nearly every crop. This portfolio comes from a<br />

commitment to research and development. Syngenta<br />

helps growers more efficiently produce high quality<br />

crops by bringing new products to the marketplace<br />

and by developing new uses for existing chemistries.<br />

Nearly 4,000, or around 20 percent, of Syngenta<br />

employees are engaged in research and development.<br />

Anthracnose, early and late blight, and powdery<br />

mildew are only a few of the diseases that affect tomato<br />

crops each year. Syngenta has developed specific solutions<br />

for both preventive and curative disease management.<br />

Moreover, Syngenta ceaselessly works to improve<br />

resistance management strategies to help ensure the<br />

continuation of outstanding crop protection solutions.<br />

The information in this disease guide will help<br />

growers produce top quality tomatoes through<br />

effective disease management and proper variety<br />

selections. By recognizing a pathogen, knowing when<br />

to treat it and what to treat it with, growers commit<br />

themselves to the highest quality in crop production.<br />

I N T R O D U C T I O N<br />

1


S E A S O N A L C A L E N D A R<br />

Seasonal<br />

Calendar


S E A S O N A L C A L E N D A R 4<br />

DISEASES<br />

Alternaria Fruit Rot<br />

(Black Mold)<br />

Anthracnose<br />

Seeds and Seedlings,<br />

Pre-emergence<br />

Emergence to<br />

Five Leaves<br />

Bacterial Speck and<br />

Bacterial Spot<br />

Botrytis Gray Mold<br />

Buckeye Rot<br />

Damping-off<br />

FarMore Technology<br />

(Pythium)<br />

Ridomil Gold GR, Ridomil Gold SL<br />

Early Blight<br />

Fusarium and<br />

Rhizoctonia Seed Rot FarMore Technology<br />

and Seedling Blight<br />

Pre-bloom<br />

Growth<br />

Early Fruit Set Green Fruit Early Ripening<br />

Ripe Fruit<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti,<br />

Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris,<br />

Quadris Opti, Revus Top, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />

Actigard<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />

Quadris, Quadris Opti<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Revus Top, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

DISEASES<br />

Gray Leaf Mold<br />

Gray Leaf Spot<br />

Late Blight<br />

Late Blight Fruit Rot<br />

Powdery Mildew<br />

Rhizoctonia Fruit Rot<br />

Root and Fruit Rot<br />

(Pythium and<br />

Phytophthora)<br />

Septoria Leaf Spot<br />

Target Spot<br />

Seeds and Seedlings,<br />

Pre-emergence<br />

Emergence to<br />

Five Leaves<br />

Pre-bloom<br />

Growth<br />

Early Fruit Set Green Fruit Early Ripening<br />

Ripe Fruit<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Revus Top, Ridomil Gold MZ WG<br />

Bravo Weather Stik<br />

Quadris, Quadris Opti<br />

Bravo Weather<br />

Stik, Ridomil<br />

Gold Bravo SC<br />

Ridomil Gold SL<br />

Ridomil Gold Bravo SC, Ridomil Gold GR<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Revus Top, Ridomil Gold Bravo SC<br />

Bravo Weather Stik, Quadris, Quadris Opti, Revus Top<br />

S E A S O N A L C A L E N D A R<br />

5


T R E AT M E N T S<br />

Treatments


Protect Your <strong>Tomatoes</strong><br />

with Actigard<br />

Actigard plant activator provides effective protection<br />

for tomatoes against bacterial diseases. Applied<br />

preventively, Actigard protects the plant against<br />

bacterial spot and bacterial speck. Actigard induces<br />

host plant resistance with a unique mode of action<br />

that mimics the natural systemic activated resistance<br />

response found in many plants. <strong>For</strong> best results, use<br />

Actigard as part of tomato disease management programs.<br />

A C T I G A R D 8<br />

T O M AT O E S


Actigard Recommendations<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Bacterial Speck<br />

(Pseudomonas<br />

syringae pv.<br />

tomato)<br />

Bacterial Spot<br />

(Xanthomonas<br />

campestris pv.<br />

vesicatoria)<br />

Ground Application:<br />

0.33 oz./A with 30 to 50<br />

GPA, 0 to 2 weeks after<br />

transplanting<br />

0.5 oz./A with 60 to 70<br />

GPA, 3 to 4 weeks after<br />

transplanting<br />

0.75 oz./A with 70 to 100<br />

GPA, 5 to 8 weeks after<br />

transplanting<br />

Air Application:<br />

0.33 oz./A with a minimum<br />

of 10 GPA, 0 to 2 weeks<br />

after transplanting<br />

0.5 oz./A with a minimum<br />

of 10 GPA, 3 to 4 weeks<br />

after transplanting<br />

0.75 oz./A with a minimum<br />

of 10 GPA, 5 to 8 weeks<br />

after transplanting<br />

Mixing Instructions:<br />

<strong>For</strong> best results, use ground applications. Thoroughly clean spray equipment before using Actigard.<br />

Vigorous agitation is necessary for proper dispersal. Maintain maximum agitation throughout the<br />

spraying operation.<br />

Actigard Alone:<br />

Add 1 /2 of the required water to the mix tank. With the agitator running, add the Actigard to the<br />

tank. Continue agitation while adding the remainder of the water. Begin application of the solution<br />

after the Actigard has completely dispersed into the mix water. Maintain agitation until all of the<br />

mixture has been applied.<br />

Actigard + Tank Mixtures:<br />

Growers should consult their dealer or Syngenta sales representative for information concerning<br />

compatibility of other tank-mix partners.<br />

Application Directions:<br />

Make up to eight weekly, sequential applications. Begin the season with low water volumes.<br />

As the plant canopy increases, the Actigard rate should increase to ensure activity.<br />

*Please consult the Actigard product label for complete use directions.<br />

A C T I G A R D<br />

9


Protect Your <strong>Tomatoes</strong><br />

with Bravo Weather Stik<br />

Bravo Weather Stik fungicide is a leading choice<br />

among tomato growers because it protects foliage<br />

against early blight, late blight, gray leaf spot, gray<br />

leaf mold, Septoria leaf spot and target spot. Bravo<br />

Weather Stik also protects fruit against anthracnose,<br />

black mold, gray mold and fruit rot. The patented<br />

Weather Stik ® formulation sticks and stays on the<br />

plant longer than any other fungicide available.<br />

In wet conditions when disease pressure is highest,<br />

Bravo Weather Stik is at its best.<br />

B R A V O W E A T H E R S T I K 10<br />

T O M AT O E S


Bravo Weather Stik Recommendations<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Foliage:<br />

Early Blight<br />

(Alternaria solani)<br />

Gray Leaf Mold<br />

(Fulvia fulva;<br />

Cladosporium)<br />

Gray Leaf Spot<br />

(Stemphylium<br />

botryosum)<br />

Fruit:<br />

Alternaria Fruit Rot<br />

(Black Mold)<br />

(Alternaria alternata)<br />

Anthracnose<br />

(Colletotrichum spp.)<br />

Botrytis Gray Mold<br />

(Botrytis cinerea)<br />

Late Blight<br />

(Phytophthora<br />

infestans)<br />

Septoria Leaf Spot<br />

(Septoria lycopersici)<br />

Target Spot<br />

(Corynespora<br />

cassiicola)<br />

Late Blight Fruit Rot<br />

(Phytophthora infestans)<br />

Rhizoctonia Fruit Rot<br />

(Rhizoctonia solani)<br />

(Apply every seven to<br />

10 days)<br />

1 3 /8 to 2.0 pts./A<br />

(Apply every seven to<br />

14 days at beginning<br />

of fruit set)<br />

2.0 to 2 ¾ pts./A<br />

Application Directions:<br />

Apply in sufficient water to obtain adequate coverage. Begin applications<br />

when dew or rain occur and disease threatens. Apply on a seven- to 10-day<br />

interval for foliage diseases. <strong>For</strong> fruit diseases, begin at fruit set and apply<br />

on a seven- to 14-day interval. Use the highest rate and shortest interval<br />

specified when disease conditions are severe. The minimum re-treatment<br />

interval is seven days.<br />

Apply by ground, air or chemigation.<br />

*Please consult the Bravo Weather Stik product label for complete<br />

use directions.<br />

B R A V O W E A T H E R S T I K<br />

11


F A R M O R E T E C H N O L O G Y P L A T F O R M 12<br />

A Novel Approach for<br />

Early Season Tomato Protection<br />

The FarMore Technology Platform is the first comprehensive<br />

seed delivered system that helps maximize vegetable<br />

production by enhancing both performance and value.<br />

FarMore Technology offers an all-in-one plant health solution<br />

for maximum return on investment potential and grower<br />

convenience. FarMore Technology includes a seed companyor<br />

seed technology provider-applied combination of<br />

separately registered seed protection products and protocols.<br />

This seed protection system provides small-seeded vegetable<br />

growers with consistent performance and improved seed<br />

technology to enhance seedling emergence, plant stand<br />

establishment, early season vigor and plant health, as well<br />

as protect yield potential.<br />

T O M AT O E S


The combination of certain environmental conditions<br />

and pathogens on the seed or in the soil may result in<br />

damping-off, decay, seedling blight and eventual death<br />

of the seed or seedling. The broad-spectrum disease<br />

protection of FarMore Technology protects the seed<br />

by targeting seed-borne and soil-borne fungi that cause<br />

these early season infections. FarMore Technology<br />

provides broad-spectrum, systemic and post-emergence<br />

disease protection against Fusarium, Pythium and<br />

Rhizoctonia for tomatoes. The combination of active<br />

ingredients and protocols are active on all four major<br />

classes of pathogenic fungi.<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Seed- and Soil-borne Diseases*<br />

General Damping-off<br />

and Seedling Blight<br />

Alternaria<br />

Fusarium<br />

Pythium<br />

Rhizoctonia<br />

Seed-borne<br />

Sclerotinia<br />

*Please contact a technology provider for more information.<br />

F A R M O R E T E C H N O L O G Y P L A T F O R M<br />

13


Q U A D R I S 14<br />

Quadris Means Quality in <strong>Tomatoes</strong><br />

Quadris fungicide has become the gold standard for<br />

disease control in tomato crops. The systemic properties<br />

of Quadris allow the active ingredient, azoxystrobin, to<br />

move within the plant’s xylem. This systemic activity is<br />

known as the Quadris X-Factor TM and provides an even<br />

distribution of Quadris in the foliage and into newly<br />

formed leaves for better disease control. This also<br />

provides excellent rainfastness. When applied as a<br />

foliar spray, the slow, steady uptake of Quadris keeps<br />

a sufficient amount of fungicide on leaf surfaces to<br />

protect the plant from infection by preventing<br />

spore germination.<br />

T O M AT O E S


Quadris Recommendations<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Anthracnose<br />

(Colletotrichum coccodes)<br />

Black Mold<br />

(Alternaria alternata)<br />

Buckeye Rot<br />

(Phytophthora spp.)<br />

Early Blight<br />

(Alternaria solani)<br />

Powdery Mildew<br />

(Leveillula taurica)<br />

Septoria Leaf spot<br />

(Septoria lycopersici)<br />

Target spot<br />

(Corynespora cassiicola)<br />

Late Blight<br />

(Phytophthora<br />

infestans)<br />

5.0 to 6.0 fl. oz./A<br />

6.0 fl. oz./A<br />

Integrated Pest (Disease) Management: Quadris should be integrated into an overall disease<br />

management strategy that includes proper selection of varieties with disease tolerance, removal<br />

of plant debris in which inoculum overwinters, plant residue management, crop rotation and<br />

proper timing and placement of irrigation.<br />

Resistance Management: When Quadris is being applied for the control of early blight, late blight,<br />

Septoria leaf spot and/or anthracnose, no more than one foliar application of Quadris or other QoI<br />

fungicides should be made before alternating with a fungicide with a different mode of action. If<br />

late blight should occur during an early blight spray program, switch immediately to the late blight<br />

spray program beginning with a fungicide that has a different mode of action. Do not make more<br />

than five foliar applications of Quadris or other QoI fungicides per acre per year.<br />

Application Directions: Quadris applications should begin prior to disease development and continue<br />

throughout the season following the resistance management guidelines. <strong>For</strong> late blight, Quadris<br />

should be applied at a five- to seven-day interval. <strong>For</strong> all other tomato diseases, Quadris should be<br />

applied on seven- to 21-day intervals. Applications may be made by ground, air or chemigation.<br />

Use of an adjuvant may result in severe phytotoxicity.<br />

Quadris should not be applied until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding.<br />

Do not apply more than 0.6 lb. a.i./A per season of products containing azoxystrobin.<br />

Quadris may be applied the day of harvest (zero-day preharvest interval (PHI)).<br />

*Please consult the Quadris product label for complete use directions.<br />

Q U A D R I S<br />

15


Q U A D R I S O P T I 16<br />

Quadris Opti – Proven Yield and Quality<br />

Benefits in a Convenient Premix<br />

Quadris Opti fungicide combines the active<br />

ingredients in Bravo Weather Stik and Quadris in<br />

a convenient formulation to provide growers with<br />

powerful, proven performance against a variety of<br />

fungal pathogens. Quadris Opti is highly effective<br />

against a wide range of diseases affecting tomatoes,<br />

including anthracnose, early blight, late blight and<br />

black mold. Complementing the excellent systemic<br />

activity and proven performance of Quadris, Bravo<br />

Weather Stik provides a different mode of action for<br />

resistance management. Bravo Weather Stik also has a<br />

patented Weather Stik formulation that sticks and stays<br />

on the plant longer than any other fungicide available.<br />

Quadris Opti is the choice when superior efficacy and<br />

sound resistance management are necessary to protect<br />

yield and quality.<br />

T O M AT O E S


Quadris Opti Recommendations for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

Anthracnose<br />

(Colletotrichum coccodes)<br />

Black Mold<br />

(Alternaria alternata)<br />

Buckeye Rot<br />

(Phytophthora spp.)<br />

Early Blight<br />

(Alternaria solani)<br />

Late Blight<br />

(Phytophthora infestans)<br />

Powdery Mildew<br />

(Leveillula taurica)<br />

Septoria Leaf Spot<br />

(Septoria lycopersici)<br />

Target Spot<br />

(Corynespora cassiicola)<br />

Q U A D R I S O P T I<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

1.6 pts./A Integrated Pest (Disease) Management: Quadris Opti should be integrated into an overall disease<br />

management strategy that includes proper selection of varieties with disease tolerance, removal of<br />

plant debris in which inoculum overwinters, plant residue management, crop rotation and proper<br />

timing and placement of irrigation.<br />

Resistance Management: No more than one application of Quadris Opti or other strobilurins<br />

(QoI Group 11 fungicides) should be made before alternating with a fungicide with a different<br />

mode of action. Do not make more than five foliar applications of Quadris Opti or other<br />

QoI Group 11 fungicides per acre per year.<br />

Application Directions: Quadris Opti applications should begin prior to disease development and<br />

continue throughout the season following the resistance management guidelines.<br />

Quadris Opti should be applied on a five- to seven-day schedule for control of late blight. <strong>For</strong> all other<br />

diseases, make applications on a seven- to 21-day schedule. If conditions are favorable for severe<br />

epidemics, use the shorter application intervals. Applications may be made by ground, air or chemigation.<br />

Quadris Opti should not be applied until 21 days after transplanting or 35 days after seeding.<br />

Quadris Opti should not be applied six days before or after a post-emergence broadcast application of Sencor ® .<br />

Adjuvants should not be used as they may increase the potential for severe phytotoxicity.<br />

Specific Use Restrictions: Do not apply more than 0.5 lb. a.i. of azoxystrobin per acre per year.<br />

Do not apply more than 15.0 lbs. a.i. of chlorothalonil or products containing chlorothalonil per acre<br />

per year. Quadris Opti may be applied the day of harvest (zero-day PHI).<br />

*Please consult the Quadris Opti product label for complete use directions.<br />

17


Revus Top …<br />

Break the Mold<br />

Revus Top fungicide offers growers exceptional,<br />

broad-spectrum control of many foliar diseases,<br />

including early blight and late blight in tomatoes.<br />

Revus Top also has activity on leaf spot, anthracnose,<br />

black mold and other diseases. Containing two<br />

highly active ingredients, mandipropamid and<br />

difenoconazole, Revus Top is conveniently pre-mixed<br />

for easy, economical disease control.<br />

R E V U S T O P 18<br />

T O M AT O E S


Revus Top Recommendations<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Anthracnose<br />

(Colletotrichum spp.)<br />

Black Mold<br />

(Alternaria alternata)<br />

Early Blight<br />

(Alternaria solani)<br />

Gray Leaf Spot<br />

(Stemphylium botryosum)<br />

Late Blight<br />

(Phytophthora infestans)<br />

Leaf Mold<br />

(Fulvia fulva)<br />

Powdery Mildew<br />

(Leveillula taurica)<br />

Septoria Leafspot<br />

(Septoria lycopersici)<br />

Target Spot<br />

(Corynespora cassiicola)<br />

5.5 to 7.0 fl. oz./A Begin application prior to disease development and continue throughout the season on a sevento<br />

10-day interval. Make no more than two consecutive applications before switching to another<br />

effective fungicide with a different mode of action. Use the shorter interval and/or higher rates<br />

under high pressure or when conditions are conducive to disease.<br />

The addition of a spreading/penetrating type of adjuvant such as a non-iconic surfactant or crop oil<br />

concentrate or blend is recommended when applying by ground or air.<br />

Application Directions:<br />

<strong>For</strong> best results, use sufficient water volume to provide thorough coverage. Revus Top may be<br />

applied by ground, chemigation or aerial application.<br />

Specific Use Restrictions:<br />

• Do not apply more than 28.0 fl. oz./A per season of Revus Top.<br />

• Do not apply more than 0.52 lb. a.i./A per season of products containing mandipropamid.<br />

• Do not apply more than 0.46 lb. a.i./A per season of products containing difenoconazole.<br />

• Do not apply within one day of harvest (one-day PHI).<br />

• Do not use on varieties in which the mature tomatoes will be less than 2 inches<br />

(such as cherry tomatoes).<br />

*Please consult the Revus Top product label for complete use directions.<br />

R E V U S T O P<br />

19


R I D O M I L G O L D B R A V O S C 20<br />

Ridomil Gold Bravo SC –<br />

Powerful Disease Protection<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong><br />

Ridomil Gold Bravo SC fungicide is an optimized<br />

combination of systemic and protectant fungicides that<br />

contains the same proven active ingredients found in<br />

Ridomil Gold ® and Bravo Weather Stik. Ridomil Gold,<br />

a systemic fungicide containing the active ingredient<br />

mefenoxam, provides control of downy mildew and<br />

late blight diseases in certain crops. Bravo Weather Stik,<br />

containing the active ingredient chlorothalonil, is a<br />

broad-spectrum protectant fungicide that controls many<br />

diseases and is an excellent resistance management tool.<br />

T O M AT O E S


Ridomil Gold Bravo SC Recommendations<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Early Blight<br />

(Alternaria solani)<br />

Fruit Rot<br />

(Phytophthora spp.)<br />

Gray Leaf Spot<br />

(Stemphylium<br />

botryosum)<br />

Anthracnose<br />

(Colletotrichum spp.)<br />

Black Mold<br />

(Alternaria alternata)<br />

Late Blight<br />

(Phytophthora infestans)<br />

Leaf Mold<br />

(Cladosporium fulvum)<br />

Septoria Leaf Spot<br />

(Septoria lycopersici)<br />

Gray Mold<br />

(Botrytis cinerea)<br />

Rhizoctonia Fruit Rot<br />

(Rhizoctonia solani)<br />

2.5 pts./A<br />

2.5 to 3.25 pts./A<br />

Integrated Pest (Disease) Management:<br />

Integrate Ridomil Gold Bravo SC into an overall disease management<br />

strategy that includes selection of varieties with disease tolerance, optimum<br />

plant populations, proper fertilization, plant residue management, crop<br />

rotation and water management practices.<br />

Begin preventive applications early in the season when conditions are<br />

favorable for disease (before infection). Apply the labeled rate of a<br />

protectant fungicide between Ridomil Gold Bravo SC applications.<br />

Under severe disease pressure for anthracnose, black mold, gray mold<br />

or Rhizoctonia fruit rot, use the high rate and add Bravo Weather Stik<br />

(1.0 pt./A) or Bravo Ultrex ® (0.9 lb./A) to the tank.<br />

Specific Use Restrictions:<br />

Do not apply within five days of harvest (five-day PHI). Do not exceed the<br />

equivalent of 15.0 lbs. a.i./A per season of products containing chlorothalonil.<br />

Do not exceed the equivalent of 1.0 lb. a.i./A per season of soil-applied and<br />

0.5 lb. a.i./A per season of foliar-applied products containing mefenoxam.<br />

*Please consult the Ridomil Gold Bravo SC product label for complete<br />

use directions.<br />

R I D O M I L G O L D B R A V O S C<br />

21


Get Effective Tomato<br />

Protection with<br />

Ridomil Gold GR<br />

Ridomil Gold GR is an efficient, granular systemic<br />

fungicide, ideal for use on tomatoes. Soil applications<br />

of Ridomil Gold GR at planting will provide effective<br />

control of damping-off caused by Pythium spp. Soil<br />

applications four to 12 weeks before harvest under<br />

the vines will control fruit rot and root rot caused by<br />

Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp. Use Ridomil<br />

Gold GR as an integral part of a tomato disease<br />

management program for best results.<br />

R I D O M I L G O L D G R 22<br />

T O M AT O E S


Ridomil Gold GR Recommendations<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Damping-off<br />

(Pythium spp.)<br />

Root and Fruit Rot<br />

(Phytophthora spp.)<br />

(Pythium spp.)<br />

20.0 lbs./A Applicator Settings: It is important to calibrate each granular applicator before its use. Even after calibration, check<br />

the actual application rate under your operating conditions.<br />

Application Instructions: Damping-off (Pythium spp.): Apply 20.0 lbs. per treated acre uniformly over the surface of<br />

the soil at planting. If natural rainfall is not expected before the seeds begin germinating, Ridomil Gold GR should be<br />

incorporated mechanically with ½ to 1 inch sprinkler irrigation. <strong>For</strong> banded applications, a 7-inch band is recommended.<br />

Root and Fruit Rot (Phytophthora spp. and Pythium spp.): Additional applications can be made as soil surface applications<br />

under the vines to provide control of root and fruit rot. If only one application is planned, apply 20.0 lbs. per treated<br />

acre under the vines four weeks after the planting application to four weeks before harvest, depending on the<br />

expected occurrence of the diseases. If root and fruit rot is a problem throughout the growing season or the occurrence<br />

of diseases cannot be predicted, make two additional applications at 10.0 lbs. per treated acre under the vines, one<br />

application four to six weeks after the planting application and another four weeks before harvest. If rainfall is not<br />

expected within three days of the application, follow as soon as possible with 1 /2 to 1 inch overhead irrigation.<br />

Ridomil Gold GR can be shanked into the beds with fertilizer. <strong>For</strong> calculating the amount of Ridomil Gold GR needed<br />

per acre, apply the same amount as would be applied on a 7-inch band at 20.0 lbs. per treated acre. To obtain uniform<br />

disease control, Ridomil Gold GR must be mixed uniformly with the fertilizer.<br />

To avoid possible illegal residues, do not apply more than 40.0 lbs. per treated acre per season, and do not apply<br />

within seven days of harvest. Do not use Ridomil Gold GR for disease control in greenhouse or field-grown<br />

vegetable bedding plants.<br />

*Please consult the Ridomil Gold GR product label for complete use directions.<br />

R I D O M I L G O L D G R<br />

23


R I D O M I L G O L D M Z W G 24<br />

Ridomil Gold MZ WG –<br />

Increased Protection for<br />

<strong>Tomatoes</strong> Against Late Blight<br />

Ridomil Gold MZ WG is a dual-ingredient, systemic<br />

fungicide used to control diseases caused by members<br />

of the oomycete family of fungi. It contains mefenoxam<br />

and mancozeb, which also provide resistance management.<br />

When used as a foliar application in a preventive disease<br />

control program, Ridomil Gold MZ WG will provide<br />

effective control of late blight caused by Phytophthora<br />

infestans. Use Ridomil Gold MZ WG as an integral part of<br />

a tomato disease management program for best results.<br />

T O M AT O E S


Ridomil Gold MZ WG Recommendations<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Late Blight<br />

(Phytophthora<br />

infestans)<br />

2.5 lbs./A Begin preventive applications early in the season when conditions are favorable for disease (before<br />

infection) and continue at 14-day intervals until the threat of disease is over. Apply the labeled rate<br />

of a protectant fungicide between Ridomil Gold MZ WG applications. If conditions are favorable after<br />

making three applications of Ridomil Gold MZ WG, use other fungicides registered for control of late<br />

blight in tomatoes.<br />

Specific Use Restrictions:<br />

Ridomil Gold MZ WG may be applied up to five days before harvest (five-day PHI). A maximum of 10.0<br />

lbs. of Ridomil Gold MZ WG may be used per crop per acre each season. If other registered fungicides<br />

containing EBDC active ingredients are used during the growing season, do not exceed a total of 16.8<br />

lbs. EBDC a.i./A on tomatoes grown east of the Mississippi River and 6.4 lbs. EBDC a.i./A on tomatoes<br />

grown west of the Mississippi River. If tank mixed with other products containing EBDC a.i., do not<br />

exceed 2.4 lbs. EBDC a.i./A east of the Mississippi River or 1.6 lbs. EBDC a.i./A west of the Mississippi<br />

River per application. Do not exceed the equivalent of 0.5 lb. a.i./A per season of foliar-applied products<br />

containing mefenoxam.<br />

*Please consult the Ridomil Gold MZ WG product label for complete use directions.<br />

R I D O M I L G O L D M Z W G<br />

25


Get More Tomato Protection<br />

with Ridomil Gold SL<br />

Ridomil Gold SL is a systemic fungicide in a<br />

contemporary formulation that contains the active<br />

ingredient mefenoxam and provides effective control<br />

of certain soil-borne and foliar diseases on a wide<br />

range of crops. The improved formulation offers<br />

enhanced environmental and handling characteristics<br />

and is the premier product for controlling diseases<br />

caused by oomycete species, including soil-borne<br />

Pythium spp. and Phytophthora spp. Use<br />

Ridomil Gold SL as an integral part of a tomato<br />

disease management program for best results.<br />

R I D O M I L G O L D S L 26<br />

T O M AT O E S


Ridomil Gold SL Recommendations<br />

for <strong>Tomatoes</strong>*<br />

Target Diseases Use Rate Remarks<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

Damping-off<br />

(Pythium spp.)<br />

Root and Fruit Rot<br />

(Phytophthora spp.)<br />

(Pythium spp.)<br />

1.0 to 2.0 pts./A<br />

1.0 pt./A<br />

Soil Spray (Broadcast or Band): Apply at planting in water or liquid fertilizer.<br />

<strong>For</strong> banded application, a 7-inch band is recommended.<br />

Injection (Drip Irrigation):<br />

Initiate control of root and fruit rot with a soil application as described above. Make subsequent<br />

applications through drip irrigation. Make the first drip application four to six weeks after<br />

planting. Apply the second drip application as needed up to four weeks before harvest but<br />

before the last irrigation.<br />

<strong>For</strong> injected applications, base rate calculations on a 7-inch band.<br />

Soil Spray (Broadcast or Band) or Soil Injection:<br />

Apply as a directed soil surface spray under the vines or injected into the beds with water or<br />

liquid fertilizer.<br />

Make an application four to six weeks after planting. If needed, make a second application up<br />

to four weeks before harvest, but before the last irrigation.<br />

Do not exceed the equivalent of 1.5 lbs. a.i./A per crop of soil-applied products containing<br />

mefenoxam and 0.5 lb. a.i./A per crop of foliar-applied products containing mefenoxam.<br />

*Please consult the Ridomil Gold SL product label for complete use directions.<br />

R I D O M I L G O L D S L<br />

27


Disease<br />

Identification<br />

D I S E A S E S


A N T H R A C N O S E 30<br />

Anthracnose – Colletotrichum coccodes<br />

Symptoms<br />

Depressed, circular<br />

lesions that can enlarge<br />

to about 1 to 2 cm in<br />

diameter appear on<br />

ripe fruit.<br />

As lesions mature,<br />

they show concentric ring<br />

markings and become<br />

dotted with small black<br />

specks. In moist weather,<br />

masses of salmon-colored<br />

spores may form on the<br />

lesion surface.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Anthracnose is primarily a disease of ripe and<br />

overripe fruit. The fungus overwinters as microsclerotia<br />

on plant debris, which germinates and produces conidia<br />

when conditions are wet and warm. The fungus may<br />

infect fruit resting on the soil surface or it may be<br />

rain-splashed to fruit higher up in the canopy. Infection<br />

may occur while fruit is immature, but symptoms are<br />

not expressed on the fruit until it matures and ripens.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Optimum conditions for infection include<br />

temperatures from 68º to 75º F combined with free<br />

moisture. Dissemination is favored by splashing<br />

rain and overhead irrigation.<br />

A N T H R A C N O S E<br />

31


B A C T E R I A L S P E C K 32<br />

Bacterial Speck – Pseudomonas syringae<br />

Symptoms<br />

Leaf lesions are round<br />

and dark brown to black<br />

with a yellow halo that<br />

develops with time.<br />

Lesions may coalesce,<br />

killing large parts of<br />

leaves.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Other structural parts of the<br />

plant such as petioles can be<br />

infected. Symptoms are expressed<br />

as oval to elongated lesions.<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

The bacterium that causes bacterial speck is<br />

seed-borne but the importance of seed-borne inoculum<br />

is not known. The bacterium is disseminated by<br />

splashing rain and by machinery. The bacterium<br />

may also survive for many weeks in crop residue.<br />

Bacterial speck is a polycyclic disease.<br />

Tiny dark lesions (smaller than<br />

1 mm in diameter) may develop on<br />

fruit. The tissue around each fruit<br />

speck may be a more intense green<br />

than unaffected areas, resulting in<br />

a dark green halo around the spot.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

High humidity, rainfall and temperatures<br />

between 64º to 75º F favor disease development.<br />

B A C T E R I A L S P E C K<br />

33


B A C T E R I A L S P O T 34<br />

Bacterial Spot – Xanthomonas campestris<br />

Symptoms<br />

On leaves, stems and<br />

fruit, small lesions are<br />

generally brown and<br />

circular and less than<br />

3 mm in diameter.<br />

Immature lesions look<br />

water-soaked when<br />

wet with rain or dew.<br />

Fruit lesions start<br />

as tiny raised blisters.<br />

They increase in size<br />

and become brown<br />

and scab-like.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Bacterial spot can survive on tomato volunteers,<br />

diseased plant debris and seed. It may be disseminated<br />

on seed and within a field by rain splashing, transplant<br />

clipping, or by workers or equipment moving through<br />

the field. Bacterial spot is a polycyclic disease.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Disease development is favored by temperatures<br />

of 75º to 86º F and extended periods of rainfall.<br />

B A C T E R I A L S P O T<br />

35


B L A C K M O L D 36<br />

Black Mold – Alternaria alternata<br />

Symptoms<br />

Light to dark brown<br />

lesions on the surface<br />

of ripe fruit range from<br />

small flecks to large<br />

sunken lesions. During<br />

warm, humid weather,<br />

the fungus sporulates<br />

to form a black velvetlike<br />

layer on the lesion<br />

surface.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Black mold survives on infected tomato debris in<br />

the soil. Spores are disseminated via wind or splashing<br />

water. Infection occurs when spores are blown onto<br />

plants or when plants contact infested soil. The<br />

fungus can infect fruit through wounds or other<br />

damaged tissue.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Because free water is required for spore germination<br />

and infection, black mold usually occurs following rains,<br />

heavy dew or overhead irrigation. Symptoms may be<br />

observed within four to five days after infection during<br />

optimal environmental conditions that include<br />

temperatures between 75º to 82º F.<br />

B L A C K M O L D<br />

37


B U C K E Y E R O T 38<br />

Buckeye Rot – Phytophthora parasitica, P. capsici and P. drechsleri<br />

Symptoms<br />

A white cottony fungal<br />

growth may appear on<br />

lesions under high<br />

moisture conditions.<br />

Fruit lesions often<br />

show a pattern of<br />

concentric rings of<br />

alternating dark brown<br />

and light brown bands.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Buckeye rot infection occurs when fruit contacts<br />

soil-borne inoculum, either by resting on the soil<br />

surface or by mud splashing. The buckeye rot fungus<br />

produces sporangia that give rise to zoospores under<br />

optimal environmental conditions. The spores can<br />

infect directly through the tomato skin. The pathogen<br />

may be disseminated by surface water movement<br />

and/or rain splashing.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Buckeye rot is most common during periods of<br />

prolonged warm, wet weather. Widespread losses<br />

may develop in conditions of excessive soil moisture<br />

and soil temperatures of 64º to 86º F. Soil that holds<br />

water for five hours or longer due to compaction or<br />

poor drainage favors infection.<br />

B U C K E Y E R O T<br />

39


D A M P I N G - O F F 40<br />

Damping-off – Pythium spp.<br />

Symptoms<br />

Seed decay or seedling<br />

death prior to emergence<br />

from the soil; death of<br />

emerged seedling or<br />

transplants as roots rot;<br />

lower stems appear<br />

water-soaked and<br />

shriveled at the soil<br />

line, followed by plant<br />

wilt and death may occur.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Species of Pythium naturally inhabit the soil.<br />

Infection in plant tissue is influenced by soil moisture,<br />

soil temperature, pH, cation composition, light and<br />

the presence of other organisms.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Optimum conditions for infection include wet soils<br />

during seeding through the first two weeks after<br />

transplanting. Soil moisture near saturation stimulates<br />

mycelium vegetative growth. Plants are more<br />

susceptible under these conditions: too high or too<br />

low temperatures; excessive moisture; poor quality<br />

light or unbalanced nutrition.<br />

D A M P I N G - O F F<br />

41


E A R L Y B L I G H T 42<br />

Early Blight – Alternaria solani<br />

Symptoms<br />

Immature lesions are<br />

small and brownish black,<br />

often with a yellow halo,<br />

and usually occur on older<br />

foliage. As lesions enlarge,<br />

concentric rings may be<br />

observed.<br />

Stem lesions on seedlings<br />

are dark, slightly sunken,<br />

and have concentric<br />

rings and light-colored<br />

centers. Stem lesions may<br />

girdle the plant, causing<br />

collar rot.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Fruit lesions grow large and<br />

usually have concentric rings.<br />

Diseased areas appear leathery<br />

and may be covered by a velvety<br />

mass of black spores.<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

The early blight fungus survives between crops on<br />

soil debris, on seed and on volunteer tomato plants<br />

and other solanaceous hosts. Primary infection occurs<br />

early in the season from conidia that are rain-splashed<br />

onto new seedlings. Lesions are visible two to three<br />

days after infection. Conidia formed on lesions serve<br />

as a secondary inoculum and are wind-disseminated.<br />

By late season, under favorable<br />

conditions for disease development,<br />

premature defoliation may occur.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Periods of mild, rainy weather are ideal for infection.<br />

Conidia require free moisture for germination that<br />

can occur in just 35 to 45 minutes at temperatures of<br />

82º to 86º F. Heavy dew or frequent rains are necessary<br />

for abundant sporulation. Early blight is usually less<br />

severe on tomatoes grown under high fertility.<br />

E A R L Y B L I G H T<br />

43


Gray Leaf Spot –<br />

G R A Y L E A F S P O T 44<br />

Stemphylium solani, S. floridanum and<br />

S. botryosum f.sp. lycopersici<br />

Symptoms<br />

Immature lesions are<br />

barely visible and typically<br />

limited to the leaf surface<br />

itself. Circular to oblong<br />

brownish black specks are<br />

randomly scattered over<br />

the leaf surface and are<br />

unrestricted by veins.<br />

Occasional lesions<br />

develop on petioles and<br />

stems that are linear and<br />

parallel to the stem itself.<br />

Mature leaf lesions can<br />

reach 2 to 4 mm or more in<br />

diameter and may coalesce,<br />

killing large areas of the<br />

leaf blade. The center of<br />

leaf lesions may dry out<br />

and crack. The entire<br />

leaf may yellow and<br />

eventually defoliate.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Gray leaf spot often occurs during the first true-leaf<br />

stage of plant development. The fungus remains viable<br />

from season to season on infected plant debris or on<br />

other plant hosts such as pepper, horsenettle, etc.<br />

Infection may occur in seedbeds or in field-seeded<br />

seedlings. Conidia serve as both primary and secondary<br />

inoculum and are disseminated by the wind or during<br />

transplanting. Symptoms may occur within five days<br />

of infection.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

The optimum temperature for spore germination<br />

is 78º to 80º F. Spores germinate quickly under warm,<br />

moist conditions with extensive growth in a single<br />

night. Optimum temperature for sporulation is<br />

73º to 80º F.<br />

G R A Y L E A F S P O T<br />

45


G R A Y M O L D 46<br />

Gray Mold – Botrytis cinerea<br />

Symptoms<br />

Sporulation of the<br />

fungus from infected<br />

necrotic tissue produces<br />

a fuzzy, gray-brown<br />

appearance. Lesions may<br />

girdle the stem and cause<br />

the plant to wilt above<br />

the lesion.<br />

Lesions on fruit are<br />

typical of soft rot with<br />

decayed regions. Skin<br />

ruptures and sporulation<br />

occurs in the center of<br />

the decayed area.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

The disease survives from season to season as<br />

sclerotia on woody plant tissue or as saprophyte on<br />

organic matter in soil. In addition, the fungus has a<br />

wide host range and may survive on these hosts.<br />

Conidia serve as secondary inoculum and are<br />

disseminated by wind. Gray mold of foliage is usually<br />

associated with some type of wounding or injury and<br />

primarily affects mature plants with a dense canopy.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Infection occurs in cool weather and does not require<br />

prolonged periods of high humidity. The optimum<br />

temperature for infection is 64º to 73º F. Plants grown<br />

in acidic, sandy soils with high water content are<br />

particularly susceptible to gray mold.<br />

G R A Y M O L D<br />

47


L A T E B L I G H T 48<br />

Late Blight – Phytophthora infestans<br />

Symptoms<br />

Young leaf lesions first<br />

appear as water-soaked<br />

areas on the leaflets that<br />

enlarge quickly and turn<br />

pale green to brown.<br />

In moist weather, the<br />

lesions on the undersides<br />

of the leaf may show a<br />

moldy, gray to white<br />

growth, which is the<br />

sporulation of the fungus.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

As lesions mature, they turn<br />

brown and cause general leaf<br />

dieback.<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Late blight survives on volunteer plants and on<br />

abandoned plant material, such as cull piles. Sporangia<br />

serve as the primary inoculum and are carried by wind to<br />

other plants. Sporangia may germinate directly and infect<br />

the plant, or, if temperatures are 54º to 59º F, sporangia<br />

may produce zoospores that in turn infect the plant.<br />

When conditions are favorable, the disease develops so<br />

fast it appears as if the crop has been frost-damaged.<br />

Fruit lesions appear as dark<br />

olive, greasy spots that may enlarge<br />

to cover the whole fruit.<br />

L A T E B L I G H T<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

The disease is most active during cool, moist weather,<br />

especially cool nights and warm days. Optimum conditions<br />

for sporulation are 91 percent to 100 percent humidity<br />

and 64º to 72º F. Optimum temperatures for zoospore<br />

formation and germination are 54º to 59º F.<br />

Temperatures above 86º F are unfavorable for disease<br />

development, although the pathogen can survive.<br />

49


P O W D E R Y M I L D E W 50<br />

Powdery Mildew – Leveillula taurica<br />

Symptoms<br />

The most commonly<br />

seen symptoms of<br />

powdery mildew are<br />

light green to bright<br />

yellow lesions on the<br />

upper surface of the leaf.<br />

Necrotic spots may<br />

develop in their centers.<br />

A light powdery layer<br />

may cover the lesion on<br />

the leaf surface. Heavily<br />

infected leaves die but<br />

usually do not drop from<br />

the plant.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Powdery mildew probably overwinters on weed<br />

hosts. Conidia, the primary source of infection, are<br />

wind-borne and serve as both primary and secondary<br />

inoculum. Powdery mildew is a polycyclic disease.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Conidia can germinate in a wide range of<br />

temperatures, from 50º to 95º F. Infection is favored by<br />

temperatures under 86º F and high relative humidity.<br />

Once infection is established in a tomato leaf,<br />

temperatures above 86º F can speed up symptom<br />

development and death of leaf tissue.<br />

P O W D E R Y M I L D E W<br />

51


S E P T O R I A L E A F S P O T 52<br />

Septoria Leaf Spot – Septoria lycopersici<br />

Symptoms<br />

The first symptoms are<br />

usually visible on lower<br />

leaves after the first fruit<br />

sets and may also appear<br />

on stems, petioles and<br />

the calyx. Disease spreads<br />

upward, from oldest to<br />

youngest growth. Fruit<br />

infection is rare.<br />

The centers of leaf<br />

lesions are usually dotted<br />

with black pycnidia and<br />

often have a narrow<br />

yellow halo. Lesions can<br />

enlarge to 5 mm in<br />

diameter. Numerous leaf<br />

lesions can cause infected<br />

leaves to turn chlorotic,<br />

then brown and wither.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

Septoria leaf spot overwinters on infected tomato<br />

debris or on stakes or cages. Conidia, the primary<br />

inoculum, are spread by splashing irrigation water,<br />

rain, or by workers and equipment. Symptoms may<br />

appear within six days after inoculation, with pycnidia<br />

visible about 14 days after inoculation. Septoria leaf<br />

spot is a polycyclic disease.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Optimum temperatures between 68º to 77º F encourage<br />

infection and symptom development. Long periods of<br />

high relative humidity, high temperatures and leaf<br />

wetness are ideal conditions for disease development.<br />

S E P T O R I A L E A F S P O T<br />

53


S O U T H E R N B L I G H T 54<br />

Southern Blight – Sclerotium rolfsii<br />

Symptoms<br />

Infected plants suffer<br />

a sudden and permanent<br />

wilt of all aboveground<br />

parts.<br />

Brown to black stem rot<br />

appears on plant parts in,<br />

on or near the soil line.<br />

Lesions develop rapidly,<br />

completely girdling the stem.<br />

Under moist conditions,<br />

white mycelium develops<br />

on lesions and extends up<br />

the stem of mature plants.<br />

Tan to reddish brown<br />

sclerotia averaging 1 to<br />

2 mm in diameter appear<br />

on the maturing lesion.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

White mycelium and<br />

sclerotia are usually<br />

observed in and on<br />

infected fruit.<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

The fungus infects fruit that comes into contact<br />

with infested soil. Fruit lesions appear sunken and<br />

slightly yellow with a ruptured epidermis. Lesions are<br />

water-soaked, soft and often star-shaped. Infected fruit<br />

collapses within three to four days. Brown lesions with<br />

surface mycelium appear on foliage that contacts<br />

infected soil. The fungus can survive for several years<br />

as sclerotia in soil and on host debris. Sclerotia serve<br />

as the primary inoculum. The pathogen may be<br />

disseminated through soil movement by equipment<br />

or by water. Southern blight is a monocyclic disease.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Optimum conditions for infection include moist<br />

air and temperatures between 86º to 95º F.<br />

S O U T H E R N B L I G H T<br />

55


T A R G E T S P O T 56<br />

Target Spot – Corynespora cassiicola<br />

Symptoms<br />

Small water-soaked<br />

lesions appear on the<br />

upper leaf surface. They<br />

gradually increase in<br />

size, becoming round and<br />

pale brown. Conspicuous<br />

yellow halos develop.<br />

Lesions may coalesce,<br />

causing tissue collapse.<br />

Petiole and stem lesions<br />

are brown and oblong<br />

and may girdle and kill<br />

leaflets.<br />

On young fruit, lesions<br />

first appear as dark,<br />

pinpoint brown spots.<br />

They may enlarge and<br />

develop into sunken<br />

lesions. Ripe fruit<br />

develops large round<br />

lesions with pale brown<br />

centers, which may crack.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

The fungus has a very wide host range and probably<br />

overwinters as mycelium and conidia on infected plant<br />

debris. Conidia serve as primary and secondary inoculum.<br />

Spores are most likely disseminated via splashing water<br />

and wind. Target spot is a polycyclic disease.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Optimum conditions for disease development<br />

include temperatures from 68º to 82º F and long<br />

periods (16 to 44 hours) of high moisture. Infection<br />

occurs at 60º to 90º F.<br />

T A R G E T S P O T<br />

57


W H I T E M O L D 58<br />

White Mold (Sclerotinia Stem Rot) – Sclerotinia sclerotiorum<br />

Symptoms<br />

Infected stems are soft<br />

with a light gray bleached<br />

appearance.<br />

Hard, black sclerotia<br />

with white interiors<br />

readily form inside stems.<br />

The sclerotia assume the<br />

elongated shape of the<br />

stem cavity or take on a<br />

tubular form. White mold<br />

occurs on plants during<br />

flowering. Infection<br />

begins in leaf axils or in<br />

stem joints where petals<br />

have fallen and lodged,<br />

producing water-soaked<br />

areas that eventually die.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Disease Cycle<br />

The fungus overwinters as sclerotia in soil and<br />

on infected plant debris. The sclerotia give rise to<br />

spore-producing bodies called apothecia in early spring.<br />

Apothecia produce ascospores that serve as primary<br />

inoculum for disease development. Ascospores are<br />

disseminated via wind. The fungus can also enter<br />

mature plants at the soil line. Mycelial growth spreads<br />

between lush, overlapping plants, killing large circular<br />

areas of infected plants within the field. Infected fruit<br />

appears gray and rapidly breaks down in a watery rot.<br />

The disease is generally monocyclic. However, disease<br />

spread from plant to plant may occur via contact of<br />

healthy plants with diseased plants or with the<br />

fungus mycelium.<br />

Conditions for Development<br />

Cool, moist conditions with high humidity and free<br />

moisture favor disease development. Long periods<br />

of continuous wetness are necessary for ascospore<br />

and plant tissue infection and lesion expansion.<br />

Poor air circulation and moisture retention promote<br />

disease development. White mold is more prevalent<br />

in low-lying areas, in fields adjacent to heavily<br />

wooded lots and in crops with lush vegetation.<br />

W H I T E M O L D<br />

59


Syngenta<br />

Seeds<br />

R O G E R S


S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S 62<br />

ROGERS – Making Superior Vegetables a Reality <br />

Proper variety selection is the foundation for<br />

effective disease management. With more than<br />

125 years of experience, ROGERS has tomato varieties<br />

to fit all growers’ production needs. With additional<br />

resources devoted to the program and a global<br />

germplasm base, the Syngenta Seeds tomato-breeding<br />

program is positioned to lead in the development<br />

of top quality varieties.<br />

Selected ROGERS tomato varieties have resistance<br />

or tolerance to: Fusarium wilt, Verticillium wilt,<br />

Stemphylium, tobacco mosaic virus and bacterial speck.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Variety Description Approx. Culture Approx. Fruit Disease<br />

Maturity Size Characteristics Resistance<br />

DETERMINATE OPEN FIELD<br />

Bobcat In California mature green and vine-ripe Early to Bush / Mostly Beef, globe shape, uniform green HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />

markets, Bobcat has demonstrated fruit mid- Stake extra large shoulders, jointed, very firm. S; V<br />

quality, uniformity and firmness.<br />

season and large IR: Ss<br />

Valleycat Valleycat is a mature green tomato developed Mid- Bush Mostly Deep red color; firm; excellent HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />

for California growing regions. This main season extra large internal structure for slicing. S; V; M<br />

season variety has demonstrated yields of<br />

and large<br />

extra large and large fruit and a medium<br />

sized, vigorous plant.<br />

QualiT 21 QualiT 21 delivers excellent firmness, internal Mid- Bush / Mostly Uniform green shoulders. HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />

structure and uniform ripening for California season Stake extra large Excellent fruit size and firmness. M; S; Ss;<br />

growers and features high resistance to<br />

tobacco mosaic virus and some root-knot<br />

and large ToMV (0-2);<br />

TMV; V<br />

nematode races.<br />

QualiT 23 QualiT 23 meets growers’ demand for a Mid- to Bush / Mostly Uniform green shoulders. HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />

season-long tomato program suitable for late- Stake extra large Uniform fruit size and shape. V; TMV;<br />

summer and fall harvests in the Central Valley season and large Excellent firmness. ToMV<br />

of California.<br />

S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S<br />

63


S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S<br />

64<br />

Variety Description Approx. Culture Approx. Fruit Disease<br />

Maturity Size Characteristics Resistance<br />

DETERMINATE OPEN FIELD continued<br />

Mountain Mountain Spring produces excellent size, Early to Stake / Mostly Globe. Uniform green shoulders. HR: Fol (1, 2);<br />

Spring firmness and high yield for the Carolinas, mid- Bush extra large Firm and tolerant to cracking. S; Ss; V<br />

the Midwest and the Northeast.<br />

season<br />

and large<br />

Sebring A mid-season, determinate beef tomato Mid- Stake Mostly Smooth, deep oblate, firm, HR: Fol (1, 2, 3);<br />

producing mostly extra large and large fruit, season extra large thick walled fruit. <strong>For</strong>; Ss; V<br />

uniform green shoulders and fruit quality<br />

and large<br />

characteristics that have been excellent in trials.<br />

Redline Redline features a disease package ideal for Mid- Stake Mostly Very firm fruit. HR: Fol (1, 2, 3);<br />

growers in the Southeast U.S. contending season extra large TSWV; V; S<br />

with TSWV and Fusarium 3 disease pressure,<br />

and large<br />

and is especially well-suited for Eastern U.S.<br />

stake culture.<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Variety Description Approx. Culture Approx. Fruit Disease<br />

Maturity Size Characteristics Resistance<br />

DETERMINATE OPEN FIELD continued<br />

Finishline Finishline produces large and extra large Mid- Stake Mostly Very firm fruit, high red color. HR: Fol (1, 2, 3);<br />

fruit, is well-suited for staked production season extra large TSWV; V; S<br />

areas and features an excellent disease<br />

and large<br />

resistance package including TSWV and<br />

Fusarium 3. In internal trials, Finishline<br />

performed best in light to medium pruning.<br />

DETERMINATE SALADETTE<br />

MiRoma MiRoma offers high packouts in the San Mid- Bush / Mostly Blocky saladette with very thick HR: Fol (1, 2,);<br />

Joaquin Valley and has produced high yields season Stake extra large walls and good interior/exterior M; Pst; V<br />

and large, blocky saladettes with smooth,<br />

and large color.<br />

firm, extra large and large fruit in trials.<br />

S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S<br />

65


R O G E R S T O M A T O V A R I E T I E S 66<br />

ROGERS Tomato Varieties<br />

<strong>For</strong> a complete listing of<br />

ROGERS varieties, please refer to<br />

www.rogersadvantage.com.<br />

Finishline<br />

Sebring<br />

MiRoma<br />

Bobcat<br />

T O M AT O E S


Abbreviation Key:<br />

Fol: Fusarium wilt caused by the specified races of<br />

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici<br />

<strong>For</strong>: Fusarium crown and root rot caused by<br />

Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici<br />

M: Root knot caused by Meloidogyne arenaria,<br />

M. ingognita and M. javanica<br />

Pst: Bacterial speck caused by Pseudomonas<br />

syringae pv. tomato<br />

Ss: Gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium solani<br />

TMV: Mosaic caused by tobacco mosaic virus<br />

ToMV: Mosaic caused by tomato mosaic virus<br />

TSWV: Spotted wilt caused by tomato spotted wilt virus<br />

V: Verticillium wilt caused by the specified race of<br />

Verticilium albo-atrum, V. dahliae<br />

Pathogen races are indicated to the right of the<br />

abbreviation in parentheses [example: Fol (1,2) =<br />

Fusarium wilt caused by races 1 and 2 of Fusarium<br />

S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S<br />

T O M AT O E S<br />

oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici]. In cases where specific<br />

races or strains are not noted, the variety is resistant<br />

to some but not necessarily all known races or strains<br />

of the pathogen.<br />

Note:<br />

All variety information presented herein is based<br />

on field and laboratory observation. Actual crop<br />

yield, quality and level of claimed pest and pathogen<br />

resistances are dependent upon many factors beyond<br />

our control and NO WARRANTY is made for crop<br />

yield, quality and level of claimed pest and pathogen<br />

resistances. Because environmental conditions and<br />

local practices may affect variety characteristics and<br />

performance, we disclaim any legal responsibility for<br />

these. Read all tags and labels. They contain important<br />

conditions of sale, including limitations of warranties<br />

and remedies.<br />

67


S Y N G E N T A S E E D S / R O G E R S 68<br />

Abbreviation Key continued:<br />

HR: High Resistance: describes plant varieties that<br />

highly restrict the growth and development of<br />

the specified pest or pathogen under normal<br />

pest or pathogen pressure when compared to<br />

susceptible varieties. However, highly resistant<br />

varieties may exhibit some symptoms or damage<br />

under heavy pest or pathogen pressure.<br />

IR: Intermediate Resistance: describes plant varieties<br />

that restrict the growth and development of the<br />

specified pest or pathogen, but may exhibit a<br />

greater range of symptoms or damage compared<br />

to highly resistant varieties. Intermediately<br />

resistant varieties will still show less severe<br />

symptoms or damage than susceptible plant<br />

varieties when grown under similar environmental<br />

conditions and/or pest or pathogen pressure.<br />

www.rogersadvantage.com<br />

T O M AT O E S


T O M AT O E S<br />

Syngenta Resources<br />

Syngenta is committed to providing growers with<br />

the edge needed to grow excellent crops.<br />

Syngenta Crop Protection<br />

P.O. Box 18300<br />

Greensboro, NC 27419<br />

<strong>For</strong> emergencies call 1-800-888-8372<br />

(exposure concerns, spills and leaks)<br />

Syngenta Customer Center<br />

● <strong>For</strong> product support and compliance call<br />

1-866-796-4368<br />

www.syngentacropprotection.com<br />

● Product labels<br />

● Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)<br />

● Sales representative finder to locate your<br />

local representative<br />

● Product-specific training modules<br />

● Company news and product updates<br />

www.FarmAssist.com<br />

FarmAssist.com ® provides:<br />

● Local pest and agronomic alerts<br />

● Detailed pest library<br />

● Crop scouting reports<br />

● Customized news, weather and markets<br />

Syngenta Seeds<br />

Syngenta Seeds, Inc.<br />

ROGERS Brand Vegetable Seeds<br />

600 North Armstrong Place (83704)<br />

P.O. Box 4188<br />

Boise, ID 83711-4188<br />

Tel 1-800-462-0608<br />

www.rogersadvantage.com<br />

Photo Credits<br />

APS (American Phytopathological Society)<br />

K. Brownell J.P. Jones H. Yonce<br />

V. Greeson M. Moss<br />

R E S O U R C E S<br />

69


www.rogersadvantage.com<br />

<strong>For</strong> more information, visit www.syngentacropprotection.com, farmassist.com, www.tomatoestoday.com<br />

or call the Syngenta Customer Center at 1-866-SYNGENT(A) (796-4368).<br />

©2009 Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc., P.O. Box 18300, Greensboro, NC 27419.<br />

IMPORTANT: Always read and follow label instructions before buying or using these products.<br />

Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. warrants that its products conform to the chemical description set forth on the products' labels.<br />

NO OTHER WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND OF FITNESS FOR<br />

A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, SHALL APPLY TO SYNGENTA PRODUCTS. Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. neither assumes nor authorizes<br />

any representative or other person to assume for it any obligation or liability other than such as is expressly set forth herein.<br />

UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION, INC. BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES<br />

RESULTING FROM THE USE OR HANDLING OF ITS PRODUCTS. No statements or recommendations contained herein are to be<br />

construed as inducements to infringe any relevant patent now or hereafter in existence.<br />

Actigard ® , Bravo Ultrex ® , Bravo Weather Stik ® , FarmAssist.com ® , FarMore ® , Making Superior Vegetables a Reality TM , Plant<br />

Performance TM , Quadris ® , Quadris Opti ® , Quadris X-Factor TM , Revus Top TM , Ridomil Gold ® , Ridomil Gold ® Bravo ® SC, Ridomil Gold ® GR,<br />

Ridomil Gold ® MZ WG, Ridomil Gold ® SL, ROGERS ® , Weather Stik ® and the Syngenta logo are trademarks of a Syngenta Group<br />

Company. Sencor ® is a trademark of Bayer CropScience.<br />

Revus Top is not currently registered in all states. Please check with your state or local extension service before buying or using<br />

this product. FarMore Technology is a seed company- or seed technology provider-applied promotional combination of<br />

separately registered seed enhancement products.<br />

GS 408.60211 (02/09)<br />

SCP 699-00021-D

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