06.09.2015 Views

The Exchange

The Exchange - APEP

The Exchange - APEP

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS
  • No tags were found...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

In this issue<br />

Housing for seniors:<br />

food for thought<br />

s u m m e r / a u t u m n 2 0 0 7<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong><br />

Bigger, higher, faster:<br />

mega events in China<br />

Bijschrift<br />

Retail banking:<br />

changes ahead<br />

Nanotechnology:<br />

hype or revolution?


A word from the Managing Directors<br />

Lia Rosenbrand and Elaine Springford<br />

We extend a warm welcome to three<br />

new Members: 3TU (the federation of<br />

the technological universities of Delft,<br />

Eindhoven and Twente), KLM Cargo and<br />

Rabobank. Not only have they decided to<br />

become a Member of APEP, all three have<br />

immediately turned their membership to<br />

use and asked us to arrange tailor-made<br />

programs for them.<br />

<strong>The</strong> first six months of 2007 were filled<br />

with programs of a tremendous thematical<br />

variety: from education to senior living and<br />

healthcare, from nanotechnology to city<br />

planning and infrastructure, from retail<br />

banking to the role of business in society.<br />

<strong>The</strong> latter was the subject of a dinner<br />

lecture by Antony Burgmans, hosted by<br />

(APEP Member organization) Proudfoot<br />

Consulting.<br />

A program on Housing and Healthcare for<br />

the Elderly, last April in the US, was led<br />

by Menzis chairman and former Dutch<br />

Minister for Urban Policy and Integration<br />

of Ethnic Minorities, Roger van Boxtel. We<br />

organized the trip in cooperation with the<br />

Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten and Twynstra<br />

Gudde, both APEP Members. On the<br />

following pages, Mr. Van Boxtel looks back<br />

at what he found to be an inspiring trip.<br />

In that same month of April, a group of<br />

representatives of the Senate, the Ministry<br />

of Health, Welfare and Sports, the Rathenau<br />

Institute, the Food and Consumer Product<br />

Safety Authority and the National Institute<br />

for Public Health and the Environment<br />

(RIVM), traveled to the US for a closer look<br />

at the use of nanotechnology in food and<br />

pharmaceuticals. Participant Rogier Bos,<br />

head of the Centre for Biological Medicines<br />

and Medical Technology of RIVM, shares<br />

his observations on pages 10-11.<br />

On pages 8-9, Rabobank Arnhem director<br />

René Jansen explains how a study visit to<br />

fellow bank managers in London has helped<br />

him and his colleagues in their efforts to<br />

prepare for changes in the Dutch retail<br />

banking sector.<br />

China was the destination in June of a<br />

delegation led by Bouwend Nederland vicepresident<br />

and APEP board member Ton<br />

Nelissen. In a program that looked at city<br />

planning and infrastructure, the main focus<br />

was on preparations for the 2008 Beijing<br />

Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai World<br />

Expo. Arjan Hoefnagels, project manager<br />

Area Development and Environment for<br />

the Port of Rotterdam, writes about this<br />

fascinating program on pages 5 to 7.<br />

Shortly after the visit to China, we were<br />

extremely pleased to be able to welcome to<br />

the Netherlands the latest recipient of an<br />

APEP Scholarship, Xia Junhua, a young<br />

Chinese woman who works for our Chinese<br />

partner organization CPAFFC (the Chinese<br />

People’s Association for Friendship with<br />

Foreign Countries). During her intensive<br />

two-week program, which included a visit to<br />

Brussels, Junhua was given an in-depth look<br />

at Dutch and EU politics and economics.<br />

In Brussels, she met with representatives of<br />

the Association of European Journalists, the<br />

European Economic and Social Committee<br />

and the Council of the European Union,<br />

and attended a keynote speech by Hans-<br />

Gert Pöttering, president of the European<br />

Parliament. In the Netherlands, her<br />

agenda included ING Bank, the Province<br />

of Groningen, the ministries of General<br />

Affairs and the Interior, public-sector bank<br />

BNG, the Association of Netherlands<br />

Municipalities, and the Friendship<br />

Association Netherlands-China.<br />

<strong>The</strong> second half of this year will be at least<br />

as interesting, with programs planned in<br />

the Netherlands, the UK, Germany, Italy,<br />

Canada, the United States and Brussels.<br />

Most of these programs are tailor-made<br />

programs for our (current and new) Member<br />

organizations. We are happy that more and<br />

more APEP Members are putting their<br />

membership to use by benefiting from our<br />

signature tailor-made services, and we gladly<br />

invite our Members to let us know what their<br />

plans, ideas and wishes are for next year!<br />

Welcome to our<br />

new Members:<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program


New impulses and much food for thought<br />

Roger van Boxtel is chairman of the Board of the Menzis health insurance<br />

company. He was delegation leader during the study trip ‘Housing for seniors:<br />

care or service?’ that was organized by APEP upon an initiative of its Member<br />

organization Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten.<br />

Roger van Boxtel with 102-year old Blossom Williams at the Sterling Glen senior housing complex in Philadelphia.<br />

From April 9th to 14th, a group of managers<br />

and professionals from the world of housing,<br />

care and welfare for the elderly participated<br />

in a study trip to Washington and<br />

Philadelphia. Like the Netherlands, the US<br />

is struggling with the challenges presented<br />

by an aging population. By 2020, one-sixth<br />

of the population will be 65 or older, a third<br />

of which will have housing needs and onefifth<br />

service needs that may not be addressed<br />

adequately by current government initiatives<br />

(source: Seniors Housing Commission report<br />

2002). <strong>The</strong> aging of America will have<br />

profound effects on the economy and society.<br />

Our visit took place amid shocked responses<br />

to journalist Christopher Buckley’s justpublished<br />

novel Boomsday. Horrified by the<br />

prospect of having to foot the baby boom<br />

generation’s ballooning Social Security bill,<br />

Buckley’s protagonist proposes to incentivize<br />

suicide for Americans approaching the age of<br />

70. An absurd idea, of course, but perhaps<br />

one that aptly symbolizes the magnitude<br />

of the problems to be tackled in an aging<br />

society.<br />

Another issue in the US is the vast number<br />

of uninsured people: no less than 40<br />

million (15%). <strong>The</strong> health care system is<br />

fundamentally different from that of the<br />

Netherlands. It lacks universal care, and<br />

instead offers two programs: Medicare for<br />

seniors, and Medicaid for the poor. Outside<br />

of these two programs, Americans have the<br />

option of purchasing private insurance or<br />

care from their own means. We had a firsthand<br />

glance of the gap between rich and<br />

poor that is so characteristic of the US at<br />

some of the institutions we visited. In the<br />

general nursing homes, facilities are bare and<br />

minimal. We also saw assisted-living facilities<br />

for veterans and active-living projects that<br />

provide the elderly with every luxury and<br />

allow them to live out their lives in secluded<br />

locations walled off from the outside world.<br />

People with less money are decidedly worse<br />

off in the US, although projects financed<br />

by trust funds offer some relief to the most<br />

needy elderly.<br />

We visited a respectable number of<br />

institutions in a short space of time. A<br />

few meetings stood out. One memorable<br />

encounter took place at the Armed Forces<br />

Retirement Home in Washington, which<br />

houses 1100 veterans. True soldiers, proud<br />

people. In one of the dining halls, we spoke<br />

with a group of women who, as it turned<br />

out, had lost their homes in Hurricane<br />

Katrina, and who had in fact been hoping<br />

that we were a delegation from New Orleans.<br />

We were amazed at how far from home they<br />

had been sheltered and how long they were<br />

kept waiting. Another meeting that left an<br />

impression was with a wonderful woman<br />

named Blossom in the Sterling Glen senior<br />

apartment complex. Blossom was a hundred<br />

and two. As I offered to get her some<br />

coffee, she asked in response “Aren’t there<br />

any cocktails?” When told there weren’t,<br />

she replied, “<strong>The</strong>n I don’t want anything.”<br />

Finally, the visit to the Center for Aging<br />

Services Technologies was of particular<br />

interest to me. <strong>The</strong> Center works on new<br />

technologies that help people live at home<br />

longer, a very important development that<br />

we should also be devoting major efforts<br />

towards in the Netherlands.<br />

During the trip, as well as afterwards, the<br />

delegation members actively exchanged best<br />

practices with each other. We had frequent<br />

discussions about how to keep care in the<br />

Netherlands accessible and affordable. On<br />

this issue in particular, the trip definitely<br />

proved inspiring. In the US, care is seen as ><br />

Delegation member Pim Vermeulen (BNG) with a<br />

resident of the Armed Forces Retirement Home.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program


Participants at Senator Hillary Clinton’s office during a meeting with one of her staffers.<br />

an industry that as a major employer allows<br />

many people to earn a living and that, like<br />

other industries, wants to make a profit. It is<br />

also transparent: what services cost is clear.<br />

People with a higher income appear to have<br />

more choices, but having said that: across<br />

the board the quality and accessibility of care<br />

in the US do not appear to be better than<br />

in the Netherlands. On the contrary, the<br />

AARP’s comparative study places care in the<br />

Netherlands among the best in the world.<br />

<strong>The</strong> delegation members agree that we must<br />

retain that quality, and that we can take pride<br />

in the solidarity that underlies our health care<br />

system. This, too, we need to preserve. At<br />

the same time, it is an inescapable fact that<br />

people will have to start bearing more of their<br />

own costs. We should also try to increase our<br />

focus on self-management and the use of new<br />

technologies, so that people can keep living<br />

at home as long as possible. As they say in<br />

America – home is where the health is.<br />

It is clear that the aging of the population<br />

poses major challenges for the US and the<br />

Netherlands alike. This trip has provided<br />

new impulses and much food for thought.<br />

I conclude with a tip of the hat to the<br />

organizer, Lia Rosenbrand of the Atlantic<br />

& Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program, who has put<br />

together a truly fantastic study trip.<br />

Interior of a home at seniors community <strong>The</strong> Reserve at Gwynedd.<br />

(With thanks to Hugo van den Beld.)<br />

Organizations that participated in the study trip Housing for Seniors:<br />

Care or Service? to Washington, DC and Philadelphia:<br />

• Twynstra Gudde – consultancy and<br />

interim management<br />

• BNG – public sector bank<br />

• Aedes – association of housing corporations<br />

• Housing corporations: Mitros; Portaal;<br />

Trudo; Vitalis; Woonzorg Nederland;<br />

Ymere<br />

• Care providers: Laak & Eemhoven;<br />

Laurens; Philadelphia Care; Carint<br />

Reggeland<br />

• Menzis – health insurer<br />

• WSW – social housing guarantee fund<br />

• Government: Ministry of Housing,<br />

Spatial Planning and the Environment;<br />

Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport;<br />

Health Care Inspectorate; Central<br />

Housing Fund<br />

Hosts/discussion partners<br />

in the USA:<br />

• Senior living communities: Armed<br />

Forces Retirement Home; Mill<br />

Run; <strong>The</strong> Reserve at Gwynedd; <strong>The</strong><br />

Washington Home<br />

• Senior living services providers:<br />

Brookdale Senior Living; Del Webb;<br />

Emeritus Assisted Living; Five Star<br />

Senior Living; Sunrise Senior Living<br />

• Interest groups: American Association<br />

of Homes and Services for the Aging<br />

(AAHSA); American Association of<br />

Retired Persons (AARP); Assisted<br />

Living Federation of America (ALFA);<br />

International Association of Homes and<br />

Services for the Aging (IAHSA)<br />

• Research centers: Center for Aging<br />

Services Technologies (CAST); Institute<br />

for the Future of Aging Services (IFAS)<br />

• Independence Blue Cross – health<br />

insurer<br />

• Government: U.S. Department of<br />

Health and Human Services; U.S.<br />

Senate Special Committee on Aging<br />

• Royal Netherlands Embassy<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program


with short decision lines and no real<br />

opposition, is clearly that the country has<br />

an enormous ability to take decisive action<br />

– something that is almost indispensable<br />

if you want to get something done in a<br />

short period of time in cities of gigantic<br />

proportions such as Beijing. By the way:<br />

the Chinese, too, are subject to obligations<br />

such as Environmental Impact reports<br />

and numerous permit applications. <strong>The</strong><br />

difference with the Netherlands, however, is<br />

that compliance with the rules is extremely<br />

poor due to widespread corruption. This is<br />

one of the main reasons for the country’s<br />

gigantic environmental troubles.<br />

Top real estate executive Cor van Zadelhoff with a welcoming committee at BOCOG.<br />

<strong>The</strong> next day we flew to Shanghai, 1100<br />

kilometres to the south and with 20 million<br />

people even bigger than Beijing. <strong>The</strong> city<br />

center has a rather western look, with much<br />

highrise (in the Pudong business district<br />

skyscrapers of 400 to 500 metres high are<br />

being erected). In planning new motorways,<br />

Shanghai has opted for a different solution<br />

than Beijing by building a new road of 2x3<br />

lanes above the existing highway. Traffic on<br />

the elevated road races past the adjoining<br />

buildings at close distance.<br />

activity. Measures are also taken to battle<br />

the city’s severe air pollution. To reduce<br />

smog levels during the Games drastic action<br />

is taken, including a full construction ban<br />

that is to take effect six months before the<br />

start of the Games (which has the added<br />

advantage of making it possible to evict<br />

all cranes from the city in one swoop),<br />

compulsory vacations outside the city for<br />

sizeable sections of the population and<br />

large-scale limitations on car traffic. By<br />

simultaneously promoting more permanent<br />

measures, such as the usage of other fuels<br />

than charcoal for heating homes, the<br />

authorities hope that also after the Olympics<br />

the city will benefit from cleaner air.<br />

Although it had been agreed that we would<br />

visit the sites where the Olympic stadiums<br />

are being constructed, BOCOG now told<br />

us that no time was left for such a visit. We<br />

were permitted to take a look in a beautiful<br />

exhibition room in the proximity of the<br />

construction sites where magnificent models<br />

of the stadiums and of the entire Olympic<br />

area were on display. <strong>The</strong> ‘bird’s nest’,<br />

the national stadium under construction,<br />

we could unfortunately only see from a<br />

distance, from behind a large fence. Thus<br />

the Chinese keep close control over what<br />

is seen by the outside world, making it<br />

impossible for visitors to get a clear picture<br />

of, for example, labour conditions on the<br />

construction sites.<br />

Tuesday’s agenda featured visits to the<br />

Beijing Urban Planning Bureau, the Jiangsu<br />

Jiangdu construction and engineering<br />

company, and the Beijing Planning<br />

Exhibition Hall which houses a giant<br />

model of all of Beijing. It was explained<br />

how the city manages a population of<br />

16 million with some three million cars.<br />

Every day, 1500 new cars join the roads;<br />

620 bus routes and 200 kilometres of<br />

subway lines help to keep the city moving.<br />

We learned that the realization of large<br />

infrastructure projects, from the planning<br />

stages to the actual construction, takes<br />

just a couple of years. That one phase in<br />

such projects involves “resettlement of the<br />

people” was mentioned in passing, as if<br />

there were nothing unusual about evicting<br />

thousands of people from their houses to<br />

make space for government projects. One<br />

advantage of China’s system of government,<br />

On Thursday we visited the Expo 2010<br />

offices. Almost in the heart of the city an<br />

area of six square kilometres on the banks of<br />

the Huangpu river is being prepared for the<br />

Expo. Here, too, tens of thousands of people<br />

and over 200 businesses have to make space<br />

for the construction. It is expected that<br />

some 70 million people will visit the Expo,<br />

with peeks of up to 800,000 per day. <strong>The</strong><br />

biggest challenge is transportation to and<br />

from the Expo. Two new subway lines are<br />

under construction and an extension of the<br />

Maglev high-speed railway will connect the<br />

Expo with the national airport. <strong>The</strong> two<br />

river banks housing the Expo area will be<br />

connected by a new tunnel. At the end of<br />

our visit, we were impressed by what we had<br />

heard and seen – the organizers seem to be<br />

doing a truly great job. Which is no luxury,<br />

considering that the Expo will open in less<br />

than three years time while the work has<br />

only just started.<br />

<strong>The</strong> afternoon program takes us to Siemens,<br />

one of the World Expo’s main sponsors<br />

and the builders of the high-speed train<br />

that on the last day will take us to the<br />

airport in just seven minutes, at a speed<br />

of 431 kilometres per hour. Impressive<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program


constructions of a different kind are the new<br />

deep-sea container terminal of Yangshan,<br />

which we visited on the Friday, and the 32-<br />

kilometre long bridge by which it can be<br />

reached. Ten kilometres of quay-wall have<br />

already been built (comparable in size to the<br />

entire Maasvlakte-2 extension project in the<br />

Port of Rotterdam), with expansion in the<br />

coming years still possible up to a total of<br />

approximately 30 kilometres. <strong>The</strong> terminal<br />

has been constructed by, put simply, filling<br />

stretches of sea between the islands of an<br />

archipelago with sand while building a<br />

quay-wall in front of it. A major advantage<br />

of building this far off the coast is that the<br />

terminal is not hindered by large quantities<br />

of sludge at the mouth of the Yangtze river,<br />

resulting in considerable cost savings as<br />

extensive dredging is rendered superfluous.<br />

Additional visits to the Shanghai stock<br />

exchange and the Bank of Communications<br />

wrapped up this highly useful trip to China.<br />

After a week spent as a member of an<br />

interesting and diverse group, I return with<br />

a good impression of how China deals with<br />

this type of mega events and the problems<br />

that come with them.<br />

Participants Jos Reijers (Li.Re Holding), Arjan Hoefnagels (Port of Rotterdam) and Nico de Vries (BAM Group)<br />

enjoying a Chinese lunch.<br />

<br />

Proudfoot-APEP <strong>The</strong>me Dinner<br />

Continuing a successful tradition that began in the mid-1990s,<br />

Proudfoot Consulting and APEP on June 28 jointly hosted<br />

a dinner for leading business executives. Guest speaker at<br />

this event in De Oude Raadzaal in <strong>The</strong> Hague was departing<br />

Unilever Chairman Antony Burgmans (photo).<br />

Mr. Burgmans (photo), who was recently appointed as a member<br />

of the Executive Committee of the World Business Council for<br />

Sustainable Development, addressed the distinguished guests on<br />

<strong>The</strong> role of Business in Society.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program


Learning from<br />

Rabobank managers acquaint<br />

by: René Jansen, Director, Rabobank Arnhem<br />

<strong>The</strong> banking sector in the Netherlands is finding<br />

itself in a rapidly changing environment. <strong>The</strong><br />

retail banking market in particular is seeing the<br />

appearance of new players, such as supermarkets<br />

offering simple financial products. With their<br />

extensive retail experience they know better than<br />

anyone how to seduce the customers in their<br />

shops into buying.<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong><br />

Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program


peers across the Channel<br />

themselves with retail banking in the UK<br />

As electronic banking is becoming<br />

widespread, the number of visitors to bank<br />

offices has decreased drastically. Banks<br />

are looking for other ways of establishing<br />

contact with existing and prospective<br />

customers.<br />

Rabobank, as the countrly’s largest retail<br />

bank, does not only want to prepare<br />

itself for these and other developments,<br />

it is constantly looking for innovative<br />

approaches to anticipate trends and further<br />

increase its market share. In order to<br />

deepen our knowledge of international<br />

developments in retail banking, a group of<br />

local Rabobank managers decided recently<br />

to visit fellow branch managers of banks<br />

in London. <strong>The</strong> expectation was that we<br />

would be able to learn much from our<br />

British peers.<br />

<strong>The</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program<br />

was asked to organize the trip. <strong>The</strong><br />

result was outstanding. In just two days,<br />

we were received by over half a dozen<br />

discussion partners who in very candid<br />

ways introduced us to their respective<br />

approaches to retail banking. APEP had<br />

put together a tightly-knit agenda for us.<br />

From our hotel in Kensington we were<br />

driven around in a comfortable bus to the<br />

various companies and institutions.<br />

<strong>The</strong> program offered a mixture of visits to<br />

traditional actors – HSBC, Barclays Bank –<br />

and new players – Sainsbury’s, John Lewis.<br />

To acquaint ourselves with the broader<br />

developments in the UK’s financial sector,<br />

a visit had been scheduled to the British<br />

Bankers’ Association. Also included was a<br />

visit to the Bluewater Shopping Centre – a<br />

must for anyone interested in retail. And,<br />

of course, we dropped by our colleagues of<br />

Rabobank International’s London branch.<br />

Among the traditional banks, HSBC stands<br />

out with a number of very innovative<br />

activities. It is successful at customer<br />

segmentation and, subsequently, at<br />

approaching selected customer groups with<br />

propositions that are perceived as ‘relevant’<br />

by the customers. Impressive is how this<br />

policy is reflected in the way the interiors<br />

of the banks’ offices are laid out. HSBC<br />

seems to have succeeded in increasing the<br />

profitability of retail banking. Customers<br />

are showing a willingness to pay – fees, not<br />

penalties – for services and products that<br />

meet real needs. This is something that we<br />

at Rabobank can learn from.<br />

Noteworthy is that payment traffic in the<br />

UK is much less developed than in the<br />

Netherlands. Cash is still used widely,<br />

whereas in the Netherlands cash has almost<br />

disappeared from the banking system.<br />

In the ‘new players’ category we had<br />

wanted to pay a visit to the successful<br />

Tesco retail chain. Unfortunately, this<br />

was not possible. In retrospect, the<br />

alternative that was offered to us, a visit<br />

to Sainsbury’s Bank, appears at least as<br />

attractive. Sainsbury’s has experienced a<br />

difficult period, the lessons from which<br />

were discussed in a frank and open manner<br />

by the bank’s management – and it was<br />

precisely this that turned our visit to the<br />

company into a great learning opportunity,<br />

revealing to us the do’s and don’ts of retail<br />

banking via the supermarket.<br />

<strong>The</strong> visit to the British Bankers’<br />

Association provided a good overview of<br />

the history of British banks and of the<br />

banks’ expectations for the future.<br />

“Bluewater... the most exciting retail and<br />

leisure destination in Europe”, I read at<br />

the Bluewater Shopping Centre’s web site<br />

prior to our visit. <strong>The</strong>re isn’t a word of<br />

exaggeration in that slogan! <strong>The</strong> centre<br />

boasts no fewer than 324 retail and<br />

catering units, 155,000 square meters of<br />

lettable floor space, 13,000 parking lots<br />

and 27,000,000 visitors a year. In line<br />

with the trip’s perfect organization, the<br />

visit to Bluewater was timed to offer a<br />

welcome break in our intensive series of<br />

meetings.<br />

All participants have written down their<br />

impressions in reports that will be shared<br />

with the marketing and distribution<br />

managers at Rabobank headquarters. All<br />

in all, it has been a very educational trip<br />

that has met our expectations. <strong>The</strong>re is no<br />

doubt that the British, and in particular<br />

the British supermarkets that sell financial<br />

services, are ahead of developments in the<br />

Netherlands. At the same time, we felt<br />

that on certain aspects the retail arms of<br />

traditional British banks can also learn from<br />

us. A good reason for APEP to organize a<br />

recipocral visit!?<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program


Nanotechn<br />

by: Rogier Bos, Head of the Centre for Biological Medicines<br />

Exterior....<br />

... and interior...<br />

... of the Keck Center of the National Academy of Sciences<br />

Last April, while the Netherlands<br />

enjoyed the early arrival of summer,<br />

representatives of various Dutch<br />

organizations – including the Senate,<br />

the Ministry of Health, Welfare and<br />

Sport, InHolland University, the<br />

Rathenau Institute, the Food and<br />

Consumer Product Safety Authority,<br />

and the National Institute for<br />

Public Health and the Environment<br />

(RIVM) – embarked on a study trip<br />

to the United States that focused<br />

on the use of nanotechnology in<br />

food and pharmaceuticals. My<br />

personal objective for the trip was<br />

to find an answer to the question:<br />

is nanotechnology a hype, or a<br />

revolution? My conclusion: it is a bit<br />

of both; mostly, it is something in<br />

between.<br />

<strong>The</strong> well-organized trip took the delegation<br />

to a large number of US government<br />

organizations (federal departments and<br />

agencies) and knowledge institutions<br />

(universities, NGOs) in and around the<br />

capital, Washington DC. To name a few: the<br />

Woodrow Wilson institute, the Food and<br />

Drug Administration, the Environmental<br />

Protection Agency, the University of<br />

Maryland, the National Academy of<br />

Sciences, the US Department of Agriculture.<br />

<strong>The</strong> delegation exchanged information with<br />

these organizations on policy and regulations,<br />

opportunities and threats, trends and<br />

developments in the field of nanotechnology.<br />

In general, the views of our discussion<br />

partners largely converged. Many emphasized<br />

the importance of international cooperation,<br />

with the OECD seen as a suitable platform.<br />

Both in the US and in Europe much debate<br />

is taking place about the exact definition<br />

of ‘nanotechnology’ or ‘nano particles’. It<br />

was pointed out during our meetings that<br />

many products or applications – especially<br />

IT applications and medical products<br />

– that are now given a ‘nano’ label are,<br />

in fact, not much more than refined<br />

derivatives of existing knowledge (if the<br />

‘nano’-claim is at all appropriate). <strong>The</strong>re is<br />

an enormous diversity of nanotechnology<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong><br />

Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program 10


ology: hype or revolution?<br />

and Medical Technology, RIVM<br />

applications in industrial processes, from<br />

information technology, water cleaning and<br />

energy generation and storage to food and<br />

household products, packaging, cosmetics,<br />

and medical products.<br />

Nano particles are not new: the human<br />

environment has long since been exposed<br />

to nano particles, of biological and<br />

organic origin (natural nano particles),<br />

from industrial sources (incidental), and<br />

more recently from specific production<br />

processes (engineered). It is mostly the latter<br />

category that gets a lot of attention, and<br />

for good reason – direct contact between<br />

engineered nano particles and human<br />

beings in particular needs careful scrutiny.<br />

Often in public discourse, when the word<br />

nanotechnology is used it would in fact<br />

be more appropriate and more precise to<br />

speak of (the application and the risks of)<br />

engineered nano particles. <strong>The</strong> general<br />

picture that emerged from our discussions in<br />

the US is that while sufficient attention (and<br />

money) is devoted to product and technology<br />

development, more room is needed for<br />

risk research and risk assessment and for<br />

risk communication. A well-informed<br />

government and public will be more capable<br />

of forming a just and balanced opinion<br />

on whether or not nanotechnological<br />

developments are desirable.<br />

As a final and personal observation, a few<br />

words about the cultural differences between<br />

the US and the EU. <strong>The</strong> US appears more<br />

innovation driven; new technologies are<br />

more easily accepted and absorped – virtues<br />

that have made the country big in the<br />

past 250 years, that are so characteristic<br />

of the ‘American Way’. <strong>The</strong> EU is more<br />

apprehensive, putting precautionary<br />

principles first and adopting a much<br />

more risk-adverse approach towards new<br />

technologies. <strong>The</strong>se distinctions are reflected<br />

to a large extent in the attitudes of authorities<br />

and public on opposite sides of the ocean.<br />

Returning to my original question:<br />

nanotechnology is a bit of a hype, and a<br />

bit of a revolution as well. Some great new<br />

developments are taking place, but there is<br />

also a tendency among manufacturers, the<br />

general public and even among regulators to<br />

hype certain aspects of wider developments.<br />

In part out of self-interest (sales), in part<br />

due to ignorance. With regard to the latter,<br />

the remedy is known: more research must<br />

be done, and more information must be<br />

disseminated.<br />

What did others think?<br />

Veronica van Nederveen (senior<br />

policymaker, Ministry of Health), who found<br />

the study trip “inspiring, very informative<br />

and excellently organized by APEP”:<br />

“<strong>The</strong> new technological<br />

opportunities carry toxicological risks. It is<br />

necessary to communicate with the public<br />

about these risks. Not doing so will hinder<br />

progress. Public awareness must be raised: at<br />

present, some 80 percent of Americans do<br />

not know what ‘nano’ means, let alone what<br />

the toxicological risks are. America’s claim<br />

culture makes producers vulnerable.<br />

It is important for the next<br />

generations that information about the use of<br />

nanotechnology is gathered now. However,<br />

nano particles are so small and therefore so<br />

hard to identify, that this can only be done<br />

with the help of scientific research. A broadly<br />

shared complaint among our discussion<br />

partners was that far too little money is<br />

available for this purpose. <strong>The</strong> US cancer<br />

institute managed to attract some attention<br />

for nano applications, and as a result, it now<br />

has some more money available for research<br />

and information campaigns. Scientists will<br />

have to involve more parties in their research<br />

activities, not least politicians and consumers.<br />

Lacking so far, however, are overview and<br />

vision with regard to nanotechnology and its<br />

applications.<br />

On several occasions the OECD<br />

was praised for its efforts to achieve better<br />

overview. Contacts with Europe are highly<br />

valued; the Americans would prefer close<br />

cooperation. <strong>The</strong>re is consensus among our<br />

discussion partners that existing regulation<br />

suffices, at least for now – especially as<br />

long as there is no clear definition of what<br />

constitutes a nano particle.”<br />

Dirk van Aken, scientific risk assessment<br />

officer of the Food and Consumer Product<br />

Safety Agency (VWA), was struck by<br />

the omnipresent willingness on the part<br />

of the group’s American hosts to share<br />

information, as well as to listen to the<br />

views and hear about the developments in<br />

the Netherlands and the EU. “Prevailing<br />

in the US are a positive attitude towards<br />

innovation, confidence in the private sector<br />

and regulatory restraint – at least as long as<br />

there are no incidents that cause major public<br />

concern. <strong>The</strong> overall motto is ‘responsible<br />

development’, which would be equally fitting<br />

to the approach recommended by the Health<br />

Council and adopted by the government in<br />

the Netherlands. (...)<br />

Thoughts about the need for a<br />

broad social discussion were rather diverse<br />

– some organizations are not wasting any<br />

energy on the subject, others consider it<br />

important and have good ideas in this<br />

direction.”<br />

Also Wim de Jong (senior scientist, RIVM)<br />

found the openness of the American<br />

discussion partners remarkable. “All in all,<br />

it was a very good study trip that has given<br />

the participants insight into the way the<br />

American authorities currently think about<br />

nanotechnology. One clear conclusion is that<br />

Europe is not lagging behind the US in this<br />

field.”<br />

11 11 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program


APEP Agenda<br />

Update: August 2007<br />

This agenda features only a selection of APEP programs. APEP continuously develops<br />

new programs: tailor-made study trips (exclusively for APEP Members) as well as<br />

thematic programs (on an invitation basis). Interested in what else is being planned?<br />

Questions about our activities? We welcome your suggestions and inquiries! Please find<br />

our contact details below.<br />

September 29 -<br />

October 2<br />

October 3 - 6<br />

October 9 - 12<br />

November 3 - 9<br />

November 4 - 9<br />

November 11 - 15<br />

November 21 - 23<br />

November 28 -<br />

December 1<br />

IPO Rural Area program in the UK<br />

This study visit, organized for interprovincial platform IPO (an APEP<br />

Member), will focus on the protection and maintenance of nature and<br />

landscapes in the United Kingdom: what action is taken, how is it funded,<br />

and what role do governments and other stakeholders play?<br />

Twynstra Gudde Public Policy program in Berlin<br />

Program in the German capital aimed at exchanging knowledge with and<br />

learning from public policy practitioners involved in urban regeneration,<br />

integration and education. Organized at the request of Twynstra Gudde<br />

(APEP Member) for a group of ambitious and talented public policy advisors.<br />

IPO Spatial Planning delegation to Italy<br />

Travelling to urban areas in northern Italy that are confronting many of<br />

the same challenges that are faced by Dutch cities and regions, executive<br />

councillors and advisors of the Dutch provinces will look at the approaches<br />

taken by decentral authorities in the Veneto region on issues of urban<br />

planning, housing and integration.<br />

Inside Washington 2007<br />

Mid- to senior-level managers from the private and the public sector are<br />

offered an inside look at ‘how Washington works’: how do the various<br />

branches of government function and interact, how are decisions made,<br />

what is the influence of lobbyists and media in the US capital?<br />

NHG Master Class UK<br />

Following successful Master Classes in Scandinavia and the USA in previous<br />

years, this NHG Master Class will familiarize participants with the mortgage<br />

and housing markets in the United Kingdom. Arranged for our Member<br />

organization Homeownership Guarantee Fund (NHG).<br />

Climate Change & Energy Innovation –<br />

US delegation to the Netherlands<br />

Arranged at the request of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (APEP Member)<br />

and involving several other ministries, this program will introduce some of<br />

the Netherlands’ most innovative climate change related technologies to a<br />

delegation of experts and opinion makers from the USA.<br />

Municipal Finance Delegation to Brussels<br />

Organized for public-sector bank BNG (APEP Member) and senior finance<br />

managers of large municipalities, this program will give participants an<br />

understanding of EU institutions and decision-making, lobbying opportunities<br />

and current developments related to local government finance.<br />

New Media delegation to London<br />

A delegation of the Government Information Service will look at how the<br />

recent restructuring and harmonization of the UK government’s digital<br />

communications infrastructure has turned out, in order to learn from its<br />

successes and mistakes.<br />

Coming up...<br />

25th Anniversary APEP<br />

In June 2008,<br />

APEP will<br />

celebrate its 25th<br />

anniversary. A<br />

quarter century<br />

will then have<br />

passed since we<br />

took our first<br />

participant to<br />

the US for an<br />

Pioneer participant Rein Jan intensive threeweek<br />

program,<br />

Hoekstra at APEP’s 20th<br />

anniversary dinner in 2003. in June of 1983.<br />

That participant<br />

was a young,<br />

up-and-coming government executive by the<br />

name of Rein Jan Hoekstra who is now,<br />

25 years on, a member of the Raad van State<br />

(Netherlands Council of State). A quarter<br />

century in which countless influential<br />

and talented people have been given the<br />

opportunity to exchange knowledge, views<br />

and ideas across the Atlantic and Pacific<br />

oceans, across national borders, across<br />

sectoral, cultural and hierarchical divides.<br />

We will not let this anniversary go<br />

unnoticed. In addition to a celebration event,<br />

we also plan to organize one or more special<br />

trips, including one centered around the<br />

question “what will the US look like<br />

25 years from now?” Topics such as the<br />

future of transatlantic relations and the<br />

position of the US in the world economy<br />

in 25 years time will be addressed by<br />

futurologists, think-tank fellows, pollsters<br />

who have researched Americans’ expectations<br />

of the future, and college students (what do<br />

they expect the US to look like when their<br />

generation takes the reigns?), among others.<br />

Of course, 2008 will also bring us another<br />

Presidential Election Week (for APEP<br />

Members only). Hopefully, this time<br />

participants can leave the US actually<br />

knowing who has been elected President...<br />

We will keep you informed about our<br />

Anniversary and other programs in <strong>The</strong><br />

<strong>Exchange</strong> and on our web site, www.apep.nl.<br />

www.apep.nl<br />

Rotterdam<br />

Washington, DC<br />

Eendrachtsweg 21, 3012 LB Rotterdam, <strong>The</strong> Netherlands<br />

tel.: +31 (0)10 - 411 45 88, fax: +31 (0)10 - 413 25 43, e-mail: exchange@apep.nl<br />

1250 24th Street, NW, Suite 350, Washington, DC 20037-1124, USA<br />

tel.: +1 - 202 - 466 05 29, fax: +1 - 202 - 466 30 79, e-mail: mail@apepusa.org<br />

Colophon<br />

<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> is a publication of the Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program Editor Robin Doeswijk, APEP Rotterdam<br />

Design and print PanArt creatie en communicatie, Rhoon

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!