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In this issue<br />
Housing for seniors:<br />
food for thought<br />
s u m m e r / a u t u m n 2 0 0 7<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong><br />
Bigger, higher, faster:<br />
mega events in China<br />
Bijschrift<br />
Retail banking:<br />
changes ahead<br />
Nanotechnology:<br />
hype or revolution?
A word from the Managing Directors<br />
Lia Rosenbrand and Elaine Springford<br />
We extend a warm welcome to three<br />
new Members: 3TU (the federation of<br />
the technological universities of Delft,<br />
Eindhoven and Twente), KLM Cargo and<br />
Rabobank. Not only have they decided to<br />
become a Member of APEP, all three have<br />
immediately turned their membership to<br />
use and asked us to arrange tailor-made<br />
programs for them.<br />
<strong>The</strong> first six months of 2007 were filled<br />
with programs of a tremendous thematical<br />
variety: from education to senior living and<br />
healthcare, from nanotechnology to city<br />
planning and infrastructure, from retail<br />
banking to the role of business in society.<br />
<strong>The</strong> latter was the subject of a dinner<br />
lecture by Antony Burgmans, hosted by<br />
(APEP Member organization) Proudfoot<br />
Consulting.<br />
A program on Housing and Healthcare for<br />
the Elderly, last April in the US, was led<br />
by Menzis chairman and former Dutch<br />
Minister for Urban Policy and Integration<br />
of Ethnic Minorities, Roger van Boxtel. We<br />
organized the trip in cooperation with the<br />
Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten and Twynstra<br />
Gudde, both APEP Members. On the<br />
following pages, Mr. Van Boxtel looks back<br />
at what he found to be an inspiring trip.<br />
In that same month of April, a group of<br />
representatives of the Senate, the Ministry<br />
of Health, Welfare and Sports, the Rathenau<br />
Institute, the Food and Consumer Product<br />
Safety Authority and the National Institute<br />
for Public Health and the Environment<br />
(RIVM), traveled to the US for a closer look<br />
at the use of nanotechnology in food and<br />
pharmaceuticals. Participant Rogier Bos,<br />
head of the Centre for Biological Medicines<br />
and Medical Technology of RIVM, shares<br />
his observations on pages 10-11.<br />
On pages 8-9, Rabobank Arnhem director<br />
René Jansen explains how a study visit to<br />
fellow bank managers in London has helped<br />
him and his colleagues in their efforts to<br />
prepare for changes in the Dutch retail<br />
banking sector.<br />
China was the destination in June of a<br />
delegation led by Bouwend Nederland vicepresident<br />
and APEP board member Ton<br />
Nelissen. In a program that looked at city<br />
planning and infrastructure, the main focus<br />
was on preparations for the 2008 Beijing<br />
Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai World<br />
Expo. Arjan Hoefnagels, project manager<br />
Area Development and Environment for<br />
the Port of Rotterdam, writes about this<br />
fascinating program on pages 5 to 7.<br />
Shortly after the visit to China, we were<br />
extremely pleased to be able to welcome to<br />
the Netherlands the latest recipient of an<br />
APEP Scholarship, Xia Junhua, a young<br />
Chinese woman who works for our Chinese<br />
partner organization CPAFFC (the Chinese<br />
People’s Association for Friendship with<br />
Foreign Countries). During her intensive<br />
two-week program, which included a visit to<br />
Brussels, Junhua was given an in-depth look<br />
at Dutch and EU politics and economics.<br />
In Brussels, she met with representatives of<br />
the Association of European Journalists, the<br />
European Economic and Social Committee<br />
and the Council of the European Union,<br />
and attended a keynote speech by Hans-<br />
Gert Pöttering, president of the European<br />
Parliament. In the Netherlands, her<br />
agenda included ING Bank, the Province<br />
of Groningen, the ministries of General<br />
Affairs and the Interior, public-sector bank<br />
BNG, the Association of Netherlands<br />
Municipalities, and the Friendship<br />
Association Netherlands-China.<br />
<strong>The</strong> second half of this year will be at least<br />
as interesting, with programs planned in<br />
the Netherlands, the UK, Germany, Italy,<br />
Canada, the United States and Brussels.<br />
Most of these programs are tailor-made<br />
programs for our (current and new) Member<br />
organizations. We are happy that more and<br />
more APEP Members are putting their<br />
membership to use by benefiting from our<br />
signature tailor-made services, and we gladly<br />
invite our Members to let us know what their<br />
plans, ideas and wishes are for next year!<br />
Welcome to our<br />
new Members:<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program
New impulses and much food for thought<br />
Roger van Boxtel is chairman of the Board of the Menzis health insurance<br />
company. He was delegation leader during the study trip ‘Housing for seniors:<br />
care or service?’ that was organized by APEP upon an initiative of its Member<br />
organization Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten.<br />
Roger van Boxtel with 102-year old Blossom Williams at the Sterling Glen senior housing complex in Philadelphia.<br />
From April 9th to 14th, a group of managers<br />
and professionals from the world of housing,<br />
care and welfare for the elderly participated<br />
in a study trip to Washington and<br />
Philadelphia. Like the Netherlands, the US<br />
is struggling with the challenges presented<br />
by an aging population. By 2020, one-sixth<br />
of the population will be 65 or older, a third<br />
of which will have housing needs and onefifth<br />
service needs that may not be addressed<br />
adequately by current government initiatives<br />
(source: Seniors Housing Commission report<br />
2002). <strong>The</strong> aging of America will have<br />
profound effects on the economy and society.<br />
Our visit took place amid shocked responses<br />
to journalist Christopher Buckley’s justpublished<br />
novel Boomsday. Horrified by the<br />
prospect of having to foot the baby boom<br />
generation’s ballooning Social Security bill,<br />
Buckley’s protagonist proposes to incentivize<br />
suicide for Americans approaching the age of<br />
70. An absurd idea, of course, but perhaps<br />
one that aptly symbolizes the magnitude<br />
of the problems to be tackled in an aging<br />
society.<br />
Another issue in the US is the vast number<br />
of uninsured people: no less than 40<br />
million (15%). <strong>The</strong> health care system is<br />
fundamentally different from that of the<br />
Netherlands. It lacks universal care, and<br />
instead offers two programs: Medicare for<br />
seniors, and Medicaid for the poor. Outside<br />
of these two programs, Americans have the<br />
option of purchasing private insurance or<br />
care from their own means. We had a firsthand<br />
glance of the gap between rich and<br />
poor that is so characteristic of the US at<br />
some of the institutions we visited. In the<br />
general nursing homes, facilities are bare and<br />
minimal. We also saw assisted-living facilities<br />
for veterans and active-living projects that<br />
provide the elderly with every luxury and<br />
allow them to live out their lives in secluded<br />
locations walled off from the outside world.<br />
People with less money are decidedly worse<br />
off in the US, although projects financed<br />
by trust funds offer some relief to the most<br />
needy elderly.<br />
We visited a respectable number of<br />
institutions in a short space of time. A<br />
few meetings stood out. One memorable<br />
encounter took place at the Armed Forces<br />
Retirement Home in Washington, which<br />
houses 1100 veterans. True soldiers, proud<br />
people. In one of the dining halls, we spoke<br />
with a group of women who, as it turned<br />
out, had lost their homes in Hurricane<br />
Katrina, and who had in fact been hoping<br />
that we were a delegation from New Orleans.<br />
We were amazed at how far from home they<br />
had been sheltered and how long they were<br />
kept waiting. Another meeting that left an<br />
impression was with a wonderful woman<br />
named Blossom in the Sterling Glen senior<br />
apartment complex. Blossom was a hundred<br />
and two. As I offered to get her some<br />
coffee, she asked in response “Aren’t there<br />
any cocktails?” When told there weren’t,<br />
she replied, “<strong>The</strong>n I don’t want anything.”<br />
Finally, the visit to the Center for Aging<br />
Services Technologies was of particular<br />
interest to me. <strong>The</strong> Center works on new<br />
technologies that help people live at home<br />
longer, a very important development that<br />
we should also be devoting major efforts<br />
towards in the Netherlands.<br />
During the trip, as well as afterwards, the<br />
delegation members actively exchanged best<br />
practices with each other. We had frequent<br />
discussions about how to keep care in the<br />
Netherlands accessible and affordable. On<br />
this issue in particular, the trip definitely<br />
proved inspiring. In the US, care is seen as ><br />
Delegation member Pim Vermeulen (BNG) with a<br />
resident of the Armed Forces Retirement Home.<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program
Participants at Senator Hillary Clinton’s office during a meeting with one of her staffers.<br />
an industry that as a major employer allows<br />
many people to earn a living and that, like<br />
other industries, wants to make a profit. It is<br />
also transparent: what services cost is clear.<br />
People with a higher income appear to have<br />
more choices, but having said that: across<br />
the board the quality and accessibility of care<br />
in the US do not appear to be better than<br />
in the Netherlands. On the contrary, the<br />
AARP’s comparative study places care in the<br />
Netherlands among the best in the world.<br />
<strong>The</strong> delegation members agree that we must<br />
retain that quality, and that we can take pride<br />
in the solidarity that underlies our health care<br />
system. This, too, we need to preserve. At<br />
the same time, it is an inescapable fact that<br />
people will have to start bearing more of their<br />
own costs. We should also try to increase our<br />
focus on self-management and the use of new<br />
technologies, so that people can keep living<br />
at home as long as possible. As they say in<br />
America – home is where the health is.<br />
It is clear that the aging of the population<br />
poses major challenges for the US and the<br />
Netherlands alike. This trip has provided<br />
new impulses and much food for thought.<br />
I conclude with a tip of the hat to the<br />
organizer, Lia Rosenbrand of the Atlantic<br />
& Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program, who has put<br />
together a truly fantastic study trip.<br />
Interior of a home at seniors community <strong>The</strong> Reserve at Gwynedd.<br />
(With thanks to Hugo van den Beld.)<br />
Organizations that participated in the study trip Housing for Seniors:<br />
Care or Service? to Washington, DC and Philadelphia:<br />
• Twynstra Gudde – consultancy and<br />
interim management<br />
• BNG – public sector bank<br />
• Aedes – association of housing corporations<br />
• Housing corporations: Mitros; Portaal;<br />
Trudo; Vitalis; Woonzorg Nederland;<br />
Ymere<br />
• Care providers: Laak & Eemhoven;<br />
Laurens; Philadelphia Care; Carint<br />
Reggeland<br />
• Menzis – health insurer<br />
• WSW – social housing guarantee fund<br />
• Government: Ministry of Housing,<br />
Spatial Planning and the Environment;<br />
Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport;<br />
Health Care Inspectorate; Central<br />
Housing Fund<br />
Hosts/discussion partners<br />
in the USA:<br />
• Senior living communities: Armed<br />
Forces Retirement Home; Mill<br />
Run; <strong>The</strong> Reserve at Gwynedd; <strong>The</strong><br />
Washington Home<br />
• Senior living services providers:<br />
Brookdale Senior Living; Del Webb;<br />
Emeritus Assisted Living; Five Star<br />
Senior Living; Sunrise Senior Living<br />
• Interest groups: American Association<br />
of Homes and Services for the Aging<br />
(AAHSA); American Association of<br />
Retired Persons (AARP); Assisted<br />
Living Federation of America (ALFA);<br />
International Association of Homes and<br />
Services for the Aging (IAHSA)<br />
• Research centers: Center for Aging<br />
Services Technologies (CAST); Institute<br />
for the Future of Aging Services (IFAS)<br />
• Independence Blue Cross – health<br />
insurer<br />
• Government: U.S. Department of<br />
Health and Human Services; U.S.<br />
Senate Special Committee on Aging<br />
• Royal Netherlands Embassy<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program
with short decision lines and no real<br />
opposition, is clearly that the country has<br />
an enormous ability to take decisive action<br />
– something that is almost indispensable<br />
if you want to get something done in a<br />
short period of time in cities of gigantic<br />
proportions such as Beijing. By the way:<br />
the Chinese, too, are subject to obligations<br />
such as Environmental Impact reports<br />
and numerous permit applications. <strong>The</strong><br />
difference with the Netherlands, however, is<br />
that compliance with the rules is extremely<br />
poor due to widespread corruption. This is<br />
one of the main reasons for the country’s<br />
gigantic environmental troubles.<br />
Top real estate executive Cor van Zadelhoff with a welcoming committee at BOCOG.<br />
<strong>The</strong> next day we flew to Shanghai, 1100<br />
kilometres to the south and with 20 million<br />
people even bigger than Beijing. <strong>The</strong> city<br />
center has a rather western look, with much<br />
highrise (in the Pudong business district<br />
skyscrapers of 400 to 500 metres high are<br />
being erected). In planning new motorways,<br />
Shanghai has opted for a different solution<br />
than Beijing by building a new road of 2x3<br />
lanes above the existing highway. Traffic on<br />
the elevated road races past the adjoining<br />
buildings at close distance.<br />
activity. Measures are also taken to battle<br />
the city’s severe air pollution. To reduce<br />
smog levels during the Games drastic action<br />
is taken, including a full construction ban<br />
that is to take effect six months before the<br />
start of the Games (which has the added<br />
advantage of making it possible to evict<br />
all cranes from the city in one swoop),<br />
compulsory vacations outside the city for<br />
sizeable sections of the population and<br />
large-scale limitations on car traffic. By<br />
simultaneously promoting more permanent<br />
measures, such as the usage of other fuels<br />
than charcoal for heating homes, the<br />
authorities hope that also after the Olympics<br />
the city will benefit from cleaner air.<br />
Although it had been agreed that we would<br />
visit the sites where the Olympic stadiums<br />
are being constructed, BOCOG now told<br />
us that no time was left for such a visit. We<br />
were permitted to take a look in a beautiful<br />
exhibition room in the proximity of the<br />
construction sites where magnificent models<br />
of the stadiums and of the entire Olympic<br />
area were on display. <strong>The</strong> ‘bird’s nest’,<br />
the national stadium under construction,<br />
we could unfortunately only see from a<br />
distance, from behind a large fence. Thus<br />
the Chinese keep close control over what<br />
is seen by the outside world, making it<br />
impossible for visitors to get a clear picture<br />
of, for example, labour conditions on the<br />
construction sites.<br />
Tuesday’s agenda featured visits to the<br />
Beijing Urban Planning Bureau, the Jiangsu<br />
Jiangdu construction and engineering<br />
company, and the Beijing Planning<br />
Exhibition Hall which houses a giant<br />
model of all of Beijing. It was explained<br />
how the city manages a population of<br />
16 million with some three million cars.<br />
Every day, 1500 new cars join the roads;<br />
620 bus routes and 200 kilometres of<br />
subway lines help to keep the city moving.<br />
We learned that the realization of large<br />
infrastructure projects, from the planning<br />
stages to the actual construction, takes<br />
just a couple of years. That one phase in<br />
such projects involves “resettlement of the<br />
people” was mentioned in passing, as if<br />
there were nothing unusual about evicting<br />
thousands of people from their houses to<br />
make space for government projects. One<br />
advantage of China’s system of government,<br />
On Thursday we visited the Expo 2010<br />
offices. Almost in the heart of the city an<br />
area of six square kilometres on the banks of<br />
the Huangpu river is being prepared for the<br />
Expo. Here, too, tens of thousands of people<br />
and over 200 businesses have to make space<br />
for the construction. It is expected that<br />
some 70 million people will visit the Expo,<br />
with peeks of up to 800,000 per day. <strong>The</strong><br />
biggest challenge is transportation to and<br />
from the Expo. Two new subway lines are<br />
under construction and an extension of the<br />
Maglev high-speed railway will connect the<br />
Expo with the national airport. <strong>The</strong> two<br />
river banks housing the Expo area will be<br />
connected by a new tunnel. At the end of<br />
our visit, we were impressed by what we had<br />
heard and seen – the organizers seem to be<br />
doing a truly great job. Which is no luxury,<br />
considering that the Expo will open in less<br />
than three years time while the work has<br />
only just started.<br />
<strong>The</strong> afternoon program takes us to Siemens,<br />
one of the World Expo’s main sponsors<br />
and the builders of the high-speed train<br />
that on the last day will take us to the<br />
airport in just seven minutes, at a speed<br />
of 431 kilometres per hour. Impressive<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program
constructions of a different kind are the new<br />
deep-sea container terminal of Yangshan,<br />
which we visited on the Friday, and the 32-<br />
kilometre long bridge by which it can be<br />
reached. Ten kilometres of quay-wall have<br />
already been built (comparable in size to the<br />
entire Maasvlakte-2 extension project in the<br />
Port of Rotterdam), with expansion in the<br />
coming years still possible up to a total of<br />
approximately 30 kilometres. <strong>The</strong> terminal<br />
has been constructed by, put simply, filling<br />
stretches of sea between the islands of an<br />
archipelago with sand while building a<br />
quay-wall in front of it. A major advantage<br />
of building this far off the coast is that the<br />
terminal is not hindered by large quantities<br />
of sludge at the mouth of the Yangtze river,<br />
resulting in considerable cost savings as<br />
extensive dredging is rendered superfluous.<br />
Additional visits to the Shanghai stock<br />
exchange and the Bank of Communications<br />
wrapped up this highly useful trip to China.<br />
After a week spent as a member of an<br />
interesting and diverse group, I return with<br />
a good impression of how China deals with<br />
this type of mega events and the problems<br />
that come with them.<br />
Participants Jos Reijers (Li.Re Holding), Arjan Hoefnagels (Port of Rotterdam) and Nico de Vries (BAM Group)<br />
enjoying a Chinese lunch.<br />
<br />
Proudfoot-APEP <strong>The</strong>me Dinner<br />
Continuing a successful tradition that began in the mid-1990s,<br />
Proudfoot Consulting and APEP on June 28 jointly hosted<br />
a dinner for leading business executives. Guest speaker at<br />
this event in De Oude Raadzaal in <strong>The</strong> Hague was departing<br />
Unilever Chairman Antony Burgmans (photo).<br />
Mr. Burgmans (photo), who was recently appointed as a member<br />
of the Executive Committee of the World Business Council for<br />
Sustainable Development, addressed the distinguished guests on<br />
<strong>The</strong> role of Business in Society.<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program
Learning from<br />
Rabobank managers acquaint<br />
by: René Jansen, Director, Rabobank Arnhem<br />
<strong>The</strong> banking sector in the Netherlands is finding<br />
itself in a rapidly changing environment. <strong>The</strong><br />
retail banking market in particular is seeing the<br />
appearance of new players, such as supermarkets<br />
offering simple financial products. With their<br />
extensive retail experience they know better than<br />
anyone how to seduce the customers in their<br />
shops into buying.<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong><br />
Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program
peers across the Channel<br />
themselves with retail banking in the UK<br />
As electronic banking is becoming<br />
widespread, the number of visitors to bank<br />
offices has decreased drastically. Banks<br />
are looking for other ways of establishing<br />
contact with existing and prospective<br />
customers.<br />
Rabobank, as the countrly’s largest retail<br />
bank, does not only want to prepare<br />
itself for these and other developments,<br />
it is constantly looking for innovative<br />
approaches to anticipate trends and further<br />
increase its market share. In order to<br />
deepen our knowledge of international<br />
developments in retail banking, a group of<br />
local Rabobank managers decided recently<br />
to visit fellow branch managers of banks<br />
in London. <strong>The</strong> expectation was that we<br />
would be able to learn much from our<br />
British peers.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program<br />
was asked to organize the trip. <strong>The</strong><br />
result was outstanding. In just two days,<br />
we were received by over half a dozen<br />
discussion partners who in very candid<br />
ways introduced us to their respective<br />
approaches to retail banking. APEP had<br />
put together a tightly-knit agenda for us.<br />
From our hotel in Kensington we were<br />
driven around in a comfortable bus to the<br />
various companies and institutions.<br />
<strong>The</strong> program offered a mixture of visits to<br />
traditional actors – HSBC, Barclays Bank –<br />
and new players – Sainsbury’s, John Lewis.<br />
To acquaint ourselves with the broader<br />
developments in the UK’s financial sector,<br />
a visit had been scheduled to the British<br />
Bankers’ Association. Also included was a<br />
visit to the Bluewater Shopping Centre – a<br />
must for anyone interested in retail. And,<br />
of course, we dropped by our colleagues of<br />
Rabobank International’s London branch.<br />
Among the traditional banks, HSBC stands<br />
out with a number of very innovative<br />
activities. It is successful at customer<br />
segmentation and, subsequently, at<br />
approaching selected customer groups with<br />
propositions that are perceived as ‘relevant’<br />
by the customers. Impressive is how this<br />
policy is reflected in the way the interiors<br />
of the banks’ offices are laid out. HSBC<br />
seems to have succeeded in increasing the<br />
profitability of retail banking. Customers<br />
are showing a willingness to pay – fees, not<br />
penalties – for services and products that<br />
meet real needs. This is something that we<br />
at Rabobank can learn from.<br />
Noteworthy is that payment traffic in the<br />
UK is much less developed than in the<br />
Netherlands. Cash is still used widely,<br />
whereas in the Netherlands cash has almost<br />
disappeared from the banking system.<br />
In the ‘new players’ category we had<br />
wanted to pay a visit to the successful<br />
Tesco retail chain. Unfortunately, this<br />
was not possible. In retrospect, the<br />
alternative that was offered to us, a visit<br />
to Sainsbury’s Bank, appears at least as<br />
attractive. Sainsbury’s has experienced a<br />
difficult period, the lessons from which<br />
were discussed in a frank and open manner<br />
by the bank’s management – and it was<br />
precisely this that turned our visit to the<br />
company into a great learning opportunity,<br />
revealing to us the do’s and don’ts of retail<br />
banking via the supermarket.<br />
<strong>The</strong> visit to the British Bankers’<br />
Association provided a good overview of<br />
the history of British banks and of the<br />
banks’ expectations for the future.<br />
“Bluewater... the most exciting retail and<br />
leisure destination in Europe”, I read at<br />
the Bluewater Shopping Centre’s web site<br />
prior to our visit. <strong>The</strong>re isn’t a word of<br />
exaggeration in that slogan! <strong>The</strong> centre<br />
boasts no fewer than 324 retail and<br />
catering units, 155,000 square meters of<br />
lettable floor space, 13,000 parking lots<br />
and 27,000,000 visitors a year. In line<br />
with the trip’s perfect organization, the<br />
visit to Bluewater was timed to offer a<br />
welcome break in our intensive series of<br />
meetings.<br />
All participants have written down their<br />
impressions in reports that will be shared<br />
with the marketing and distribution<br />
managers at Rabobank headquarters. All<br />
in all, it has been a very educational trip<br />
that has met our expectations. <strong>The</strong>re is no<br />
doubt that the British, and in particular<br />
the British supermarkets that sell financial<br />
services, are ahead of developments in the<br />
Netherlands. At the same time, we felt<br />
that on certain aspects the retail arms of<br />
traditional British banks can also learn from<br />
us. A good reason for APEP to organize a<br />
recipocral visit!?<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program
Nanotechn<br />
by: Rogier Bos, Head of the Centre for Biological Medicines<br />
Exterior....<br />
... and interior...<br />
... of the Keck Center of the National Academy of Sciences<br />
Last April, while the Netherlands<br />
enjoyed the early arrival of summer,<br />
representatives of various Dutch<br />
organizations – including the Senate,<br />
the Ministry of Health, Welfare and<br />
Sport, InHolland University, the<br />
Rathenau Institute, the Food and<br />
Consumer Product Safety Authority,<br />
and the National Institute for<br />
Public Health and the Environment<br />
(RIVM) – embarked on a study trip<br />
to the United States that focused<br />
on the use of nanotechnology in<br />
food and pharmaceuticals. My<br />
personal objective for the trip was<br />
to find an answer to the question:<br />
is nanotechnology a hype, or a<br />
revolution? My conclusion: it is a bit<br />
of both; mostly, it is something in<br />
between.<br />
<strong>The</strong> well-organized trip took the delegation<br />
to a large number of US government<br />
organizations (federal departments and<br />
agencies) and knowledge institutions<br />
(universities, NGOs) in and around the<br />
capital, Washington DC. To name a few: the<br />
Woodrow Wilson institute, the Food and<br />
Drug Administration, the Environmental<br />
Protection Agency, the University of<br />
Maryland, the National Academy of<br />
Sciences, the US Department of Agriculture.<br />
<strong>The</strong> delegation exchanged information with<br />
these organizations on policy and regulations,<br />
opportunities and threats, trends and<br />
developments in the field of nanotechnology.<br />
In general, the views of our discussion<br />
partners largely converged. Many emphasized<br />
the importance of international cooperation,<br />
with the OECD seen as a suitable platform.<br />
Both in the US and in Europe much debate<br />
is taking place about the exact definition<br />
of ‘nanotechnology’ or ‘nano particles’. It<br />
was pointed out during our meetings that<br />
many products or applications – especially<br />
IT applications and medical products<br />
– that are now given a ‘nano’ label are,<br />
in fact, not much more than refined<br />
derivatives of existing knowledge (if the<br />
‘nano’-claim is at all appropriate). <strong>The</strong>re is<br />
an enormous diversity of nanotechnology<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong><br />
Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program 10
ology: hype or revolution?<br />
and Medical Technology, RIVM<br />
applications in industrial processes, from<br />
information technology, water cleaning and<br />
energy generation and storage to food and<br />
household products, packaging, cosmetics,<br />
and medical products.<br />
Nano particles are not new: the human<br />
environment has long since been exposed<br />
to nano particles, of biological and<br />
organic origin (natural nano particles),<br />
from industrial sources (incidental), and<br />
more recently from specific production<br />
processes (engineered). It is mostly the latter<br />
category that gets a lot of attention, and<br />
for good reason – direct contact between<br />
engineered nano particles and human<br />
beings in particular needs careful scrutiny.<br />
Often in public discourse, when the word<br />
nanotechnology is used it would in fact<br />
be more appropriate and more precise to<br />
speak of (the application and the risks of)<br />
engineered nano particles. <strong>The</strong> general<br />
picture that emerged from our discussions in<br />
the US is that while sufficient attention (and<br />
money) is devoted to product and technology<br />
development, more room is needed for<br />
risk research and risk assessment and for<br />
risk communication. A well-informed<br />
government and public will be more capable<br />
of forming a just and balanced opinion<br />
on whether or not nanotechnological<br />
developments are desirable.<br />
As a final and personal observation, a few<br />
words about the cultural differences between<br />
the US and the EU. <strong>The</strong> US appears more<br />
innovation driven; new technologies are<br />
more easily accepted and absorped – virtues<br />
that have made the country big in the<br />
past 250 years, that are so characteristic<br />
of the ‘American Way’. <strong>The</strong> EU is more<br />
apprehensive, putting precautionary<br />
principles first and adopting a much<br />
more risk-adverse approach towards new<br />
technologies. <strong>The</strong>se distinctions are reflected<br />
to a large extent in the attitudes of authorities<br />
and public on opposite sides of the ocean.<br />
Returning to my original question:<br />
nanotechnology is a bit of a hype, and a<br />
bit of a revolution as well. Some great new<br />
developments are taking place, but there is<br />
also a tendency among manufacturers, the<br />
general public and even among regulators to<br />
hype certain aspects of wider developments.<br />
In part out of self-interest (sales), in part<br />
due to ignorance. With regard to the latter,<br />
the remedy is known: more research must<br />
be done, and more information must be<br />
disseminated.<br />
What did others think?<br />
Veronica van Nederveen (senior<br />
policymaker, Ministry of Health), who found<br />
the study trip “inspiring, very informative<br />
and excellently organized by APEP”:<br />
“<strong>The</strong> new technological<br />
opportunities carry toxicological risks. It is<br />
necessary to communicate with the public<br />
about these risks. Not doing so will hinder<br />
progress. Public awareness must be raised: at<br />
present, some 80 percent of Americans do<br />
not know what ‘nano’ means, let alone what<br />
the toxicological risks are. America’s claim<br />
culture makes producers vulnerable.<br />
It is important for the next<br />
generations that information about the use of<br />
nanotechnology is gathered now. However,<br />
nano particles are so small and therefore so<br />
hard to identify, that this can only be done<br />
with the help of scientific research. A broadly<br />
shared complaint among our discussion<br />
partners was that far too little money is<br />
available for this purpose. <strong>The</strong> US cancer<br />
institute managed to attract some attention<br />
for nano applications, and as a result, it now<br />
has some more money available for research<br />
and information campaigns. Scientists will<br />
have to involve more parties in their research<br />
activities, not least politicians and consumers.<br />
Lacking so far, however, are overview and<br />
vision with regard to nanotechnology and its<br />
applications.<br />
On several occasions the OECD<br />
was praised for its efforts to achieve better<br />
overview. Contacts with Europe are highly<br />
valued; the Americans would prefer close<br />
cooperation. <strong>The</strong>re is consensus among our<br />
discussion partners that existing regulation<br />
suffices, at least for now – especially as<br />
long as there is no clear definition of what<br />
constitutes a nano particle.”<br />
Dirk van Aken, scientific risk assessment<br />
officer of the Food and Consumer Product<br />
Safety Agency (VWA), was struck by<br />
the omnipresent willingness on the part<br />
of the group’s American hosts to share<br />
information, as well as to listen to the<br />
views and hear about the developments in<br />
the Netherlands and the EU. “Prevailing<br />
in the US are a positive attitude towards<br />
innovation, confidence in the private sector<br />
and regulatory restraint – at least as long as<br />
there are no incidents that cause major public<br />
concern. <strong>The</strong> overall motto is ‘responsible<br />
development’, which would be equally fitting<br />
to the approach recommended by the Health<br />
Council and adopted by the government in<br />
the Netherlands. (...)<br />
Thoughts about the need for a<br />
broad social discussion were rather diverse<br />
– some organizations are not wasting any<br />
energy on the subject, others consider it<br />
important and have good ideas in this<br />
direction.”<br />
Also Wim de Jong (senior scientist, RIVM)<br />
found the openness of the American<br />
discussion partners remarkable. “All in all,<br />
it was a very good study trip that has given<br />
the participants insight into the way the<br />
American authorities currently think about<br />
nanotechnology. One clear conclusion is that<br />
Europe is not lagging behind the US in this<br />
field.”<br />
11 11 <strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program
APEP Agenda<br />
Update: August 2007<br />
This agenda features only a selection of APEP programs. APEP continuously develops<br />
new programs: tailor-made study trips (exclusively for APEP Members) as well as<br />
thematic programs (on an invitation basis). Interested in what else is being planned?<br />
Questions about our activities? We welcome your suggestions and inquiries! Please find<br />
our contact details below.<br />
September 29 -<br />
October 2<br />
October 3 - 6<br />
October 9 - 12<br />
November 3 - 9<br />
November 4 - 9<br />
November 11 - 15<br />
November 21 - 23<br />
November 28 -<br />
December 1<br />
IPO Rural Area program in the UK<br />
This study visit, organized for interprovincial platform IPO (an APEP<br />
Member), will focus on the protection and maintenance of nature and<br />
landscapes in the United Kingdom: what action is taken, how is it funded,<br />
and what role do governments and other stakeholders play?<br />
Twynstra Gudde Public Policy program in Berlin<br />
Program in the German capital aimed at exchanging knowledge with and<br />
learning from public policy practitioners involved in urban regeneration,<br />
integration and education. Organized at the request of Twynstra Gudde<br />
(APEP Member) for a group of ambitious and talented public policy advisors.<br />
IPO Spatial Planning delegation to Italy<br />
Travelling to urban areas in northern Italy that are confronting many of<br />
the same challenges that are faced by Dutch cities and regions, executive<br />
councillors and advisors of the Dutch provinces will look at the approaches<br />
taken by decentral authorities in the Veneto region on issues of urban<br />
planning, housing and integration.<br />
Inside Washington 2007<br />
Mid- to senior-level managers from the private and the public sector are<br />
offered an inside look at ‘how Washington works’: how do the various<br />
branches of government function and interact, how are decisions made,<br />
what is the influence of lobbyists and media in the US capital?<br />
NHG Master Class UK<br />
Following successful Master Classes in Scandinavia and the USA in previous<br />
years, this NHG Master Class will familiarize participants with the mortgage<br />
and housing markets in the United Kingdom. Arranged for our Member<br />
organization Homeownership Guarantee Fund (NHG).<br />
Climate Change & Energy Innovation –<br />
US delegation to the Netherlands<br />
Arranged at the request of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (APEP Member)<br />
and involving several other ministries, this program will introduce some of<br />
the Netherlands’ most innovative climate change related technologies to a<br />
delegation of experts and opinion makers from the USA.<br />
Municipal Finance Delegation to Brussels<br />
Organized for public-sector bank BNG (APEP Member) and senior finance<br />
managers of large municipalities, this program will give participants an<br />
understanding of EU institutions and decision-making, lobbying opportunities<br />
and current developments related to local government finance.<br />
New Media delegation to London<br />
A delegation of the Government Information Service will look at how the<br />
recent restructuring and harmonization of the UK government’s digital<br />
communications infrastructure has turned out, in order to learn from its<br />
successes and mistakes.<br />
Coming up...<br />
25th Anniversary APEP<br />
In June 2008,<br />
APEP will<br />
celebrate its 25th<br />
anniversary. A<br />
quarter century<br />
will then have<br />
passed since we<br />
took our first<br />
participant to<br />
the US for an<br />
Pioneer participant Rein Jan intensive threeweek<br />
program,<br />
Hoekstra at APEP’s 20th<br />
anniversary dinner in 2003. in June of 1983.<br />
That participant<br />
was a young,<br />
up-and-coming government executive by the<br />
name of Rein Jan Hoekstra who is now,<br />
25 years on, a member of the Raad van State<br />
(Netherlands Council of State). A quarter<br />
century in which countless influential<br />
and talented people have been given the<br />
opportunity to exchange knowledge, views<br />
and ideas across the Atlantic and Pacific<br />
oceans, across national borders, across<br />
sectoral, cultural and hierarchical divides.<br />
We will not let this anniversary go<br />
unnoticed. In addition to a celebration event,<br />
we also plan to organize one or more special<br />
trips, including one centered around the<br />
question “what will the US look like<br />
25 years from now?” Topics such as the<br />
future of transatlantic relations and the<br />
position of the US in the world economy<br />
in 25 years time will be addressed by<br />
futurologists, think-tank fellows, pollsters<br />
who have researched Americans’ expectations<br />
of the future, and college students (what do<br />
they expect the US to look like when their<br />
generation takes the reigns?), among others.<br />
Of course, 2008 will also bring us another<br />
Presidential Election Week (for APEP<br />
Members only). Hopefully, this time<br />
participants can leave the US actually<br />
knowing who has been elected President...<br />
We will keep you informed about our<br />
Anniversary and other programs in <strong>The</strong><br />
<strong>Exchange</strong> and on our web site, www.apep.nl.<br />
www.apep.nl<br />
Rotterdam<br />
Washington, DC<br />
Eendrachtsweg 21, 3012 LB Rotterdam, <strong>The</strong> Netherlands<br />
tel.: +31 (0)10 - 411 45 88, fax: +31 (0)10 - 413 25 43, e-mail: exchange@apep.nl<br />
1250 24th Street, NW, Suite 350, Washington, DC 20037-1124, USA<br />
tel.: +1 - 202 - 466 05 29, fax: +1 - 202 - 466 30 79, e-mail: mail@apepusa.org<br />
Colophon<br />
<strong>The</strong> <strong>Exchange</strong> is a publication of the Atlantic & Pacific <strong>Exchange</strong> Program Editor Robin Doeswijk, APEP Rotterdam<br />
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