Restriction Endonucleases Products (REP) Market - Global Industry Analysis And Forecast 2014 - 2020.pdf
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<strong>REP</strong>ORT DESCRIPTION<br />
<strong>Restriction</strong> enzymes or restriction endonucleases (RE) are the enzymes that are found in the bacteria and<br />
are harvested from them for their use in research and commercial aspects. These enzymes cut the<br />
deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) at specific nucleotide sequences and the biological function of these enzymes<br />
is to protect cells from foreign DNA . Nomeclature for these enzymes is based on the first letter of the<br />
genus followed by first two letters of the species and name of the bacteria of origin. These enzymes find<br />
applications in various research activities involving molecular biology techniques.<br />
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For instance, these enzymes are used as key reagents in processes such as restriction fragment length<br />
polymorphism (RFLP), genomic mapping, several recombinant procedures and DNA sequencing. There are<br />
four classes of restriction endonucleases namely types I, II, III and IV of which class II enzymes are the<br />
most popular and more useful as compared to others. The reason being the specific determination of the<br />
DNA sequences and generate termini with 5’ phosphate and 3’ hydroxyl groups and are capable of<br />
recognizing non-palindromic sequences. There has been continuous evolution of the new prototype<br />
activities that render continuous updates about new recognition sites along with the commercial<br />
availability. REBASE is such one database that provides monthly updates about the above mentioned<br />
factors.<br />
Till date more than 10,000 bacteria are screened for the presence of restriction enzymes and currently<br />
there are more than 2,500 restriction enzymes have been discovered along with over 250 distinct<br />
specificities in sequences. The microorganisms that produce RE also produce DNA methyltransferases and<br />
this feature protects their own DNA from cleavage.<br />
These enzymes are used in conventional cloning, deciphering epigenetic modifications, construction of<br />
DNA libraries and in vivo gene editing. The market for restriction endonucleases can be segmented by<br />
various types that are available commercially and the respective application areas. Companies such as<br />
New England Biolabs, Inc. and Thermo Fisher Scientific engage in development and marketing of various