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Chapter 3 – Coral Reef Fishes of the Raja Ampat Iskands The total of 284 species at site 31 on Kofiau was the highest total recorded by the author for a single dive anywhere in the Indo-Pacific. It surpassed the previous mark of 283 species recorded at Kri Island, also in the Raja Ampat group. Table 3. Ten richest fish sites during Raja Ampat survey. Site no. General locations No. spp. 31 Kofiau 284 20 SE Misool 275 16 SE Misool 261 18 Kofiau 245 30 Kofiau 241 29 Kofiau 240 44 Wayag 239 35 Alyui Bay 235 56 E. Waigeo 226 39 Sayang 221 Table 4 presents a comparison of the reef fish fauna of major geographical areas that were surveyed. The highest average number of species (228) was recorded at Kofiau with the lowest value from the Kawe/Wayag/Sayang area. Table 4. Average number of fish species per site recorded for geographic areas in the Raja Ampat Islands. Rank General Area Site nos. Avg. species/site 1. Kofiau 28-33 228.3 2. Alyui Bay (sites 34-36) 34-36 204.7 3. W Misool (sites 22-27) 22-27 196.5 4. SE Misool (sites 7-21) 7-21 187.2 5. N & E Waigeo 51-58 185.6 6. Kawe/Wayag/Sayang 37-50 163.5 3.4.4 Coral Fish Diversity Index (CFDI) Allen (1998) devised a convenient method for assessing and comparing overall reef fish diversity. The technique essentially involves an inventory of six key families: Chaetodontidae, Pomacanthidae, Pomacentridae, Labridae, Scaridae, and Acanthuridae. The number of species in these families is totaled to obtain the Coral Fish Diversity Index (CFDI) for a single dive site, relatively restricted geographic areas (e.g. Raja Ampat Islands) or countries and large regions (e.g. Indonesia). CFDI values can be used to make a reasonably accurate estimate of the total coral reef fish fauna of a particular locality by means of regression formulas. The latter were obtained after analysis of 35 Indo-Pacific locations for which reliable, comprehensive species lists exist. The data were first divided into two groups: those from relatively restricted localities (surrounding seas encompassing less than 2,000km2) and those from much larger areas (surrounding seas encompassing more than 50,000km2). Simple regression analysis revealed a highly significant difference (P = 0.0001) between these two groups. Therefore, the data were separated and subjected to additional analysis. The Macintosh program, Statview, was used to perform simple linear regression analyses on each data set in order to determine a predictor formula, using CFDI as the predictor variable (x) for estimating the independent variable (y) or total coral reef fish fauna. The resultant formulae were obtained: 46
Chapter 3 – Coral Reef Fishes of the Raja Ampat Iskands 1. Total fauna of areas with surrounding seas encompassing more than 50,000km2 = 4.234(CFDI) - 114.446 (d.f = 15; R2 = 0.964; P = 0.0001); 2. Total fauna of areas with surrounding seas encompassing less than 2,000km2 = 3.39 (CFDI) - 20.595 (d.f = 18; R2 = 0.96; P = 0.0001). The CFDI regression formula is particularly useful for large regions such as the Philippines, where reliable totals are lacking. Moreover, the CFDI predictor value can be used to gauge the thoroughness of a particular short-term survey that is either currently in progress or already completed. For example, the CFDI for the Raja Ampat Islands now stands at 345, and the appropriate regression formula (3.39 x 345 - 20.595) predicts an approximate total of 1,149 species, indicating that at least 84 more species can be expected. On a much large scale, the CFDI can be used to estimate the reef fish fauna of the entire Indo-west Pacific region, a frequent subject of conjecture. Using this method, Allen and Adrim (2003) estimated a faunal total of 3,764 species, a figure that compares favourably with the approximately 3,950 total proposed by Springer (1982). Moreover, Springer’s figure covers shore fishes rather than reef fishes and therefore include species not always associated with reefs (e.g. estuarine fishes). The total CFDI for the Raja Ampat Islands has the following components: Labridae (109), Pomacentridae (114), Chaetodontidae (40), Acanthuridae (34), Scaridae (28), and Pomacanthidae (20). Table 5 presents a ranking of Indo-Pacific areas that have been surveyed to date, based on CFDI values. It also includes the number of reef fishes thus far recorded for each area, as well as the total fauna predicted by the CFDI regression formula. The only other areas ranked higher than the Raja Ampats are Milne Bay, PNG and Maumere Bay on the Indonesian island of Flores. However, both of these places were studied far more intensively. Conservational International conducted two RAP surveys at Milne Bay (1997 and 2000) with a total of 110 sites. Moreover, additional records were obtained that covered a 20-year period. Maumere Bay was the focus of numerous field trips by G. Allen and R. Kuiter in the 1980s. Also, extensive rotenone collections were procured there during a government-sponsored workshop in 1992. Given the same effort of collecting, the Raja Ampats would certainly surpass both these locations. 47
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Appendices Group 3 Threats (land):
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Appendices specifically to TNC and
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Appendices • Relevant tropical ma
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