LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS

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HOLT PHYSICS Laboratory Program Overview continued What you should do before an Invention Lab Before you will be allowed to work on the lab, you must turn in an initial plan. Your teacher will tell you exactly how to write an initial plan, but most plans must include a detailed description of the procedure you plan to use, the measurements and observations you will take, and a list of equipment you will use to complete the lab. Your teacher, acting as your supervisor, must approve your plan before you are allowed to proceed. Before you begin writing an initial plan, complete the following steps: • Read the Invention Lab thoroughly to make sure you understand the problem. Read carefully, and pay attention to the hints and guidelines that are presented in the lab. • Jot down notes in your lab notebook as you find clues and begin to develop a plan. • Consider how to use physics concepts to solve the problem. Think about the measurements and observations you will have to make to find a solution. • Imagine working through a procedure, keeping track of each step and the equipment you will need. Pay special attention to safety issues. • Carefully consider ways to improve your approach, in terms of logic, safety, and efficiency. • Read the safety information that begins on page ix, as well as the special safety instructions provided in the lab. Plan to wear appropriate shoes, clothing, and protective safety equipment while working in the lab. What you should do after an Invention Lab When you have completed the lab, you will present your results in the form of a Patent Application. Your teacher may have additional requirements for your report. A sample Patent Application lab report can be found on page vii. The format for the Patent Application lab report is based on the real requirements for patent applications in the United States. For the Invention Lab reports, a Patent Application must include the following eight sections. 1. Date, Title, and Inventor: The date and title of the invention and the name of the principal inventor, followed by the names of any team members or joint inventors. If your team is preparing a single application, all members may be listed jointly. 2. Background—Field of Invention: A sentence that states both the general and specific field relating to your invention. For example, “This invention relates to direct current circuits, specifically to decorative lighting.” 3. Drawings: Include as many types of drawings from as many perspectives as you need to present the mechanics of your invention. Each part of your invention should be labeled with a number or letter in the drawing for easy reference. 4. Description of Drawings: A brief description of each drawing, specifying the type of view being presented (cross-section, top view, side view, schematic, exploded, etc.). 5. List of Reference Numerals: This is a list of the numbers you used in your drawings, with a description of what each number refers to. 6. Description of Invention: This is a detailed description of all the parts of the invention. Refer to your diagrams. Describe the individual parts and how they are connected. 7. Operation of Invention: Describe the actual operation of your invention. Include a discussion of the theory of how it operates. Include any equations, proportions, or formulas necessary for an understanding of how your invention works. Also include the physical values you measured in the lab. (Hint: It is always helpful to proceed with the description in an orderly fashion—for example, when describing an electrical circuit, you may want to begin at the negative post of the battery and “follow” the current through the circuit.) 8. Conclusion, Ramifications, and Scope of Invention: One sentence restates the purpose and operation of the invention. The rest of this section is a discussion of possible variations of the design and can include ideas for other possible applications of the device or process. HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this book. vi HOLT PHYSICS Laboratory Experiments
HOLT PHYSICS Sample Invention Lab Report HRW material copyrighted under notice appearing earlier in this book. Sample Patent Application Lab Report This sample lab report is provided to give you a model to follow. Your patent applications will not be exactly like this one, but they should contain the same basic parts, as described above. 1. Date: May 18, 1999 Title: Doormat Lighting System Inventor: Antonia Briggs Sinh Ngyuen 2. Background—Field of Invention: This invention relates to resistors in direct current circuits, specifically to security lighting. 3. Drawings: Drawing A 1 1 2 Drawing B Drawing C 1 2 2 4. Description of Drawings and 5. List of Reference Numerals: 3 4 Drawing A Top view of the bottom of the doormat 1. plastic drinking straws, two on ends are 8 cm long, one in center is 4 cm long 3 2. flat pieces of cardboard, 20 cm × 10 cm, covered with heavy-duty aluminum foil Drawing B Side view of the doormat 1. side view of three plastic drinking straws (see Drawing A: 1) 2. side view of two pieces of cardboard, 20 cm × 10 cm, both covered with aluminum foil 3. connecting wires, connected to top side of aluminum foil Drawing C Circuit diagram 1. Doormat (see Drawing B: 1, 2, and 3) 2. dc battery 3. light bulb 4. insulated connecting wires 6. Description of Invention: The Doormat Lighting System consists of a doormat wired in a series circuit with a dc battery and a light bulb. The doormat is constructed by taking two pieces of cardboard or other firm material and covering them with aluminum foil. The aluminum foil is glued or taped securely to the cardboard. On one piece of cardboard, drinking straws are glued securely at each end and in the middle of the cardboard. The straws on the ends should be almost the same length as the end of the cardboard, and the straw in the middle should be about half that length. All straws should be centered lengthwise on the cardboard, so there is equal distance from the end of the straw to the edge of the cardboard on both sides. See Drawing A. The second foil-covered piece of cardboard is placed on top of the straws and glued securely. The cardboard pieces should be stacked so that the edges line up exactly, and the straws should prevent them from touching. Insulated connecting wires are attached to the top and bottom of the foil-covered pieces. See Drawing B for a side view. The insulated connecting wires are used to wire the doormat in series with a dc battery and a light bulb, as shown in Drawing C. 7. Operation of Invention: The Doormat Lighting System will light a lightbulb when weight is applied to the doormat. The purpose of this invention is to allow a person to step on the doormat and turn on the light. The dc battery connected in Sample Report vii
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Page 5: Chapter 14 Discovery Lab Light and
Page 9 and 10: HOLT PHYSICS Safety in the Physics
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Flat mirrors Procedure 8. Using two
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Batteries in Battery Holders Resist
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