Afghanistan Accelerating Sustainable Agriculture ... - part - usaid

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OPIC Overseas Private Investment Corporation PAN Pesticide Action Network PER Pesticide Evaluation Report PERSUAP Pesticide Evaluation Report and Safer Use Action Plan pH log of hydrogen concentration, measure of acidity PIC Prior Informed Consent (a treaty, relates to pesticides) POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants (a treaty, relates to toxic pesticides) PNT Practically Non-Toxic PPE Personal Protection Equipment PPQD Plant Protection and Quarantine Department PVO Private Volunteer Organization R&D toxin Reproductive and Developmental Toxin Reg 216 Regulation 216 (USAID Environmental Procedures) REI Re-Entry Interval (safety period after pesticide spraying) RUP Restricted Use Pesticide S Solution (a pesticide formulation) SOW Scope of Work SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary ST Slightly Toxic SUAP Safer Use Action Plan U Unlikely to be toxic UC University of California UN United Nations UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNFAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization UNWHO United Nations World Health Organization USAID United States Agency for International Development USEPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (also known as EPA) VFU Veterinary Field Unit VHT Very Highly Toxic WHO World Health Organization WTO World Trade Organization WWW World Wide Web ii
Table of Contents Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents....................................................................................................................................iii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................1 Recommendations ..................................................................................................................................3 Justification .............................................................................................................................................5 Country Background ...............................................................................................................................7 Revised ASAP Program Structure ..........................................................................................................9 ASAP Crops and Pests.........................................................................................................................13 Afghanistan Pesticides Active Ingredients............................................................................................15 Afghan Pesticide System Risk Profile Indicators ..................................................................................17 Impact of International Trade and Markets, Certification Schemes, Codes of Conduct, SPS Barriers, and WTO Membership ..........................................................................................................................23 Standards and Certification Systems that Reduce Risk .......................................................................25 ASAP Pesticide Evaluation Report .......................................................................................................27 ASAP Safe Use Action Plan Recommendations ..................................................................................45 ASAP GAPs, IPM Techniques, and Pesticide Safe Use Training Program .........................................47 Table 1: Afghan ASAP Program Pesticides Decision Matrix................................................................49 Attachment 1: Scope of Work .............................................................................................................61 Attachment 2: Toxicity of pesticides: EPA and WHO classifications ....................................................64 Attachment 3: Afghanistan Pesticide Regulations ................................................................................67 Attachment 4: Restricted Use Pesticides Criteria .................................................................................75 Attachment 5: Botanical Pesticides, Repellents, and Baits Regulated by USEPA...............................81 Attachment 6: A General IPM Planning and Design Protocol...............................................................83 Attachment 7: ASAP Responses to Questionnaires.............................................................................88 Attachment 8: Mitigating Potential Pesticide Dangers ..........................................................................93 Attachment 9: Protective Clothing and Equipment Guide.....................................................................95 Attachment 10: Basic First Aid for Pesticide Overexposure .................................................................97 Attachment 11: Pesticide Disposal Options..........................................................................................99 iii
Page 1: AFGHANISTAN AFGHANISTAN ACCELERATIN
Page 5: Acronyms ABSC Agribusiness Brokerag
Page 10: Executive Summary This study has be
Page 13 and 14: By the end of the 2008 cropping sea
Page 15 and 16: acceptably small risk), including t
Page 17 and 18: Shortages are exacerbated by the co
Page 19 and 20: Performance Monitoring and Communic
Page 22 and 23: ASAP Crops and Pests The following
Page 24: Afghanistan Pesticides Active Ingre
Page 27 and 28: Substandard Quality Products Afghan
Page 29 and 30: Lack of Use of Selective Pesticides
Page 32 and 33: Impact of International Trade and M
Page 34 and 35: Standards and Certification Systems
Page 36 and 37: ASAP Pesticide Evaluation Report Th
Page 38 and 39: Mitigation Do not use products cont
Page 40 and 41: follow the pesticide label instruct
Page 42 and 43: against relatively sedentary pests
Page 44 and 45: • Raised-bed planting technique;
Page 46 and 47: Issue Acute and long-term toxicolog
Page 48 and 49: Attachment 7) that under- and over-
Page 50 and 51: will be rapidly evaporated upon app
Page 52 and 53: containing any number of chemical r
Page 54 and 55: ASAP Safe Use Action Plan Recommend
Page 56 and 57:
ASAP GAPs, IPM Techniques, and Pest
Page 58 and 59:
Table 1: Afghan ASAP Program Pestic
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Insecticides/Miticides (continued)
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Fumigants Active Ingredient Class E
Page 64 and 65:
Fungicides (continued) Active Ingre
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Fungicides (continued) Active Ingre
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Herbicides (continued) Human Health
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3. PERSUAP Background, Scope and Ap
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The primary deliverable is the ASAP
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Article #1: Attachment 3: Afghanist
Page 78 and 79:
Article #14: Test and registration
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Article #30: The license is issued
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If medium or more toxic pesticides
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Pesticide Active Ingredient (AI) na
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Page 88:
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Mint Herb Kills aphids Low 128892 M
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• Release or augment microbial pe
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• Participation of key IPM person
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no Question Answer Use of herbicide
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Description of ASAP-supported AgDep
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After using • Know, enforce, resp
Page 106 and 107:
Attachment 10: Basic First Aid for
Page 108 and 109:
Pesticide Disposal Attachment 11: P
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Afghanistan Accelerating Sustainable Agriculture ... - part - usaid

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