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1.3 <strong>Programming</strong> Languages 11<br />

TABLE 1.1<br />

Language<br />

Popular High-Level <strong>Programming</strong> Languages<br />

Description<br />

Ada<br />

BASIC<br />

C<br />

Named for Ada Lovelace, who worked on mechanical general-purpose <strong>com</strong>puters. The Ada language was developed<br />

for the Department of Defense and is used mainly in defense projects.<br />

Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code. It was designed <strong>to</strong> be learned and used easily by beginners.<br />

Developed at Bell Labora<strong>to</strong>ries. C <strong>com</strong>bines the power of an assembly language with the ease of use and portability<br />

of a high-level language.<br />

C++ C++ is an object-oriented language, based on C.<br />

C# Pronounced “C Sharp.” It is a hybrid of <strong>Java</strong> and C++ and was developed by Microsoft.<br />

COBOL<br />

FORTRAN<br />

<strong>Java</strong><br />

Pascal<br />

Python<br />

Visual Basic<br />

COmmon Business Oriented Language. Used for business applications.<br />

FORmula TRANslation. Popular for scientific and mathematical applications.<br />

Developed by Sun Microsystems, now part of Oracle. It is widely used for developing platform-independent Internet<br />

applications.<br />

Named for Blaise Pascal, who pioneered calculating machines in the seventeenth century. It is a simple, structured,<br />

general-purpose language primarily for teaching programming.<br />

A simple general-purpose scripting language good for writing short programs.<br />

Visual Basic was developed by Microsoft and it enables the programmers <strong>to</strong> rapidly develop graphical user<br />

interfaces.<br />

High-Level Source File<br />

...<br />

area = 5 * 5 * 3.1415;<br />

...<br />

Interpreter<br />

Output<br />

(a)<br />

High-Level Source File<br />

Machine-Code File<br />

...<br />

area = 5 * 5 * 3.1415;<br />

...<br />

Compiler<br />

...<br />

0101100011011100<br />

1111100011000100<br />

...<br />

Execu<strong>to</strong>r<br />

Output<br />

(b)<br />

FIGURE 1.9 (a) An interpreter translates and executes a program one statement at a time. (b) A <strong>com</strong>piler translates the<br />

entire source program in<strong>to</strong> a machine-language file for execution.<br />

Note that a statement from the source code may be translated in<strong>to</strong> several machine<br />

instructions.<br />

■ A <strong>com</strong>piler translates the entire source code in<strong>to</strong> a machine-code file, and the<br />

machine-code file is then executed, as shown in Figure 1.9b.<br />

✓ Check<br />

1.10 What language does the CPU understand?<br />

1.11 What is an assembly language? ✓Point

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