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CHAPTER SEVEN THE AIR FORCE COMPONENT WITHIN THE JOINT FORCE The greatest lesson of this war has been the extent to which air, land, and sea operations can and must be coordinated by joint planning and unified command. The attainment of better coordination and balance than now exists between services is an essential of national security. — General Henry H. “Hap” Arnold Modern warfare requires flexibility in execution to adapt to a wide variety of scenarios; this drives a need to assemble the right mix of forces from the appropriate Services to tailor the operation. This need to assemble the right forces drives a corresponding need for proper organization, command and control mechanisms, and appropriate command relationships. Current Service and joint doctrine provide much useful guidance on organization; however, assembling a joint organization demands careful, conscious thought. This chapter draws from doctrine and experience to provide the basics of setting up and commanding a joint air component within a joint force. JOINT FORCE ORGANIZATIONAL BASICS When a crisis requires a military response, the geographic CCDR will usually form a tailored JTF. If Air Force forces are attached to the JTF, they stand up as an AETF within the JTF. The AETF commander, as the COMAFFOR, provides the single Air Force face to the JTF commander. Other Services may also provide forces, and normally stand up as separate Army, Navy, and Marine forces, each with their respective commander (Commander, Army forces [COMARFOR]; Commander, Navy forces [COMNAVFOR]; and Commander, Marine Corps forces [COMMARFOR]). This JTF organization, along purely Service lines, is the most basic joint force organization. See figure 7.1. Each separate Service component commander normally exercises OPCON over assigned and attached forces, as delegated from the JFC. In all cases, the JFC is ultimately responsible for delineating the command relations of forces under his or her OPCON and empowering subordinate commanders appropriately. Normally, a JFC receives OPCON of assigned or attached forces and delegates that control (OPCON) to the appropriate Service component commanders. Delegation of OPCON allows Service component commanders the necessary authority to fully organize and employ their forces: 88
“Operational control is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. Operational control includes authoritative direction over all aspects of military operations and joint training necessary to accomplish missions assigned to the command. Operational control should be exercised through the commanders of subordinate organizations. Normally this authority is exercised through subordinate joint force commanders and Service and/or functional component commanders.” (JP 1-02) (Emphasis added) Joint Force Commander COMAFFOR COMARFOR COMNAVFOR COMMARFOR Air Force Forces Army Forces Navy Forces Marine Corps Forces Figure 7.1. Joint force organization along purely Service lines. This is the most basic joint force organization. Organizing and employing forces through Service components, however, does not allow for the true integration of key functional activities—especially airpower. Further, Army, Navy, and Marine forces are usually assigned individual AOs, which are subsets of the JFC’s JOA, which presents a less-than-total view of the theater. By comparison, an air component commander typically has a similar operational level, JOA-wide perspective as the JFC. Because all four Services have forces that operate in the air domain, and two of them have land forces, the designation of functional commanders allows greater synergy by integrating similar activities across Service boundaries. Functional component commanders can also focus their planning and execution above the tactical level at the operational level of war. However, the designation of joint force air, land, maritime, and special operations component commanders (JFACC, joint force land component commander [JFLCC], joint force maritime component commander [JFMCC], and JFSOCC respectively) is at the discretion of the JFC. This functional component model has the added benefit in that, of all possible models, it most easily transitions to one that supports combined (coalition) employment, and the functional component commanders become combined component commanders (i.e., combined force air component commander [CFACC], combined force land component commander 89
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Air Force Basic Doctrine, Organizat
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FOREWORD This document is the Air F
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Concentration .....................
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PREFACE At the very heart of warfar
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will continue to play a critical ro
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CHAPTER ONE DOCTRINE There is no en
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What are my lines of authority with
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overlap among some of the principle
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what has worked poorly. In those le
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Air Force assets are employed to ac
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CHAPTER TWO AIRPOWER The other serv
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domain integration is fundamental t
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1990. More recently, Air Force forc
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Even in situations when joint strat
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THE AIRMAN’S PERSPECTIVE The prac
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CHAPTER THREE WAR Every art has its
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TRADITIONAL AND IRREGULAR WAR The U
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ultimate end state in mind during c
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environmental degradation; populati
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CHAPTER FOUR PRINCIPLES AND TENETS
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aims. In application, this principl
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Maneuver Maneuver places the enemy
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offensive or defensive operations d
Page 47 and 48: Legitimacy In order to reduce the t
Page 49 and 50: effectiveness of airpower. Centrali
Page 51 and 52: Concentration One of the most const
Page 53 and 54: FUNCTIONS The functions of the Mili
Page 55 and 56: Air Superiority Air Superiority is
Page 57 and 58: incorporates CNE, computer network
Page 59 and 60: without necessarily having to achie
Page 61 and 62: It provides joint military forces t
Page 63 and 64: and understanding of threats in the
Page 65 and 66: THE COMMANDER, AIR FORCE FORCES Alt
Page 67 and 68: Direct intratheater air mobility op
Page 69 and 70: structures, which are usually provi
Page 71 and 72: “Appropriate Command and Control
Page 73 and 74: component, the Air Force provides a
Page 75 and 76: units of a single wing. If deployed
Page 77 and 78: not been trained. The AFFOR staff s
Page 79 and 80: “ADCON-only” AETF. On occasion,
Page 81 and 82: are organic to Air Force operations
Page 83 and 84: etween forward and rear decision ma
Page 85 and 86: CONUS-Based Forces CONUS-based forc
Page 87 and 88: If the answer to all three question
Page 89 and 90: Coordinate the tasking of intrathea
Page 91 and 92: (JFSOCC). AFSOF, like all Air Force
Page 93 and 94: NUCLEAR SUPPORT TO REGIONAL COMMAND
Page 95 and 96: and decisions of mutual interest ar
Page 97: either by position (as, for example
Page 101 and 102: typically maintains a similar theat
Page 103 and 104: Army aviation assets. These are nor
Page 105 and 106: Theater-Level Component This unifie
Page 107 and 108: coordination challenges between the
Page 109 and 110: JOINT AIR COMPONENT COORDINATION EL
Page 111 and 112: THEATER AIR COMPONENT COMMAND MECHA
Page 113 and 114: JOINT STAFFS This section presents
Page 115 and 116: An alliance is a relationship that
Page 117 and 118: CONCLUSION If there is one attitude
Page 119 and 120: APPENDIX A COMMAND RELATIONSHIPS AN
Page 121 and 122: instructions for joint air assets m
Page 123 and 124: equests, protecting personnel, and
Page 125 and 126: Plan and task air mobility operatio
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIX C THE AFFOR STAFF This app
Page 129 and 130: Logistics (A-4) The director of log
Page 131 and 132: APPENDIX D THE AIR RESERVE COMPONEN
Page 133 and 134: full ADCON; the gaining COMAFFOR no
Page 135 and 136: GLOSSARY Abbreviations and Acronyms
Page 137 and 138: JOA JP JSOTF JTAC JTF LNO MAAP MAGT
Page 139 and 140: purposes or for clarity and inclusi
Page 141 and 142: coordination. The necessary action
Page 143 and 144: matters of administration, discipli
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Command

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