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... . I .. BEFORE COLUMBUS
~ 1 IT's GONE NOW, drained and desiccated in the aftermath of the Spanish conquest, but once there was an interconnected complex of lakes high up in the Valley of Mexico that was as long and as wide as the city of London is today. Surrounding these waters, known collectively as the Lake of the Moon, were scores of towns and cities whose population, combined with that of the outlying communities of central Mexico, totaled about 25,000,000 men, women, and children. On any given day as many as 200,000 small boats moved back and forth on the Lake of the Moon, pursuing the interests of commerce, political intrigue, and simple pleasure.1 The southern part of the Lake of the Moon was filled with brilliantly clear spring-fed water, but the northern part, in the rainy season, became brackish and sometimes inundated the southern region with an invasion of destructive salty currents. So the people of the area built a ten-mile long stone and clay and masonry dike separating the lower third of the lake from the upper two-thirds, blocking the salt water when it appeared, butthrough an ingenious use of sluice gates-allowing the heavy water traffic on the lake to continue its rounds unobstructed by the lllassive levee wall. This southern part of the great lake thus became, as well as a thoroughfare, an immense fresh-water fish pond. In the middle of this fresh-water part of the lake there were two reedcovered mud banks that the residents of the area over time had built up and developed into a single huge island as large as Manhattan, and upon that island the people built a metropolis that became one of the largest cities in the world. With a conventionally estimated population of about 350,000 residents by the end of the fifteenth century, this teeming Aztec
Page 2 and 3: - . - ·-=-~~~~~-- HISTORY "A much-
Page 4 and 5: AMERICAN HOLOCAUST The Conquest of
Page 6 and 7: For Florence Evelyn Harwood Stannar
Page 8 and 9: PROLOGUE IN THE DARKNESS of an earl
Page 10 and 11: PROLOGUE xi after with an epigraph
Page 12 and 13: PROLOGUE xiii History for its own s
Page 14 and 15: PROLOGUE XV among indigenous people
Page 18 and 19: 4 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST capital alread
Page 20 and 21: 6 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST was ringed wit
Page 22 and 23: 8 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST customs of the
Page 24 and 25: 10 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST sands of year
Page 26 and 27: 12 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST latitude for
Page 28 and 29: 14 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST of apartheid.
Page 30 and 31: 2 COMBINED, NORTH AMERICA and South
Page 32 and 33: BEFORE COLUMBUS 19 that archaeologi
Page 34 and 35: BEFORE COLUMBUS 21 . But in fact th
Page 36 and 37: BEFORE COLUMBUS bounty nature had g
Page 38 and 39: BEFORE COLUMBUS 25 their extraordin
Page 40 and 41: BEFORE COLUMBUS 27 cal and religiou
Page 42 and 43: BEFORE COLUMBUS 29 legal device. An
Page 44 and 45: BEFORE COLUMBUS Similar observation
Page 46 and 47: BEFORE ·COLUMBUS passed the limits
Page 48 and 49: BEFORE COLUMBUS H world away in eac
Page 50 and 51: BEFORE COLUMBUS 37 the most extraor
Page 52 and 53: BEFORE COLUMBUS 39 Their cosmology
Page 54 and 55: BEFORE COLUMBUS 41 most extensive e
Page 56 and 57: BEFORE COLUMBUS There were no locks
Page 58 and 59: BEFORE COLUMBUS pie of the Andes bu
Page 60 and 61: BEFORE COLUMBUS 47 impressed into r
Page 62 and 63: BEFORE COLUMBUS 49 further south on
Page 64 and 65: BEFORE COLUMBUS 51 rine corrals hel
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BEFORE COLUMBUS Indeed, Morgan late
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NATIVE PEOPLES For 40,000 years, hu
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;. Temple Group at Uaxactun, Guatem
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The Gallery of the Mercado, Chichen
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"While hunting with some of my comr
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The town of Secotan in Virginia, wh
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A young Seri Indian woman of southw
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A family from an unknown (possibly
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A Nez Perce boy from the Columbia P
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4 "< .II · PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE
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58 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST sands who liv
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60 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST episode of ma
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62 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST the Inquisiti
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64 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST to know where
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66 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST I certify to
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68 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST capital, his
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70 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST there, in a p
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72 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST ' ' proceeded
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74 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST they were dis
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76 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST dian allies-a
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78 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST of the Aztec
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80 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST peak of the A
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82 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST 95 percent. I
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84 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST dian children
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86 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST ico, over a s
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88 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST I would not c
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90 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST ish seemed to
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92 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST tosf in the A
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94 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST tation master
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.4 I N THE AREA around the town of
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 99 God to b
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 101 in Lond
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 103 other c
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE lOS fered b
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 107 winter
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 109 that on
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 111 to carr
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 113 mystery
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 115 "little
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 117 menting
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 119 atrocit
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 121 lowed u
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PESTiLENCE AND GENOCIDE 123 de Tocq
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 125 had red
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 127 were fi
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 129 away as
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 131 This, t
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 133 take up
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE HS sailed u
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 137 the pad
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 139 food pr
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 141 answere
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 143 varied
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PESTILENCE AND GENOCIDE 145 the [In
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GENOCIDE During the course of four
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"As the Spaniards went with their w
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"The Spanish treated the Indians wi
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"Because he did not give the great
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"With my own eyes I saw Spaniards c
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"In one square of less than half an
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Mass burials followed the carnage.
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In the wake of the carnage, whites
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III SEX, RACE, AND HOLY WAR
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ISO AMERICAN HOJ.,OCAUST fueled gen
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1S2 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST from the oth
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154 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST to the high
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156 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST Of course, s
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HS AMERICAN HOLOCAUST gons of the f
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160 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST stones, whip
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162 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST revealing fa
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164 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST . And nevert
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166 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST there follow
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168 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST further remo
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170 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST dwelling, an
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172 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST within even
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174 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST From this pe
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176 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST tected the r
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178 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST overhead in
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180 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST If not wiped
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182 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST economy. But
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184 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST ficial, cont
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186 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST leashed-and
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188 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST tion critici
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190 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST for what hap
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192 AMERICAN HOLOCAUST known. And,
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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS VIEWED himself
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 197 discipli
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 199 informat
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 201 religion
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 203 tainly s
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 205 not need
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 207 appearan
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 209 In ancie
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 211 contende
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 213 tive rac
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 215 the litt
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 217 century
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 219 pean epi
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 221 neither
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 223 ing the
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 225 regated
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 227 in the G
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 229 beings a
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 231 serves S
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 2H the Briti
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 235 uum domi
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 237 indentur
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 239 fronted
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 241 beasts w
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 243 inner pr
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SEX, RACE AND HOLY WAR 245 Two deca
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EPILOGUE It is unlikely to have esc
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EPILOGUE 249 still were human-and i
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EPILOGUE 2Sl unaware of the racism
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EPILOGUE 253 using screwdrivers to
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EPILOGUE 255 Indeed, it is insuffic
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EPILOGUE 257 Ridge in South Dakota
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APPENDIXES
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262 APPENDIX I Skeptics remained un
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264 APPENDIX I passable by foot eve
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266 APPENDIX I had to carry out at
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268 APPENDIX I best estimate for th
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270 APPENDIX II ing her infant thro
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272 APPENDIX II animality and a pec
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274 APPENDIX II first of these is h
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276 APPENDIX II complex forms of ra
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278 APPENDIX II early years of sett
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280 APPENDIX II UNITED NATIONS CONV
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During the course o
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NOTES Prologue 1. The official Amer
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NOTES 287 involvement in and suppor
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NOTES 289 23. Francis Jennings, The
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NOTES 291 Longacre, ed., Reconstruc
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NOTES 293 44. Robert Silverberg, Mo
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NOTES 295 71. For this and more see
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NOTES 297 Gerald R. Clark, "A Late
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NOTES 299 in Western Europe from La
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NOTES 301 in a symposium on that bo
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NOTES 303 Bureau of Labor Statistic
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NOTES 305 121. Ibid., p. 143. See a
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NOTES 307 Principal Navigations, Vo
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NOTES 309 one-third; see William H.
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NOTES Hl 81. Leach, Flintlock and T
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NOTES H3 Western Oregon," Ethnohist
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NOTES 315 145. Cook, Indian versus
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NOTES 317 people killed in the Holo
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NOTES 319 bridge: Cambridge Univers
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NOTES ~21 46. Quoted in Couliano, E
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NOTES 323 bridge University Press,
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NOTES 32S Mediterranean and the Med
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NOTES 327 25. Robert L. O'Connell,
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NOTES 329 60. Quoted in Todorov, Co
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NOTES 331 White Man to Redskin: Cha
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NOTES H3 113. See Schlatter, Privat
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NOTES ~eal E. Salisbury, "Red Purit
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NOTES 337 The toll in Soviet milita
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NOTES 339 cide in New Mexico, 1957-
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INDEX Abenaki Indians, 118 Acaxee p
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INDEX 349 Chaco Canyon, 25 Chadwick
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INDEX 351 Golovnin, V.M., 138 Gomar
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INDEX Lifton, Robert Jay, 246 Lillo
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INDEX H5 Pennacook Indians, 28 Penn
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INDEX 357 Thirty Years War, 225 Tho
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