Small Satellite Program of ISAS/JAXA

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Small Satellite Program
of ISAS/JAXA
MMuunneettaakkaa UUEENNOO
Director, ISAS program Office
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS)
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
ISAS as a Research institute
Research in
Whole Coverage of Space Technology & Space Sciences
High Degree-of-Freedom in Choosing Research Topics
Not Only doing Research
But doing Flight & Missions (Complimentary in R&D)
Technology Research in
Both “Supporting” and “Leading / Creating” in Space
Science Programs
Idea into Flight Missions & Missions Stimulate Research
Research Activities based on Inter-University System

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
ISAS Space Science Projects
IR/Radio Astronomy and X-ray/High Energy Astrophysics
Space Plasma Physics and Atmospheric Science
Planetary Science & Solar System Exploration
Development & Evolution of Flight Tools
New Space Flight Technology & Future Space Utilization
Flight Tools and Opportunities at ISAS
Scientific Satellites and Spacecraft
Interplanetary Missions and Planetary Probes
Experimental Flight Vehicles
(Sounding Rocket & Stratospheric Ballooning)

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Project Creation in ISAS as an inter-university institute
ISAS Space Science Projects
Space Science Committee
Space Engineering Committee
Working Group for Project Preparation
Encouragement, Supporting and Evaluation
for New Research Promotion
Research Proposal
Space Science Communities
Space Engineering Communities

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Inter-University Research Promotion System
Space Science Research Committee
(Steering Body for Inter-University Research Promotion System)
Research Groups / Communities
X-ray/High energy astrophysics
Infrared astronomy
Radio astronomy
Solar physics
Upper atmosphere studies
Solar system studies (wide coverage)
Space plasma physics
Research Group Members (Professors and Associate Professors)
ISAS/University Researchers ~ 500

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Inter-University Research Promotion System
Space Engineering Research Committee
(Steering Body for Inter-University Research Promotion System)
Research Groups / Communities
Propulsion
Aerodynamics and Thermo-physics
Material
Structure and Mechanics
Navigation, Guidance & Control
Power and Energy Systems
Communication / Instrumentation
Micro-electronics
Research Group Members (Professors and Associate Professors)
ISAS/University Researchers! ! ~ 200

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Technical Evolution Underway for Experimental Flight Tools

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Goal and Approach of ISAS
High Level of Basic Space Technology Research by
Academic and Inter-University Basis Scheme
Creation and Execution of Challenging Space Science
Missions and Programs
Balance of Space Technology and Science Communities
in a “Single Framework”
Keeping Researchers Highly Motivated through
! Encouraging Creation/Maturation of New Projects,
! Resolving Technical Issues in Programs, and
! Stimulating New Technology Research by Programs

Munetaka UENO
11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
ISAS astronomical/geo-science missions
ASTRO-H (2014-)
X-ray
ASCA (1993) SUZAKU (2005)
Infrared
SFU/IRTS (1995)
AKARI (2006) SPICA (2021-)
YOKOH (1991)
AKEBONO (1989) GEOTAIL (1992)
Radio
HALCA (1997)
REIMEI (2005)
ASTRO-G (Canceled)
HINODE (2006)
Solar-C
SPRINT-A (2013)
3.4
56
ERG (2015)

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
ISAS planetary missions
Year
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
1234123412341234123412341234123412341234123412341234123412341234123412341234123412341234
Terrestrial Planetary Exploration
SELENE
Surface exploration
SELENE! Pinpoint landing Penetrator, lander
Mars surface and
Jovian satellites
interior probe
Jupiter combined probe
Primitive Body Exploration
HAYABUSA
HAYABUSA!
Luna sample return (SELENE3)
HAYABUSA Mk2
S-type
C-typeReturn is uncertain
Luna surface sample
cometary core
Planetary Atmosphere Science
Venus meteorological probe "P-C)
Mars meteorological probe
Jupiter combined probe
Clarify atmospheric dynamics "Venus#
Atmospheric structure and loss "Mars#
Clarify atmospheric dyna
Planetary Magnetosphere Science
Mercury magnetosphere probe "B-P, MMO)
Jupiter combined probe
Thin atmosphere of Mercury
Research on the largest plan
ISAS
magnetosphere formation flying "SCOPE)
ESA
Mercury surface probe "B-P, MPO)
Preparation peri
Flight period
Operation or retu
Start
Munetaka UENO
Mercury surface exploration

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Size in weight(Kg) of
Scientific missions in ISAS
Kg
KAGUYA
◆
SPICA
ASTRO-H
SUZAKU
GEOTAIL
AKARI
ASTRO-G
GINGA
AKEBONO
YOHKOH
ASCA
HITEN
HALCA
HINODE
PLANET-C
NOZOMI HAYABUSA
REIMEI
HAYABUSA-2
MMO
Small
sattelite
series
Year

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Promotion of Small Satellite Program
SPRINT-A
Flexible Bus with New Architecture
Munetaka UENO

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Small satellite Series #1
SPRINT-A

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Scientific objectives
Atmospheric escape with the solar wind
–
SUPPOSE, the young solar system; the solar wind was very active, and a large amount of
atmospheric escape were there.
Charge exchange
(Solar wind)
O + 83nm
(Ionosphere)
Where the green-house gases
(CO 2 , H 2 O) has gone?
What can sustain the planet with
the atmosphere, and also the life?
Munetaka UENO
H 121nm
O 130nm
(exosphere)
O + 83nm
C + 133nm
N + 108nm

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Scientific objectives
Atmospheric escape with the solar wind
–
SUPPOSE, the young solar system; the solar wind was very active, and a large amount of
atmospheric escape were there.
Charge exchange
(Solar wind)
O + 83nm
(Ionosphere)
Where the green-house gases
(CO 2 , H 2 O) has gone?
What can sustain the planet with
the atmosphere, and also the life?
Munetaka UENO
H 121nm
O 130nm
(exosphere)
O + 83nm
C + 133nm
N + 108nm

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
P
A
ST
Stronger solar wid flux
Stronger XUV flux
Continuous CME flare
Reactions upon these parameters are essentially
important to know the early phase of the solar system
Munetaka UENO

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Mapping the energy transportation
by EUV slit imaging spectroscopy
Most of the induced energy of the
magnetosphere is cooled by the EUV radiation.
Existence of the EUV radiation suggests
a mysterious source of induced energy
Current debates on the induced mechanism
increase of density and temperature of
the background ions
injection of high energy ions
Plasma torus
neutral
gas
super-thermalized electrons
~40%
ionization
S, O ions
10100eV
~10%
transport
イオ
io
~60%
mysterious
heating
mechanism
Examination of plasma torus using EUV spectroscopy
→ derive the electron temperature
Time variation and time scale of the thermal structure
→ Strong constraint for the induced mechanism of the energetics of
the rotating magnetosphere in Jupiter
Munetaka UENO
Ion/electron
Coulomb’s
scattering
Background electrons
a few - a few tens eV
EUV
radiation
~90%
~30%
Delamere & Bagenal (2003)

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Jupiter magnetosphere
--- very strong site of rotating magnetosphere ---
Plasma torus
io
What induces it?
Dense plasma torus of Jupiter
EUV spectroscopy is very efficient to
map the induced source of the energetics
explore the induced mechanism
✦ Induced by an internal rotating energy?
✦ Induced from the external energy?
✦ How the energy is transported from
outer part to the inner region?
Induced through magnetosphere
1 minute
?
Solar wind induced or
the reconnections
Solar wind
MHD transport
3 hours
Plasma transport
8 hours
6RJ
18
Munetaka UENO
30-50RJ
100RJ

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Extreme-UV
grating
Extreme-UV
spectrometer
5-stage
MCP
detector
SPRINT-A
Extreme-UV spectrometer+Slit viewing
camera
Extreme-UV
Spectrometer
Shell
structure
electronics
component
EUV
reflector
Aperture
baffle
Slit viewing
camera
mission
structure
Optics
Small
satellite
bus module
Launching 2013
Mission life
Orbit and
control
more than 1year
Low Earth Orbit
950 X 1150 Km
3-axis control
M wavelength
ission instrument Extreme-UV spectrometer
weight 348 kg
Pointing
accuracy
±1.5arcsec(course, STT)
±5arcsec (with slit camera)
M ission
Power 900 W
telemetry 0.1 GB/day
stability
± 5arcsec/120sec
FOV
10-30” X 4’ (Slit)

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Scalable system
with SpaceWire Wire(SpW)
in Japan
In 2001, We decided to choose
Space Wire
as a standard to be implemented in future scientific
satellites.
Next Step is to define a standard architecture for scientific satellites,
which often require different specifications of how the components are
linked and controlled, depending on their scientific objectives.
Bepi Colombo / MMO
X-ray Astronomy - NeXT - (ASTRO-H)
Munetaka UENO

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Background context of Space Wire
Background context
Prototyping (2003-)
Science missions have been driving SpaceWire
developments in Japan.
SpaceWire IP core implemented for a balloon
experiment (gamma-ray astrophysics mission) in 2003.
JAXA’s space science institute, Institute of Space and
Astronautical Science, and Osaka University have been
actively participating in the SpaceWire Working Group
since 2004.
Adoption in actual missions (2004-)
Several satellite missions chose SpaceWire as an
infrastructure of the spacecraft bus and mission
instrument data transfer.
Industry-academia collaboration (2003-)
JAXA and several companies have been collaborating
for promoting SpaceWire activities in Japan.
Munetaka UENO

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
In-orbit test of SpW/RMAP : SDS-I (2009)
The first RMAP test in orbit.
SDS-I carried the SpaceWire Interface test Module (SWIM)
consisting of the SpaceCube2 computer (NEC) and
the small-size gravitational wave detector (MHI).
6
Launched in 2009, the SWIM performed more than several
Giga bytes of scientific 6 data transfer 5 using 4 RMAP, 3
5
4
3
2
1
and observed no link failure or no data loss.
2
100 kg
1
D
D
D
D
^r
LI
LG
sK
oG
KHH
qH
_Ipq
_Ipq
sQ!^p^Mtu
oG
oG
C
C
GGHp^
GHH
Space C Wire
1.9 kg 3.5 kg
C
Ks^p^
Mission Computer
(NEC)
Ko^
Mission Instrument
(MHI)
B
B
B
B
GGL
A
A
K 9:;

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
Second Step
Network based distributed system
Network based Distributed System
Distributed system
Intelligent SpW
node (Space Cube)
SpW Router
non-Intelligent
SpW node
with SpW I/F chip

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
ASTRO-H
- A flagship mission in X-ray astrophysics -
The X-ray Observatory : ASTRO-H (2014)
Highly-redundant large-scale SpaceWire network
ASTRO-H carries more than 40 subsystems connected via a large SpaceWire
network with more than 100 physical SpaceWire connections.
All the command distribution and the telemetry data collection are performed
using RMAP. Time slicing based on SpaceWire Timecode assures deterministic
data transfer avoiding unexpected congestion.
(See Yuasa’s talk on the 3rd day)
14m , 2.7ton
SpW Nodes
SpW Links
Data Rate
Link speed
Data Recorder
Ground
Communication
Mission
Instruments
Munetaka UENO
>40 components
~110 physical connections
> 40 internal routers
~15 Mbps (max)
10-50 MHz
(depending on components)
2GB
S-band ~ 2Mbps
X-band ~ 8Mbps
4 types of X-ray telescopes

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Network based distributed system
ASTRO-H SpW network
(ASTRO-H)
Mission instruments:
Sensor + SpW I/F
Network segmentation using
SpW routers
SpW router
Mission instruments’
standard digital
electronics
Mission-instrument
SpW network
S-band
SpW router
Data handler
Data recorder
Power control, Battery,
Heater control, Igniters, ...
X-band
Satellite bus
SpW network
SpW router
Attitude control system
SpW network
RW, Gyro, MTQ,
STT, Thruster control, ...
2009-09-14 SpW H/W implementation for ASTRO-H
Munetaka UENO
4

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
Munetaka UENO
SpaceWire
High scalability with single architecture
Scalability through one architecture
Sta andardiz zation
Dem monstrat tion
Joint collaboration study
with JAXA/ISAS
64bit MPU
Burst SRAM
SpaceWire
Standard middleware
SDS-1
On-orbit demonstration
ASTRO-H
(Large satellite)
©JAXA
ISAS small satellite series
METI advanced small satellite
Standard small satellite
NEC standard bus (NEXTAR)
20082009 2011 2013

11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
SpaceWire
Advantage of based system
The merit of SpaceWire
Unlimited packet length
Header
Payload
EOP
4bits
Large Packets
(Image: Mbytes)
Sensor
Small Packets
(Sensor: Bytes)
Agile parts
procurement
No PLL,
FPGA is applicable
SpW Node
SpW Node
SpW Node
Wide range of
transmission speed
Mbps Gbps
Higher speed is available
through multiple channels
transmission
High reliability
/Dependable
Prompt switching through
redundant routes
SpW Node
SpW Node
(SpaceCube)
Flexible Topology
Each node can work as a router.
Bus
Star
Ring
Tree
Flexible network
configuration
Applicable for space-born equipments as well as
consumer devices for inter-components and modules
Munetaka UENO

Fairing
t Stage
11th BroadSky Workshop “Small Satellites, Big Possibilities”
[Launch System Innovation]
Conventional launch vehicles required a significant period of time and effort to launch.
Goal of Small Satellite Program of ISAS
With the Epsilon Launch Vehicle, launch systems are improved and simplified in order to
reduce time for launch preparation. This will make times to launch the shortest in the
world. Notably, the inspection of on-board devices will be done autonomously by the
launch vehicle itself, thus streamlining inspection on the ground. This advance will allow
More opportunities the of launch scientific control of launch vehicles missions
to be done anywhere in the world, simply by
KM-V2b
Third Stage Solid connecting a laptop computer to the network. This means having an ultimate launch
coupling with Epsilon rocket
Motor(KM-V2b) control system which is independent of launch sites. We believe that these innovative
concepts are a world first, and will be a role model for future launch vehicles.
Second Stage
Short term Avionics preparation
realizes very timely missions in science.
M-34c
Second Stage
Solid Motor(M-34c)
Keeping Researchers Highly Motivated through
Third Stage
Second Stage
Reaction Control
Encouraging System
Creation/Maturation of New Projects,
Resolving Technical Issues in Programs
Stimulating New Technology Research by Programs
Inviting a new scientific field into space activities
----- Important
philosophy of ISAS
First Stage
Payload
Compact Liquid
Propulsion System
Second Stage
Avionics
SRB-A
First Stage Solid
Motor(SRB-A)
/Epsilon Specifications
/Specifications
System Checkout Test of Epsilon the first Epsilon Launch Vehicle
Lengthm
Masston
Standard Configuration
Three-staged Solid
Propellant Launch Vehicle
24
91
Optional Configuration
Three-staged Solid
Propellant Launch Vehicle
Compact Liquid
Propulsion System
/Launch Capacity
LEO
1200kg
250km x 500km
700kg
500km circle
SSO
Munetaka UENO
−
450kg
500km circle