Zacharie Vincent

Zacharie Vincent
Life & Work by Louise Vigneault
Huron Chief
When Vincent was thirty-three he married Marie Falardeau, a twenty-year-old Iroquois
widow who had lost the two children from her first marriage. With Vincent she would go
on to have four more children: Cyprien, Gabriel, Zacharie, and Marie. Only two survived
into adulthood, Cyprien (1848–1895) and Marie (1854–1884), and neither left
descendants.
Vincent was named war chief in 1845 and played an active part in the life of the
Huron community. He devoted himself to painting, hunting, artisanal crafts (the
manufacture of snowshoes in particular), and jewellery making. He also acted as a
hunting guide for Quebec City residents, visitors, and soldiers from the British garrison.
5
“The Last of the Hurons”
Vincent’s decision to embark on an artistic
career seems to have been inspired by a number
of events, the most important of which was the
painting of his portrait by Antoine Plamondon
(1804–1895). Created in 1838, the painting
shows Vincent as a young man and is titled
Portrait of Zacharie Vincent, Last of the
Hurons. The art historian François-Marc Gagnon
explains that this work would have been seen at
the time as allegorical. It was created in the
immediate aftermath of the defeat of the
nationalists in the Rebellion of Lower Canada in
1837, also known as the Patriots’ War. The
portrait of “the last of the Hurons” was an
indirect expression of anger at the fate of the
French Canadians, whose society was also now
threatened with dissolution and extinction. The
Patriots saw themselves in their former Huron
allies and held them up as models of cultural
integrity.
Around this time the Huron nation was
also experiencing serious political instability. The
various measures the Hurons had undertaken
since the eighteenth century to defend their
territory had all ended in failure. The community
was now looking to other strategies in their fight
for survival: specifically, they were seeking to
preserve their ethnic identity and revitalize their
social and cultural life. As chief and “the last of
the Hurons,” Zacharie Vincent was part of these efforts, both symbolically and actively,
through his status as an example and role model and through the power of his artistic
production.
6
7
Antoine Plamondon, Portrait of Zacharie Vincent, Last of the Hurons, 1838, oil on canvas, 114.3 x 96.5 cm,
private collection
5