FINAL MAGAZINE III

SEMANTICS
INTRODUCTION
This project was made with a view to reinforce discussing during this class. By means
of the activities realized in this project as graphs, examples, exercises with other tools
helped me more learning.
In addition this project I’m helping myself how know and to use the system and other
tools as pixton, furthermore help me to develop a clearer the topics and to use them
properly.

SEMANTICS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
BIOGRAPHY
CHAPTER I
1. Introduction
2. Semantics
3. Dennotation and Connotation
4. Sentences, utterance and propositions
CHAPTER II
5. Prefixes and Suffixes
6. Collocations
7. Compound words
CHAPTER III
8. Pattern Verbs
CHAPTER IV
9. Connectors
CHAPTER V
10. Phrasal Verbs
SEMANTICS AUTHORS
THANKS
BIBILOGRAPHY REFERENCES

SEMANTICS
BIOGRAPHY
I was born in Cajamarca (Tolima) on
September 28, 1983; my parents are Valentin
Martínez and Ines Carranza. I’m an only
child. I finished high school in 2000, after that
I studied technical secretary so I graduated
from Sena in 2003.
I was engaged to Jair Rodriguez for one a half
year. Then we got married in 2005.
Actually we don’t have any children, but our
puppies are like our children (Rochy and
Sacha). We live In San Luis, is near to my
parent’s house, so we often visit them.
I’m in customer service at Colsubsidio, my
job is good but sometimes is hard. I like
listening to music, I love to travel, I like going
out with my family.
I’m studying English Teaching at Gran
Colombia University. I’m feel very good but
I need a lot of things for improving in my
future profession like a teacher.

SEMANTICS
INTRODUCTION
It was taken Web says: “a sub discipline of linguistics which focuses on the study of
meaning. Semantics tries to understand what meaning is as an element of language and how
it is constructed by language as well as interpreted, obscured and negotiated by speakers
and listeners of language”. It was taken from:
https://sites.google.com/a/sheffield.ac.uk/all-about-linguistics/branches/semantics/what-is-semantics
SEMANTICS
Semantics Guide 1rst says: “The
word mean, then, can be applied to
people who use language, i.e. to
speakers (and authors), in roughly
the sense of ‘intend’. And it can be
applied to words and sentences in a
different sense, roughly expressed
as ‘be equivalent to’. The first step
in working out a theory of what
meaning stands for, is to recognize
this distinction clearly and always
to keep in mind whether we are
talking about what speakers mean
or what words (or sentences) mean.
The study of semantics looks at
how meaning works in language,
and because of this it often uses
native speaker intuitions about
the meaning of words and
phrases to base research on.

SEMANTICS
MEANING = CONNOTATION
Is meaning simply
the set of
associations that a
word evokes, is the
meaning of a word
defined by the
images that its users
connect to it?
Depends on actitud’s
people associated to
relate. E.g. Child:
Youngster, little one,
kid.
MEANING = DENOTATION
It has also been suggested
that the meaning of a word
is simply the entity in the
World which that word
refers to. Specific – Proper
names, idea, concept. E.g.
Child: Person under 15
years of age.

SEMANTICS
PROPOSITION
It was taken Web says:
A proposition is a sentence
expressing something true or false. A
proposition is that part of the
meaning of a clause or sentence that
is constant, despite changes in such
things as the voice or illocutionary
force of the clause. E.g. The
common content of each of the
following utterances is a
proposition:
EXAMPLES
• Mike drank the beer.
• The beer was drunk by Mike.
• Did Mike drink the beer?
• Mike, drink the banana.
UTTERANCE
An utterance is the use of any piece of
language by a particular speaker on a
particular situation.
It can be in the form of a sequence of
sentences, a single clause, a single
phrase, or just a single word.
EXAMPLES
• Charlie walk with his girlfriend
Caroline
• Caroline said: “look at the clown
there”
• Charlie looked but he’s stumbled
ontowith garbage can and he fell on the
ground
Charlie: “Ouch”

SEMANTICS
SENTENCE
A sentence is a grammatically complete string of words expressing a (partial) complete
thought. A sentence can include words grouped meaningfully to express a statement,
question, exclamation, request or command. E.g.
• After studying, the boy speaks to
grandfather softly
- Grandfather : “I am sleepy”
It was taken from:http://wahyudiputra26.blogspot.com/2012/10/senteceutterance-andproposition_9.html

SEMANTICS

SEMANTICS
PREFIX MEANING EXAMPLE WORD
dis- not, opposite of disagree
in-, im- not incorrect, impossible
mis- incorrectly misunderstand
re- again redo (do again)
un- not uninteresting
under- below, lower, not enough underwater
Examples
• For me is impossible to travel tomorrow
• The math class is uninteresting
• The underwater was in the ocean
• My cousin misunderstand the message

SEMANTICS
COLLOCATIONS
It was taken Web says: Is two or more words that often go together. These combinations
just sound "right" to native English speakers, who use them all the time. On the other hand,
other combinations may be unnatural and just sound "wrong".
TYPES OF COLLOCATION
There are several different types of collocation made from combinations of verb, noun,
adjective etc. Some of the most common types are:
adverb + adjective: completely satisfied (NOT downright satisfied)
adjective + noun: excruciating pain (NOT excruciating joy)
noun + noun: a surge of anger (NOT a rush of anger)
noun + verb: lions roar (NOT lions shout)
verb + noun: commit suicide (NOT undertake suicide)
verb + expression with preposition: burst into tears (NOT blow up in tears)
verb + adverb: wave frantically (NOT wave feverishly)
It was taken from: https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/collocations.htm

SEMANTICS
COMPOUND WORDS
Retrieved from: All about Compound Words Semantics Class: A compound word is made
up of two words. Each word is able to stand by itself with its own meaning. The compound
word creates a new meaning.
COMIC
1. NOUN + NOUN
TROUBLEMAKER = someone who makes trouble
WORKPLACE = place where people work
2. ADJECTIVE + NOUN
BLACKBOARD = board with a black surface
3.VERB + NOUN
SWEARWORD = offensive word
PICKPOCKET = a person who steals money from other people’s pockets
4. PREPOSITIONS + NOUN
OVERDOSE = too much of a drug taken at one time

EXERCISES:
1. Match one word from each of the two columns to make a new word:
A
B
1. under room
2. straw ordinary
3. mush screen
4. handle ground
5. ear less
6. mid berries
7. every ring
8. bus down
9. extra bars
10. run fare
11. care body
12. wind night
2. A B
1. chest board
2. hand fast
3. card nut
4. fore some
5. bar board
6. cup gain
7. break head
Answers:
1. underground 2. strawberries 3. mushroom 4. handlebars 5. earring 6. midnight
7. everybody 8. busfare 9. extraordinary 10. rundown 11. careless 12. windscreen
2. 1. chestnut 2. handsome 3. Cardboard 4. forehead 5. bargain 6. Cupboard 7. breakfast

SEMANTICS
VERB PATTERNS
Retrieved from: Semantics Guide Class: In English we have many rules when it comes
to using two verbs together in the same phrase. Verb patterns are the way you are going
to use the second verb when it is dependent on the first verb. For example:
I like drinking green tea after dinner or I like to drink green tea after dinner
It was taken Web: http://www.slideshare.net/ici61/verb-patterns-in-english
There are different possible patterns. For example:
(a) I want to buy an electric car.
(b) I hate driving.
In sentence A, the first verb is followed by an infinitive.
In sentence B, the first verb is followed by a gerund (-ing) form.

SEMANTICS
INFINITIVES
Agree Decide leave Remember
Aim Deserve Like Say
Appear Detest Long Shoot
Arrange Dislike Love Start
Ask Expect Mean Stop
Attempt Fail Neglect Strive
Be able Forget Offer Swear
Beg Get Ought Threaten
Begin Happen Plan Try
Care Have Prefer Use
Choose Hesitate Prepare Wait
Condescend Hope Proceed Want
Consent Hurry Promise Wish
Continue Intend Propose
Dare Leap Refuse
Retrieved from Semantics Guide Eightg:
An Infinitive is a verb preceded by “to” that used as a subject, object or complement
of a sentence. E.g.

SEMANTICS
GERUNDS
Retrieved from Semantics Guide Eightg:
A Gerund is a verb ending in – ing that used as a noun, either as a subject, object or
complement. This definition may seem straightforward to those of us who are native
English speakers with an understanding of grammar.

SEMANTICS
EXERCISES
1. It was taken from Text it, Fix it, Kenna Bourke, (2006)
Answers Down: 1.Want 2. Prefer 3. Revising 4. Seeing 6. Enjoy. 8. Talking 11. Remind,
12. Laugh 14. Tie.
Answers Across: 5.Regret 7. Be 9. Hope 10. Relaxing 13. Give 15. Taking 16. Like.

SEMANTICS
2. Find and corret the mistake in each sentence.
Jacky decided resigning from her job.
................. to resign
a. I suggested to have a picnic at the weekend. ................. having
b. She made me to do all the washing-up and make the beds! ................. do
c. Tony always persuades me relaxing. ................. to relax
d. I can't drink coffee without to put three spoonfuls
of sugar in it.
................. putting
e. The lecturer let me to hand in my essay late. ................. hand in
f. We stopped having lunch because we were hungry. ................. to have
g. So, what do you advise me doing? .................. to do
h. Jill will never forget to lose her son in the shopping centre. …….......... losing
i. Please don't let me forgetting to post this letter. .................. forget
j. We all dislike to work here. The pay is terrible. ...................working

SEMANTICS
CONNECTORS
Retrieved from: Semantics Guide Class: Conjunctive words - also called connectors - are
words that link two similar elements in a sentence. The main categories of conjunctive
words are coordinating conjunctions, such as and or or, and subordinating conjunctions
such as if, so that, because or while. But it is also important to include conjunctive
adverbs. A small number of conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs can link individual
words or phrases; but the majority can only link two clauses.
EXAMPLES:
- He doesn't study much; however he gets good grades at school
- He spoke clearly, but I didn't understand him
- She had no experience; nonetheless she got the job
- He was a very good swimmer; even so, he drowned
- He can not speak very well; still he understands everything
- I dont want stay here; furthermore, I have things to do
- I don't want to sell my car; besides, I need it for my job
https://www.mindomo.com/mindmap/ad2725c66cb3494c815aeb2c65a267d3

SEMANTICS
ABANDONMENT DOGS
Abandonment dogs is a global problem, in our city is common now to see thousands stray
dogs out in the streets, I really think the problem Is unaware of the situation because when
we receive an animal, We must be responsible. Many people who buy puppies later decide
it is an inconvenience and get rid of them, there’s no way I can accept that because a dog is
a part of the family, It must love every day so we need to understand a dog isn’t a toy to be
played with a few times and then abandon it.
Would you feel the same way?
People say dogs are man's best friend I strongly believe that is truth. We must give back his
unconditional love, realize that is life form. The best solution of this situation could be the
adoption, I agree so when you adopt a dog you give it the opportunity of the new life, when
you rescue stray dog you win a friend it will always be grateful, commonly are only breed
and beloved.
In conclusion I could say that as human beings have a responsibility to care for these loyal
friends, we must also campaign against abandonment, little things (give them food, to build
a small shelter) to do everything we can to help them and someday there will be no stray
dogs.
There is much that we can do to achieve that goal. A dog is a only thing on earth that loves
you more than he loves himself.
Sandra Jazmín Martínez Carranza

SEMANTICS
PHRASAL VERBS
Phrasal verbs are usually two-word phrases consisting of verb + adverb or verb +
preposition. Think of them as you would any other English vocabulary. Study them as you
come across them, rather than trying to memorize many at once.
Retrieved from: https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/phrasal-verbs-list.htm

SEMANTICS
EXERCISES
It was taken from: Text it, Fix it, Kenna Bourke, (2006)
1. Find and correct the mistakes in the speech bubbles.
The captain came
up an idea with.
a.
The milk's gone off.
lt smells terrible!
.......with an idea...... ....... correct .......
b.
The building is unstable. They’re
c.
going to knock down it.
Joey takes his father after.
They've got the same eyes.
....... Knock it down ...... ....... takes after his father....
d. e.
I just don't know the
answer. I give up
Take off your jacket
make yourself
comfortable.
...............
....... correct ...... ....... correct .......

SEMANTICS
f. g.
I can't hear the music.
can you please turn up it.
Have you let the
dog out?
....... turn it up...... ....... correct .......
h. i.
We can't put this situation
up with any longer.
That's strange- Karen's
gone off somewhere.
.......put up with this situation...... ....... correct .......
j. k.
If you'd like to come and
see us, we can put you up
for the night.
How on earth are we
going to get this
problem round?
....... correct ...... ...... get round this problem….

SEMANTICS
SEMANTICS AUTHORS
JAMES R. HURFORD
JAMES R. HURFORD is the author of several books on linguistics and evolutionary
linguistics.
He is General Editor of Oxford Studies in the Evolution of Language.
He is also a member of the Research Unit in Language Evolution and Computation at the
University of Edinburgh where he is an emeritus professor.
He also helps organize the series of International Conferences on the Evolution of Language
Publications [edit]
2014 The Origins of Language: A Slim Guide
2011 The Origins of Grammar: Language in the Light of Evolution
2007 The Origins of Meaning: Language in the Light of Evolution [4]
1994 Grammar: a Student's Guide
1987 Language and Number: the emergence of a cognitive system
1983 Semantics: a Coursebook
1975 The Linguistic Theory of Numerals

SEMANTICS
SEMANTICS AUTHORS
BRENDAN HEASLEY
Semantics: a Coursebook 1983
Qualifications
BA in English & Philosophy (Trinity College Dublin)
Higher Diploma in Education (Trinity College Dublin)
MSc in Applied Linguistics (Edinburgh University)
Certificate of Advanced Studies in the Development and Management of English
Language Teaching (Lancaster University)
I have been teaching English for quite a long time now. In the early 70’s I began teaching
English as a Second Language in a Zambian secondary school before transferring to a
teacher training college also in Zambia. I then moved on to teaching English for Academic
Purposes and also Applied Linguistics at Edinburgh University. From there I returned to
teacher training. After a number of years in teacher training I moved back to teaching
English for Academic Purposes. Over the years I have taught in these countries: Zambia,
Scotland, Philippines, Egypt, Burma, Indonesia, Hungary, Poland, Sultanate of Oman,
United Arab Emirates and now China.
It was taken Web:
http://www.nottingham.edu.cn/en/cele/people/staffprofile/brendanheasley.aspx

SEMANTICS
THANKS
Semantic’s project has been so important and helped me career. I would like to thank
my husband Jair Rodríguez because in all these years of marriage I have received
support him, his love and cooperation above all since I began studying At The Gran
Colombia University.
In spite of some oppositions We have always be home together. That is very important
to me.

SEMANTICS
BIBILOGRAPHY REFERENCES
https://sites.google.com/a/sheffield.ac.uk/all-about-linguistics/branches/semantics/what-is-semantics
http://wahyudiputra26.blogspot.com/2012/10/senteceutterance-and-proposition_9.html
Verbs and Tenses, Intermediate, Kenna Bourke, 2006
https://www.pixton.com/es/create/comic-strip/otmfwrdj
http://www.slideshare.net/ici61/verb-patterns-in-english
https://www.mindomo.com/mindmap/ad2725c66cb3494c815aeb2c65a267d3
http://www.nottingham.edu.cn/en/cele/people/staffprofile/brendanheasley.aspx
Semantics Guides – Teacher Mary Elen Niño