Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam, Navapur district Nandurbar

Journal of Research in Biology 


An International Scientific Research Journal 

ORIGINAL RESEARCH 

ISSN No: Print: 2231 –6280; Online: 2231- 6299 

Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam, 

Navapur district Nandurbar 

Authors: 

Jaiswal Dipak Shejule KB* 

and Kiran Ahirrao**. 

Institution: 

*Dept. of Zoology, 

Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar 

Marathwada University, 

Aurangabad, (Maharashtra 

State) India 

** Rani Laxmibai College, 

Parola, D-Jalgaon, 425111, 

India. 

Corresponding author: 

Kiran Ahirrao. 

ABSTRACT: 

Water is the primary need for all vital life processes. Water itself is an 

environment, which support large number of organisms. However, it is highly affected 

due to increased population, industrialization and unplanned urbanization that makes 

pure water scanty to human beings. Day by day, water bodies are being highly 

contaminated and are becoming biological deserts. At the same time, the quality of 

standing water is becoming more and more unfit for humankind due to unwise use, 

negligence and mismanagement. The quality of life is linked with the quality of 

environment, hence biological components of fresh water depend solely on better 

physico-chemical conditions, and therefore, analysis of physic-chemical parameters of 

water is essential. The present study was conducted at two different stations in the 

Rangawali Dam, from tribal area. Samples were collected between June 2007 and 

May 2009 on a monthly basis and evaluated quantitatively. The study carried out for 

two years included following physicochemical parameters of the water samples. The 

regional climate at the site of study is distinctly marked in to three seasons, namely 

Monsoon (June to September) winter (October to January) and summer (February to 

May). The physico-chemical parameters like Rain Fall , Atmospheric temp, Water 

temp, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Dissolved carbon dioxide, Calcium, Magnesium Chlorides 

and Sulphates were studied on seasonal basis, since the climatic changes seem to 

influence the ecological factors, and physicochemical parameters. 

Keywords: 

Physico-chemical parameters, freshwater Rangawali dam, Nandurbar. 

Email Id: 

drkiranahirrao@gmail.com 

Web Address: 

http://jresearchbiology.com/ 

documents/RA0352.pdf. 

Article Citation: 

Jaiswal Dipak Shejule KB and Kiran Ahirrao. 

Studies of physico-chemical parameters of water of Rangawali dam, Navapur district 

Nandurbar 

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658 

Dates: 

Received: 9 July 2014 Accepted: 17 Aug 2014 Published: 18 Mar 2015 

This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/ 

licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution and 

reproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 


An International 

Scientific Research Journal 

1648-1658 | JRB | 2015 | Vol 5 | No 2 

www.jresearchbiology.com

Shejule and Ahirrao 2015 

INTRODUCTION 

Freshwater biodiversity is the over-riding 

conservation priority during the International Decade for 

Action – ‘Water for Life’ – 2005 to 2015. Fresh water 

makes up only 0.01% of the World's water and 

approximately 0.8% of the Earth's surface, yet this tiny 

fraction of global water supports at least 100000 species 

out of approximately 1.8 million – almost 6% of all 

described species. Inland waters and freshwater 

biodiversity constitute a valuable natural resource, in 

economic, cultural, aesthetic, scientific and educational 

terms. Their conservation and management are critical to 

the interests of all humans, nations and governments. Yet 

this precious heritage is in crisis. Fresh waters are 

experiencing declines in biodiversity far greater than 

those in the most affected terrestrial ecosystems, and if 

trends in human demands for water remain unaltered and 

species losses continue at current rates, the opportunity 

to conserve much of the remaining biodiversity in fresh 

water will vanish before the ‘Water for Life’ decade ends 

in 2015. 

Water is the primary need for all vital life 

processes. Ever since the prehistoric times, man has been 

closely associated with water and the evidences of past 

civilization that all historic human settlements were 

around inland fresh water resources have proved it. 

Water itself is an environment, which support large 

number of organisms. However, is highly affected due to 

increased population, industrialization and unplanned 

urbanization that makes pure water scanty to human 

beings. Day by day, water bodies are being highly 

contaminated and are becoming biological deserts. At the 

same time, the quality of standing water is becoming 

more and unfit for humankind due to unwise use, 

negligence and mismanagement. Therefore, quality 

assessment of water is the most urgent need of the hour. 

It can be done either by monitoring the physico-chemical 

properties of water or by analyzing inhabiting biota. 

Since the problem of water pollution in India is very 

critical extensive studies are required to protect the 

natural and manmade water sources. 

The problem of pollution of water resources, due 

to the discharge of domestic and industrial wastes and is 

a great threat on the international scale. And for this, 

economical methods to assess water pollution are 

needed. Any impairment caused by pollution has its 

effect on the aquatic biota. Therefore, a continuous effect 

on the aquatic biota reflects the conditions existing in the 

aquatic environment and the data can be utilized for the 

monitoring of water pollution. 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 

Sampling method analysis: 

The present study was carried out to study 

physico-chemical parameters of Rangawali dam, 

Navapur, Dist-Nandurbar. In two years of study period 

2007-08 and 2008-09 data of rainfall was collected from 

the collector office District Nandurbar. Atmospheric 

temperature was recorded with the help of mercury 

thermometer. The water temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, 

pH, salinity, and dissolved carbon dioxide were recorded 

by using portable water analysis kit. 

These above-mentioned parameters were 

analyzed on the spot at selected stations one and one, 

soon after collecting the samples at fixed date and during 

6 A.M. to 8 A.M. The estimation of total calcium, 

magnesium, sulphates and chlorides were analyzed in the 

laboratory after immediately colleting samples. These 

parameters were measured in the laboratory by applying 

respective methods (APHA, 1998). For the analysis of 

physico-chemical factors, the surface water was collected 

from the fix spots of Rangavali Dam, every month 

between 6 A.M. to 8 A.M. on fixed date to avoid the 

fluctuation in the observations. The work was carried out 

for the period of two year 2007-08 and 2008-09. 

RESULTS 

The study carried out for two years included 

1649 Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658


following physicochemical parameters of the water 

samples collected at two stations. 

The regional climate at the site of study is 

distinctly marked in to three seasons, namely Monsoon 

(June to September) winter (October to January) and 

summer (February to May). The physico-chemical 

parameters were studied on seasonal basis, since the 

climatic changes seem to influence the ecological 

45.0°C. At Station-B, the range was 27.0°C to 42.2°C 

during monsoon, 18.1 to 32.5°C during winter, and 

25.7°C to 44.7°C during summer. 

Water Temperature (W.T.): 

The Water temperature was almost similar at 

both the sampling stations. Although the water 

temperature recorded was consistently lower than the 

atmospheric temperature. The Water temperature ranged 

factors, population densities and physicochemical between 19.2°C 31.1°C during 2007 - 2008. The 

parameters. 

Rainfall: 

During the present study, the total rainfall 

recorded during 2007 - 2008 was 571 mm. The annual 

range of rainfall was 00 mm to 132.9 mm during 2007 – 

2008. The seasonal analysis showed that it was at highest 

during monsoon and lowest during the summer. The 

range was 00 mm to 571 mm during 2007 - 2008. The 

details for rainfall during the study period are given in 

table 1 and 2. 

Atmospheric Temperature: (A.T.) 

The atmospheric temperature was almost similar 

at both the sampling stations, although a slight variation 

was seen since the stations were located at distance away 

(about 2 Km) from each other. The atmospheric 

temperature ranged between 17.20° to 45.7°C during 

2007 - 2008. The seasonal analysis has shown that at the 

station-A, the atmospheric temperature during monsoon 

ranged between 24.7°C to 31.05°C, during winter it 

ranged between 17.2°C to 25.5°C and during summer, it 

ranged between 22.3°C to 45.7°C. At Station-B, the 

range was 24.7°C to 31.4°C during monsoon, 17.2 to 

25.5°C during winter, and 22.2°C to 47.7°C during 

summer. 

The atmospheric temperature ranged between 

seasonal analysis has shown that at the station-A, the 

water temperature during monsoon ranged between 

22.8°C to 29.3°C, during winter it ranged between 

19.3°C to 23.1°C and during summer, it ranged between 

19.2°C to 31.0°C during year 2007 - 2008. At Station-B, 

the range was 22.7°C to 29.3°C during monsoon, 19.4°C 

to 23.2°C during winter and 19.3°C to 31.1°C during 

summer of year 2007 - 2008. 

The Water temperature ranged between 18.1°C 

to 31.5°C during 2008- 2009. The seasonal analysis has 

shown that at the station-A, the water temperature during 

monsoon ranged between 25.3°C to 31.7°C, during 

winter it ranged between 18.2°C to 23.1°C and during 

summer, it ranged between 23.7°C to 31.5°C during year 

2008-09. At Station-B, the range was 25.3°C to 31.6°C 

during monsoon, 18.3°C to 23.2°C during winter and 

23.1°C to 31.2°C during summer of year 2008-09. 

Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH): 

During the present study the annual range of pH 

varied from 6.7 to 7.5 At station-A it was maximum 

during monsoon (7.5) and minimum in summer (6.7) 

during 2007–08. At station-B, similar results were 

recorded. The seasonal analysis showed that at station A 

and B, the pH varied from 7.2 to 7.5 during monsoon, 

6.9 to 7.1 during winter, and 6.8 - 6.9 during summer 

18.1° to 45.0°C during 2008- 2009. The seasonal 2007 – 2008. The range was equally narrow in summer 

analysis has shown that at the station-A, the atmospheric 

temperature during monsoon ranged between 27.0°C to 

42.2°C, during winter it ranged between 18.2°C to 

32.5°C and during summer, it ranged between 25.5°C to 

and winter (0.2) and wide in monsoon (0.3). 

The annual range of pH varied from 6.8 to 7.6 At 

both the stations. It was maximum during monsoon (7.6) 

and minimum in summer (6.8) during 2007–08. The 

Journal of Research in Biology (2015) 5(2): 1648-1658 1650


seasonal analysis showed that at station A and B, the pH 

varied from 7.5 to 7.6 during monsoon, 7 to 7.3 during 

winter, and 6.8 - 6.9 during summer 2008-09 

Dissolved Oxygen (D.O.) 

The annual range of dissolved oxygen varied at 

both the Stations varied from 6.7 mg/l to 13.7 mg/l 

during the year 2007-08. At Station-A, The season wise 

analysis showed that the Dissolved Oxygen was 11.1 to 

13.7 mg/l in the monsoon, 6.8 to 10.4 mg/l in the winter, 

6.7 to 6.9 mg/l in the summer. While at Station-B, The 

season wise analysis showed that the Dissolved Oxygen 

was 11.1 to 13.7 mg/l in the monsoon, 6.7 to 10.5 mg/l 

in the winter, 6.7 to 6.9 mg/l in the summer. 

The annual range of dissolved oxygen varied at 

both the Stations varied from 7.1 mg/l to 13.8 mg/l 

during the year 2008-09. At Station-A, the Dissolved 

Oxygen was 11.8 to 13.8 mg/l in the monsoon, 8.9 to 

10.6 mg/l in the winter and 7 to 8.2 mg/l in the summer. 

While at Station-B, was 11.6 to 13.2 mg/l in the 

monsoon, 9 to 10.6 mg/l in the winter, 7 to 8.6 mg/l in 

the summer. 

Dissolved Carbon Dioxide: 

The free Carbon Dioxide varied from 4.2 mg/l to 

7.7 mg/l in the study period of the year 2007-08. At 

Station A, the season wise analysis showed that free 

Carbon Dioxide was recorded in monsoon from 4.2 to 

5.7 mg/l, 4.7 to 5.2 in winter and 6 to 7.7 mg/l in 

summer. While at Station B, in monsoon 4.2 to 5.6 mg/l , 

4.6 to 5.2 in winter and 6 to 7.7 mg/l in summer. 

The free Carbon Dioxide varied from 4.2 mg/l to 

8.7 mg/l in the study period of the year 2008-09. At 

Station A, it is 4.2 to 6.1 mg/l in monsoon, 4.5 to 5.3 in 

winter and 6.2 to 8.7 mg/l in summer. While at Station 

B, in monsoon 4.2 to 6.1mg/l , 4.5 to 5.3 in winter and 

6.1 to 8.2 mg/l in summer. 

Calcium: 

During the present study, the annual range of 

calcium was 26.03 mg/l to 40.32 mg/l during 2007-08. 

The seasonal analysis showed that at Station-A the 

calcium ranged were 32.09 to 35.15mg/l during 

monsoon, 26.23 to 31.33 mg/l during winter and 34.21 to 

40.04 mg/l during summer. At Station-B,32.18 to 36.15 

mg/l during monsoon, 26.03 to 30.05 mg/l during winter 

and 34 to 40.32 mg/l during summer. 

In year 2008-09 at Station-A the calcium range 

were 33 to 36.1mg/l during monsoon, 27.06 to 33.21 mg/ 

l during winter and 32.04 to 39.15 mg/l during summer. 

And at Station-B, 33.04 to 36 mg/l during monsoon, 

27.03 to 34.15 mg/l during winter and 31.05 to 40.33 

mg/l during summer. 

Magnesium: 

During the present study, the annual range of 

Magnesium was 1.4 to 2.3 and 1.3 to 2.8 mg/l during 

2007-08 and 2008 09 respectively. The seasonal analysis 

showed that at Station-A the Magnesium ranged during 

2007-08 was, 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.5 to 2.3 

mg/l during winter, and 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during summer. 

At Station-B, 1.5 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.5 to 2.3 

mg/l during winter, and 1.4 to 1.6 mg/l during summer. 

The Magnesium ranged during 2008-09 at station 

-A was 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.9 to 2.8 mg/l 

during winter, and 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during summer and at 

station-B, 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during monsoon, 1.9 to 2.8 mg/ 

l during winter, and 1.3 to 1.7 mg/l during summer. 

Sulphates: 

During present study, the annual range of 

Sulphates in the water samples collected at station-A and 

station-B was 0.018 to 0.033 and 0.017 to 0.03 mg/l 

during 2007-08 and 2008-09 respectively. The seasonal 

studies in 2007-08 showed that for Station-A, Sulphate 

ranged between 0.02 to 0.033 mg/l in monsoon, 0.018 to 

0.02 mg/l in winter and 0.024 to 0.027 mg/l in summer. 

For station-B, Sulphates ranged between 0.03 mg/l 

during monsoon, 0.02 to 0.025 mg/l for winter and 0.027 

to 0.029 mg/l in summer. 

The seasonal studies in 2008-09 showed that for 

Station-A, Sulphate ranged between 0.018 to 0.033 mg/l 

in monsoon, 0.017 to 0.027 mg/l in winter and 0.025 to 



0.029 mg/l in summer. For station-B, 0.019 to 0.03 mg/l 

during monsoon, 0.017 to 0.027 mg/l for winter and 

0.025 to 0.028 mg/l in summer. 

Chlorides: 

The annual range of Chlorides in the water 

samples collected at Station-A was 57.11 to 75.15 mg/l 

and 57.11 to 75.44 mg/l during 2007-08 and 2008-09 

respectively. Seasonal studies of 2007-08 showed that 

for station-A, Chlorides ranged between 58.04 to 75.15 

mg/l in monsoon, 58.07 to 67.43 mg/l in winter and 

70.07 to 74.55 mg/l in summer. For Station-B, Chlorides 

ranged between 65.4 to 75.06 mg/l during monsoon, 

57.11 to 59.5 mg/l for winter and 63.33 to 71.17 mg/l in 

summer. 

In study period of 2008-09 studies showed that 

for station-A, Chlorides ranged between 65.4 to 65.06 

mg/l in monsoon, 57.11 to 59.5 mg/l in winter and 63.33 

to 71.17 mg/l in summer. For Station-B, Chlorides 

ranged between 65.04 to 75.44 mg/l during monsoon, 

58.16 to 60.05 mg/l for winter and 63.22 to 71.09 mg/l in 

summer. 

DISCUSSION 

The present study on Rangavali Dam from 

Nandurbar District, Maharashtra State, India, was carried 

out to find out their physico-chemical characteristics 

monthly variations of physico-chemical characteristic 

such as rainfall, temperature and the other factors such as 

pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide and some 

salts play an important role in the biology of the 

organisms and in aquatic environment. A sound 

knowledge of the factors help in understanding the 

complex processes of interaction between the climate 

and biological processes in water bodies. It is important 

to understand the water quality, fauna their dynamics and 

functioning of these ecosystems as well as the impact of 

increasing human activities on them for management of 

fresh waters and keep them in healthy state to changing 

environment sustain the future region. The quality of life 

is linked with the quality of environment, hence 

biological components of fresh water depend solely on 

better physico-chemical conditions, and therefore, 

analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water is 

essential. . 

pH is an important factor, which controls the 

chemical changes, species composition and the metabolic 

activities of living organisms inhabiting the water body 

The present result are similar and in agreement with 

those obtained in the investigation of ( Hutchinson 1957, 

Subba Rao and Govind 1964; and Avasti and Tiwari, 

2004). The higher values of pH in summer may be due to 

the utilization of bicarbonates and carbonates buffer 

systems/ According to Saran and Adoni (1984) during 

photosynthesis free carbon dioxide and bicarbonates are 

utilized and there is release of carbonates which increase 

the quantity of dissolved oxygen and pH. Pearsall 

( 1930) and Zafar (1966) ; observed that pH of the water 

appeared to be depended upon the relative quantity of 

calcium, carbonates and bicarbonates. The water is 

tended to be more alkaline when it possesses larger 

quantities of these ions (Zafar, 1966): “The pH level was 

not uniform during the study period, of 2007-08. In the 

summer months, pH value was low while it was inclined 

from spring to pre-monsoon towards alkaline pH. 

According to Das (1961), the decrease in pH during 

summer is due to decrease in water level, which 

increases the concentration of free carbon dioxide, 

released through by respiration of aquatic organisms, 

thus lower the pH. 

Seasonal variations in Dissolved oxygen content 

revealed maximum value during monsoon and minimum 

during summer for both years. The above observations 

were agreed with the finding of Singh and Raj (1999) 

and Md. Ilyas (2002). The lower values of DO in 

summer were probably due to high temperature 

evaporation and increased rate of decomposition of 

organic matter in water. The other reasons may be 

attributed to the biological processes such as oxygen is 



moderately soluble in water and solubility decreases with 

increase in temperature, increase in the various 

pollutants. The solubility of oxygen in pure water at 0 0 C 

is 14.6 mg/1. Whereas water usually contains about 8.0 

mg/1 of DO at room temperature. Muragawel and 

Pandian (2002 ) reported the existence of positive corelation 

between DO and water transparency, pH, 

phosphates and nitrates. 

The low value of the DCO 2 occurred mainly due 

to higher rate of utilization of carbon dioxide in 

photosynthesis while the higher carbon dioxide value 

may be resulted due to higher decomposition of organic 

matter (Mishra and Saksena 1991; Dwivedi and Sonar 

2004). Another reason for the fluctuations in the DCO 2 

level in the water may be, due to formation of carbonic 

acid in water which dissociates into H + - 

and HCO 3 ions 

which brings a change in the pH of water as hydrogen 

- 

ions are set free and HCO 3 react with calcium to from 

calcium carbonate insoluble in water. This phenomenon 

explains that how concentration of carbon dioxide in 

-, 

water limits pH and concentrations of HCO 3 CO - 3 , and 

CO 2 (Ruttnerr, 1953). 

Calcium is essential for all organisms, being an 

important cell wall constituent and regulates various 

physiological functions in animal too. The calcium 

content was found to increase during the summer and 

decrease during the winter. Calcium is considered to be 

more important because it is an integral part of 

organismic tissues. It increases the availability of other 

ions. High calcium content in the sediment of the water 

bodies support the growth of mollusc. It is also required 

as a nutrient for various metabolic processes, and assists 

in proper translocation of carbohydrates and facilitates 

other ions(Wetzel 1975). Calcium plays an important 

role in various ways in the growth and population 

dynamics of freshwater and its fauna. It is considered as 

a basic inorganic element of algae and regarded as an 

essential nutrient for various metabolic processes 

(Ruttner, 1953). The calcium observed during the present 

study was in agreement with that of calcium in 

freshwater bodies suggested by Kaul et.al.(1980). 

Magnesium is required universally by chlorophylls 

bearing plants as it is the Mg-porphyrin component of 

the chlorophyll molecule and bearing a co-factor for 

various intracellular enzymatic transformations (Wetzel, 

1975), Magnesium, calcium and bicarbonates together 

cause alkalinity and in association with carbonates, 

sulphates chloride and magnesium cause hardness in 

water (Jain and Jain 1988). In the present study 

magnesium level was highest during winter and lowest 

during summer while Saran and Adoni(1984) reported 

maximum magnesium hardness during both the summer 

and winter seasons. 

Biological oxidation of reduced sulphur species 

to sulphates also increases its concentration. Rainwater 

has quite higher concentration of sulphate particularly in 

the areas with high atmospheric pollution. Discharge of 

agricultural runoff and domestic sewage in waters 

increase its concentration. Most of the salts of the 

sulphates are soluble in water as such, it is not 

precipitated. However, it may undergo transformation to 

sulphur and hydrogen sulphide depending upon the redox 

potential of the water, (Trivedy and Goel 1984). In the 

present study, sulphate level varied between 0.02 mg/1. 

The lowest level was noticed in winter where as in 

monsoon it was highest. The sulphates range was not so 

wide season Azwise as well month wise during the two 

years of study. The low concentration of sulphate in 

winter appears due to presence of higher phytoplankton 

population and domestic sewage. The present findings 

are, thus, in accordance with Sneha (1986) . High 

concentration of sulphate during monsoon might be due 

to surface runoff which brings more suspended soils 

along with organic and soluble salts ( Sneha, 1986; and 

Singh, 2000). 

A quality parameter of significance is the chloride 

concentrations. Chloride concentration in natural water 

results from the leaching of chloride from rocks and soils 



with which water come in contact. Agricultural, 

industrial and domestic waste waters discharged to 

revealed that the chloride in water bodies is within the 

permissible level and is suitable for portability. In the 

Table 1: Physico-chemical parameters and their Tests 

Sr. No. Parameters Tests 

1 Rainfall Data provided by collector office Dist. Nandurbar. 

2 Atmospheric Temperature Recorded by using Mercury Thermometer 

3 Water Temperature Recorded by using Mercury Thermometer dipping in surface water up to 10cm. 

4 pH Measured on spot collecting water samples by using portable water analysis kit. 

5 Dissolved Oxygen Measured on the filled itself with the help of portable water analysis kit 

6 Dissolved Carbon Dioxide Measured on spot by using portable water analysis kit 

7 Calcium Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.) 

8 Magnesium Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.) 

9 Sulphates Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.) 

10 Chlorides Measured in the laboratory by titrometric method (APHA, 1998.) with silver nitrate. 

Figure 1: Seasonal Changes in the physico-chemical parameters of Rangawali dam during the year 2007-08 

surface water are also source of chloride in the aquatic 

system. Chlorine in Free State, which is used as 

disinfectant, may be converted into chlorides or 

combined with organic matter to form toxic compounds 

(Adoni, 1985). Permissible limit of chloride level in 

portable water is 200 mg/l (WHO 1972) however, level 

up to 1000mg/l is safe for human consumption (IS 

10500, 1983). Results of the present investigation 

present study lower values of chlorides were observed, 

22.2 mg/l to 44.7 mg/l. The above finding are in 

agreement with Ganpati (1960); Zafar(1964); Prakash 

(1994); and Awasthi and Tiwari(2004). 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 

Authors are grateful to Shri B. V. Patil, Principal, Rani 

Laxmibai College, Parola, Dist-Jalgaon, for providing 



Dissolved 

O2 mg/lit 

S. 

No. 

Months 

Rain Fall 

mm 

Table:1: Physico-chemical Parameters of Rangawali Dam, Navapur, 2007-2008 

Atmos. temp°C Water temp°C pH 

Dissolved 

CO2 mg/lit 

Calcium 

mg/lit 

Magnesium 

mg/lit 

Sulphates 

mg/lit 

Chlorides 

mg/lit 

Stations A & B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B 

1 June-07 293 31.4 31.4 29.3 29.3 7.5 7.5 12.1 12.3 5.7 5.6 35.15 36.15 1.5 1.5 0.030 0.030 75.15 75.06 

2 July-07 674 29.3 29.0 27.5 27.5 7.5 7.5 13.7 13.7 4.2 4.2 34.04 35.05 1.5 1.5 0.030 0.030 70.56 72.21 

3 Aug-07 337 29.0 29.1 27.1 27.6 7.2 7.2 12.4 12.4 4.2 4.2 32.09 32.46 1.7 1.7 

0.030 

0.030 65.16 71.41 

4 Sep-07 158 24.7 24.7 22.8 22.7 7.2 7.2 11.1 11.1 4.2 4.2 32.72 32.18 1.6 1.6 0.020 0.030 58.04 65.40 

5 Oct-07 60 25.5 25.5 23.1 23.2 7.1 7.1 10.2 10.3 4.7 4.7 26.23 27.15 1.5 1.5 0.019 0.020 58.07 58.09 

6 Nov-07 00 23.2 23.2 20.3 20.3 7.1 7.0 10.4 10.5 4.7 4.6 26.41 26.03 2.0 2.0 0.020 0.020 58.16 58.04 

7 Dec-07 00 23.1 23.2 20.5 21.5 6.9 7.0 10.2 10.2 4.9 4.8 28.06 28.11 2.3 2.3 0.018 0.020 62.29 57.11 

8 Jan-08 00 19.6 19.5 19.3 19.4 7.0 7.1 6.80 6.7 5.2 5.2 31.33 30.05 2.1 2.1 0.020 0.025 67.43 59.50 

9 Feb-08 00 22.3 22.2 19.2 19.3 6.8 6.8 6.90 6.7 6.1 6.0 34.21 34.00 1.7 1.6 0.025 0.029 70.07 63.33 

10 Mar-08 00 28.1 28.1 25.1 25.4 6.8 6.8 6.90 6.9 6.0 6.0 35.11 34.24 1.5 1.5 0.024 0.029 71.31 70.04 

11 Apr-08 00 29.6 29.6 28.1 28.2 6.8 6.9 6.90 6.9 7.7 7.7 37.17 37.04 1.5 1.4 0.024 0.027 74.55 70.09 

12 May-08 70 35.7 35.7 31.0 31.1 6.7 6.7 6.70 6.8 6.8 6.7 40.04 40.32 1.5 1.5 0.027 0.027 72.08 71.17 



Dissolved 

O2 mg/lit 

S. 

No. 

Months 

Rain Fall 

mm 

Table:2 Physico-chemical Parameters of Rangawali Dam, Navapur, 2008-2009 

Atmos. temp°C Water temp°C pH 

Dissolved 

CO2 mg/lit 

Calcium 

mg/lit 

Magnesium 

mg/lit 

Sulphates 

mg/lit 

Chlorides 

mg/lit 

Stations A & B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B 

1 Jun-08 129 32.2 32.2 31.7 31.6 7.6 7.6 11.8 11.6 6.1 6.1 36.10 36.00 1.3 1.3 0.030 0.030 75.06 75.44 

2 Jul-08 224 30.3 30.4 29.1 29.2 7.6 7.5 12.0 12.0 4.3 4.3 35.42 35.05 1.4 1.4 0.028 0.030 72.21 72.15 

3 Aug-08 294 30.6 30.6 29.0 29.0 7.5 7.5 13.8 13.2 4.2 4.2 34.09 33.13 1.7 1.7 0.030 0.030 71.41 69.03 

4 Sep-08 600 27.0 27.0 25.3 25.3 7.6 7.6 12.2 12.2 4.3 4.2 33.00 33.04 1.7 1.7 0.018 0.019 65.40 65.04 

5 Oct-08 65 25.1 25.0 23.1 23.2 7.3 7.3 10.6 10.6 4.5 4.5 33.21 34.15 2.1 2.1 0.018 0.018 58.09 58.16 

6 Nov-08 00 23.0 23.2 21.0 21.5 7.1 7.1 10.4 10.3 5.1 5.2 28.04 29.40 2.8 2.7 0.017 0.017 58.04 58.40 

7 Dec-08 00 20.2 20.1 18.2 18.3 7.0 7.1 10.1 10.1 5.3 5.2 27.13 27.11 2.8 2.8 0.019 0.019 57.11 57.00 

8 Jan-09 00 20.3 20.5 18.3 18.9 7.1 7.1 8.9 9.0 5.3 5.3 27.06 27.03 1.9 1.9 0.027 0.027 59.50 60.05 

9 Feb-09 00 25.5 25.7 23.7 23.1 6.9 6.9 8.2 8.6 6.2 6.1 32.04 31.05 1.7 1.7 0.027 0.028 63.33 63.22 

10 Mar-09 00 27.8 27.8 25.2 25.7 6.9 6.9 7.6 7.6 7.5 7.5 37.07 37.16 1.5 1.6 0.025 0.025 70.04 70.43 

11 Apr-09 15 30.1 30.1 28.5 28.5 6.8 6.9 7.0 7.0 8.1 8.2 39.15 40.04 1.6 1.6 0.027 0.027 70.09 70.07 

12 May-09 37 35.0 34.0 31.5 31.2 6.8 6.8 7.1 7.3 8.7 8.2 39.03 40.33 1.3 1.3 0.029 0.028 71.17 71.09 



facilities and to Vice-principal Shri V. N. Koli for 

constant co-operation and encouragement. 

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