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Prototropic is a journal focusing on global discourse of contemporary architecture, urbanism, and critical issues of emerging tropical cities in the 21st century. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ® / COPYRIGHT © 2015 XMANIFOLD A.D.R.L.
Prototropic is a journal focusing on global discourse of contemporary architecture, urbanism, and critical issues of emerging tropical cities in the 21st century. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ® / COPYRIGHT © 2015 XMANIFOLD A.D.R.L.
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November 2015<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong><br />
Editor and Publisher: Dimitri Damiel Kim<br />
Produced by: XMANIFOLD A.D.R.L.<br />
New Inc.<br />
231 Bowery<br />
New York, NY 10002<br />
917-279-1931<br />
DISCLAIMER<br />
Publisher of this journal claims no responsibility for the opinion of its contributors. All Rights reserved.<br />
Reproduction in whole or part without prior permission is strictly prohibited. Every care has been taken during the<br />
production of the journal to ensure that all contents are correct at the time of printing. The publisher assumes no<br />
responsibility from any effects from error or omissions.<br />
MISSION STATEMENT<br />
To mitigate challenges and opportunities for emerging<br />
tropical and subtropical cities in the 21st century<br />
through open and provocative discourse and debate.<br />
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ® / COPYRIGHT © 2015 XMANIFOLD A.D.R.L.
KAZI K.<br />
ASHRAF<br />
METROPHILIA<br />
ARCHITECT, DHAKA, BANGLADESH + HONOLULU HI USA<br />
Ashraf is an architect, urbanist and architectural<br />
historian. Currently teaching history and theory,<br />
and urban design studios at the University of<br />
Hawaii at Manoa, he has taught at the University of<br />
Pennsylvania, Temple University and Pratt Institute.<br />
With a selected practice based in Dhaka, Ashraf<br />
has been engaged in an urban design activism for<br />
Dhaka and the Bengal delta. Ashraf has published<br />
widely. His publications include: The Hermit’s Hut:<br />
Architecture and Asceticism in India (UH Press,<br />
2013); Designing Dhaka: A Manifesto for a Better City<br />
(LOKA, 2012); special <strong>issue</strong> of Architectural Design<br />
“Made in India” (2007) that received the Pierre Vago<br />
Journalism Award from the International Committee<br />
CONTRIBUTORS BIO
BIO CONTINUED<br />
of Architectural Critics; and, Louis Kahn’s National<br />
Capital in Bangladesh (GA Edita, 1994). His articles<br />
and essays have appeared in the Architectural<br />
Review, Architectural Design, Journal of Architectural<br />
Education, RES, MIMAR and Economic and Political<br />
Weekly, and various publications. He is also<br />
working on two new book projects: Architecture is a<br />
Landscape Event and Metrophilia: Love and Loathing<br />
in the City.<br />
Ashraf is the coordinator of the Urban Design Action<br />
Group (UDAG) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He was a<br />
member of editorial board, “Journal of Architectural<br />
Education” (2008-10); editorial board, ARCC Journal<br />
of the Architecture Research Center Consortiums;<br />
and former advisory committee of The Doris Duke<br />
House, Honolulu. He has organized conferences for<br />
MIT, The Architectural League of New York, and the<br />
Doris Duke House.<br />
Ashraf received his Masters degree from<br />
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a PhD<br />
from the University of Pennsylvania.<br />
METROPHILIA BY KAZI K. ASHRAF
DIMITRI D.<br />
KIM<br />
XMANIFOLD A.D.R.L.<br />
ARCHITECT, HNL, LA, NYC, MUC<br />
Dimitri Damiel Kim is a founding member and<br />
principal of an independent and collaborativebased<br />
design studio, XMANIFOLD A.D.R.L. (Applied<br />
Design Research Laboratory) LA, NYC, HNL, MUC,<br />
a cross-disciplinary design and research initiative<br />
dedicated to speculative and curatorial practice in<br />
built environment, urbanism, and design. His most<br />
recent work includes authoring for the studio’s<br />
first monograph, “S.E.A.L. (Sea, Earth, Aether, and<br />
Landscape)”, design work for the 2011 Taiwan<br />
Tower Competition, curatorial work for architecture<br />
exhibition, “Revenant: the Undeath of Ideas in<br />
Architecture” (Honolulu 2013), and editorial and<br />
publishing work for biannual journal on tropical<br />
CONTRIBUTORS BIO
BIO CONTINUED<br />
architecture and urbanism, ‘<strong>Prototropic</strong>’ (NYC,<br />
November 2015). Prior to running an independent<br />
practice, Dimitri has previously worked with Greg<br />
Lynn, Elena Manferdini, Eric Owen Moss, Testa/<br />
Weiser, LAR/Fernando Romero in Los Angeles, KY<br />
International and Inform Design in Honolulu, MD Lab<br />
and Schmidhuber & Partners in Germany, and with<br />
MAD Architects, JPDA, Desbrisay & Smith in New<br />
York, on various speculative and built projects in<br />
architecture, design, and art installations. Dimitri’s<br />
work have been exhibited at the Pacific Design<br />
Center, Merchant Street Gallery, SCI-Arc Gallery<br />
in Los Angeles and in CoXist Gallery in Honolulu.<br />
Dimitri’s writings have been published in ‘PLAT’<br />
Journal for Architecture (Rice University), ‘Space<br />
Collective’, and ‘Abstract’ (Columbia University).<br />
Dimitri has previously taught and lectured in Los<br />
Angeles and Hawaii and have been an invited juror at<br />
Woodbury University School of Architecture, the New<br />
School in Parsons, Cooper Union, Pratt and Columbia<br />
University GSAPP in New York. He is currently an<br />
adjunct faculty of architectural technology at CUNY<br />
College of Technology.<br />
Dimitri Kim received a Master of Architecture<br />
(M.Arch) from SCI-Arc, Master of Science in<br />
Advanced Architectural Design (M.Sc) from Columbia<br />
University, and received a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA)<br />
in Design from University of Hawaii.<br />
HOUSE IS A DECORATED SHACK BY DIMITRI DAMIEL KIM
DAVID<br />
ROCKWOOD<br />
ROCKWOOD ARCHITECTS<br />
ARCHITECT, HONOLULU HI USA<br />
Rockwood established David Rockwood Architect in<br />
1984. His professional work includes architecture,<br />
urban, industrial, interior, furniture, and invention<br />
projects, has been exhibited at venues including<br />
the Buenos Aires Biennial, Princeton University, The<br />
Storefront for Art and Architecture in New York, and<br />
The Smithsonian Institution’s Archives for American<br />
Art in Washington, D.C., and has been published in<br />
journals including The Architect – R.I.B.A Journal,<br />
Architectural Design, Civil Engineering, Concrete<br />
International, Domus, Engineering News Record,<br />
GA Houses, GA Houses - Project, Ottagono, and<br />
Progressive Architecture.<br />
CONTRIBUTORS BIO
BIO CONTINUED<br />
Rockwood’s research is focused on building and<br />
transport materials, systems, and methods. He is<br />
currently developing inventions for a continuously<br />
variable transmission, an accelerating moving<br />
walkway, and a method of permanent composite<br />
fabric forming for concrete. Other recent research<br />
included design of an intelligent adaptive building<br />
skin done in collaboration electrical, mechanical<br />
and computer science faculty. Rockwood served as<br />
the Principal Investigator for University of Hawaii’s<br />
U.S. Department of Energy’s 2011 Solar Decathlon<br />
competition. He was recently named a Fulbright<br />
Specialist by the Fulbright International Institute of<br />
Education, U.S. Department of State.<br />
David Rockwood was educated at the University of<br />
Oregon and Princeton University. He is currently Full<br />
Professor and Director of the Construction Process<br />
Innovations Lab at the University of Hawaii at Manoa<br />
School of Architecture.<br />
TROPICAL CASE STUDY HOUSE BY DAVID ROCKWOOD
STEVEN<br />
SANCHEZ<br />
EMERGING VOICE<br />
ARCHITECT, SAN FRANCISCO USA<br />
Steven Sanchez is an architectural designer living<br />
and working in San Francisco. He previously worked<br />
for Perkins+Will, EFGH, Trachtenberg Architects, and<br />
currently a project designer for Stanley Saitowitz |<br />
Natoma Architects, Inc.<br />
Steven co-authored “6 Months After Graduation:<br />
Employment Status Report”, an attempt to capture<br />
the state of Columbia University’s 2012 Master of<br />
Architecture class in the first year of post-grad<br />
school life.<br />
CONTRIBUTORS BIO
BIO CONTINUED<br />
Steven obtained his Master of Architecture from<br />
Columbia University where he received the Lucille<br />
Smyser Lowenfish Memorial Prize and holds a<br />
Bachelors of Art in Architecture from the University<br />
of California, Berkeley where he graduated with High<br />
Honors and received the Rosanna Luis Scholarship.<br />
AAA FORRÓ (FOR ALL!) BY STEVEN SANCHEZ
RAUL C.<br />
SMITH<br />
FAÍSCAS<br />
ARCHITECT, RIO, BRAZIL + NYC USA<br />
Raul Corrêa-Smith is a Carioca who was born in<br />
New York, coordinator of Studio-X Rio, Studio Critic<br />
of Architecture and Urbanism at PUC-Rio and cofounder<br />
of Faíscas (www.faiscas.org).<br />
Raul worked for six years at Studio Daniel Libeskind<br />
(2005-11) in various projects in Asia, Europe and<br />
more recently in the development and coordination<br />
of the Vitra project, residential building in São Paulo<br />
to be opened in 2014 and that came as a consultant.<br />
Since 2009 serves as Adjunct Assistant Professor<br />
at GSAPP through a series of workshops focused on<br />
design visions for the city of Rio and is based on the<br />
CONTRIBUTORS BIO
BIO CONTINUED<br />
fundamental exchange of ideas through exhibitions<br />
and debates with people invested in the future of the<br />
city. He is coordinator of Studio-X Rio since 2011, a<br />
research lab, debates and exhibitions in downtown<br />
Rio, an initiative of Columbia University. In 2009 he<br />
founded the ‘Faíscas’, an initiative that works on the<br />
intersection between art and architecture seeking<br />
new forms of collaboration and interaction with the<br />
public. The exhibitions and installations ‘Supernova’<br />
in the 2nd Digital Culture Festival in ‘Circo Voador’<br />
(June 2012), ‘Central Futuros’ in 1st Digital Culture<br />
Festival in ‘Circo Voador’ (August 2011), ‘Central<br />
Futuros’ at Studio-X Rio (June 2011), ´Feito Pro Rio’<br />
at MAM-Rio (2010), ‘Imagination Vessels’ at Studio-X<br />
New York (2010), and ‘Faíscas Rio’ at the Cultural<br />
Center Maria Teresa Vieira, Rio (2009) to facilitate<br />
new imaginary space to the city.<br />
Raul Correa-Smith graduated in Architecture from<br />
the University of Michigan, and holds a Master<br />
of Architecture from the School of Architecture,<br />
Planning and Preservation (GSAPP), Columbia<br />
University with Honors for Excellence in Design.<br />
FLUID CITY BY RAUL CORREA-SMITH
LINDSEA K.<br />
WILBUR<br />
PLANETARY COLLECTIVE<br />
FUTURIST, HONOLULU HI USA<br />
Lindsea K. Wilbur, born and raised in the countryside<br />
of Hawai’i, is in training to be a philosopher-inouter<br />
space. Currently working on Earth as a social<br />
investigator, she is professionally curious about<br />
storytelling, culture creation, the lived experience of<br />
governance, and emerging technology.<br />
Following her inquiries into alternative governance<br />
systems, she’s gone from a network of underground<br />
tunnels beneath Paris to New York City’s MacArthur<br />
and Knight Foundation-funded Governance Lab to<br />
the deep playa at the Burning Man Art and Music<br />
Festival.<br />
CONTRIBUTORS BIO
BIO CONTINUED<br />
In August 2013, sponsored by Institute for the<br />
Future, she took Governance Futures Lab’s Social<br />
Inventors Toolkit across America with the Millennial<br />
Trains Project. Exploring what it means to do<br />
human-centered political design, she used this<br />
hands-on tool to explore citizen systems and futures<br />
thinking in 7 cities and regions: the Bay Area, Salt<br />
Lake City, Denver, Omaha, Chicago, Pittsburgh, and<br />
Washington, D.C.<br />
In 2014, she was invited to talk at TEDx event in<br />
Maui, where she presented her research on social<br />
invention and human-centered political design.<br />
She’s now a research affiliate at the Institute for the<br />
Future and the Hawaii Research Center for Futures<br />
Studies, in addition to serving as Resident Futurist at<br />
the Planetary Collective.<br />
HOT TROPICS BY LINDSEA K. WILBUR
IMAGE: Manhattan near Chrysler building, circa 1930s, NYC
Dimitri Damiel Kim | Honolulu + New York<br />
NEW EPICENTER(S)<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | NOVEMBER 2015
New Epicenter(s) | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim 20<br />
Old Epicenter, a prologue<br />
As globalization becomes normalized, the physical epicenters 1 of the old world: Rome, New York, London, Paris,<br />
and Tokyo, will wane its dominance and influence; like the end of an era, from empire to colonialism, from<br />
socialism to globalism; the mystique and glamorized fascinations of the wealthy, industrial, first-world will<br />
be homogenized across a new boundaries and find new hosts. Rapidly shifting economy, uneasy geopolitical<br />
landscape, and superfluous public consent and perception (of the old first-world), will give rise to a new, global<br />
civilizations under the fray of digital media, social currency, and ubiquitous technology.<br />
The Roman empire relied on shipments of grains from Egypt to feed the capitol; the empire of tea (Great Britain)<br />
would not have its treasured past time without the import of Earl Grey from China; the resource stricken<br />
epicenter depended on resource-rich serfdom nation to feed, fuel, and maintain their hegemony. But in the era of<br />
intellectual-capitol based economy, emerging nations compete with their former imperial and colonial rulers,<br />
now rivals. With relative control of their own natural resources and seeking fair share of other resources such<br />
as oil and steel, the newly industrialized nations like Brazil and China are demanding their independence,<br />
autonomy, and self-determination.<br />
After the physical foundations and facades of the old epicenters: roads, towers, and ports are firmly transplanted,<br />
the next evolution for these new cities will be the towards the establishment of their own contemporary or<br />
comparable, global culture and identity of their own. Therefore, art, fashion, design, consumerism, and etc, will<br />
become the new status quo, an initiation ritual, baptizing the new, first world.<br />
New Epicenter(s)<br />
Old cities are perpetually in the state of flux (decay and growth), with boom and bust economics, mass migration,<br />
and inevitable conflicts, the physically landlocked cities can only divide and re-develop. New cities are exploding<br />
and multiplying; like a teenager, kicking and screaming for their place at the table, the 21st century will be the age<br />
of emerging cities; the resource rich cities; the global, tropical, and sub-tropical cities.<br />
1. Indicated here as a common usage and term for center of human activity as<br />
opposed to the literal term for center of seismic activity on the earth’s crust
IMAGE: Remains of the capitol of Roman Empire, Roma, Italy
IMAGE: The new Shenzhen Stock Exchange Building, Guangdong Province, PRC
New Epicenter(s) | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim<br />
23<br />
Rapidly shifting economy, uneasy geopolitics,<br />
and superfluous public consent and perception,<br />
will give rise to a new, global civilization under<br />
the fray of digital media, social currency, and<br />
ubiquitous technology.<br />
From Island Kingdom To Metropolitan Islands<br />
From loose tribe of sea-faring mariners to unified island kingdom to colonial subject and statehood, the tiny<br />
archipelagos in the middle of the pacific ocean has gone through its share of trials and tribulations with all the<br />
spectacles and drama that included bloody naval battles to dynastic feud and political coup.<br />
Until recently, the island held a limited, global position and identity: an island tourist destination for<br />
honeymooners/vacationers and Hollywood’s tropical back lot for movies and TV shows.<br />
Then, little noticed and mostly ignored, industrial district known as Kakaako, located between downtown Honolulu<br />
and Waikiki, the center of tourism in Hawaii, began stowing in street artists, hedge entrepreneurs, and hipsters,<br />
kick starting the way for new urbanization and start-up boom (100% grass-roots). Soon, the buzz finally reached<br />
the owners (of Kakaako) and inner sanctums of Hawaii’s echelons of power, including Kamehameha Estate and<br />
Howard Hughes Corp. to take notes on the big ‘luaus’ 1 that was happening at where was essentially their scrap<br />
yard, prompting the inevitable real-estate boom in the island, the likes of which never seen before.<br />
Fast forward a few years later, the news of tech moguls, Larry Ellison and Mark Zukerberg buying major pieces<br />
of real estate around Hawaii, made it to New York Times and Wall Street journal, making it official, the advent new<br />
change in economic, social, and cultural ventures in Hawaii that began in Kakaako.<br />
1. Traditional native Hawaiian term for a feast with music and hula dancing. The<br />
term dates back to reign of King Kamehameha II, when he ended the religious<br />
taboo of separating the women from enjoying the feast with men. Luau is now a<br />
common term for backyard party
New Epicenter(s) | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim 24<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong>, the journey<br />
Perhaps it was my experience on the slopes of favelas in ‘Zona Norte’ and in the new strip malls of Barra da Tijuca<br />
in Rio de Janeiro that struck a lasting impression, exposing me to the complexity, progress, and universal beauty<br />
of tropical cities around the world; this journal or the “journey”, began 3 years ago, while I was sojourning in<br />
Hawaii. During this visit, I met, friended, and worked with local artists and movers & shakers of the island’s protocultural<br />
movement centered around Kakaako, including architect and entrepreneur Jason Selley, food truck and<br />
pop-up event start-up, Poni and Brandon Askew, Jasper Wong, the founder and organizer of the highly popular,<br />
global street-art event “Pow Wow”, local art and cultural patrons Larry and Matt Heim, and many others.<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong>, started as an aftermath of these unforgettable travels and encounters; to highlight pivotal ecology,<br />
potent players, stories, and creative output and diversity of the local population throughout emerging, tropical and<br />
subtropical cities around the globe.<br />
Mahalo and obrigato, from Williamsburg, Brooklyn NY, D.K., November 2015<br />
the 21st century will be the age of emerging cities;<br />
the resource rich cities; the global, tropical, and<br />
sub-tropical cities<br />
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ® / COPYRIGHT © 2015 XMANIFOLD A.D.R.L.
IMAGE: ‘Hang Loose’ with the children of favela in Tijucina, Rio de Janeiro.
Lindsea Kemp Wilbur | Honolulu<br />
HOT TROPICS<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | NOVEMBER 2015
Hot Tropics | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Lindsea Kemp Wilbur 28<br />
DON’T SPEAK<br />
HAWAIIAN TO ME<br />
LINDSEA WILBUR<br />
“You read about the<br />
Hawaiian Dream on<br />
an in-flight magazine.<br />
Immediately you were<br />
overcome, clutching<br />
at the glossy rag of a<br />
publication while longing<br />
to stand on the fertile<br />
land with bare feet...”<br />
...watch the sun undress behind the rolling hills<br />
extending into the sea, and wait for the moon to<br />
rise over the cliffs. You could sense the sand that<br />
feels only slightly warmer than the moist air, which,<br />
incidentally, smells like plumeria blossoms 1 . You<br />
felt you were destined to play in the Royal Coconut<br />
Grove 2 and drink the nectar of the gods. You yearned<br />
to get high on immortality, wake up alone at dawn<br />
to swim in a crystalline bay all to yourself and go to<br />
bed sandy, smoky, as if in a dream. A seduction took<br />
place a warm, fresh glow, making you hunger to<br />
know the secret of how this place exists.<br />
1. Common flower used in Lei making; wearing Hawaiian Plumeria under the ear<br />
is popular accessory for women in Hawaii.<br />
2. A picturesque courtyard on the front lawn of the ‘Royal Hawaiian Hotel’.
IMAGE: Illustrations from Hawaii’s tourism brochure, 50’s era
‘OLELO<br />
MOE’<br />
UHANE<br />
*Hawaiian Dream
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 12<br />
This dream is for romantics and lovers.<br />
Certainly the dream isn’t the sum of the colorful<br />
patterns of Hawaiian shirts, coconut bras and grass<br />
skirts alone. It’s not in the Pina Colada, or the Surfer<br />
on Acid. The boutiques of Waikiki teeming with<br />
Japanese tourists, those we can ignore all together,<br />
laugh at their circumstance. The accoutrements<br />
of hustle and bustle such as these have all been<br />
and will continue to be part of the Great Marketing<br />
image of a Paradise, and everyday life grows like<br />
fruit bearing vines in the cracks of the pavement; an<br />
American, homogenized culture sitting heavy like<br />
cheap fried food in the belly. But the dream-selling<br />
developers and real estate agents can sense it. The<br />
Hawaiian Dream is here (In the 80s, mostly, so was<br />
the real estate money).<br />
It overwhelms you, and you’re left to ask, how did<br />
this place come to be? How is it that some volcano in<br />
the middle of the Pacific ocean exploded in this exact<br />
spot? How did the birds survive, how did the soil<br />
get ground down from the spiky lava? How did the<br />
plants grow? This is paradise on Earth. This is the<br />
Hawaiian Dream.<br />
Hot damn, talk about freak volcanic eruptions and<br />
even freakier ornithological survival rates.<br />
Sitting on a jet plane to Waikiki, you read about<br />
Cook’s first impressions of Hawai’i, discovered—
IMAGE:“Visitors from Another World” by Herb Kawainui Kane
Hot Tropics | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Lindsea Kemp Wilbur 33<br />
goddess of love while working as a surveyor for the Royal Navy: “On the first day of December [1778] ... he<br />
recognized that he was raising the greatest of all the islands he had discovered: what the natives appeared to call,<br />
and Cook wrote, “Owhyhee.”<br />
By the next morning they were close in to the spectacular shore of massive cliffs, spines of land piercing into<br />
headlands, white streaks of great waterfalls tumbling into the white surf, more rivers emerging from deep valleys.<br />
Once inland, they saw ravines with thundering torrents, a landscape of mixed barrenness and fruitfulness, a<br />
pocked landscape rising slowly and then higher and higher to the summits that were snow-capped.<br />
Snow in the tropics!<br />
Another new discovery, another new paradox. Here, it seemed, was another rich land, and far greater in extent<br />
than even Tahiti. Through a telescope, thousands of natives could be seen pouring from their dwellings and their<br />
places of work, and streaming towards the cliff tops to stare out and hold aloft white strips of cloth as if greeting a<br />
new messiah 1 .<br />
Let me tell you a little something. When the ancient Hawaiians saw James Cook on the HMS Endeavor pulling into<br />
Kealakekua Bay, they hailed him as the lost god of war and wordplay, Lono. This god, according to legend, sailed<br />
away from Hawai’i into the blue Pacific, a horizon as distant as the cosmos, wracked by self hatred for killing his<br />
wife. The comparison to the god probably rang true to Captain Cook, a man high as a damn kite off his own thrusts<br />
into the wild unknown.<br />
Tales tell of opportunistic sailors spreading venereal diseases and feasting on pig until one of them died. The<br />
Hawaiians, realizing the mortality of the white man, knew the jig was up. History neglects to tell us of the mystical,<br />
perhaps Cook, channeling powers stronger than himself, had kava-induced visions of the future he was creating,<br />
of Waikiki’s high rises and luxury hotels, of the Hawaiian Dream and where exactly it would go. Of your ass on a jet<br />
plane cushion. We’ll never know. The spear entered his pearly flesh, and writ in history it appears as just another<br />
embarrassing mistake made by an ego-tripping business man. Meanwhile, driven by trade and economy,<br />
1. Richard Hough, ‘The Last Voyage of Captain Cook’
Hot Tropics | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Lindsea Kemp Wilbur<br />
34<br />
WHEN THE ANCIENT<br />
HAWAIIANS SAW JAMES<br />
COOK ON THE HMS<br />
ENDEAVOR PULLING<br />
INTO KEALAKEKUA BAY,<br />
THEY HAILED HIM AS THE<br />
LOST GOD OF WAR AND<br />
WORDPLAY, LONO... THIS<br />
GOD, THE COMPARISON<br />
TO THE GOD PROBABLY<br />
RANG TRUE TO CAPTAIN<br />
COOK, A MAN HIGH AS A<br />
DAMN KITE OFF HIS OWN<br />
THRUSTS INTO THE WILD<br />
UNKNOWN...<br />
RIGHT: “Death of Captain James Cook” by Johann Zoffany
Hot Tropics | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Lindsea Kemp Wilbur 37<br />
England methodically industrialized herself, and the New World colonies were in heated rebellion. Following Cook,<br />
came Captain Simon Metcalfe. He was an Englishman turned American, a mercenary willing to work for whoever<br />
or whatever would give him the highest profit. After taking the Eleanora and the more tender Fair American from<br />
the Pacific Northwest to China, a the while turning a decent profit on furs and exploring the fairness between<br />
Chinese thighs, he took a planned detour through the Pacific to stop in Hawai’i.<br />
Hawai’i was only beginning to take her first tastes of the West, forging the path that would cart missionaries,<br />
explorers, writers on giant treacherous ships, then cruise liners, and finally on jet planes. Half way over the<br />
Pacific, it’s a path you were well on your way to continue.<br />
To the Hawaiian tribe of Olowalu becoming acquainted with Metcalfe’s pale European skin, it tasted like canon<br />
balls. In this day it tastes more like high fructose corn syrup.<br />
Do you believe in paradise? What if Captains James Cook and Simon Metcalfe contracted a nasty case of<br />
dysentery and while they were shitting over the edge of the boat missed the pristine beaches and naked hula<br />
girls? Would you still be sipping Mai Tais next to an overweight couple from Texas, on your way to Waikiki, a<br />
foreigner seduced yet again by musk of the Hawaiian dream?<br />
Once a sleepy village on the dry plains near perfect surf break, Honolulu is what it is today because it possessed the<br />
only bay in the island chain that could bare entry to those deep hulled merchant ships. Thus was born Honolulu the City.<br />
Early Chinese immigrants built Chinatown soon after. Eventually you could buy a Hawaiian hooker there for a single nail<br />
Pay a visit to the Iolani Palace in downtown Honolulu, you’ll find the only royal palace in America where monarchs<br />
lived and ruled, a humble structure that Marie Antoinette’s would’ve loved to play “peasant girl” in.<br />
You can gaze at the office of the last ruling monarch of Hawai’i, King Kalakaua, known as the Merry Monarch.<br />
It’s equipped with one of the first telephones, overflowing with books. The king spoke fluent English and was<br />
the first ruling monarch in the world’s history to travel around the world personally, discovering continents,<br />
convening with philosophers and kings alike. He was received with honor in the courts of England and met—<br />
LEFT: Crowned Princess Victoria Kaiulani, 1891
Hot Tropics | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Lindsea Kemp Wilbur<br />
38<br />
ABOVE: King Kalakaua and his staff on the footsteps of Iolani Palace<br />
with the president of America often. A practical visionary, Iolani Palace was the first to boast electric lights<br />
and indoor plumbing. Six ancient kings ruled over a united Hawaiian people before the time of Kalakaua and his<br />
electric lights and Western philosophers. Long ago, when Hawaii was governed by many separate chiefs, it was<br />
written in the early Hawaiian legends a great warrior would unite the islands, and a light in the sky would indicate<br />
his birth. The prophecy was fulfilled: Hailey’s commit soared over the quiet beaches and coconut groves in 1758<br />
and, coincidence or not, King Kamehameha (meaning “the lonely one”) was born.<br />
By the time both Cook and Metcalfe had arrived, 20 year old Kamehameha was in the process of conquering the 9<br />
islands to replace the 9 separate warring chieftains. Thanks to western weapons, Kamehameha, in 1810, was able<br />
to conquer the islands. Was it a mistake now to have greeted Cook as the god of war?<br />
John Young and Isaac Davis, kidnapees from Metcalfe’s ship, joined Kamehameha as official advisors. Both from<br />
a small village outside of Leeds in the south of England, these advisors to the king were born worse than working
class. With nothing better to do, they jumped on a ship leaving home without a look back, worked their way up<br />
to managerial positions, only to find themselves curiously kidnapped and made chief advisor by a leader of nation<br />
only known to exist in the Western world a few years before. The going got weird.<br />
After the several generations of the Kamehameha dynasty, King Lunalilo, Kalakaua, and, finally, his sister, Queen<br />
Liliuokalani (meaning “flower of heaven”) ruled.<br />
The last princess of Hawaii set to take over the thrown from Queen Liliuokalani was Kaiulani (meaning “last<br />
hope”). The first monarch given European education, she not only knew the customs and history of Hawaii, but<br />
read literature and philosophy in several languages and was familiar with social graces of foreign courts. She was<br />
heralded for her exotic beauty. Her gentle spirit and cool grace won her Hawaiian and European admirers alike.<br />
Robert Louis Stevenson, during his many visits to Waikiki, would often sit wit her under their favorite banyon tree,<br />
talking long into the night light while Kalakaua’s electric lights illuminated the palace grounds.
Hot Tropics | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Lindsea Kemp Wilbur 41<br />
THE AMERICAN<br />
PERPETRATED<br />
HAWAIIAN CULTURAL<br />
GENOCIDE. YOU COULD<br />
FIND GENERATIONS<br />
OLD STONE A POI<br />
POUNDERS IN PAWN<br />
SHOPS. HULA WAS<br />
OUTLAWED, AND<br />
SIGNS HUNG AROUND<br />
CHILDREN’S NECK<br />
READING “DON’T SPEAK<br />
HAWAIIAN TO ME.”<br />
LEFT: Traditional Hawaiian Hula dancers, early 20th century
Hot Tropics | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Lindsea Kemp Wilbur 42<br />
Princess Kaiulani’s title taken, and Queen Liliuokalani’s reign cut short, the Hawaiian leaders were<br />
imprisoned in their own palace room by the American troops in the last years of the 19th century. Sugar<br />
cane plantation owners needed lower tariffs and guaranteed stability.<br />
So the annexation of Hawaii began and to this day, you can find the quilt Liliuokalani sewed while<br />
American guards stood with bayonets by the door.<br />
The Hawaiian monarchs lost their people’s land but saved their nation from the violence that surely would<br />
have occurred if they were to resist. The American military base was well established. Hawai’i was an<br />
asset America needed. The same year Hawai’i became a territory, a province in the American empire,<br />
Queens and Staten Island merge with New York City, voting machines were instituted in US federal<br />
elections, students at the UC Berkeley stole the Stanford Axe from Stanford University at the Big Game,<br />
the first woman was executed in an electric chair, Dreyfus got pardoned in Paris, and the paper clip was<br />
patented. Cue the American perpetrated Hawaiian cultural genocide. You could find generations old stone<br />
poi pounders in pawn shops. Hula was outlawed, and signs hung around children’s neck reading:<br />
“Don’t speak Hawaiian to me.”<br />
In 1959, 60 years after the death of the Princess “Last Hope”, Hawai’i became a state of America. In 1964,<br />
the U.S. business men cum politicians decided to pump up tourism in Hawai’i after the collapse of the<br />
sugar industry.<br />
Where is the Hawaiian dream now? You got off the plane and stepped out of the cab into Waikiki. The sun<br />
set behind perfectly curling swells. There are high rises with glass balconies, homeless men and women<br />
sleeping on their backs, bloated stomachs, tourists with plastic leis, mai tais, banyon trees housing<br />
chattering birds, lions roaring in the zoo... A potent energy concentrated in the land yields high real<br />
estate prices and a spiritual inebriation. Half drunk on mystical revelations weaving through the mature<br />
landscaping, a prostitute approached you:<br />
IMAGE: Lobby of the Royal Hawaiian Hotel
“Hey baby.”<br />
You stopped to ask, “How long you been here?”<br />
“Born and raised,” she responded, twirling her bleach blond hair in her long nailed fingers.<br />
“Where you staying?”<br />
“The Royal Hawaiian.”<br />
“Great choice. Believe me. I know every hotel like the back of my hand.”<br />
You left her to attend to business and entered the lobby of the Royal Hawaiian. You lose your breath. High ceilings.<br />
Pink columns. Ocean view. Light fixtures that dropped your jaw. Upstairs in the bathroom you took a hot shower<br />
and gazed out at the royal coconut grove, visions of King Kamehameha sitting with advisors John Young and Isaac<br />
Davis in deep discussion as trade booms in Honolulu. Faded in the elegance of the atmosphere for a second you<br />
felt, truly, just like a Royal Hawaiian. LKW<br />
Do you believe in paradise?… Would you still be<br />
sipping Mai Tais next to an overweight couple from<br />
Texas, on your way to Waikiki, a foreigner seduced<br />
yet again by musk of the Hawaiian dream?<br />
†. Hot Tropics, Lindsea Kemp Wilbur 2015
Kazi Ashraf | Honolulu<br />
METROPHILIA<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | NOVEMBER 2015
Metrophilia | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Kazi Ashraf 46<br />
LOVE OF THE<br />
HORIZON LINE<br />
KAZI ASHRAF<br />
“It is the year 2015. There<br />
is an unprecedented<br />
building boom in Hawaii.<br />
The construction of the<br />
new rail has just begun.<br />
The district of Kaka’ako †<br />
in Honolulu is brimming<br />
with youth, arts, new<br />
business, and chaos...”<br />
D. What is your perspective on all the changes that<br />
are taking place in Hawaii? 1<br />
K. I think this is a very interesting time. Some<br />
architects now describe it as a new Renaissance.<br />
The first time I came here some 12 years ago, I saw<br />
different things. I read a piece in the weekly “City<br />
Paper” that was titled “10 most ugly buildings in<br />
Honolulu”<br />
D. I think I do recall that article.<br />
†. In Hawaiian, means “dull or slow”; once heavily industrial and relatively<br />
unpopulated waterfront city, located between downtown Honolulu and Waikiki<br />
beach. The land is owned by various power players in Hawaii, including<br />
Kamehameha School, Office of Hawiian Affairs, and the state,<br />
1.As of 2015, 30 new high rise buildings are planned for Kakaako (with more on<br />
the horizon), including residential, commercial, and office towers according to<br />
Hawaii Community Development Authority, the agency in charge of planning and<br />
zoning in the area.
High-rise construction in Kakaako, Honolulu HI
Metrophilia | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Kazi Ashraf 48<br />
K. I was kind of stunned, after having lived in New York, Philadelphia, and Boston. I haven’t encountered media<br />
really taking a hard look at ugly buildings. The piece in the weekly made me think, is that the core of the<br />
conversation here? It was not a discourse, the conversation was about the ugliest building. And that was kind of a<br />
dark thing to think about.<br />
So I think the conversation is shifting with all the new things that are possibly happening right now, Kaka’ako<br />
especially, and other developments in town and with the rail projects slowly lumbering on. Whether it is a<br />
“Renaissance” and all that, I am not sure. But certainly, there is a new building momentum, but also along with it a<br />
conversation around it. I think interesting conversations are happening.<br />
I haven’t encountered media really taking a hard<br />
look at “ugly buildings”. Because that made me think,<br />
is that the center of the conversation here in Hawaii?<br />
Queen st., Kakaako, Honolulu HI
K. I am going to add something else. On the one hand, there is this conversation around the new developments,<br />
and as you know the rail projects have heated debates either way. Whatever the point of view is, it is a good<br />
debate, about the nature of the city, about the form of the rail projects and the stations, and the stations will be<br />
the new epicenter of developments and new loci of energy for the city. But before we cite Kaka’ako, or similar<br />
developments in town, especially the two towers of the Design Center that was completed 6-7 years ago… before<br />
claiming them as new Renaissance of sorts, we need to talk about them a bit more. Because these sorts of tall<br />
buildings as representatives of a building boom, as a new urban energy, I have a little question about these. Unless<br />
we are careful, just tall buildings by themselves, no matter how stunning they are, I am not sure how deeply<br />
effective they will be in the urban environment. At the end, they might look like a lot of ‘Titanics’ drifting around<br />
aimlessly in a sea of unremarkable-ness.<br />
D. Yes, despite all the boom and what it has created (sea of tall buildings), they are more or less unremarkable and<br />
doesn’t necessarily add value to the city. Time will tell if much of these additional buildings would have any lasting,<br />
positive effect on the island.<br />
I suspect negative.
Metrophilia | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Kazi Ashraf 50<br />
‘Artwalk’, a popular monthly community event, Chinatown, Honolulu HI
Unless we are careful, just tall buildings by<br />
themselves, no matter how stunning they are, I am<br />
not sure how deeply effective they will be in the<br />
urban environment. At the end, they might look like<br />
a lot of ‘Titanics’ drifting around aimlessly in a sea of<br />
unremarkable-ness...<br />
K. Well by themselves there may be something. What I am saying is that the tall buildings by themselves, however<br />
stunning they are, cannot claim to be a measure of contribution to the urban environment. I will say this in a<br />
different way. The city is a relentless battle between private profit making and civic obligations. We know that.<br />
It’s not news. And tall buildings are clearly the type where the profit making manifest. Formally, it is a visible<br />
representation of profit making and I am not against that. That is how the economy operates.<br />
The tall building versus the city. It has come down to that. I see this as a conflict that has not really been resolved,<br />
not only in Honolulu, not even anywhere in the world. Maybe in some degree Hong Kong was able to deal with it in<br />
a more resolved way, maybe Manhattan in its own way has dealt better with the conflict between what I would call<br />
“Metrophilia”, my term, a love of a city, a horizontal experience of the city, how I walk the city, how I engage with<br />
civic and urban offering, versus what I called “Phallophilia”! Yes, the love of things erect and a stands alone. So<br />
Metrophilia versus Phallophilia, and that is how modern city has come down to and that is an old debate and has<br />
not been resolved.
K. In Honolulu, as you walk by these huge parking garages, they are totally<br />
dissociated from street life. The Metrophilia involves the street. Tall buildings,<br />
in its kind of most basic way, doesn’t care about street, you drive into your<br />
parking garage and you go to your unit. Unless this is resolved via design,<br />
we are going to see this as a conflict.<br />
So that is how modern city has come down to and that is an old debate and<br />
has not been resolved.<br />
D. I think much of the intensities going towards the real estate<br />
developments in high rises are driven by financial speculations and short<br />
term profit and immediate discussion is needed to determine the long term<br />
impacts of these developments.<br />
K. Well first of all, I am not quite sure the total ramifications of new<br />
developments, centered around high-rises, I don’t know any complex<br />
being built, or any integrated as a district have been built, I think the whole<br />
thing is about high rises, so its impacts haven’t been discussed much. So<br />
are high rises are going to be the only discussion regarding economy and<br />
urban development?<br />
Are there other models that doesn’t include high-rises right away and<br />
that is something we need to discuss and that leads us to another topic<br />
which you have laid out that as the tilt of your journal itself, the tropic, the<br />
“tropical city.” I think the whole question of tropical city is key… because<br />
the kind of model of the city being reproduced in Honolulu, have been built<br />
elsewhere, like Dubai or Shanghai, so that’s one kind of model and that<br />
mode is generated by economy, and not quite driven by civic obligations.<br />
So going back, what kind of city Honolulu is, that is the question.
Metrophilia | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Kazi Ashraf 53<br />
“METROPHILIA”, MY<br />
TERM, A LOVE OF A<br />
CITY, A HORIZONTAL<br />
EXPERIENCE OF<br />
THE CITY; HOW I<br />
WALK THE CITY;<br />
HOW I ENGAGE<br />
WITH CIVIC AND<br />
URBAN OFFERING,<br />
VS, WHAT I CALLED<br />
“PHALLOPHILIA”!,<br />
THE LOVE OF<br />
THINGS ERECT AND<br />
A STANDS ALONE.<br />
Kakaako Skyline, Honolulu HI
Metrophilia | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Kazi Ashraf 54<br />
Commissioned graffiti art in Cook St., Kakaako, Honolulu HI<br />
D. Vladimir Ossipoff’s legacy played a significant role in the establishment of modern architecture authorship<br />
in Hawaii, do you feel that he’s work was an exception or has his influence crated a distinct imprint that is still<br />
relevant?<br />
K. Well definitely we have not encountered anyone of the stature of Ossipoff after Ossipoff. Although Ossipoff has<br />
designed mostly residences, and few civic and institutional buildings, he has produced a fantastic language in<br />
combining modern Hawaiian tropical and Asian traditions that have not been surpassed. So after Ossipoff, shall<br />
we say we have little to show? Well, there has been decent architecture, but they are not significant in the sense of<br />
Ossipoff nor have they taken on the challenges of our times.<br />
D. Its interesting because one of the project in this <strong>issue</strong> is David Rockwood’s tropical case study house. The TCSH<br />
Program (by Rockwood) challenges architects to build within limitation and opportunities of a tropical environment.<br />
It has always been my view that only real requirements for the design of a house in Hawaii is a roof and a floor. Yet
D. the vast majority of architecture in Hawaii are built with the same tradition and construction techniques used in<br />
cities with seasonal weather conditions<br />
Yet, despite his sensitivity to regionalism, Ossipoff did not embraced environment heartedly.<br />
K. Well Honolulu is not a small city. And it has many districts and neighborhoods and building types. I am sitting<br />
here in the neighborhood of Makiki, in a much older house, with a porch, lawn, lot of vegetation, lot like living in a<br />
pavilion. Which is what you want -- the pavilion type, as a building model for hot, humid, tropical places, because<br />
in a pavilion, you allow breezes to pass through, you have views, green vegetation. But that does not mean you can<br />
build a pavilion in all urban situations because of tighter lot sizes, parcels, and what have you, and therefore, its a<br />
challenge, which is what David is trying, which Ossipoff in a more sort of generous site and land was able to do in<br />
a beautiful way.
CAPTION<br />
HAWAII 1<br />
INSERT IMAGE OF A HULA<br />
GIRL IN GRASS SKIRT
CAPTION<br />
HAWAII 2<br />
INSERT IMAGE OF A SANDY<br />
BEACH WITH PALM TREES
Metrophilia | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Kazi Ashraf 58<br />
The challenge is when you are working on a tighter urban condition, how do you translate a pavilion in such<br />
situations, which has been the challenge and I don’t see any examples really that has taken that up.<br />
D. In regards to Honolulu within a global context, do you think that the perception of Hawaii gives an unrealistic or<br />
negative expectation about the city?<br />
K. Well that is an interesting question that could take different direction.<br />
D. Well the most common generalization about Hawaii is that it is an isolated island, beautiful, but devoid of any<br />
real city and lacks contemporary and modern conveniences.<br />
And these are some of the more milder speculations I have heard throughout the years.<br />
There was a recent, Chicago Tribune article, stating a similar view about Hawaii’s bid for Obama’s presidential<br />
library:<br />
“With no insult to Hawaii’s respect for the life of the mind, it’s fair to say that very few people go there in fierce<br />
pursuit of book learning.”<br />
K. Well that opens up a big question, whether it is geopolitical if you will or geographic location of Hawaii, we<br />
are one of the most isolated spots on the planet, but does that matter in our present day nature of mobility and<br />
connectivity, why does it matter?<br />
I don’t know if that is a problem of isolation, but I wouldn’t call it a negative connotation of Hawaii, but how<br />
Hawaii has been imagined, invented, connected, and circulated for the last hundred years or so, the present<br />
perception of Hawaii falls into that pattern, and that is the view of a landscape of paradise, and paradise is<br />
translated immediately, architecturally speaking, with a coconut and palm trees, and all that stuff, you know the,<br />
‘exoticization’ of the primitive.<br />
Homeless man in Kalakaua ave, one of the most heavily populated st. in Hawaii<br />
and favorite tourist spot*<br />
*Coinciding with the rise in real estate development and subsequent rise in cost<br />
of housing, homelessness is a critical problem in Hawaii. According to the State<br />
Department of Human Services, homelessness in Hawaii increased by 43% since<br />
year 2014.
the present perception of Hawaii falls into<br />
that pattern, and that is the view of society of<br />
paradise, and paradise is translated immediately,<br />
architecturally speaking, with a coconut and palm<br />
trees, and all that stuff, you know the, ‘exoticization’<br />
of the primitive.
†. Metrophilia, Kazi Ashraf 2015
K. That is a challenge.<br />
If you want Hawaii to be claiming a distinctive position in the community of cities, it is a dichotomy. Meaning that<br />
you want to be considered as another kind of a city, say like Singapore, that we are a major economic destination,<br />
etc. Whoever wants to deal with that city, whether planners, architects, or policy makers… how to make Honolulu<br />
distinctive and contemporary, and really understand city form, social equality, all that, no, that is missing in the<br />
conversation… not only missing in the conversation, but missing in the production.<br />
D. I think Hawaii should have a different PR then the one used for tourism.<br />
Thank you for your time and for interesting discussion.<br />
K. Mahalo (Thank you).<br />
I think the whole question of tropical city is<br />
key… because the kind of model of the city being<br />
reproduced in Honolulu, have been built elsewhere...<br />
IBM building designed by Vladmir Ossipoff, Kakaako, Honolulu HI
David Rockwood | Honolulu / Dimitri Damiel Kim | Honolulu + New York<br />
REFLECTIONS:<br />
CASE STUDY<br />
HOUSE PROGRAM<br />
TROPICAL CASE<br />
STUDY HOUSE<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | NOVEMBER 2015
Reflection: Case Study House Program | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim<br />
64<br />
HOUSE IS A<br />
DECORATED SHACK<br />
DIMITRI DAMIEL KIM<br />
“Agreeing that the whole<br />
matter is surrounded by<br />
conditions over which<br />
few of us have any<br />
control, certainly we can<br />
develop a point of view<br />
and do some organized<br />
thinking, which might<br />
come to a practical end † .”<br />
The original program for the ‘Case Study House’<br />
(1945-1966) 1 , organized by the Art and Architecture<br />
magazine, was perhaps a single most important<br />
intervention that attributed to experimentation and<br />
realization of some of the 20th century’s treasured<br />
modernist architecture and architecture of housing.<br />
While this event/phenomenon is considered an<br />
exception within the history of modern and American<br />
architecture, CSH program has never-the-less,<br />
became a highly influential, educational model for<br />
design and research of contemporary architecture.<br />
†. Case Study House Program, John Entenza, Art & Architecture 1949<br />
1. Out of 36 deigns that were proposed from the program, 26 were built,<br />
including Stahl House (pictured right), Eame’s House, and Chuey House
Case Study House No. XXII | Stahl House | PIERRE KOENIG, 1960
Reflection: Case Study House Program | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim 66<br />
Case Study House No. IX / Entenza House / EERO SAARINEN & CHARLES EAMES, 1949
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 48<br />
“…Perhaps we will<br />
cling the longest to<br />
the symbol of house<br />
as we have know it, or<br />
perhaps we will realize<br />
that in accommodating<br />
ourselves to a new world<br />
the most important step<br />
in avoiding retrogression<br />
into the old”<br />
After nearly 65 years later, legacy of the Case Study<br />
House has become a mere fable; a history lesson<br />
told to the younger generation of architects of how<br />
good the Woodstock really was and that there will<br />
never be another one like it. However unprecedented<br />
and idealized the CSH appears to be today, the<br />
original program, the vision and execution was<br />
rather practical 1<br />
The program outlined a set of rules for handful of<br />
select architects (friend and contemporaries of the<br />
editor John Entenza) to produce series of houses to<br />
be built in southern California for select<br />
CONTINUED ON PAGE 52<br />
1. The program espoused the “measurement of the average man’s living standards”,<br />
hence, practicality was one of the main requisite for all designs
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 51<br />
include sites beyond southern California to Arizona<br />
before finally ending in 1964.<br />
The project, whether built or not, was to be<br />
documented and published with full plans and<br />
details with the purpose of being built later or to be<br />
used as a model towards the design of other houses.<br />
The program also included the requirement for the<br />
housing to be affordable and the construction of<br />
the houses to be relatively easy and duplicable. At<br />
the end of the program, 36 prototype houses were<br />
created, with astounding 26 of them being built 2 .<br />
Whether it was the spirit of its time or perhaps it<br />
was mostly about collective expression of modernity,<br />
The CSH program did not include any specific<br />
consideration for climate as a requirement. At the<br />
time (or perhaps still is), the consensus among<br />
modernists’ and their proponent’s attitude toward<br />
climate and natural environment was primarily<br />
indifferent and if not, cold.<br />
However, did climate have any influence in the<br />
design of the case study houses? Was the moderate<br />
climate of Southern California a factor in the success<br />
(or ease) of the design?<br />
It is hard to argue that<br />
CONTINUED ON PAGE 55<br />
1. Foregoing of past traditions and embrace of “contemporary ideas”, including<br />
new building materials and styles were part of the program’s prescription<br />
2. Number of Houses in the series, including CSH No.17, 18, 20, 21 were followed<br />
by second variation of the previous house; the last 2 CSH houses were Apts.
Reflection: Case Study House Program | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim<br />
69<br />
AFTER NEARLY 65<br />
YEARS LATER, LEGACY<br />
OF THE CASE STUDY<br />
HOUSE HAS BECOME<br />
A FABLE; A HISTORY<br />
LESSON TOLD TO THE<br />
YOUNGER GENERATION<br />
OF ARCHITECTS OF HOW<br />
GOOD THE WOODSTOCK<br />
REALLY WAS AND THAT<br />
THERE WILL NEVER BE<br />
ANOTHER ONE LIKE IT<br />
Case Study House No. VIII / Eames House / RAY AND CHARLES EAMES, 1949
MOD<br />
ERNITY<br />
TROPI<br />
CANA<br />
LEFT: Downtown Honolulu HI | RIGHT: Hawaii Kai HI
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 52<br />
significance of the CSH program belongs to the<br />
modern discourse and history of modernity, but the<br />
bold attempt and sheer inventiveness of the program<br />
and its output, namely, the collectivization of design<br />
efforts and creation of projects as prototypes,<br />
crosses any traditions or pedagogy and deserves a<br />
further study and execution toward future discourse.<br />
Tropical Case Study House program and the design<br />
for Tropical Case Study House I (TCSH No. 1) by<br />
Rockwood, seeks a re-appraisal of the original CSH<br />
program, with expanded consideration towards local<br />
environment, culture, and climate.<br />
While the original CSH program focused on<br />
modernity as the determining factor for producing<br />
ideal architecture for the masses, Tropical Case<br />
Study House program is centered around unique<br />
living conditions of tropical residents. Accordingly,<br />
the TCSH No.I design seeks to adopt the design of<br />
indigenous tropical house 1 as a model for directly<br />
addressing the <strong>issue</strong> of tropical climate.<br />
CONTINUED ON PAGE 57<br />
1. The indigenous house by native Hawaiian people was built around sensitivity to<br />
local climate, environment, and culture, which included the use of open outdoor/<br />
indoor space (wall-less) and use of native plants and wild life for building materials
Reflection: Case Study House Program | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim<br />
72<br />
Tropical Case Study House No. 1 / Elevation / DAVID ROCKWOOD, 2015
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 55<br />
Whether it was the spirit<br />
of its time or perhaps<br />
it was mostly about<br />
collective expression<br />
of modernity, The<br />
CSH program did not<br />
include any specific<br />
consideration for<br />
climate as a requirement<br />
Case Study House No. 1 is driven by the need to<br />
minimize necessary elements in the design of a<br />
typical housing that requires insulation, barrier for<br />
heat/cold, and mechanical systems for heating and<br />
cooling in the summer and winter 1 .<br />
TCSH No.1 is a prototype for ideal built environment<br />
in tropical setting and TCSH program is more<br />
then just a different flavor of the original Case<br />
Study House program, but an impetus for further<br />
collectivization of avant-garde ideas in architecture<br />
of housing and its practical application towards the<br />
masses.<br />
1. Without the need for space and placement of additional elements for cold weather,<br />
the design of TCSH No.1 is built around open interior with removable/operable and<br />
louvered partition walls to maximize passive cooling for all year warm weather
Tropical Case Study House | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / David Rockwood 75<br />
TROPICAL<br />
CASE STUDY HOUSE<br />
DAVID ROCKWOOD<br />
The Tropical Case Study House Program is inspired by the Arts + Architecture magazine model. Houses will be<br />
designed by invited top architects, with each built by a client on a site of their choice. The indigenous tropical<br />
house provides a close fit with climate, culture, and environmentally friendly building practices. Unfortunately<br />
few indigenous houses remain, and most have been replaced by modern houses that use inappropriate<br />
materials, have high energy consumption, and do not fit cultural patterns. A properly designed tropical house<br />
can protect the occupants from the extremes of wind, sun, and rain, but at the same time connect them to<br />
the environment. One of the joys of tropical living are sitting in the shade, feeling the trade wind breeze, and<br />
contemplating the natural setting.<br />
The Tropical Case Study House Program seeks to provide the impetus for reinventing the tropical house, using<br />
lessons of indigenous architecture, and updating the designs to best fit the needs of contemporary life. Many<br />
desire some modern conveniences, and yet simultaneously to live more simply and with a closer connection<br />
to nature. This then is the challenge to the invited architects, to propose innovative design solutions best fitting<br />
contemporary cultural needs, exemplary building practices, and fit with the tropical climate. For the initial phase<br />
of the program, houses are proposed for construction in Hawaii. This will allow a tour program of the houses.<br />
Later houses may be built in other tropical locations.<br />
TCSH 1 Program
Tropical Case Study House | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / David Rockwood<br />
76<br />
The Tropical Case Study House program seeks to reinvent the tropical house, extending the pioneering work<br />
elaborated by Jane Drew and Maxwell Fry in their book Tropical Architecture of 1964. The authors cite specific<br />
strategies to provide comfort in dry and humid tropical zones, such as siting, typology, shading, and ventilation.<br />
Little research has since been conducted to extend these basic principles and finding solutions matching current<br />
needs for appropriate ways of living in relation to the tropical natural environment. Most contemporary tropical<br />
housing adapts designs used in other climate zones, resulting in the need to use mechanical space conditioning to<br />
provide basic comfort, thus isolating occupants from their surroundings. (continued)<br />
TCSH Sketch Study 2 / DAVID ROCKWOOD, 2015
Boettcher-estate’ residence by Vladimir Ossipoff, 1937; the house became a typical model for single family residence in Hawaii.
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE<br />
In contrast, the indigenous tropical house provides a<br />
close fit with climate, culture, and ecologically sound<br />
building practices. A typical indigenous house uses<br />
a large overhanging roof to protect the occupants<br />
from the extremes of sun and rain, a narrow floor<br />
plate, unrestricted plan, and open frame structure<br />
to maximize ventilation, and a raised floor to protect<br />
the building and occupants from ground moisture<br />
and flooding 1 . At the same time, indigenous houses<br />
open up to the environment and bring about a closer<br />
connection to nature.<br />
The design of Tropical Case Study House No. I sought<br />
to incorporate and evolve key features identified by<br />
Drew and Frey and as seen in indigenous houses.<br />
The floor of the house is raised above the ground to<br />
protect from groundwater and increase ventilation.<br />
Concrete piers act as an extension of the terra<br />
firma, and reduce to linear elements adjustable to<br />
varying topography.<br />
CONTINUED ON PAGE 68<br />
Indigenous Native Hawaiian Shack<br />
1. Tropical Architecture in the Dry and Humid Zones, Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew,<br />
Batsford 1956
Tropical Case Study House | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / David Rockwood<br />
79<br />
TCSH Sketch Study 2 / DAVID ROCKWOOD, 2015
Tropical Case Study House | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / David Rockwood<br />
80<br />
Little research has since<br />
been conducted to extend<br />
these basic principles<br />
and finding solutions<br />
matching current needs for<br />
appropriate ways of living<br />
in relation to the tropical<br />
natural environment.
TROPICAL CASE STUDY HOUSE I<br />
David Rockwood | 2015<br />
Exploded axo (Left) | Axonometric (Right)
Cross Section<br />
1 Steel Tension Rod<br />
2 Central Mast<br />
3 Suspended Canopy Roof<br />
4 Steel Brace<br />
5 Movable/Removable Exterior Walls
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 62<br />
The archetypal tropical house frame structure was<br />
minimized to erase the vertical boundary condition<br />
of the house, opening it to view, breezes, and nature.<br />
The structure is an “umbrella” form with a central<br />
mast and suspended canopy roof. Such a structure<br />
reduces the mass of vertical elements, and places<br />
the columns toward the center of the building.<br />
Stainless steel tension rod diagonal braces provide<br />
needed lateral load resistance while maintaining<br />
maximum transparency.<br />
Most contemporary<br />
tropical housing<br />
adapts designs used<br />
in other climate zones,<br />
resulting in the need to<br />
use mechanical space<br />
conditioning to provide<br />
basic comfort, thus<br />
isolating occupants from<br />
their surroundings.<br />
CONTINUED ON PAGE 77
Tropical Case Study House | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / David Rockwood<br />
85<br />
TROPICAL CASE STUDY HOUSE I<br />
David Rockwood | 2015<br />
Elevation Render 1
Tropical Case Study House | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / David Rockwood 86<br />
TROPICAL CASE STUDY HOUSE I<br />
David Rockwood | 2015<br />
Exterior Render 1
Floor Plan<br />
1 Master Bedroom<br />
2 Closet<br />
3 Master Bathroom<br />
4 Bedroom<br />
5 Bathroom<br />
6 Kitchen<br />
7 Dining Room<br />
8 Living Room
Tropical Case Study House | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / David Rockwood<br />
90<br />
The Tropical Case Study<br />
House Program seeks to<br />
provide the impetus for<br />
reinventing the tropical<br />
house, using lessons of<br />
indigenous architecture,<br />
and updating the designs<br />
to best fit the needs of<br />
contemporary life
TROPICAL CASE STUDY HOUSE I<br />
David Rockwood | 2015<br />
Interior Render
Tropical Case Study House | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / David Rockwood 92<br />
TROPICAL CASE STUDY HOUSE I<br />
David Rockwood | 2015<br />
Exterior Render 2
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 68<br />
The house is conceived as a modified pavilion type<br />
using a “porous” central core. Siding louvered doors<br />
allow the house to open for light and ventilation or be<br />
closed for security or during inclement weather.<br />
While many people desire some modern<br />
conveniences in their house, they will often wish to<br />
return to living modestly and simply. As a response,<br />
the house is made relatively small, and contains<br />
a limited number of spaces and technological<br />
devices. Overall, the design seeks to provide for a<br />
rich and connected, unfolding of life in the tropics<br />
using a minimum of means. Indeed, less may still<br />
be more.<br />
“A properly designed<br />
tropical house can<br />
connect occupants to<br />
the environment”<br />
END OF ARTICLE<br />
†. Tropical Case Study House, David Rockwood 2014
Raul Correa-Smith | Rio de Janeiro<br />
FLUID CITY<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | NOVEMBER 2015
Fluid City | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Raul Correa-Smith 96<br />
CONTRAST &<br />
CONTRADICTIONS<br />
RAUL CORREA-SMITH<br />
From an outsider’s<br />
perspective, Rio de Janeiro<br />
is a city of contrast<br />
and contradiction: the<br />
picturesque paradise of<br />
sandy beaches, natural<br />
landscapes, and beautiful<br />
women, inscribed in<br />
songs of Bossa Nova and<br />
samba...<br />
...set against the backdrop of endemic poverty,<br />
violence, rising metropolis, and future home of<br />
summer Olympic 2016, inseparably nestled between<br />
growing favelas † .<br />
D. How accurate or inaccurate is this view of Rio?<br />
R. An accurate view of Rio cannot be properly<br />
described within a sentence or two. It is undoubtedly<br />
one the most beautiful cities in the world, home<br />
to three of the largest urban forests 1 in the planet.<br />
I would also agree that Rio is indeed a city of<br />
incredible contrasts, both positive and–<br />
†. Favela, also spelled favella, a slum or shantytown located within or on the<br />
outskirts of the country’s large cities, especially Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. A<br />
favela typically comes into being when squatters occupy vacant land at the edge<br />
of a city and construct shanties of salvaged or stolen materials.<br />
1.The Tijuca Forest (“Floresta da Tijuca” in Portuguese) is a tropical rainforest<br />
in the city of Rio de Janeiro, claimed to be the world’s largest urban forest. It<br />
is located in a mountainous region, which encompasses the Tijuca Massif. The<br />
word Tijuca from the Tupi language means “marsh”.
Affluent, gated neighborhood of Barra da Tijuca in South Zones, Rio de Janeiro
What has been happening in the past decade or<br />
so in Brazil is exactly a great shift towards more<br />
equality, while in the US it is going in the opposite<br />
direction, the gap between rich and poor is<br />
increasing
Fluid City | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Raul Correa-Smith 99<br />
negative, but the positive outweigh greatly the negative. What always perseveres despite the hardships is people’s<br />
generosity.<br />
Rio suffered for decades with the loss of its status as capital and its economic importance to São Paulo, all of this<br />
while the military dictatorship’s greatest repression was in Rio, its cultural capital. It has only been a decade or so<br />
that Rio re-emerged from its slump. There is a lot of catching up to do, with major improvements to the city fabric<br />
and the need for a robust infrastructural system which can account for all residents equally, a nearly impossible<br />
task given the rate of growth the city has experienced during these stagnant decades, but that should be the goal<br />
ultimately.<br />
There are projects currently underway and mostly fueled by the upcoming Olympics that will greatly increase<br />
capillarity in our mass transportation system and will alleviate the commute times for the millions who live beyond<br />
the South Zone. The city should become more democratic as a result, more fluid. This fluidity of movement through<br />
the city is already happening in many of the favelas in the south zone, which have become destinations and<br />
have opened up new forms of exchange and dialog. So the city is moving in the right direction, becoming more<br />
accessible and healthy as a result. Of course the challenges are immense but it is a good start.<br />
D. Qualities such as apathy, indifference, and cynicism are boasted as trademarks of New Yorkers. You mentioned<br />
that in Rio, the people persevere through “generosity”. Is this the ideal, people’s trademark of Rio? And like New<br />
York, do you think the quality of the city of Rio (natural/built form, politics, opportunities, and etc) reflects directly<br />
to the qualities the people value?<br />
R. I don´t think there is a direct relationship to the qualities of the city, but surely there is a significant influence. I<br />
think the connection is more social and cultural. When people think of Rio de Janeiro the association which comes<br />
to mind is that of the postcard neighborhoods of the South Zone. But the population that lives in the South Zone is<br />
a small percentage of the total population who live in areas that are far from the beaches, nature and amenities of<br />
the South Zone, yet are kind and generous.<br />
Favela in North Zone, Rio de Janeiro
BARRA DA TIJUCA<br />
SOUTH ZONE<br />
RIO DE JANEIRO
Fluid City | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Raul Correa-Smith 102<br />
D. What are some of the biggest challenges facing Rio today?<br />
R. Providing all residents the same rights to the city, proper infrastructure to allow for a healthy urban life. From<br />
quality of education and health care to generous public spaces and quality of infrastructure which can attend to all<br />
equally, independent of location (be it the suburbs, the city center, the post-card neighborhoods of the South Zone<br />
and the more than one thousand favelas spread throughout the city).<br />
D. I think the growing income inequality which often directly translates to inequality in many outlets of the city you<br />
mentioned, is the epitome of our age. Do you think these challenges can ever be resolved?<br />
R. Certainly. What has been happening in the past decade or so in Brazil is exactly a great shift towards more<br />
equality, while in the US it is going in the opposite direction, the gap between rich and poor is increasing.<br />
D. I remember hearing about a colleague who was working in Mexico and she mentioned that she would do most<br />
of her work at local Starbucks because it was the only place near her apartment that had access to the internet.<br />
That brought up an interesting instance of how large scale infrastructural need such as access to the internet is<br />
met through globalization. Do you see this effect of globalization happening in Rio and is it mitigating/effecting the<br />
challenges of infrastructure in any way?<br />
R. In Brazil, internet access is not associated with global chains such as Starbucks. Internet access is wide spread<br />
here (even though services are expensive and not that reliable) and the use of smart phones is a fast growing<br />
market with more and more people having internet access through their cellphone.<br />
Shores of Ipanema in the South Zone, Rio de Janeiro
I WOULD ALSO AGREE<br />
THAT RIO IS INDEED A<br />
CITY OF INCREDIBLE<br />
CONTRASTS, BOTH<br />
POSITIVE AND<br />
NEGATIVE, BUT<br />
THE POSITIVE<br />
OUTWEIGH GREATLY<br />
THE NEGATIVE.<br />
WHAT ALWAYS<br />
PERSEVERES DESPITE<br />
THE HARDSHIPS<br />
IS PEOPLE’S<br />
GENEROSITY
TIJUCINA<br />
NORTH ZONE<br />
RIO DE JANEIRO
D. Will Rio ever be rid of favelas?<br />
R. Definitely and thankfully not. The mentality and attitude towards favelas has shifted positively towards an<br />
understanding that favelas are not bad in themselves. On the contrary, the social relations present in a favela are much<br />
more tightly knit than in the formal city. People know and help each other, their ties to the place are much more rooted.<br />
Favelas are places of rich cultural potency despite the organic and unplanned character of its urban infrastructure.<br />
D. So the word favelas, should really be used as term for type of community, rather than type of condition the<br />
people live in?<br />
R. That´s right.<br />
Favelas are places of rich cultural potency despite<br />
the organic and unplanned character of its urban<br />
infrastructure... word favelas, should really be used<br />
as term for type of community, rather then type of<br />
condition the people live in
Fluid City | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Raul Correa-Smith 107<br />
D. Niemeyer played a role in establishment of architectural authorship in Rio. Do you feel that he’s work was an<br />
exception or has his -work had any lasting impact?<br />
R. Niemeyer did not help establish architectural authorship, other than his own. I think his influence is incredibly<br />
relevant and present but it does not translate into a formal language that has evolved out of it. He opened up a<br />
range of possibilities through his work as he is indeed one of Brazil’s most important architects, but his legacy to<br />
the profession has not been one to spring out of it new talents. Niemeyer never taught architecture and as such did<br />
not have a significant impact on the generations which followed him.<br />
I don´t think there is a specific thread of architectural authorship which can describe architecture in Rio. The<br />
<strong>issue</strong>s at hand and their responses vary greatly.<br />
Street level view of Tijucina favela, Rio de Janeiro
Fluid City | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Raul Correa-Smith 108<br />
D. How would you describe the state of contemporary architecture in Rio in relations to your own work?<br />
R. We have been conducting a series of lectures called Nova Arquitetura Carioca (New Carioca Architecture) in an<br />
effort to map out some of the offices that are actively engaged and doing all kinds of projects throughout the city.<br />
These lectures help us to understand the diversity of work currently under way in the city, many projects which<br />
have not yet been completed but that will add a new layer to the urban character of the city.<br />
D. Columbia University have established their global ‘Studio-X’ program in Rio where you are an active member.<br />
Briefly describe their contribution to the discourse?<br />
When people think of Rio de Janeiro the association<br />
which comes to mind is that of the postcard<br />
neighborhoods of the South Zone. But the population<br />
that lives in the South Zone is a small percentage of<br />
the total population<br />
R. With spaces in Beijing, Istanbul, Mumbai, Johannesburg, Amman, São Paulo, Rio, and Tokyo, Studio-X’s main<br />
mission is to think about the future of cities. In Rio, it provides a progressive platform for collaboration and<br />
research through dialog between professionals, academics, students, citizens, entrepreneurs and decision<br />
makers from all over the world. A neutral and open space for exchanges and debates through an intense<br />
program of lectures, workshops and exhibitions, it has been located in the heart of the city center, at Praça<br />
Tiradentes, since 2011.<br />
Gondola view of Tijucina favela, Rio de Janeiro
†. Fluid City, Raul Correa-Smith 2015
D. What are some recent, notable activities at the Studio?<br />
R. Last year Studio-X Rio collaborated with ITDP Brazil (The Institute for Transportation and Development) and<br />
Transporte Ativo (a local NGO focused on non-motorized transportation) to develop a bicycle path network for<br />
downtown Rio, called Ciclorotas. We conducted several workshops with bicycle riders, and surveys counting<br />
the number and type of users on several streets in the downtown area, and measured street widths and vehicle<br />
speeds to determine the most appropriate implementation for this network of 33 kilometers. This is project became<br />
and exhibition and a booklet which was presented and embraced by the mayor, and it is being implemented by the<br />
city. This is a crucial project to ensure more capillarity and safety for riders to commute to the city without having<br />
to resort to a congested vehicle network. Mobility and mass-transportation are still among the most problematic<br />
<strong>issue</strong>s in cities and I think it will continue to be a critical <strong>issue</strong> for Rio as it gears toward the future.<br />
D. Thank you for sharing your thoughts.<br />
R. Obrigato<br />
This fluidity of movement through the city is<br />
already happening in many of the favelas in the<br />
south zone, which have become destinations and<br />
have opened up new forms of exchange and dialog<br />
Lapa, a popular district in North Zone, Rio de Janeiro
Dimitri Damiel Kim | Rio de Janeiro<br />
FAVELA QUE<br />
SAUDADE<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | NOVEMBER 2015
Favela que Saudade | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim<br />
114<br />
OURS IS THE<br />
NEIGHBORHOOD<br />
Popular culture and mainstream media has not been kind to favelas; films such as ‘City of God’ and ‘Elite Troops’ have<br />
consistently portrayed the Brazilian slum as a place of perpetual poverty, crime, and violence. To combat this limited,<br />
but dominant portrayal, the government of Brazil has increased police raids and drug crack downs in slums, as well as<br />
making efforts to potentially demolish and raze favelas. Without questioning the political, social, and economic needs<br />
to fix the slum, including stopping of violence and raising the standard of living for the poor, one should not dismiss<br />
the organic and highly social edifice of favelas that is almost never seen from the outside; shops, businesses, children,<br />
pets, and even tourists… there is life and vibrant communities in favelas, filled with dignity, creativity, and stout spirit<br />
of the people.<br />
Legal and illegal wires and cables connecting favelas with electricity and cable TV
Storefront shops in favela, Tijucina
Favela que Saudade | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim 119<br />
OPPOSITE: Barber shop in favela, Tijucina, Rio / Trampoline parklet, Tijucina
Interior view of a typical domicile in favela, Tijucina
Favela que Saudade | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Dimitri Damiel Kim 123<br />
OPPOSITE: People of favela, Tijucina, Rio / Children of favela, Tijucina
Corridors and street levels of favelas, Tijucina
†. Favela Que Saudade, Dimitri Damiel Kim 2015
Steven Sanchez | Rio de Janeiro<br />
AAA FORRÓ<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | NOVEMBER 2015
AAA Forró | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Steven Sanchez<br />
128<br />
TRIPLE A SPACE<br />
FOR ALL<br />
STEVEN SANCHEZ<br />
Currently in Rio, there is a large demand for AAA office spaces1 for new and relocating companies moving to the city.<br />
Consequentially, Rio De Janeiro’s office space has become the most expensive in Americas and the fourth highest in<br />
the world. Access to AAA spaces has become a privileged mechanism for the few and limits accessibility and mobility<br />
for the rest of local inhabitants. But what would it mean to give access to AAA spaces for everyone? What forms<br />
would it take and how would it increase accessibility, effect culture, and seed an environment that provides mutual<br />
infrastructure and amenities. This project seeks to use the current real-estate boom as a point of departure to reclassify<br />
AAA space and allow their amenities to be accessible to the full population.<br />
Programmatic scale and amplitudes with informal strategy map
PRE<br />
MIUM<br />
SPACE<br />
LEFT: Site charge plan | RIGHT: Organically intermixed programs in favelas
CONTINUED FROM PREVIOUS PAGE<br />
But in a city where space is always at a premium,<br />
what modes can we take and learn from within the<br />
existing culture. Looking at some of Rio’s existing<br />
spaces of business, leisure, and production, space<br />
is typically occupied to the max with overlapping<br />
program, infrastructure, and informal activity.<br />
The diversity of these overlapping conditions and<br />
relevant adjacency form an incredible cross section<br />
for vibrant communities, social interactions, and<br />
unique spatial conditions.<br />
Seeking to re-appropriate this phenomenon for the<br />
project site in Barra, AAA Forró implemented an<br />
algorithm to test and maximize program and density.<br />
New spatial hierarchies and diverse ideas for<br />
program emerged, using variables of access, work,<br />
and play.<br />
How would AAA space<br />
increase accessibility,<br />
effect culture, and<br />
seed an environment<br />
that provides mutual<br />
infrastructure and<br />
amenities?<br />
CONTINUED ON PAGE 11<br />
1. Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) rating system for<br />
buildings that have high quality standard finishes, state of the art systems,<br />
exceptional accessibility and a definite market presence.
AAA Forró | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Steven Sanchez 132<br />
001
001<br />
AAA FORRÓ<br />
Steven Sanchez | 2015<br />
Programmatic scale and amplitudes with informal strategy maps
AAA Forró | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Steven Sanchez<br />
134<br />
AAA FORRÓ<br />
Steven Sanchez | 2015<br />
Informal architectural solution for section model
...diversity of these<br />
overlapping conditions and<br />
relevant adjacency form an<br />
incredible cross section for<br />
vibrant communities, social<br />
interactions, and unique<br />
spatial conditions.
CONTINUED FROM PAGE 6<br />
The conditions, therefore emergent and diverse; at<br />
one point small and isolated and at another a mixture<br />
and range of working types, spatial orientations<br />
and secondary relationships form a complex<br />
arrangement of program and open space.<br />
The project seeks to take advantage of these spatial<br />
ranges to provided equal access and infrastructure<br />
for Rio and to create a new condition of use, scale,<br />
and interaction not typically found in current<br />
business typologies.<br />
The goal of the project is to provide infrastructure<br />
and amenities to all types of businesses, including<br />
corporations, small companies, restaurants, bars,<br />
and small farms; to informally mix all aspects of<br />
daily life to provide emergent, spatial conditions and<br />
micro-cultural situations; to foster an environment<br />
of mutual gain and development for all the<br />
inhabitants of Barra 2 .<br />
2. Barra is short for Barra da Tijuca, a newly affluent, southern region that<br />
shares its borders with existing favelas or slum.
AAA Forró | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Steven Sanchez<br />
137<br />
AAA FORRÓ<br />
Steven Sanchez | 2015<br />
Site Charge Plan (Left) | Abstract spatial models showing overlap and connection conditions (Above)
AAA Forró | <strong>Prototropic</strong> <strong>0.1</strong> / Steven Sanchez<br />
138<br />
AAA FORRÓ<br />
Steven Sanchez | 2015<br />
Informal architectural solution for section model
†. AAA Forró, Steven Sanchez 2015
Acknowledgments<br />
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | NOVEMBER 2015
<strong>Prototropic</strong> † ISSUE <strong>0.1</strong> | Tales and Speculations under the Sun | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ® / COPYRIGHT © 2015 XMANIFOLD A.D.R.L.