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20 WARREN Bultmann, Rudolph. “πιστεύω, et al.” Edited by Gerhard Kittel, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Gerhard Friedrich. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. (TDNT). Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964. Deaver, Roy. “We Can Know That God Exists.” The Spiritual Sword 8.4 (1977): 40-43. Fenlason, Aaron C. “Belief.” Edited by Douglas Mangum, Derek R. Brown, Rachel Klippenstein, and Rebekah Hurst. Lexham Theological Wordbook. Lexham Bible Reference Series. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014. Garrett, Jeremiah K. “Knowledge.” Edited by Douglas Mangum, Derek R. Brown, Rachel Klippenstein, and Rebekah Hurst. Lexham Theological Wordbook. Lexham Bible Reference Series. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014. Kinnaman, David. You Lost Me: Why Young Christians Are Leaving Church…and Rethinking Faith. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 2011. Kreeft, Peter, and Ronald K. Tacelli. Handbook of Christian Apologetics: Hundreds of Answers to Crucial Questions. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994. Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene Albert Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1996. Mangum, Douglas. “Truth.” Edited by Douglas Mangum, Derek R. Brown, Rachel Klippenstein, and Rebekah Hurst. Lexham Theological Wordbook. Lexham Bible Reference Series. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2014. Nicole, Roger. “The Biblical Concept of Truth” Edited by D.A. Carson and John D. Woodbridge. Scripture and Truth. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1992. Ruby, Lionel. Logic: An Introduction. New York: J.B. Lippincott Company, 1960. Spicq, Ceslas, and James D. Ernest. Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994. Sztanyo, Dick. Graceful Reason. Vienna, WV: Warren Christian Apologetics Center, 2012. Twain, Mark. Following the Equator: A Journey around the World, chapter 12. No pages. Cited 1 August 2015. Online. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/2895/2895- h/2895-h.htm. Bart Warren, Master of Divinity from Freed-Hardeman University, preaches for the South Green Street Church of Christ in Glasgow, Kentucky.
KINGDOM, 3 (1), 21-24, 2015 Copyright © Freed-Hardeman University KNOWLEDGE AND FAITH IN THE PAULINE EPISTLES Isaac Bourne The Pauline Corpus can easily be characterized as the most influential writings of the New Testament, especially when it comes to the influence on normative Christianity. Paul touched on all areas of the Christian faith: salvation, ecclesiastical hierarchy, baptism, apostasy, spiritual gifts, etc. Paul’s epistles make up thirteen of the twenty¬-three epistles preserved in the New Testament, which is more than all others combined and is well ahead of the closest writer, John, who has four. As stated previously, much of normative Christianity looks to the Pauline Corpus in order to define what is “sound doctrine” (Tit 2:1; 2 Tim 4:3). In Paul’s writings, it is evident that the relationship one has with knowledge and faith are of extreme importance when it comes to the foundation and progression of his Christian walk. How does Paul view the relationship between knowledge, “γνῶσις,” and faith, “πίστις?” Is one dependent on the other? Can they co-exist independently? KNOWLEDGE The noun γνῶσις, “knowledge,” occurs 29 times in the New Testament with all but six of these instances coming from the writings of Paul (of those 23 occurrences, 18 are found in Romans and the Corinthian Correspondence). Defined, γνῶσις signifies comprehension or intellectual grasp, understanding, (Eph 3:19); the general knowledge of the Christian religion, (Rom 15:14; 1 Cor 1:5) and the deeper, more perfect and enlarged knowledge of this religion, such as belongs to the more advanced, (1 Cor 12:8; 13:2, 8; 14:6; 2 Cor 6:6; 8:7; 11:6) especially of things lawful and unlawful for Christians, (1 Cor 8:1,7, 10f). 96 The verb ἐπιγινώσκω, “to have a knowledge of something/someone,” is also present in the writings of Paul: (Rom 1:32; Col 1:6). This verb also means “to ascertain,” (Acts 23:28; 24:11) and “to come to understand/know,” (2 Cor 1:13; Acts 25:10). 97 For a deeper understanding Paul uses ἐπίγνωσις, “full knowledge/understanding,” which is found 20 times in the NT with fifteen of those found in the Pauline Corpus. This knowledge was precise and correct––used in the New Testament of the knowledge of things ethical and divine: absolute, (Phil 1:9; Col 3:10) with the genitive of the thing known, (Col 1:9; 2:2; Phlm 1:6) τῆς ἀληθείας, (1 Tim 2:4; 2 Tim 2:25; 3:7; Titus 1:1) τῆς ἁμαρτίας, (Rom 3:20) with the genitive of the person known; — of God, especially the knowledge of his holy will and of the blessings which he has bestowed and constantly bestows on men through Christ: (Eph 1:17; Col 1:10) the true knowledge of Christ's nature, dignity, benefits (Eph 4:13.) 98 Knowledge was an intricate part of the first century church. Paul even lists knowledge as a spiritual gift (1 Cor 12:4–11). It is interesting that knowledge would be needed in such a capacity as to be defined as a gift from the Holy Spirit. It is possible that the divine knowledge, which is only known through the Spirit of God (1 Cor 2:10–12), needed to be imparted by the Spirit so the logic of God could be understood in the infant church. It is apparent that there was a need for such enlightenment while the early Christians wrestled with the application of the doctrine of Christ in a mixed racial and cultural setting (1 Cor 8). Those granted this gift were to share it with the congregation to edify them. It had its limitations because it was temporary (1 Cor 13:8) and it is only a dim reflection lacking the clarity that would soon be received (1 Cor. 13:12). In this context, the reference to knowledge is clearly in regard to its being a miraculous, spiritual gift; however, this is not the primary usage of “knowledge” in the writings and theology of Paul. 96 Bauer, Walter, Frederick W. Danker, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. 97 Ibid. 98 Ibid.
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