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24 BOURNE the maturation and growth of our knowledge. The knowledge that has been revealed to mankind is limited. Even Paul, as an inspired apostle, acknowledged that the knowledge given to man is nowhere near the infinite knowledge of God (1 Cor 13:12). There are events that we know took place, even though we have never witnessed them (creation, virgin birth, resurrection, etc.). There are events we know that are going to take place (parousia, judgment, hell, heaven, etc.). Faith is built on knowledge, yet there are things we know solely on the basis of faith (2 Cor 5:7). BIBLIOGRAPHY Bauer, Walter, Frederick W. Danker, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. Brown, Colin, ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology. 4 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1975–1985. Clement of Alexandria. Stromateis 5. Ferguson, Everett. Church History Volume One From Christ to Pre–Reformation: The rise and growth of the church in its cultural, intellectual, and political context. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2005. Hawthorne, Gerald F. and Ralph P. Martin, eds. The Dictionary of Paul and his Letters. Downers Grove, Ill: InterVarsity, 1993. Kittle, Gerhard and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Translated by Geoffrey W. Bromiley. 10 vols. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964–1976. Silva, Moisés, ed. New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology and Exegesis. 5 vols. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2014. Tod, D. Macrae. Dictionary of the New Testament: The Apostolic Church. Vol 1. Edited by James Hastings. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1973. Wright, N.T. Paul and the faithfulness of God. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2013. Isaac Bourne (M.A. in NT) is a Graduate Assistant in Freed- Hardeman University’s Graduate School of Theology and he is a Minister at the Madison County Church of Christ in Jackson, Tennessee.
KINGDOM, 3 (1), 25-30, 2015 Copyright © Freed-Hardeman University FAITH AND REASON IN NON-PAULINE NEW TESTAMENT EPISTLES G. Clay Leonard Can faith and reason co-exist? From Aristotle’s “unmovedmover” to Kierkegaard’s “leap of faith,” the relationship between logic and belief, however contentious, is well established in the writings of some of the most notable thinkers of the last two millennia. As postmodernism grows increasingly prevalent in the common mind of the Western world, the very parameters of a discussion concerning faith and reason may become blurry. Is it true that the relationship between faith and reason is a myth that only exists when one views these constructs through the lens of Western Enlightenment? Further, is it true, as Ratzinger often emphasized, that Christianity succeeded due to its organic ability to synthesize faith and reason? 112 While one could argue that much of Christian thought is merely the amalgamation of the major streams from which it was born, namely the cultural and philosophical influences of first century Jews and Greeks, it is in the canon of the New Testament that we may observe the birth of Christian doctrine and philosophy. 113 While the corpus Paulinum accounts for much of the doctrinal development of the NT, the general epistles play a role as well. In the following study, I seek to understand how the non-Pauline epistles in the NT depict faith and reason and their intersection. 114 The primary methodology employed is the analysis of several Greek terms that convey the notions of faith/belief, knowledge/knowing, and logic/reason. As is the tendency with languages, several of the words considered here are derived from common roots. The following terms are considered, grouped together by their common roots: γινώσκω, γνῶσις, γνωστός, 115 οἶδα 116 , λόγος, λογίζομαι, and λογικός, all terms used to convey the idea of knowledge/ knowing or reason and logic. Terms that denote faith/belief/ believing include πείθω, πίστις, and πιστεύω. 117 OCCURRENCES BY LOCATION SEE CHART BELOW While the data is helpful, it is also limited. For example, a final tally shows that by a thin margin, there are more occurrences of reason/knowledge related terms than belief related terms. 118 What the data cannot show is how the terms are employed. Such is the case with faith in Hebrews. This concept is undeniably one of the more prominent theological themes in Hebrews, 119 but one would not (and probably 112 Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, Truth and Tolerance: Christian Belief and World Religions (San Francisco: Ignatius, 2004), 182–84. He states, “We can say that what turned Christianity into a world religion was the synthesis between faith, reason, and life.” 113 See Sarto’s discussion under the heading “Athens and Jerusalem.” Pablo Blanco Sarto, “Logos and Dia-Logos: Faith, Reason, (and Love) According to Joseph Ratzinger,” AThR 92.3 (2010): 499–509; here, 500–502. 114 The speeches of Peter in the book of Acts are also considered; they are found in the following locations: 2:14–40; 3:12–26; 4:8–12, 19–20; 10:34–43. 115 All three terms are derived from γινώσκω, an evolution of the primitive γνόω. 116 A perfect functioning as a present, it is originally from εἰδῶ, and is therefore closely related to sight/observation as a means of knowing or obtaining knowledge. 117 πίστις is derived from πείθω, and πιστεύω is derived from πίστις. In order to determine the occurrences of the selected terms in the selected texts, several resources were consulted. In addition to the traditional lexica (BDAG, LSJ), the following was extremely helpful, due to the ability to search for the occurrences of terms within the canon: Maria Pantelia, et al., eds. Thesaurus linguae graecae: A digital library of Greek literature. Rev.ed. Irvine: University of California, 2009. Online: http://www.tlg.uci. edu.ezproxy.fhu.edu. 118 As represented in the chart, total occurrences of belief related terms = 84, while reason/knowledge related terms = 105. 119 See for example Dennis Hamm, “Faith in the Epistle to the Hebrews: the Jesus factor,” CBQ 52.2 (1990): 270–91. Hamm demonstrates especially the christological development of faith as it is presented in Hebrews.
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Page 33 and 34: BOOK REVIEW 33 and deacons, were be

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