Lessons Learned from South Sudan Protection of Civilian Sites 2013–2016

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10 - Lessons Learned from South Sudan Protection of Civilian Sites UNMISS Protection of Civilian Sites (PoC Sites) General Situation Map Total IDPs under protection: more than 240,000 Wau • Primarily Nuer. • On 26 April 2014, IDPs sought protection at the UNMISS Wau compound, fleeing Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) fighting. • In 2015 UNMISS and humanitarians attempted to relocate IDPs to areas of their choice outside of Wau, but the Government stopped the relocation. Bentiu • Primarily Nuer. • On 18 December 2013 civilians began entering the UNMISS Bentiu to escape fighting. • In early April 2014, opposition forces captured Bentiu town following intense fighting and grave human rights violations. Fearing reprisal attacks, the number of Nuer civilians entering the PoC site swelled to 40,000 within six weeks. • The 2014 rainy season came early and stayed long – June to October. IDPs remained at the PoC site in horrific conditions, many areas were flooded in up to a meter of standing water. • Humanitarian donors provided USD 18 million to renovate and expand the UNMISS Bentiu PoC site, and by July 2015 the work was largely completed. • The 2015 rainy season came late and was short, allowing more ‘fighting time,’ and resulted in a huge influx. The number of IDPs at the UNMISS Bentiu PoC site increased from 40,000 to over 115,000. Abyei CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC NORTHERN BAHR EL GHAZAL Bentiu 115,014** UNITY WARRAP WESTERN BAHR EL GHAZAL Wau 202* Bor LAKES • Primarily Nuer. • Beginning 18 December 2013, IDPs sought protection at UNMISS Bor. • Control of the town changed hands several times between January and April 2014, and the composition of IDPs at UNMISS Bor PoC site changed accordingly. • On 17 April 2014, Dinka militias attacked IDPs located within the UNMISS compound. 47 IDPs were killed, dozens were injured and 2 were abducted. WESTERN EQUATORIA • UNMISS built a new PoC adjacent to the UNMISS base, and by October 2014 all IDPs had been relocated to the new site. • In 2015, UNMISS and humanitarians attempted to relocate IDPs to areas of their choice outside of Bor, but the Government stopped the relocation. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO
11 Melut • Primarily Nuer. • Current population of 664 individuals. • On 24–27 December 2014, Nuer IDPs were brought by the County Commissioner from Melut town and Paloich as tension rose between Dinka and Nuer security forces. Nuer forces departed the area to join the IO, leaving behind the vulnerable to seek refugee within Melut POC. Personal intervention of the County Commissioner brokered the safe passage into the PoC for the Nuer. SUDAN Malakal • The only mixed tribe PoC, with a population of Shilluk (80%), Nuer, Dinka and Darfuri IDPs. • On 24 December 2013, 20,000 IDPs entered the UNMISS base. Control of Malakal Town has changed hands a dozen times since the conflict began. • By July 2014, UNMISS and humanitarians had built a PoC adjacent to the UNMISS base. Nearly all IDPs were relocated immediately, however 3,500 Nuer IDPs remained within the base. They refused to move to the new PoC due to security reasons. • IDP population remained stable at 22,000 – from June 2014 until April 2015. In May 2015, the Shilluk Commander switched sides from Government to Opposition, and Shilluk civilians fled to the PoC to escape intense fighting. Malakal 47,020* / *** Melut 668* UPPER NILE • Between May and August 2015, the IDP population increased from 22,000 to over 47,000, resulting in the site becoming dangerously congested and vulnerable to disease, fire and inter-ethnic fighting. • On 17/18 February 2016, armed militia entered UNMISS Malakal PoC. 19 IDPs were killed and 108 were injured. None of the Dinka or Darfuri shelters were destroyed, but all Nuer shelters were burned to the ground as well as a huge swathe of Shilluk shelters throughout the PoC. All Dinka and Darfuri IDPs departed to Malakal Town before and during the fighting. 30,000 Shilluk and Nuer IDPs fled the PoC area, to seek protection further within the UNMISS base. They now live in horrific conditions. Humanitarians are rebuilding the site. ETHIOPIA Juba • Primarily Nuer. JONGLEI • Starting 15 December 2013, IDPs sought protection at two UNMISS bases, UNMISS Tongping and UN House. • By December 2014, all IDPs at UNMISS Tongping had been relocated to a prepared site adjacent to UN House called PoC 3. As of January 2016, there were approximately 20,500 IDPs at PoC 3. Bor 2,283** CENTRAL EQUATORIA EASTERN EQUATORIA • PoC 1 is located within the UN House base. This population poses a safety and security risk to UNMISS. As of January 2016, there were approximately 13,000 IDPs at PoC 1. • Figures for both PoC 1 and PoC 3 are estimates. The initial population came from Juba, but since April 2015, there have been new arrivals, primarily from the area formerly known as Unity State. Juba 27,983* KENYA * ** *** IOM biometric registration IOM population count UGANDA Malakal PoC biometric number includes approximately 4,000 IDPs that left Malakal PoC to Malakal Town after the clashes in the PoC on February 2016
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65 James Bor PoC Site 50-60 years o
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69 Mary Juba UN House PoC Site 25-3
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71 Six Men Wau Shilluk, a settlemen
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Lessons Learned from South Sudan Protection of Civilian Sites 2013–2016

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