THE CONDOM QUANDARY

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CBO: Community based organization Acronyms CDC: Center for Disease Control and Prevention FSW: Female sex worker MSM: Men who have sex with men MSW: Male sex worker NCAIDS: National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (China) MOH: Ministry of Health of the People’s Republic of China. In the reforms of 2013 the ministry has been dissolved and its functions integrated into the new agency called the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC). PSB: Public Security Bureau STI: Sexually Transmitted Infections UNAIDS: Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS UNDP: United Nations Development Program UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund WHO: World Health Organization 70
Acknowledgments This project was a joint collaboration between four Chinese community-based organizations, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) office in China, and Asia Catalyst. The research was a result of extensive consultation with Chinese sex workers who strongly articulated a need to identify and address policies that were affecting their right to health. The report was written by Asia Catalyst staff with editorial support from Andrea Worden. The four community partners designed the research focus, conducted all of the fieldwork, and reviewed the draft report. Asia Catalyst thanks the four community partners for their tremendous efforts in collecting the compelling data and testimony contained within this report, and to the individual sex workers who trusted us to tell their story. Asia Catalyst also thanks Joanne Csete, Adjunct Associate Professor, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health; Fu Hualing, Professor, Hong Kong University; Megan McLemore, Senior Researcher at Human Rights Watch; Anna-Louise Crago; Ruth Morgan Thomas, Global Coordinator at the Global Network of Sex Work Projects (NSWP); and Jonas Tillman, Consultant at the Chinese National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention (NCAIDS), and Julia Cabassi, Regional HIV Adviser, Asia and Pacific Regional Office of the UNFPA for reviewing the draft report and providing comments and input. We thank Marie-Claude Jean-Baptiste and the Cyrus R. Vance Center for International Justice, and TrustLaw, the global pro bono legal program of the Thomson Reuters Foundation, for invaluable legal research and advice. We also thank Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP for copy editing the early draft of the report, James Baum with Princeton for the photos for this report, and Stacey Mosher for translating the original draft from Chinese to English. Asia Catalyst thanks the UNFPA China office and the Embassy of France in China for supporting the research and publication of this report. 71
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THE CONDOM QUANDARY: A Study of the
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THE CONDOM QUANDARY: A Study of the
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Executive Summary The State allows
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in sex work also reported being sub
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6. Police searches and confiscation
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To the Ministry of Public Security
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Chapter 1: Introduction 10
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Furthermore, the sexual and reprodu
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Therefore, providing HIV services a
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Chapter 2: Methodology 16
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For those survey respondents who re
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Page 26 and 27: also constitutes arbitrary detentio
Page 28 and 29: momentum, many local governments ta
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 4: HIV, Condoms, and Public
Page 32 and 33: Table 2: Coverage of HIV services f
Page 34 and 35: National Condom-related Policies Pu
Page 36 and 37: Illegal Rental Unit, 1,000 Condoms
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 5: Key Findings and Discuss
Page 40 and 41: For survey respondents who experien
Page 42 and 43: For those who did not use condoms w
Page 44 and 45: Table 7: Consistent use of condoms
Page 46 and 47: ooms, sex work establishments, or a
Page 48 and 49: Having a large number of condoms in
Page 50 and 51: Other sex workers had similar exper
Page 52 and 53: Verbal humiliation: Seven interview
Page 54 and 55: We put condoms in several different
Page 56 and 57: Street-based sex workers said they
Page 58 and 59: These crackdowns always bring a tem
Page 60 and 61: Many small hotels, hostels and ente
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 6: The “Probative Value
Page 64 and 65: possession of condoms. In May 2014,
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 7: Conclusions and Recommen
Page 68 and 69: The 100% Condom Use Program, which
Page 70 and 71: To the National Health and Family P
Page 72 and 73: Glossary Key populations: (1) Gay m
Page 76 and 77: Annex 1: Best Practice on Meaningfu
Page 78 and 79: these communities to see beyond the
Page 80 and 81: Annex 2: Raw data from Table 3-8 in
Page 82 and 83: Table 7: Consistent use of condoms
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