Mature fields -Golfo San Jorge Basin- Jakarta2006
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ARTIFICIAL LIFT CONFERENCES<br />
21-22<br />
22 February 2006 – Jakarta, , Indonesia<br />
Artificial Lift in <strong>Mature</strong> Fields<br />
Case Study of the<br />
<strong>Golfo</strong> <strong>San</strong> <strong>Jorge</strong> <strong>Basin</strong><br />
Argentina<br />
By Marcelo Hirschfeldt<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training<br />
Patagonia Argentina
Outline<br />
• Argentina – Regional context<br />
- Oil & gas production history and distribution<br />
• <strong>Golfo</strong> <strong>San</strong> <strong>Jorge</strong> <strong>Basin</strong> (GSJB) – Introduction<br />
- Reservoir characteristics<br />
- Oil & water production trends<br />
•GSJB<br />
- Artificial Lift Systems<br />
- Sucker rod / PCPump / ESPump & others<br />
- Artificial lift evolution – Typical example<br />
•Lifting cost consideration & evolution<br />
• Conclusions<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Argentina – Regional context<br />
Argentina<br />
South<br />
America<br />
Buenos Aires<br />
GOLFO SAN JORGE<br />
BASIN<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Argentina- Regional context<br />
General Information<br />
Five productive basins<br />
Oil [bpd]: 649,240<br />
Gas [MMcfpd] 4,866<br />
Water [M bpd]: 5,015<br />
Water %: 90<br />
Active Oil Wells: 18,200<br />
35.5 bopd / well<br />
Active Gas Wells: 1,320<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
<strong>Basin</strong>s – Production distribution<br />
North-West<br />
Oil production - Mbpd<br />
300<br />
Cuyana<br />
250<br />
200<br />
42.8<br />
%<br />
43.4<br />
%<br />
Neuquina<br />
150<br />
100<br />
G. <strong>San</strong> <strong>Jorge</strong><br />
50<br />
2.2 %<br />
6 %<br />
5.8 %<br />
Austral<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Oil well distribution<br />
Cuyana<br />
5 %<br />
Austral<br />
Noroeste<br />
1.7 % 0.3 %<br />
Neuquina<br />
30 %<br />
<strong>Golfo</strong> <strong>San</strong><br />
<strong>Jorge</strong><br />
63 %<br />
Oil wells : 18,200<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Argentina - Production History<br />
Oil & Gas Production History (average per year)<br />
800<br />
4,0<br />
Cumulative oil Production<br />
Oil - M bopd<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
9,070 MM BO<br />
3,0<br />
2,0<br />
1,0<br />
Gas - MM cfpd<br />
0<br />
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000<br />
2020<br />
0<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Argentina – Oil Production<br />
6,000<br />
1,200<br />
5,000<br />
1,000<br />
4,000<br />
800<br />
Water - M bpd<br />
3,000<br />
2,000<br />
1,000<br />
<strong>Golfo</strong> <strong>San</strong> <strong>Jorge</strong><br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
Oil - M bopd<br />
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004<br />
2005<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Artificial Lift distribution<br />
PCP<br />
10 %<br />
1,824<br />
Natural<br />
flowing<br />
1.9 %<br />
351<br />
Gas lift<br />
1 %<br />
176<br />
Plunger lift<br />
0.8 %<br />
141<br />
ESP<br />
15.3 %<br />
2,787<br />
SRP<br />
Total oil wells : 18,200<br />
70.9 %<br />
12,901<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
<strong>Golfo</strong> <strong>San</strong> <strong>Jorge</strong> <strong>Basin</strong>
<strong>Golfo</strong> <strong>San</strong> <strong>Jorge</strong> <strong>Basin</strong> (GSJB)<br />
Comodoro<br />
Rivadavia<br />
First oil well drilled in<br />
Comodoro Rivadavia in 1907<br />
General Information<br />
Area [M Acre]: 28,000<br />
Oil [bpd]: 281,500<br />
Gas [MM cfpd]: 447<br />
* Water [M bpd]: 2,686<br />
Water %: 90<br />
Active oil wells: 11,467<br />
24.5 bopd / well<br />
° API (Type Escalante) 24<br />
Atlantic Ocean<br />
* All the water is injected<br />
2005 RIG Count<br />
Drilling : 30<br />
Wokovers: 65<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
145 miles<br />
Sarmiento<br />
94 miles<br />
Comodoro<br />
Rivadavia<br />
Caleta<br />
Olivia<br />
Las Heras<br />
Cañadón<br />
Seco<br />
Pico<br />
Truncado<br />
Cities<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
<strong>Golfo</strong> <strong>San</strong> <strong>Jorge</strong> <strong>Basin</strong> (GSJB)<br />
Sarmiento<br />
Comodoro<br />
Rivadavia<br />
Caleta<br />
Olivia<br />
Las Heras<br />
Cañadón<br />
Seco<br />
Pico<br />
Truncado<br />
Cities<br />
Oil <strong>fields</strong> distribution<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
GSJB- Reservoir characteristics<br />
• Enviroment of deposition<br />
• Fluvial and alluvial braided stream.<br />
• Reservoir rocks<br />
• <strong>San</strong>dstones<br />
• Multi layers (lens)<br />
• Since 30 Individual Reservoir in some<br />
wells<br />
•Traps<br />
•Tilted horst blocks, faulted anticlines,<br />
combination structural/stratigraphic<br />
stratigraphic<br />
• Stratigraphic pinchouts<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
GSJB - Reservoir characteristics<br />
South<br />
North<br />
West<br />
East<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
GSJB - Reservoir characteristics<br />
South<br />
North<br />
3,000 ft<br />
10,000 ft<br />
65 miles<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
GSJB - Oil and Water Production<br />
3,000<br />
500<br />
2,500<br />
450<br />
400<br />
Water - M bpd<br />
2,000<br />
1,500<br />
1,000<br />
350<br />
300<br />
250<br />
200<br />
150<br />
Oil - M bopd<br />
500<br />
Water<br />
Oil<br />
100<br />
50<br />
1999<br />
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Oil produced from Waterflooding<br />
60%<br />
50%<br />
40%<br />
30%<br />
20%<br />
10%<br />
0%<br />
1999<br />
40 % of oil production is from<br />
secondary recovery<br />
(waterflooding)<br />
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Water % evolution<br />
100%<br />
98%<br />
96%<br />
94%<br />
Water - %<br />
92%<br />
90%<br />
88%<br />
86%<br />
84%<br />
82%<br />
80%<br />
1999<br />
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Typical oilfield in <strong>Golfo</strong> <strong>San</strong> <strong>Jorge</strong><br />
• Finishing of primary stage (natural declination) and<br />
beginning of secondary recovery projects (water<br />
flooding)<br />
• High fluid flow rate extraction (in 51/2” casing)<br />
• High water % and oil production from secondary<br />
recovery<br />
• Complex fluids: corrosive, heavy oil, gas, sand and<br />
scale<br />
• Multitphaces fluids (Oil + gas + water)<br />
• Multilayer reservoir (from 3000 to 9000 ft) in the same<br />
well<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
GSJB - Artificial Lift Overview
Artificial lift & typical well completion<br />
SRP - 78 % - 8,989<br />
PCP - 11 % - 1,313<br />
ESP - 10 % - 1,125<br />
Gas Lift - Plunger Lift – Jet pump<br />
51/2” Casing (95 %)<br />
Vertical well<br />
Some directional<br />
wells<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Artificial Lift Evolution<br />
12,000<br />
Number of wells<br />
11,000<br />
10,000<br />
9,000<br />
8,000<br />
192 %<br />
135 %<br />
17 %<br />
Grows in<br />
the last 5<br />
years<br />
7,000<br />
S.Rod pumping<br />
Beam Pumping ESP PCP<br />
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Sucker rod pumping
Sucker rod pumping<br />
Surface<br />
• Conventional, MII & Air Balanced<br />
• Max Torque: 1,280 [M in.lbs]<br />
Long- Stroke Pumping Units- 300 ”<br />
The bigest MII in Latin America<br />
Pump off controler<br />
Sucker rod<br />
• Grade D: 1”-7/81<br />
7/8”- 3/4”<br />
Best practices & Innovations<br />
LUFKIN<br />
MII-1824-427-216<br />
ROTAFLEX<br />
Sucker rod “over size pin”<br />
SR ¾” - 7/8” pin / SR 7/8” – 1” pin<br />
High Strength Rods & special alloy<br />
TENARIS-Siderca<br />
Pumps<br />
• Insertable & Tubing pump : From 1 ½” to 3 ¼” diameter<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Sucker rod pumping<br />
12,000<br />
10,000<br />
400 bfpd<br />
• Pulling Job /well / year: 0.4 – 1.2<br />
Pump depth - ft<br />
8,000<br />
6,000<br />
4,000<br />
2,000<br />
5,400 ft<br />
0<br />
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000<br />
Flowrate fl - bfpd<br />
b d<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Sucker rod pumping<br />
Flowrate - bfpd<br />
Pump depth- ft Flowrate<br />
1,800<br />
1,600<br />
1,400<br />
1,200<br />
1,000<br />
800<br />
600<br />
400<br />
200<br />
0<br />
12,000<br />
10,000<br />
8,000<br />
6,000<br />
4,000<br />
2,000<br />
Summary<br />
• Numb of wells : 8,989<br />
• Average flowrate - bpd: 400<br />
• Average pump depth - ft : 5,400<br />
• Pulling Job /well / year: 0.4 – 1.2<br />
0<br />
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000<br />
Number of wells<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Progressive Cavity Pump (PCP)
Progressive cavity pump<br />
Drive head<br />
Best practices & Innovations<br />
• Direct & Right angle<br />
• Max. power : 75 Hp<br />
Sucker rod string<br />
Grade D : 1” 1 & 7/8”<br />
Hollow rods (PCP Rods)<br />
High Strength Rods & special alloy<br />
TENARIS-Siderca<br />
Downhole<br />
• Tubular & Insertable pumps<br />
• Single lobe<br />
• NBR & HNBR Elastomer<br />
High flow rate single lobe pumps : 500 bpd @ 100 rpm<br />
Downhole pressure & temperature sensor<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Progressive cavity pump<br />
8,000<br />
7,000<br />
6,000<br />
770 bfpd<br />
• Pulling Job /well / year: 1.0 - 1.4<br />
Pump depth - ft<br />
5,000<br />
4,000<br />
3,000<br />
2,000<br />
1,000<br />
0<br />
4,000 ft<br />
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000<br />
Flowrate - bfpd<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Progressing cavity pump<br />
Pump depht - ft Flowrate - bfpd<br />
2,000<br />
1,500<br />
1,000<br />
500<br />
0<br />
8,000<br />
7,000<br />
6,000<br />
5,000<br />
4,000<br />
3,000<br />
2,000<br />
1,000<br />
0<br />
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200<br />
Number of wells<br />
Summary<br />
• Num of wells : 1,313<br />
• Average flowrate - bfpd: 770<br />
• Average pump depth - ft : 4,000<br />
• Pulling Job /well / year: 1.0 -1.4<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Electric submersible pump (ESP)<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Electric submersible pump<br />
Surface<br />
Best practices & Innovations<br />
• Switchboards<br />
• Variable Speed Drive (VSD)<br />
Downhole<br />
• 456 series motors @ 5 1/2” casing<br />
Instalation under deepest perforations<br />
(51/2” casing)<br />
- 375 Series Motors with refrigeration shrouds<br />
- Recirculation systems<br />
= =<br />
= =<br />
ESP – Wood Group<br />
Recirculation Systems - CENTRILIFT<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Electric submersible pump<br />
12.000<br />
10.000<br />
1,300 bfpd<br />
• Pulling Job /well / year: 0.4 – 0.6<br />
Pump depth - ft<br />
8.000<br />
6.000<br />
4.000<br />
2.000<br />
6,500 ft<br />
0<br />
0 1.000 2.000 3.000 4.000 5.000<br />
Flowrate - bfpd<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Electric submersible pump<br />
Pump depth - ft Flowrate - bfpd<br />
4,000<br />
3,000<br />
2,000<br />
1,000<br />
0<br />
10,000<br />
8,000<br />
6,000<br />
4,000<br />
2,000<br />
Summary<br />
• Num of wells : 1,313<br />
• Average flowrate - bfpd: 1,300<br />
• Average pump depth - ft : 6,500<br />
• Pulling Job /well / year: 0.4 - 0.6<br />
0<br />
0 200 400 600 800 1,000<br />
Number of wells<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Other Artificial lift experiences<br />
Gas Lift<br />
Plunger Lift<br />
Hydraulic Jet Pump<br />
Cerro Dragon Oilfield-<br />
PanAmerican Energy<br />
Cerro Dragon Oilfield-<br />
PanAmerican Energy<br />
Diadema Oilfield - CAPSA<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Artificial lift summary<br />
Pump depth - ft<br />
12.000<br />
11.000<br />
10.000<br />
9.000<br />
8.000<br />
7.000<br />
6.000<br />
5.000<br />
4.000<br />
3.000<br />
2.000<br />
1.000<br />
0<br />
ESP<br />
PCP<br />
SRP<br />
0 500 1.000 1.500 2.000 2.500 3.000 3.500 4.000<br />
Flowrate - bfpd<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Artificial lift evolution - Example<br />
• Example of artificial lift evolution before and during a<br />
waterflooding project<br />
• Maximum reservoir depth= 7,000 ft<br />
• 5 1/2” Casing<br />
• We consider one oil well and one water injector well<br />
Waterflloding<br />
pattern<br />
Oil well<br />
Water injetion well<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Artificial lift evolution - Example<br />
10000<br />
Primary<br />
One year<br />
Secondary recovery (waterflooding)<br />
1000<br />
Water injection<br />
bpd<br />
100<br />
Oil + water<br />
Oil<br />
10<br />
ESP<br />
SRP<br />
1<br />
Declination First stage Second stage<br />
Increase pump size & depth setting<br />
Change ALS for ESP – Increase pumping speed & size<br />
Increase pumping speed, pumping units & pump size<br />
Small pumping unit & pump size
Lifting Cost
GSJB Lifting cost considerations<br />
Oil<strong>fields</strong> with more than 85 % of water & Oil from Waterflooding (60-80 %)<br />
Energy (15-30 %)<br />
Self generated<br />
Rental<br />
or bought<br />
Gas (owned or<br />
bought)<br />
ALS efficiency<br />
Flow rate x depth<br />
(HHP)<br />
Energy distribution<br />
80 % for production<br />
20 % Water injection<br />
Others<br />
Fluid treatment<br />
Personnel<br />
Others<br />
Surface maintenance<br />
(15-25 %)<br />
Type of contracts<br />
Operative model<br />
Major artificial lift<br />
sistems<br />
Sub-surface<br />
maintenance (25-35 %)<br />
Failure index<br />
Leas or contract for<br />
artificial lift supply<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Lifting cost evolution<br />
Effect of system efficiency<br />
Lifting cost model solution<br />
Lifting cost – u$s / B.O.E<br />
Cumulative production (% of Final Recovery)<br />
By John G. Svinos & Terry Treiberg – Theta Enterprices, Inc SPE 69559- Forecast Techniques for Lifting Cost in Gas and<br />
Oil Onshore Fields- Ricardo E. Martínez<br />
nez-Perez<br />
Companc<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Conclusions<br />
What is our challenge ?<br />
To increase the productive basin life<br />
How to achieve it ?<br />
• Waterflooding project (improving recovery factor)<br />
• Deepest reservoirs<br />
• Exploration<br />
• Off shore development<br />
• To continue improving our artificial lift experience<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training
Contact information<br />
Marcelo Hirschfeldt<br />
OilProduction Consulting & Training<br />
Patagonia Argentina<br />
www.oilproduction.net<br />
Info@oilproduction.net
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