Art of Safety 2016
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The <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong><br />
by Mark Donnelly<br />
1
Table <strong>of</strong> Contents<br />
~ I have observed ~ ................................................................................................. 5<br />
I. Implementing <strong>Safety</strong> Management ............................................................... 8<br />
II. Implementing <strong>Safety</strong> Culture ...................................................................... 16<br />
III. Promote by Strategic Methods ................................................................ 22<br />
XI. Risk Assessments ......................................................................................... 29<br />
IV. Proactive Disposition ................................................................................... 34<br />
V. Commitment ...................................................................................................... 39<br />
VI. Clever and Naive ........................................................................................... 45<br />
VII. Development <strong>of</strong> Policy and Procedure.................................................. 54<br />
IIIX. Forcefulness <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong> ............................................................................ 60<br />
IIX. Monitor and Review .................................................................................... 63<br />
IX. Hierarchy <strong>of</strong> Controls ................................................................................. 72<br />
XII. The Use <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong> Champions ............................................................ 79<br />
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The <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong>; for the purpose <strong>of</strong> this guide,<br />
is to help shape those who are true to the provision<br />
<strong>of</strong> proactive safety management; who are leaders,<br />
who are managers and who are workers (the 3<br />
levels).<br />
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The <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong> is guidance towards the<br />
understanding <strong>of</strong> what the true workings <strong>of</strong><br />
fundamental protection is all about. The guise <strong>of</strong><br />
risk is there in every act, those who know this will be<br />
safe, and will bestow protection. Those who go<br />
through the motions, who duplicate others, who<br />
react after, who challenge not, who do not know<br />
their workers, are not safety leaders; let them learn<br />
the <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong> in all its practicable application.<br />
Those who practice such vigilance, those who preempt<br />
misfortune, those who challenge, those who<br />
share, will be true safety leaders.<br />
Know your risks, and know your controls, this<br />
is the <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong>.<br />
Challenge, innovate, instigate and improve,<br />
this is the <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong><br />
Learn, focus, specialise, and coach, this is<br />
the <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong><br />
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~ I have observed ~<br />
I have observed the poor and careless efforts <strong>of</strong><br />
leaders, I have seen the result <strong>of</strong> lax systems and<br />
overcomplicated methodologies. I have seen the<br />
promotion <strong>of</strong> hiding valuable truths and judging with<br />
protective bias. I have seen the misguided. I have<br />
seen those say they need a new approach, after<br />
they have failed to implement or try the current.<br />
It is for these deficiencies I get frustrated...doing<br />
can be so easy.<br />
We <strong>of</strong>ten see a long list <strong>of</strong> recommendations after a<br />
major event, we <strong>of</strong>ten see over-reactive actions. We<br />
see many say what should have happened, what<br />
should have been done and what should have been<br />
in place, this said <strong>of</strong>ten by those who should have<br />
done in the first place. This in-itself is reactive.<br />
“Those should haves, should have done”.<br />
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I believe what we all need to “do” is get talking, get<br />
asking questions, get thinking, get listening, get time<br />
to evaluate news and information, get time to read<br />
and learn from experts and non-experts who have<br />
been writing about how to provide safety for years<br />
and get active on those provisions.<br />
We need to not only read through these mindful<br />
views; we need to put them into practice. I have<br />
heard many people say “yeah I read that, or went to<br />
that course” only to not apply anything that was<br />
promoted.<br />
The only way we are ever going to reduce these<br />
controllable events is if we “get serious” not<br />
“consider serious”. Training has to be fully<br />
functional, risk management has to be fully<br />
implemented, event investigations need to be<br />
thorough and most <strong>of</strong> all; we need to ensure<br />
pressures are fully controlled in a manner that gives<br />
conducting tasks an ethical sense <strong>of</strong> practicality.<br />
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“<strong>Safety</strong> does not belong to the safety department<br />
or to the safety <strong>of</strong>ficer; safety belongs to each one<br />
<strong>of</strong> us and each one <strong>of</strong> us is within an entity, and<br />
entities should be as one” Mark Donnelly<br />
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I. Implementing <strong>Safety</strong> Management<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said: The <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> safety<br />
management is <strong>of</strong> vital importance to the<br />
organisations success.<br />
2. It is a matter <strong>of</strong> health, safety and wellbeing, a<br />
road either to success or to failure. Hence, it is a<br />
subject <strong>of</strong> behaviour in which by no account be<br />
neglected by anyone.<br />
3. The art <strong>of</strong> safety, then, is governed by five<br />
constant factors to be taken into account in<br />
safety management development, when seeking to<br />
determine and establish the safety culture within<br />
the organisation.<br />
4. These are: (1) The Commitments; (2) safety<br />
Culture; (3) Workplace Awareness; (4) The<br />
Business Leader; (5) Method and Discipline.<br />
5. The company commitments align all within, so to<br />
be in complete agreement with the organisations<br />
leader, so that all workers will follow regardless <strong>of</strong><br />
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any other negative influences, undismayed by any<br />
unsafe acts or negative culture.<br />
6. <strong>Safety</strong> Management signifies all that must be<br />
maintained to provide a company with its total<br />
success.<br />
7. Workplace safety culture and awareness<br />
comprises; attitude, integrity, ethics, observing<br />
hazards and risks, noting non-conformances,<br />
reporting near misses and unsafe acts; all chances<br />
<strong>of</strong> causing ill health and injury to yourself and or<br />
to others.<br />
8. The Organisation Leader stands for the virtues<br />
<strong>of</strong> understanding, ethics, integrity, compassion,<br />
openness and firmness.<br />
9. By the implementation <strong>of</strong> the safety management<br />
system, it is to be understood for the organising<br />
<strong>of</strong> the workers in its proper subdivisions, the<br />
graduations <strong>of</strong> hierarchy among its workers, the<br />
maintenance <strong>of</strong> policy and procedures, by which<br />
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guidance may reach the workers, and the control<br />
<strong>of</strong> company expenditure through facets <strong>of</strong> safety.<br />
10. These five factors should be familiar to every<br />
leader and worker: those who know them will be<br />
successful; those who know them will not fail.<br />
11. Therefore, in a continual improvement process,<br />
when seeking to determine the organisations<br />
conditions between leaders and workers, let them<br />
be made the foundation <strong>of</strong> a comparison, in this<br />
wise;<br />
12. (1) Which <strong>of</strong> the two groups is instilled with the<br />
promotion <strong>of</strong> safety management? (2) Which <strong>of</strong><br />
the two groups has the most ability to instil safety<br />
management? (3) With whom lie the advantages<br />
derived from safety management? (4) On which<br />
side is safety management most thoroughly<br />
enforced? (5) Which group is more able to make<br />
change? (6) Which group should be more<br />
knowledgeable in safety? (7) In which group is<br />
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there the greater constancy both in reward and<br />
punishment for actions?<br />
13. By means <strong>of</strong> these seven considerations, you<br />
can forecast a safe or an unsafe culture.<br />
14. The leader that listens attentively to their<br />
people, and acts upon such insight, will succeed;<br />
let such a leader be retained in their position. The<br />
leader that does not listen attentively to their<br />
people, nor acts upon such insight, will suffer<br />
failure; let such one be dismissed.<br />
15. The leader while working towards safety goals<br />
and pr<strong>of</strong>it <strong>of</strong> their organisation should reward<br />
themself further with any helpful situations over<br />
and beyond just ordinary safety rules and<br />
guidelines.<br />
16. When safety morale is <strong>of</strong> a high level and events<br />
low, one should try to improve their safety plans<br />
and goals even further than anticipated. This is<br />
the time to promote the safety message harder.<br />
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17. All unsafe acts, hazards, near misses are born<br />
from negative perceptions and from negative<br />
culture.<br />
18. Hence, when the leader observes unsafe acts<br />
and conditions, a leader must be ready to improve<br />
instantly; when seeing that safety is not taken<br />
serious, a leader must be forcefully active in reeducating;<br />
if the leader sees stupidity, they must<br />
rid such stupidity immediately; if they see<br />
uncertainty towards safety, they must make it very<br />
clear and concise.<br />
19. Find unsafe <strong>of</strong>ficers or workers and either retrain<br />
them, or rid them. This is two options.<br />
20. If they are strong at production, planning or<br />
management; be prepared to educate them.<br />
21. If they still do not learn, rid them. This is no<br />
option.<br />
22. If your safety culture is <strong>of</strong> negative temper, make<br />
haste to change. Push constantly the safety<br />
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message, so that all within grow compliant, so that<br />
all will become proactive.<br />
23. If the <strong>of</strong>ficers are making excuses to ignore safe,<br />
give them no respite. If their subordinates are<br />
united, separate them.<br />
24. Educate all whenever you can, give safe<br />
direction and advice at all times, even when not<br />
planned or expected.<br />
25. These proactive safety management traits,<br />
leading to your very organisations success, must<br />
be transparent and open.<br />
26. Now the good leader who wins over an unsafe<br />
culture makes many observations in their<br />
workplace before the culture begins to fail. The<br />
bad leader who makes for an unsafe culture makes<br />
but few observations. Thus, many observations<br />
lead to a good safety culture, and few<br />
observations to an unsafe one: It is by proactive<br />
safety awareness to this point that you can<br />
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foresee who is likely to have a good or bad safety<br />
culture, who is likely to succeed rather than to fail.<br />
27. The <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong> teaches the reader to rely<br />
not on the likelihood <strong>of</strong> an unsafe act happening,<br />
but on how they are going to mitigate the unsafe<br />
act promptly; not on the exposure <strong>of</strong> an unsafe<br />
event occurring, but rather on the fact that you<br />
have made the unsafe act safe now and that your<br />
safe management system is complete and<br />
transparent at the commencement.<br />
28. There are five negative faults which may affect<br />
a leader: (1) Negativity, which leads to poor<br />
safety leadership; (2) Non-caring attitude, which<br />
leads to loss <strong>of</strong> worker commitments; (3) closed<br />
door approach, which can limit their workplace<br />
safety understanding; (4) lack <strong>of</strong> safety<br />
knowledge, which is <strong>of</strong> vital importance to leaders<br />
confidence; (5) failing to educate, which exposes<br />
all to risks.<br />
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29. These are the five negative faults <strong>of</strong> a leader,<br />
damaging to the culture <strong>of</strong> safety, which may<br />
provoke forceful promotion <strong>of</strong> safety in the wrong<br />
context.<br />
30. When safety in the organisation has failed and<br />
has made the organisation pr<strong>of</strong>it dwindle from<br />
many events, the cause will surely be found among<br />
these five negative faults. Let them be a subject<br />
<strong>of</strong> awakening in your safety management<br />
promotion. Let them be a learning to the leader<br />
and to all within.<br />
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II. Implementing <strong>Safety</strong> Culture<br />
1. Mark Donnelly says; In the operation <strong>of</strong> health<br />
and safety in your organisation, where there are<br />
people, and all other items <strong>of</strong> tools and trade, the<br />
expenditure <strong>of</strong> implementing and maintaining a<br />
safety culture in such disrepair; processes,<br />
procedures, revision and continual improvement,<br />
will cost unexpected expenses. This is the cost,<br />
its expenditure, whilst mostly not tangible, will be<br />
calculated both with unseen conditions and unnoted<br />
unsafe events. Culture is a result not an<br />
action.<br />
2. When you engage in behavioural safety, if the<br />
commitment to safety is long in coming, then your<br />
employees’ safety attitude will not improve<br />
adequately and safety implementation will be<br />
hampered. If you fail to commit to and positively<br />
promote safety, you will exhaust your safety<br />
culture and your success.<br />
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3. Again, if the safety management campaign is longdrawn-out,<br />
the pr<strong>of</strong>it <strong>of</strong> the business will not cover<br />
that negative culture.<br />
4. Now, when your <strong>of</strong>ficers are low in safety<br />
attitude, your safety morale imperfect, your safety<br />
commitments exhausted and your pr<strong>of</strong>it spent,<br />
hazards that lie in waiting will spring up to take<br />
advantage <strong>of</strong> your carelessness. Then no leader,<br />
however wise, will be able to reactively avert the<br />
negative consequences that will result.<br />
5. Thus, though all have heard <strong>of</strong> senseless over<br />
reactive and reactive methods after such<br />
damaging events, cleverness has never been seen<br />
associated with long delays in developing a<br />
proactive safety culture.<br />
6. There is no instance <strong>of</strong> an organisation having<br />
benefited from having a lax or negative safety<br />
culture.<br />
7. It is only the true proactive safety conscious<br />
leaders, who are thoroughly acquainted with the<br />
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potential negative outcomes <strong>of</strong> unsafe events that<br />
can thoroughly understand the pr<strong>of</strong>itable way <strong>of</strong><br />
preventive actions.<br />
8. The skilful leader does not increase trivial safety<br />
programs or systems; neither do they need to<br />
push the safety message via constant generic<br />
reminders.<br />
9. Have safety with you at all times, quest it from<br />
your employees. Thus, the organisation will have<br />
a proactive safety culture, enough for its success<br />
without constant reminding.<br />
10. Inactivity <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>ficers towards safety culture<br />
causes a company to be maintained by<br />
contributions from the general workers.<br />
Attempting to maintain a proactive safe culture at<br />
a distance causes the workers to be<br />
disadvantaged. Workers need managing and<br />
leadership; not from afar but near.<br />
11. On the other hand, the personal proactive<br />
actions <strong>of</strong> the leader and <strong>of</strong>ficers cause pr<strong>of</strong>its to<br />
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go up; and high pr<strong>of</strong>its cause employee morale to<br />
be increased, with it, less events and a more<br />
successful organisation.<br />
12. When employee morale for safety culture is<br />
drained away, their safety will be afflicted by overreactive<br />
and trivial, short term actions.<br />
13. With this over-reactive trivial safety actions and<br />
exhaustion <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficer commitment, the safety <strong>of</strong><br />
the workers will be put at risk, their risk <strong>of</strong> being<br />
hurt will increase tenfold; while the organisations<br />
expenses for damaged equipment, worn-out tools,<br />
re-engineering <strong>of</strong> dangerous tasks, substitution <strong>of</strong><br />
unsafe methods, controlling events with reactive<br />
administration, the hidden amount will cost many<br />
times more compared to that <strong>of</strong> the initial cost <strong>of</strong><br />
operating a proactive safety system.<br />
14. Hence a sensible proactive leader makes a<br />
point <strong>of</strong> searching out for, and understanding<br />
potential unsafe acts and hazards. One hazard<br />
found will prevent many dangerous events from<br />
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occurring; many workers constantly looking out<br />
for hazards will prevent many more dangerous<br />
events from occurring.<br />
15. Now in order to eliminate injuries and deaths,<br />
workers must be educated in risk; that there may<br />
be great advantage from reporting unsafe acts<br />
and hazards, they must have total understanding<br />
to the ultimate reward...protection.<br />
16. Risk management is <strong>of</strong> vital importance for the<br />
benefit <strong>of</strong> maintaining a reporting culture.<br />
17. Therefore, in reporting hazards, when one or<br />
more hazards have been observed, those should<br />
be rewarded who alerted <strong>of</strong> such dangers.<br />
Officer’s self-interest should be substituted for<br />
those <strong>of</strong> the proactive workers. And the hazards<br />
presented shared throughout the workforce to<br />
educate all <strong>of</strong> the dangers. The proactive workers<br />
should be kindly treated and respected.<br />
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18. This is called; using the proactive safety<br />
message to enhance the organisations own<br />
strengths and successes.<br />
19. In promoting proactive safety culture, then, let<br />
your proactive safety objective be that <strong>of</strong> zero<br />
harm, not trivial reactive safety programs.<br />
20. Thus, let it be known that; the leader <strong>of</strong> the<br />
organisation has the overall authority <strong>of</strong><br />
employee’s fate; the leader on what all safety<br />
depends, determines whether the organisation is<br />
unsafe or safe, succeeds or fails. The Leader, the<br />
manager, by the act <strong>of</strong> doing, will provide all that is<br />
needed to have the best end result; that <strong>of</strong> a<br />
proactive, involved and pr<strong>of</strong>icient safety culture.<br />
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III. Promote by Strategic Methods<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said: In the practical art <strong>of</strong> safety<br />
management, the best thing <strong>of</strong> all is to promote a<br />
positive safety attitude at all times as a strategy;<br />
to be negative and uncaring it is not so good. So,<br />
too, it is better to promote safety in a positive way<br />
than to destroy it through negativity, confusion<br />
and inconsistency, to capture a workforce is<br />
better than to neglect them. A leader must be<br />
strategic, and be very understandable.<br />
2. Hence to be reactive and indecisive in your<br />
promotion <strong>of</strong> safety, to not have a strategic plan is<br />
not supreme excellence; supreme excellence<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> educating your workforce without<br />
undue forcefulness with workable goals.<br />
3. Thus the highest form <strong>of</strong> strategy in the<br />
organisation is to rid all negative topics; the next<br />
best is to be proactive in the promotion <strong>of</strong> safety<br />
culture; the next in order is to educate all in the<br />
workplace; the worst strategy <strong>of</strong> all is to drown the<br />
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workers with trivial matters and over-reactive<br />
actions that have no higher objective than<br />
ordinary.<br />
4. The rule is; not drown the workplace with trivial<br />
over-reactive actions if it can possibly be avoided.<br />
The preparation <strong>of</strong> posters, slogans, and various<br />
other trivial safety actions, will take up too much<br />
time; and the revision <strong>of</strong> such trivial actions will<br />
take many more months. Develop what needs to<br />
be done to enhance overall safety governance,<br />
whether it be complicated or simple in method.<br />
5. If the naive leader, unable to control their<br />
incompetent frustrations, launches their workforce<br />
into trivial over-reactive programs, the<br />
unanticipated result is that confusion will cause<br />
more risk, while the unsafe culture still grows.<br />
Such are the disastrous effects <strong>of</strong> an overreactive,<br />
reactive safety culture with no strategic<br />
plan.<br />
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6. Therefore, the skilful leader moderates the<br />
workforce without any haste; the skilful leader<br />
captures the worker’s soles without laying fear<br />
onto them; they overthrow any negativity and<br />
misunderstanding without trivial reactive actions in<br />
the workplace. They set clear goals that are well<br />
thought and have a positive meaningful ending.<br />
7. With employee’s morale still intact at the end <strong>of</strong><br />
such a well though-out strategic plan, the skilful<br />
leader will rid the negative culture from the<br />
organisation and thus, without losing any good<br />
workers, their long term strategic achievement will<br />
be complete. This is the goal <strong>of</strong> promoting by<br />
strategic methods.<br />
8. Plan, implement, measure and review, but never<br />
think that no plan needs continual improvement.<br />
9. It is my rule in safety, if there are many negative<br />
employees, seek to motivate and retrain them; if<br />
only a few, educate those few; if only one, rid<br />
them; ridding one can influence many.<br />
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10. If the goal is slightly <strong>of</strong>f direction, you can<br />
influence change; if moderately <strong>of</strong>f, you can<br />
enforce change; if totally <strong>of</strong>f, you may need to<br />
exit, before forced to do so.<br />
11. Hence, though a constant strategic approach<br />
may be made by the leader and <strong>of</strong>ficers, in the<br />
end, it must be embraced by the larger workforce.<br />
12. Now the leader is the controller <strong>of</strong> the<br />
organisation; if their control is complete in all<br />
areas and the show due diligence; the workplace<br />
will be positive; if their control is defective, the<br />
workplace will be negatively affected.<br />
13. There are three ways in which a leader can bring<br />
misfortune upon their organisation:--<br />
(1) By giving the workers confusing directives<br />
without achievable goals, being unaware <strong>of</strong> the<br />
fact that they do not understand. This is<br />
called; hobbling the workers through<br />
incompetence.<br />
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(2) By attempting to control the workers in the<br />
same way as they manage the organisation,<br />
being uninformed and out <strong>of</strong> touch <strong>of</strong> the true<br />
operations <strong>of</strong> the organisation. This causes<br />
confusion and doubt in the workers.<br />
(3) By employing/promoting the <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong><br />
their workforce without insight into their<br />
safety mindset, through unawareness <strong>of</strong> the<br />
business principle <strong>of</strong> adaptation to<br />
circumstances. This shakes the confidence <strong>of</strong><br />
the workers.<br />
14. When the workforce is confused and distrustful,<br />
events are sure to come from any old-fashioned<br />
and or generalised plans. This will simply bring<br />
disorder into the workforce, and further damage<br />
safety culture. A leader must have a strategic plan<br />
for success. They must know what they want in<br />
order to complete the objective. Be it short term<br />
or long term<br />
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15. A leader must not set to many multitasking roles<br />
onto workers in any specific role, this will lower<br />
skills and increase incompetence; and then plans<br />
will fail.<br />
16. Thus, we may know that there are five essentials<br />
for success in strategic planning: (1) Those will<br />
succeed who know when to act and when not to<br />
act. (2) Those will succeed who know how to<br />
handle both negative and positive safety<br />
attitudes. (3) Those will succeed whose<br />
workforce is energised by the same spirit <strong>of</strong> the<br />
proactive leader. (4) Those will succeed who,<br />
prepares, and understands safety in its entirety.<br />
(5) Those will succeed who have a positive<br />
strategic safety method and who is not interfered<br />
by negativity.<br />
17. Hence my saying: “If you know the hazards and<br />
know your controls, you need not fear the result<br />
<strong>of</strong> event; if you know hazards but not the controls,<br />
for every job gained you will also suffer an event. If<br />
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you know neither the hazard nor control, you will<br />
succumb to many events and you will fail”<br />
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XI. Risk Assessments<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said; there are many ways to avert<br />
a negative event. As described; the first is to<br />
identify the hazards, the next is to analyse, next is<br />
to evaluate and last is to treat.<br />
2. These all belong to the most important part <strong>of</strong> a<br />
safety management system; the risk assessment<br />
process.<br />
3. The leader, who does not know the importance <strong>of</strong><br />
risk management, will succumb too many failures.<br />
4. There is no time better to conduct a risk<br />
assessment than the present.<br />
5. There is no better way to be proactive in the<br />
controlling, monitoring, revising <strong>of</strong> operations at<br />
every level and in every section, than to conduct a<br />
risk assessment.<br />
6. A risk assessment is the means to govern all<br />
negative and or positive actions.<br />
7. A leader must consider all risks derived from<br />
activities within the organisation and determine<br />
their severity levels, this is proactive safety.<br />
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8. If an activities risk is neglected, and the severity<br />
not determined, then the leader has failed in their<br />
duty <strong>of</strong> care.<br />
9. If an activities risk is proactively challenged, the<br />
severity determined, then the leader has fulfilled<br />
their duty <strong>of</strong> care.<br />
10. Once a risk has been determined, the leader<br />
must allocate that risk to an owner, thus be it to<br />
themself, an <strong>of</strong>ficer or a worker. The risk owner<br />
must be named and must be fully aware <strong>of</strong> their<br />
obligation to control that risk and to close that<br />
risk. All must know who the risk owner is.<br />
11. A risk maybe be compared to past knowledge,<br />
to aid in the evaluation, hence give a level <strong>of</strong><br />
action, but this knowledge should not influence<br />
the current divergent pathway outcome. A casual<br />
way, will not give full protection.<br />
12. If a risk is not under control <strong>of</strong> the organisation,<br />
then this is still a risk to the organisation.<br />
13. All risks, be it internal or external, people or<br />
plant, natural or fabricated, should be put through<br />
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a risk assessment process. This process could<br />
take shape in many forms, but the application is<br />
the same, (1) to find the cause and (2) to control<br />
the outcome, this is the <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> Risk Management.<br />
14. A good leader knows their operation and knows<br />
their tasks, hence they know their risk.<br />
15. It is by the risk assessment process, in all its<br />
proper application, that they know this.<br />
16. Through qualitative risk assessments you can<br />
gain good understanding, and gain good<br />
measurement, this be safe in task.<br />
17. Through quantitative risk assessment you can<br />
gain great understanding, and gain great<br />
measurement, this be safe in operation.<br />
18. There are 5 levels <strong>of</strong> maturity to assess the level<br />
<strong>of</strong> compliance and effectiveness. (i) Emerging/<br />
Pathological (ii) Managing/ Reactive (iii)<br />
Involving/ Calculative (iv) Co-operating/<br />
Proactive and (v) Continually Improving/<br />
Generative.<br />
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19. It is by these levels, a good leader can determine<br />
the controls workers might take in relation to risk.<br />
20. If Emerging/ Pathological, then many<br />
unnecessary risks will be taken; hence safety is a<br />
problem caused by workers lack <strong>of</strong> commitment.<br />
21. If Managing/ Reactive, then some unnecessary<br />
risks will be taken; hence Organisations and<br />
workers start to take safety seriously but there is<br />
still only action after events<br />
22. If Involving/ Calculative, then few unnecessary<br />
risks will be taken; hence <strong>Safety</strong> is driven by<br />
management systems, with much monitoring and<br />
collection <strong>of</strong> data.<br />
23. If Co-operating/ Proactive, then limited<br />
unnecessary risks will be taken; hence <strong>Safety</strong> with<br />
improved performance, the known is a challenged.<br />
24. If Continually Improving/ Generative, then no<br />
risks will be taken; hence there is active<br />
participation at all levels. <strong>Safety</strong> is perceived to<br />
be an inherent part <strong>of</strong> the business. <strong>Safety</strong> is<br />
taken serious.<br />
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25. The journey then to a safe proactive culture, to<br />
a safe system, and to a compliant culture is this;<br />
(1) Basic (2) Reactive (3) Planned (4) Proactive<br />
(5) Resilient.<br />
26. A good leader who knows this process, they<br />
set their strategic goals to meet these levels.<br />
27. If the operation is vast, if complex application,<br />
then the leader must allocate an <strong>of</strong>ficer to manage<br />
all aspects <strong>of</strong> risk. Let this <strong>of</strong>ficer be devoted to<br />
the challenge.<br />
28. To reach the final goal, to maintain the final<br />
goal, is the leaders ultimate accomplishment in<br />
their quest for protection <strong>of</strong> their workers and <strong>of</strong><br />
their organisation.<br />
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IV. Proactive Disposition<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said: The proactive safety leader<br />
must first put them-selves beyond the possibility<br />
<strong>of</strong> a reactive safety culture; they should be always<br />
seeking for an opportunity to find and eliminate<br />
risk. The proactive leader will have innate abilities<br />
that will see and anticipate danger at every level.<br />
2. To protect your workers and that <strong>of</strong> others<br />
against risk is in your disposition, but the<br />
opportunity <strong>of</strong> finding hazards is provided by the<br />
understanding <strong>of</strong> your organisations practices.<br />
3. Thus, the good leader who is skilled in safety is<br />
able to naturally safeguard a workforce against all<br />
hazards, but they cannot make certain <strong>of</strong><br />
defeating the negative unsafe worker.<br />
4. Hence my saying: “A leader must naturally know<br />
how to promote proactive safety without having to<br />
enforce it reactively”<br />
34
5. Protection against possible events involves<br />
proactive safety measures; ability to make<br />
awareness <strong>of</strong> hazards means allowing adequate<br />
time to educate all <strong>of</strong> such hazards.<br />
6. Being reactive on safety indicates an insufficient<br />
safety disposition; being proactive, means a<br />
superabundance <strong>of</strong> safety disposition.<br />
7. The leader who is skilled in safety is naturally<br />
transparent in the most positive way; those who<br />
are skilled in proactive safety have the highest<br />
expectations. Thus on the one hand they have<br />
ability to protect the entire workforce, hence<br />
secure the success <strong>of</strong> the organisation.<br />
8. To see safety only when it is within the current<br />
understanding <strong>of</strong> the common workers is not the<br />
acme <strong>of</strong> excellence.<br />
9. Neither is it the acme <strong>of</strong> excellence if you promote<br />
and influence after the fact, and the whole<br />
workforce says, "Well done!"<br />
35
10. To manage a past hazard is no sign <strong>of</strong> great<br />
disposition; to see the hazards after the fact is no<br />
sign <strong>of</strong> great insight; to hear the safety concerns<br />
<strong>of</strong> workers after the fact is no sign <strong>of</strong> proactive<br />
thinking or leadership.<br />
11. What the safety industry calls a clever safety<br />
leader is one who not only proactively promoting<br />
safety, but excels in preventing events with ease.<br />
They are in tune with all happenings, with all<br />
operations, they are natural leaders.<br />
12. Hence the reduction <strong>of</strong> unsafe events after the<br />
fact; bring neither reputation for knowledge or<br />
credit for leadership.<br />
13. A true leader prevents events by understanding<br />
the workplace practices. Understanding the<br />
workplace practices is what establishes the<br />
certainty <strong>of</strong> success, for it means conquering<br />
hazardous events that are both already known and<br />
unknown.<br />
36
14. Hence the leader puts the organisation in its<br />
entirety into a position which makes hazardous<br />
situations impossible, they do not miss the moment<br />
for eliminating any hazard.<br />
15. Thus, it is that in safety, the competent leader<br />
only calls success after an event free workplace<br />
and after a safety culture has been won, whereas<br />
those incompetent leaders who are destined to<br />
fail in safety first look for victory before success.<br />
16. The ideal safety leader constantly promotes a<br />
safety culture, and strictly adheres to their innate<br />
method and discipline to maintain it; thus it is in<br />
their power to control business success, as<br />
nothing is more important in life than preserving it.<br />
17. In respect <strong>of</strong> safety management, we have First;<br />
Measurement <strong>of</strong> hazards, Second; Estimation <strong>of</strong><br />
consequences, Third; Calculation <strong>of</strong> losses,<br />
Fourth; Balancing <strong>of</strong> productivity, Fifth:<br />
Implementation and control <strong>of</strong> safety management<br />
systems.<br />
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18. Measurement owes its existence to<br />
Commitments; Estimation <strong>of</strong> consequences to<br />
Measurement; Calculation to Estimation <strong>of</strong><br />
losses; Balancing <strong>of</strong> chances to productivity; and<br />
Victory to Balancing <strong>of</strong> safety systems.<br />
19. An innate leader’s safety disposition opposed<br />
to an unnatural one; is as a life saved, a<br />
consequence averted.<br />
20. The promotion <strong>of</strong> an innately dispositional<br />
safety leader is like the bringing back <strong>of</strong> a life after<br />
a drowning.<br />
38
V. Commitment<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said: The commitment <strong>of</strong> safety in<br />
a large workforce is the same principle as the<br />
commitment <strong>of</strong> safety <strong>of</strong> a small workforce or the<br />
same as the commitment to safety <strong>of</strong> a family: it is<br />
merely a question <strong>of</strong> giving everyone the same<br />
information and systems.<br />
2. Managing safety in a large workforce under your<br />
control is no different in detail from managing a<br />
safety in a small one: it is merely a question <strong>of</strong> a<br />
commitment to safety.<br />
3. To ensure that your whole workforce may<br />
understand safety and remain proactive-- this is<br />
effected by decisions both direct and indirect.<br />
4. That the impact <strong>of</strong> your safety commitment may<br />
be likened to the wearing <strong>of</strong> a seat belt while<br />
driving, if you fail to wear a seat belt, your chances<br />
<strong>of</strong> survival are reduced.<br />
39
5. In being committed to safety; a direct safety<br />
commitment may be used for training all, but<br />
indirect safety commitments will be needed in<br />
order to complete business success.<br />
6. Indirect safety commitments, when efficiently<br />
applied, are inexhaustible as goods and services,<br />
unending as production and development; like the<br />
structure and building, they end but to begin<br />
anew; like the projects, they start, finish and then<br />
start again.<br />
7. There are not more than six hierarchies <strong>of</strong><br />
controls, yet the combinations <strong>of</strong> these six give<br />
rise to more barriers than can ever be covered by<br />
one.<br />
8. There are not more than a few fall prevention<br />
systems, yet in combination they produce more<br />
protection than can ever be, if only using one.<br />
9. There are not more than a few basic PPE<br />
requirements, yet combinations <strong>of</strong> these yield<br />
40
more overall protection than one can ever give<br />
alone.<br />
10. In a proactive commitment to safety, there are<br />
not more than two methods <strong>of</strong> implementation; the<br />
direct (requirements) and the indirect<br />
(recommendations); yet these two in combination<br />
give rise to an endless series <strong>of</strong> possible<br />
preventative actions.<br />
11. The direct and the indirect commitments lean on<br />
each other for continual improvements. It is like<br />
moving in a circle, you never come to an end. Who<br />
can exhaust the possibilities <strong>of</strong> their combination?<br />
12. The commitments to safety are like heroes,<br />
whom motivate and elevate all to higher<br />
expectations and morals.<br />
13. The sincerity <strong>of</strong> a commitment is like a steam<br />
engine, very powerful, and has the endurance to<br />
climb the steepest <strong>of</strong> mountains.<br />
41
14. Therefore the good leader will be encouraging<br />
in their direction, and prompt in their<br />
implementation.<br />
15. Commitments may be likened to the bending <strong>of</strong><br />
a bow; implementing, to the releasing <strong>of</strong> the string.<br />
16. Amid the implementation and promotion <strong>of</strong><br />
safety, there may be seeming confusion and yet<br />
no real confusion at all; amid confusion and<br />
negativity, your constant safety commitment may<br />
be without total following, yet it will be pro<strong>of</strong><br />
against failure.<br />
17. Commitment to safety suggests perfect<br />
conformity; proactive safety suggests knowledge;<br />
collaborating safety signifies order.<br />
18. Promoting safety with positive commitments is<br />
simply a question <strong>of</strong> subdivision; being open,<br />
transparent and educational provides good<br />
mentoring; promoting safety with solid<br />
commitments is to be the key to the organisations<br />
success.<br />
42
19. Thus, a good leader, one who is committed to<br />
keeping the workforce constantly aware <strong>of</strong> safety<br />
issues, one who drives a positive safety culture,<br />
according to which the workforce will follow. The<br />
leader must always give something, so that the<br />
workforce has something the grasp, they must give<br />
commitments.<br />
20. By implementing commitments, a good leader<br />
keeps the workforce motivated; then when the<br />
need arises to take action against un-safe<br />
conditions, the workforce will be there always<br />
ready to assist and control.<br />
21. The clever leader who is skilled in safety, looks<br />
to the combined effort <strong>of</strong> the workforce, and does<br />
not require too much from individuals. Hence has<br />
the right culture to minimise effort and cost<br />
through their combined effort.<br />
22. When a leader utilises combined efforts, the<br />
workforce in itself becomes a strong proactive<br />
safety system, full <strong>of</strong> knowledge and<br />
43
understanding; For it is the nature <strong>of</strong> a reactive<br />
workforce to remain costly and unsafe, and to<br />
react only after an event; if lazy and reactive, to<br />
become unsuccessful...but if dynamic and<br />
proactive, to succeed.<br />
23. Thus the energy developed by a committed<br />
leader who is skilled in safety, through their<br />
commitments has an organisation filled with<br />
proactive safety conscience workers. This is why<br />
a constant effort is needed to promote<br />
commitments and thus promote safety as most<br />
paramount.<br />
44
VI. Clever and Naive<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said: Whoever is clever in safety<br />
and eliminates hazards from the organisation will<br />
be prepared for a successful operation; whoever<br />
is naive and who is reactive will fail in operation.<br />
2. Therefore a clever leader, who is skilled in safety,<br />
positively enforces safety onto their workforce,<br />
and does not allow any negative actions to be<br />
imposed on them.<br />
3. By promoting clever safety measures into the<br />
organisation, the leader can cause the workforce<br />
to follow <strong>of</strong> their own accord; or, by inflecting<br />
clever change, they can make it impossible for<br />
negative culture to develop or grow.<br />
4. If the workplace is losing its safety culture, the<br />
clever leader can promote it; if the workforce has<br />
naive employees, the clever leader can manipulate<br />
those; if the workforce is un-manipulated, the<br />
clever leader can rid those from the workforce.<br />
45
5. Target hazards which the business must hasten to<br />
control; move fast to find hazards that are not<br />
generally known or expected, this is clever.<br />
6. An organisation may work safely for many years<br />
without major event through luck; a clever<br />
organisation works safely though constant effort.<br />
7. You can be sure <strong>of</strong> succeeding in your promotion<br />
<strong>of</strong> safety if you promote clever safety throughout<br />
the organisation. You can ensure the safety <strong>of</strong><br />
your workforce if you have clever safety <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />
that cannot be naively influenced by others.<br />
8. Hence, the clever safety leader is skilful in<br />
managing safety even when the workforce does<br />
not fully know what to look out for or implement;<br />
they are skilful in protecting all those who are not<br />
safe by nature. They are clever at targeting areas<br />
in need <strong>of</strong> improvement.<br />
9. O divine art <strong>of</strong> proactive safety! Through you we<br />
learn to be clever, through you we become smart;<br />
46
and hence we can hold the successful advantage<br />
in our hands over all opposition.<br />
10. You may be safe and be absolutely successful if<br />
you target unsafe and high risk areas; you will be<br />
clever and event free if your actions have been<br />
cleverly implemented before they became an<br />
event.<br />
11. If you wish to be naive towards safety, the<br />
organisation can be forced into a negative culture<br />
that will sure bring failure and result in injury or<br />
even death. As a clever leader, you need to<br />
always think <strong>of</strong> safety and seek out those hidden<br />
hazards that will cause unfortunate events. This is<br />
the art <strong>of</strong> safety.<br />
12. If you do not wish to have unfortunate events,<br />
you can prevent hazards from becoming events<br />
even though not all hazards are known. All you<br />
need do is educate the workforce on how to find<br />
and observe possible hazards before they<br />
47
undertake any task. This is the making <strong>of</strong> a clever<br />
workforce.<br />
13. By discovering and understanding hazards at<br />
the workplace, you can keep your events at zero.<br />
14. You can form a clever safety culture, while naive<br />
ones fail in theirs. Hence there will be an<br />
advantage, which means that you shall succeed<br />
and they will fail.<br />
15. And if you are able thus to succeed through<br />
clever safety initiatives, your competitors will be<br />
naively left to fight over what work is left that you<br />
could not do.<br />
16. The hazardous areas you intend to target in<br />
your business must be made known; for then the<br />
workforce will be ready to acknowledge your<br />
safety commitments; and they will discuss amongst<br />
themselves your safety commitment, everyone will<br />
be clever and proactively talking about safety,<br />
then the task <strong>of</strong> creating a clever safety culture is<br />
not done by a few, but by all.<br />
48
17. For should the chance to allow anyone part <strong>of</strong><br />
the organisation to be naive, you have allowed a<br />
gap in your commitments for unsafe conditions to<br />
appear. If you focus too much on one area <strong>of</strong> your<br />
business, other areas may get neglected, hence<br />
you have allowed unsafe conditions to develop;<br />
they will become events, this is not being clever.<br />
All areas and subdivisions must be treated the<br />
same, regardless <strong>of</strong> any factor.<br />
18. Negative culture comes from allowing parts <strong>of</strong><br />
the workforce to be naive; clever safety<br />
management comes from convincing your<br />
workforce to constantly think about safety.<br />
19. Knowing where all hazards and hi-risk areas are,<br />
you can manage and control them before they<br />
become an unwanted event.<br />
20. But if neither hazards nor hi-risk areas be<br />
known, then you have given up your guard and<br />
have allowed for your workforce to be naive, thus<br />
49
opened up the gaps for unsafe acts and<br />
conditions to occur.<br />
21. Though according to your current focus on<br />
maintaining a high level <strong>of</strong> clever safety systems,<br />
this shall be advantageous to your organisation. I<br />
say then that long term success will be achieved.<br />
22. Though the hazards and hi-risk areas be in<br />
great numbers, you may prevent them from<br />
becoming an unwanted event by being clever.<br />
Prepare all so as to control these risky areas and<br />
reduce the consequence <strong>of</strong> unwanted events from<br />
occurring through promotion and education. This<br />
is the key to becoming clever.<br />
23. If the hazard is a naive person, then learn the<br />
principle <strong>of</strong> their activity or inactivity. Force them<br />
to commit to safety so as to find out their naive<br />
principles. Once you know their naive principles<br />
you can be clever to manipulate them.<br />
24. Carefully compare the attitude <strong>of</strong> your <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />
with that <strong>of</strong> your own values, so that you may know<br />
50
where leadership is clever and where leadership is<br />
naive.<br />
25. In the making <strong>of</strong> clever safety <strong>of</strong>ficers, the<br />
highest pitch you can attain is to support them;<br />
promote your safety commitments and values onto<br />
them, and you will be safe from the naive attitudes,<br />
you will be free from the unsafe work practices<br />
that cause harm and failure.<br />
26. How your success may be shaped is from your<br />
clever safety <strong>of</strong>ficers, this is what will determine<br />
how the whole workforce will collaborate. This is<br />
how the whole organisation will become clever.<br />
27. All workers should see the safety systems a<br />
clever leader uses, whereby they make safety a<br />
priority; all workers should see the safety systems,<br />
out <strong>of</strong> which success is evolved.<br />
28. Always improve on safety tactics which have<br />
improved a lax process, but let your improvements<br />
always be proactively instigated by your<br />
company’s variety <strong>of</strong> working conditions.<br />
51
29. Clever safety culture is like fertilizer to a fruit<br />
tree; A fruit tree with no fertilizer will bear sour<br />
and bitter fruit.<br />
30. So in developing and maintaining a clever safety<br />
culture, the way to succeed is to reward those who<br />
are proactive and to provide to those whom are<br />
inactive.<br />
31. A clever safety culture shapes its course<br />
according to the safety commitments <strong>of</strong> the leader<br />
and <strong>of</strong>ficers that work under the leader; the clever<br />
leader works out their success in relation to the<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficers whom they have entrusted their safety<br />
commitments and visions onto.<br />
32. Therefore, just as workplace <strong>of</strong>ficers are<br />
diverse in their thinking, there are no exact actions<br />
that are constant.<br />
33. The <strong>of</strong>ficers, who can modify their attitude in<br />
relation to their leader, will succeed and may be<br />
called a natural born and pr<strong>of</strong>icient follower and<br />
leader <strong>of</strong> the 3 rd level.<br />
52
34. The six hierarchies <strong>of</strong> controls (Elimination,<br />
Substitution, Isolation, Engineering,<br />
administration, PPE) are not always equally<br />
enforced; the 3 levels <strong>of</strong> structure make way for<br />
each other in turn. There are good days and bad;<br />
organisation has its periods <strong>of</strong> highs and lows. As<br />
clever leaders, <strong>of</strong>ficers and workers, who are<br />
skilled in the art <strong>of</strong> safety, they need to<br />
understand that cycles come and go, that by<br />
staying focused and committed to the safety<br />
commitments, and who have clear and achievable<br />
goals, they will succeed.<br />
53
VII. Development <strong>of</strong> Policy and Procedure<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said; in business, the <strong>of</strong>ficers<br />
receive their safety direction from the leader. The<br />
workers receive their direction from the <strong>of</strong>ficers;<br />
they all check their action from the leaders’<br />
commitments.<br />
2. Having collected committed and proactive safety<br />
minded <strong>of</strong>ficers and after making safety<br />
commitments, the leader must manage and control<br />
the different facets <strong>of</strong> the organisation to ensure<br />
safety is continuously upheld.<br />
3. After that, comes implementing various safety<br />
policy and procedures, to which there is nothing<br />
more important to an organisation. The difficulty<br />
<strong>of</strong> developing safety procedures consists in<br />
turning the unknown into the known, the unsafe<br />
into safe, then making these recognisable to all.<br />
4. Thus, to take a quick and committed direction,<br />
after re-educating or ridding negative workers,<br />
and through the understanding <strong>of</strong> safety culture;<br />
54
to rid all hazards before they become events<br />
shows great knowledge <strong>of</strong> procedural<br />
development.<br />
5. Developing a safety procedure within a workforce<br />
in a disciplined manner is advantageous; being<br />
undisciplined to your procedure, most<br />
disadvantageous.<br />
6. If you have to push procedures onto your<br />
organisation in order to develop a safe method<br />
way, the chances are that you will be too late. On<br />
the other hand, to constantly develop procedures<br />
from the start in all areas <strong>of</strong> your workplace<br />
collectively, over time, all will improve in safer<br />
techniques.<br />
7. If you force too many minor procedures into every<br />
aspect <strong>of</strong> your workplace and onto all workers,<br />
and or make for too big <strong>of</strong> a document, the system<br />
will fail as the directions will be either limited or to<br />
great and the purpose <strong>of</strong> the procedure<br />
methodology then be too unclear.<br />
55
8. A good procedure will be followed, the poor one<br />
will not, and on this direction you have allowed for<br />
segmented failures, that ultimately have one<br />
ending; a failure.<br />
9. If you develop and implement a procedure, it must<br />
be clear and easy understood, you must use terms<br />
all can understand. It must be in process order.<br />
10. If you develop and implement a procedure and it<br />
is not clear and easy to understand, and the<br />
process not practicable, then the direction will not<br />
be followed, and the mythology <strong>of</strong> the procedure<br />
process lost.<br />
11. You cannot develop a procedure without the<br />
consultation <strong>of</strong> all involved.<br />
12. The procedure will not fit into the real<br />
operation unless all are familiar with the process<br />
and how it is worded and to this its importance. A<br />
procedure must leave no questions, and have no<br />
confusing grey areas.<br />
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13. The workgroup will be unable to reach a safe<br />
ending if the procedure is lacking it detail and<br />
guidance.<br />
14. In the development <strong>of</strong> procedures, practice<br />
accuracy and target your audience and you will<br />
succeed.<br />
15. Whether to allow for deviations to the<br />
procedure or not, must be decided by unforeseen<br />
circumstances.<br />
16. Let your deviation be that <strong>of</strong> policy, your<br />
quality that <strong>of</strong> a plan<br />
17. Let you plans be open and transparent, when<br />
implemented, followed like a commitment.<br />
18. The leader will succeed who knows the<br />
importance <strong>of</strong> policy and procedure; such is the<br />
art <strong>of</strong> safety management.<br />
19. The basic principles <strong>of</strong> communication say;<br />
within the organisation, management plans are not<br />
heard, hence policy and procedures; nor can the<br />
57
leaders thinking be guessed, hence their<br />
commitments.<br />
20. Commitment, plans, policies, and procedures<br />
are means whereby the entire organisation can<br />
have a goal and directive. A means to gain<br />
knowledge.<br />
21. The leader thus forms one single united safety<br />
minded group, it is therefore almost impossible for<br />
hazards to become event. This is the art <strong>of</strong><br />
leading.<br />
22. When conducting complex tasks, make much use<br />
<strong>of</strong> procedures, when conducting new tasks, make<br />
much use <strong>of</strong> guidelines to direct the unknowing to<br />
the knowing.<br />
23. A whole organisation may be low in morale; a<br />
leader may be confused in their direction. But the<br />
procedures will remain and be the map.<br />
24. Now workers integrity is at best in the morning,<br />
by midday it has begun to drop, in the mid<br />
58
afternoon it has all but gone, their mind is on the<br />
end <strong>of</strong> day.<br />
25. A clever leader then knows to promote their<br />
policies early, and audits late when integrity is low;<br />
this is the art <strong>of</strong> effective management.<br />
26. Disciplined and in control, to see the visions<br />
and values in action amongst the organisation; this<br />
is the art <strong>of</strong> governance.<br />
27. To have high level safety procedures, while<br />
others are in disrepair and <strong>of</strong> poor quality; this is<br />
the art <strong>of</strong> consultation.<br />
28. To listen to your stakeholders, the ones that<br />
support your goals; this is the art <strong>of</strong><br />
communication.<br />
29. Such is the <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong><br />
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IIIX. Forcefulness <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong><br />
1. Mark Donnelly said: In safety, the <strong>of</strong>ficers receive<br />
their commands from the leader, they then direct<br />
their workers, and promote safety as if a division<br />
<strong>of</strong> the company. If promotion is not taken, then it<br />
must be forced upon.<br />
2. When the workers are in low safety morale, do not<br />
forgo these constant safety aspects. (1) In low<br />
safety moral where many are in pessimism about<br />
safety, support those that are positive. Do not<br />
allow for poor safety culture to spread. (2) In very<br />
bad safety cultures, you must resort to forceful<br />
safety management. (3) In extremely bad safety<br />
cultures, you must enforce severe disciplinary<br />
action. This is the forcefulness <strong>of</strong> safety<br />
management.<br />
3. There are risks that must not be taken, tasks<br />
which must be not conducted, workers which must<br />
not be overwhelmed, decisions which must not be<br />
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contested, pressures <strong>of</strong> the business which must<br />
not be relaxed.<br />
4. The leader who thoroughly understands the<br />
advantages that accompany forcefulness <strong>of</strong><br />
safety knows how to handle their workforce in<br />
such lax times.<br />
5. The leader, who does not understand these, may<br />
be well acquainted with the safe operation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
organisation, yet they will not be able to turn their<br />
knowledge to practical safety directives.<br />
6. So, the Leader and <strong>of</strong>ficers who are uneducated<br />
in the <strong>Art</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong>, in the art <strong>of</strong> forceful safety<br />
in extreme environments, even though they be<br />
familiar with the five safety factors, will fail to make<br />
safe their workers in such despair.<br />
7. Hence in the leader's plans, considerations <strong>of</strong><br />
positive and <strong>of</strong> negative safety will be blended<br />
together.<br />
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8. If the expectation <strong>of</strong> success be moulded in this<br />
way, the leader may succeed in accomplishing the<br />
essential part <strong>of</strong> forceful safety.<br />
9. If, on the other hand, in the midst <strong>of</strong> bad safety<br />
management the leader is not ready to improve<br />
through forceful safety, they will open the<br />
organisation to extreme consequences.<br />
10. The Leader must reduce the chance <strong>of</strong> a failing<br />
safety management system by constantly<br />
reviewing all policy and procedure; and make<br />
improvements to them, and keep them constantly<br />
revised; and to make new ones, and implement<br />
them cleverly. And In desperate times, forcefully<br />
promote them.<br />
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IIX. Monitor and Review<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said: We come now to the<br />
question <strong>of</strong> monitoring safety and understanding<br />
the consequences in lacking a proactive culture<br />
through revision. Control all risks, and know all<br />
hazards, thus you will succeed.<br />
2. Lead from the top, be open. Do not expect<br />
employees to lead safety.<br />
3. After the learning <strong>of</strong> a hazard, one must do<br />
everything to eliminate it in haste.<br />
4. When safety negative employees are careless in<br />
their actions, do not wait for a later time to<br />
interact, it is best to engage promptly, and reeducate<br />
swiftly, than to ignore.<br />
5. If you are anxious to act swiftly, do not wait for<br />
more than a day to pass before you engage the<br />
employees.<br />
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6. Use their unsafe acts as an example for them all<br />
to learn from, educate all on the worst case<br />
consequences.<br />
7. In finding damaged equipment, your action should<br />
be to repair or replace before the equipment is<br />
used again.<br />
8. If forced to use this equipment, you should use<br />
other safety controls, educate and slow down<br />
operations.<br />
9. If there is risk to the environment, seek<br />
environmental education and use appropriate<br />
controls.<br />
10. These are the useful guides <strong>of</strong> reviewing and<br />
monitoring which will enable the leader to maintain<br />
a good safety system and a positive safety<br />
culture.<br />
11. All successful leaders prefer proactive actions<br />
to reactive ones, and the revision and monitoring<br />
<strong>of</strong> such actions will keep a leader in control <strong>of</strong> risk.<br />
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12. If you are respectful to your employees, and<br />
provide practical safety knowledge, the collective<br />
workforce will be free from hazards, for they will<br />
monitor also.<br />
13. When you have a new employee, inaugurate<br />
them wisely, monitor their progress and review<br />
them after a period. Thus you will be acting for<br />
the benefit <strong>of</strong> all your employees.<br />
14. When, in midst <strong>of</strong> an event investigation, be sure<br />
to review all findings before rushing in with<br />
controls.<br />
15. Organisations in which is there is no method <strong>of</strong><br />
monitor or review, whom have complacent workers,<br />
uncaring workers, disgruntled workers, old school<br />
workers, then constant monitoring and revision<br />
needs to be applied at all times.<br />
16. While a leader may tend to not react hastily to<br />
such a bad safety culture, when given<br />
opportunities; such as meetings, they should<br />
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always review safety and then monitor the<br />
controls.<br />
17. If in implementation <strong>of</strong> controls, there be any<br />
workers who are naive, they must be known and<br />
understood; for these naive workers are events in<br />
waiting.<br />
18. When the naive worker does not monitor<br />
controls, the worker is always going to be a risk to<br />
all.<br />
19. When the naive worker keeps alo<strong>of</strong> and<br />
disregards safety revision, they are naive <strong>of</strong> the<br />
chance <strong>of</strong> causing great consequence.<br />
20. If the <strong>of</strong>ficers are incompetent, then they are<br />
fostering unsafe culture by not reviewing and<br />
monitoring for which actions would be derived.<br />
21. Positive reviewing and monitoring <strong>of</strong> safety<br />
practices shows to all; the business is being<br />
proactive.<br />
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22. The continual identification <strong>of</strong> already<br />
identified hazards is a sign <strong>of</strong> poor reviewing and<br />
monitoring. Failing to monitor actions means that<br />
an event is imminent.<br />
23. When there is a rise in hazards, it is a sign <strong>of</strong> a<br />
major failure approaching; when there is a rise in<br />
near misses, it is is a sign <strong>of</strong> a coming event, these<br />
are to pointing towards a process lacking in<br />
revision.<br />
24. Continual monitoring will raise issues that can<br />
be stopped. No monitoring will fail to raise issues<br />
and will give way to unwanted events.<br />
25. When revision is active and timely, then issues<br />
can be resolved. This is a process that aids in<br />
learning.<br />
26. <strong>Safety</strong> management without revision and<br />
monitoring using documented processes does not<br />
give trace to your efforts.<br />
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27. When there is event from casual factors, then<br />
much over reactive action ensues.<br />
28. When there is event form formal factors, then<br />
less over reactive action ensues.<br />
29. When safety culture is <strong>of</strong> low morale, then the<br />
workers have no goals.<br />
30. When hazards are not being reported, then<br />
maturity is <strong>of</strong> low scale.<br />
31. When workers do not act in improvement by way<br />
<strong>of</strong> monitoring and revision then for sure a failure<br />
will ensue.<br />
32. If failures are low, then monitoring <strong>of</strong> practices is<br />
in good repair, if failures are <strong>of</strong>ten then monitoring<br />
<strong>of</strong> practices is <strong>of</strong> poor repair.<br />
33. If the workforce is lax in their revision <strong>of</strong><br />
practices, then the leaders monitoring is weak. If<br />
the actions are never reviewed, then negligence is<br />
riff.<br />
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34. When the organisation forgives to production<br />
over safety, when the <strong>of</strong>ficers do not commit to<br />
revision and monitoring, showing they have lost<br />
their drive in safety, then you must know as the<br />
leader that you business is failing in safety.<br />
35. The hearing <strong>of</strong> rumours and speculation<br />
amongst your workforce in negative morale, points<br />
to a bad safety culture and lack <strong>of</strong> monitoring.<br />
36. To frequent <strong>of</strong> revision for being that <strong>of</strong> safe,<br />
signify that the workers are at the end <strong>of</strong> their<br />
tether. Too infrequent involvement to review and<br />
monitor by the leaders and <strong>of</strong>ficers will result in<br />
failure.<br />
37. To promote safety after the predicable end is<br />
forthcoming, after nil action, after no revision,<br />
after nil monitoring, will show supreme lack <strong>of</strong><br />
leadership skill.<br />
38. If your highly motivated workers are in extreme<br />
less numbers than that <strong>of</strong> the lax workers, only<br />
means that the safety culture has not been<br />
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monitored. All you can do is wait hope for no<br />
serious event to end your run.<br />
39. The proactive and pr<strong>of</strong>icient leader, who<br />
revises and monitors their activities at every level,<br />
though be it through great <strong>of</strong>ficers, is sure to ward<br />
<strong>of</strong>f any failure.<br />
40. If the leader advertises their safety commitments<br />
derived from revision and monitoring, the<br />
workforce will be always proactive in the actions,<br />
their moral will be high, their drive to reach goals<br />
strong, and their integrity in high array.<br />
41. Therefore the leader must be involved, and be<br />
connected, though be in also through their<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficers, this will be the road to success.<br />
42. If the leader is distant, rarely involved in revision,<br />
the workforce will begin to fail<br />
43. If the leader shows their safety commitments<br />
towards revision and monitoring, and the workers<br />
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show theirs, then the gain will be that <strong>of</strong> total<br />
business success.<br />
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IX. Hierarchy <strong>of</strong> Controls<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said: We may distinguish six kinds<br />
<strong>of</strong> controls: (1) Elimination; (2) Substitution; (3)<br />
Isolation; (4) Engineering; (5) administration; (6)<br />
Personal Protective Equipment.<br />
2. Elimination <strong>of</strong> risks in the workplace is <strong>of</strong> best<br />
practice.<br />
3. With regard to serious hazards <strong>of</strong> those needed<br />
to be eliminated, action these with timely manner,<br />
and educate your workers <strong>of</strong> these. Then you will<br />
be proactive in ridding these risks altogether.<br />
4. Risks that cannot be eliminated which still need to<br />
be undertaken, should be done using the others<br />
controls, you must work down the list, PPE being<br />
the last resort.<br />
5. From this mindset, if the hazard is controlled and<br />
made acceptable, the task may continue. But if<br />
the hazard has not controlled and is not made<br />
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acceptable, and you fail to control the hazard in<br />
any other way, then, events will ensue.<br />
6. When the risk owner is unsure <strong>of</strong> what hierarchy<br />
<strong>of</strong> control to use, then the risk owner is unsure <strong>of</strong><br />
the worst case consequence.<br />
7. In a position <strong>of</strong> this sort, even though the hazard<br />
may seem low risk, it will be advisable not to<br />
continue, but rather to step back and rethink, thus<br />
enabling the full consequence to be fully<br />
understood; then, when the hazard is fully<br />
understood, the risk owner can then use the<br />
appropriate control measures to mitigate that risk.<br />
8. With regard to inexperienced workers, if you can<br />
train them on these controls, you will let them be<br />
strongly prepared and you will eliminate the<br />
advent <strong>of</strong> the event occurring. This then the top<br />
level <strong>of</strong> control.<br />
9. Should the consequence be serious and prevents<br />
you from conducting the task; do not decide to try<br />
your luck; do not rely on probability or likelihood.<br />
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10. With regard to naive employees, if the leader is<br />
early with their recognition <strong>of</strong> these controls, they<br />
should have instilled a proactive safety mindset;<br />
there should be no disregard to the leader’s<br />
commitment to safety.<br />
11. If the naive employee does not respect the leaders<br />
commitment to control risk, do not ignore them,<br />
but re-educate and try to give them better<br />
understanding <strong>of</strong> the consequences <strong>of</strong> their<br />
inactions and the controls available to them.<br />
12. If the leader is located away from the task, and the<br />
workforce is not fully trained in these hierarchies<br />
<strong>of</strong> controls, it will not be easy to prevent event,<br />
and implementing reactive controls will not be<br />
adequate.<br />
13. These six hierarchies <strong>of</strong> controls are connected<br />
with a successful organisation. The Leader who<br />
has attained a responsible position must be<br />
prepared to study them and know them.<br />
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14. Now a workforce is always exposed to risks; not<br />
arising just from unknown factors, but from faults<br />
for which the leader is responsible. These faults<br />
are: (1) insensible; (2) noncompliant; (3) neglectful;<br />
(4) uncaring; (5) disorganised; (6) confused.<br />
15. Other conditions being equal, if one hazard is<br />
allowed against untrained employees, the result<br />
will be the insensibility <strong>of</strong> the employees.<br />
16. When the employees are too negative and their<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficers too weak, the result is general<br />
noncompliance. When the <strong>of</strong>ficers are too<br />
stringent and the common worker too naive, the<br />
result is failure.<br />
17. When the <strong>of</strong>ficers are angry and insubordinate,<br />
and on meeting the naive give battle on their own<br />
account from a feeling <strong>of</strong> resentment, before the<br />
leader can tell whether or not they are in a<br />
position to resolve, the result is loss. When the<br />
leader is weak and without authority; when their<br />
commitments are not clear and distinct; when there<br />
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are no fixed controls assigned to tasks, and the<br />
instructions are formed in a careless random<br />
manner, the result is utter disorganisation.<br />
18. When a Leader, unable to estimate the hazard<br />
consequence, allows for inferior mitigation <strong>of</strong> risk,<br />
or mitigates with a wrong control, and neglects to<br />
place the right person in control, the result must<br />
be failure.<br />
19. These are six ways <strong>of</strong> courting defeat, which must<br />
be carefully noted by the risk owner who has<br />
attained a responsible position.<br />
20. The correct application <strong>of</strong> any hierarchy <strong>of</strong><br />
control is the leader’s best ally; but a power <strong>of</strong><br />
estimating the hazard, <strong>of</strong> controlling the risk, and<br />
<strong>of</strong> accurately calculating difficulties, dangers and<br />
efforts, constitutes the test <strong>of</strong> a great leader.<br />
21. The leader who knows these things, and in<br />
application puts their knowledge into practice, will<br />
succeed. Those who knows them not, nor<br />
practices them, will surely fail.<br />
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22. If controlling risk is sure to result in victory, then<br />
you must mitigate risk at all costs.<br />
23. The leader who controls risk without wanting<br />
recognition and admits they are wrong without<br />
fearing humiliation, whose only thought is to<br />
protect their people and do good service for their<br />
organisation, is the master leader to which others<br />
should aspire.<br />
24. The leader, who regards their workers as most<br />
valuable, will have full trust amongst their workers;<br />
look upon them as your own beloved ones and<br />
they will stand by you and respect your position.<br />
25. If, however, the leader is generous, unable to make<br />
their authority felt; kind-hearted, but unable to<br />
enforce their commitments; and incapable,<br />
moreover, <strong>of</strong> controlling risks: then the workers are<br />
subject to failure.<br />
26. If the workers are competent in using hierarchy <strong>of</strong><br />
controls, but don’t address observed hazards,<br />
then risk management is not fully conducted.<br />
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27. If the workers know the observed hazards, but are<br />
unaware <strong>of</strong> what controls to use, then risk<br />
management is not fully promoted.<br />
28. If the workers know the hazard, and also know how<br />
to mitigate the risks through hierarchy <strong>of</strong> controls,<br />
but are aware <strong>of</strong> unseen potential hazards, then<br />
risk management is fully promoted.<br />
29. Hence the experienced, competent and safety<br />
consciences worker who knows controls, once<br />
undertaking a task, is never bewildered; once they<br />
have finished the task, they are never at a loss.<br />
30. Hence my saying: “If you know the hazards and<br />
know your controls, you need not fear the result<br />
<strong>of</strong> event; if you know hazards but not the controls,<br />
for every job gained you will also suffer an event. If<br />
you know neither the hazard nor control, you will<br />
succumb too many events and you will fail”<br />
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XII. The Use <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong> Champions<br />
1. Mark Donnelly said; the developing <strong>of</strong> a negative<br />
safety culture, <strong>of</strong> that <strong>of</strong> a few, to many workers<br />
and ordering them to do unsafe work entails heavy<br />
loss on the workers and is a drain on the resources<br />
<strong>of</strong> the organisation. The expenditure to the<br />
organisation will amount exponential losses.<br />
There will be confusion at work and abroad, and<br />
workers will suffer from many injuries. Many<br />
families will be impeded in these losses.<br />
2. Workers in organisation may face many<br />
unacceptable risks for years, though all wanting to<br />
go home as they arrived at work, fit and able. This<br />
being so, to remain unaware <strong>of</strong> the potential<br />
hazards, simply because the organisation dreads<br />
the outlay <strong>of</strong> a mature safety system, is the height<br />
<strong>of</strong> failing to meet their duty <strong>of</strong> care.<br />
3. The leader who fails in their due diligence is no<br />
leader <strong>of</strong> an organisation, no controller <strong>of</strong> their<br />
requirement, no successful leader.<br />
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4. Thus, what enables a smart leader and the good<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficers to help manage safety and succeed, and<br />
achieve a proactive safety culture within, is the<br />
implementation <strong>of</strong> safety champions.<br />
5. Now the use <strong>of</strong> safety champions cannot replace<br />
the leader’s obligation, nor relax their<br />
commitments, this level <strong>of</strong> commitment can only<br />
come from the top.<br />
6. Learning’s and observations can be obtained<br />
from many committed workers<br />
7. Hence the use <strong>of</strong> safety champions, <strong>of</strong> which<br />
there are 3 levels; (1) new workers (2) experienced<br />
workers (3) competent workers<br />
8. When these three levels <strong>of</strong> workers are acting as a<br />
team, this is what I call “synergised onsite safety”.<br />
It is the organisations most valuable tool in<br />
maintaining pure safety.<br />
9. Having safety champions means owning many<br />
safety <strong>of</strong>ficers within the organisation.<br />
10. Having new workers as safety champions; are<br />
naive to common workings and test practices.<br />
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11. Having experienced workers as safety<br />
champions; bestows knowledge to assist naive<br />
workers with answers and direction.<br />
12. Having competent workers as safety<br />
champions; grant the ability to <strong>of</strong>fer practical<br />
solutions and inform the <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>of</strong> divergent<br />
methods.<br />
13. Hence, it is that these levels combined as a team<br />
in which the leader, <strong>of</strong>ficers and all workers can<br />
trust on their health and safety. They should be<br />
respected and acknowledged for their<br />
contributions. The organisation should always<br />
repay their observations with gratitude.<br />
14. Workers can be <strong>Safety</strong> Champions if they<br />
have great innate safety sagacity.<br />
15. They can be proactive without the leader or<br />
<strong>of</strong>ficers influences or directions, and with those<br />
being near.<br />
16. Without this innate safety sagacity, the safety<br />
champion may not fulfil their obligation <strong>of</strong><br />
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protection. A safety champion must be rightfully<br />
chosen.<br />
17. Be respectful, be respectful and use your<br />
safety champions to everyone’s advantage.<br />
18. If any form <strong>of</strong> information is raised by a safety<br />
champion that is <strong>of</strong> valid concern, it must be<br />
accepted as important and action must be<br />
forthcoming.<br />
19. Whether it be via documentation or direct<br />
consultation, the leader or <strong>of</strong>ficers should thank<br />
the identifier and the team, and advertise the<br />
safety issue to all within the organisation. <strong>Safety</strong><br />
champions must be initiated to reduce risk.<br />
20. Any negative workers, who see the positive<br />
acknowledgement <strong>of</strong> the safety champion, may<br />
wish to forgo their safety negativity and strive to<br />
become the next safety champion. Thus even<br />
without this title, they will be safety conscience at<br />
all times while leading up to their chance.<br />
21. It is through the leaders’ acknowledgement <strong>of</strong> a<br />
job well done by the once negative worker that<br />
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those will quickly aid in the guidance and<br />
development <strong>of</strong> other new future safety<br />
champions.<br />
22. It is owing to the safety champions, that the<br />
hazards and unsafe conditions be removed and<br />
that the organisation has full compliance and<br />
success.<br />
23. Lastly, it is by the proactive actions provided,<br />
that the learnings be used many times over.<br />
24. The ultimate goal <strong>of</strong> having safety champions at<br />
all levels, is the leader’s total commitment to<br />
protecting their organisation in all its entirety; the<br />
workers, the families, the friends, the future. All<br />
workers knowing this will become safety<br />
champions, with or without the title.<br />
25. The organisation may be old, or maybe young,<br />
it may be solid or it maybe week. But with safety,<br />
your organisation will always be successful.<br />
26. Hence it is the smart leader, the smart <strong>of</strong>ficers,<br />
the smart workers and all safety champions, with or<br />
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without title who will achieve the best result<br />
possible.<br />
27. People are the leaders best asset, safety is the<br />
highest aspiration...this is the art <strong>of</strong> <strong>Safety</strong><br />
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If safety is, the most important thing we can<br />
own, the most important thing we can<br />
educate, the most important thing we can do,<br />
the most important thing to life itself, then<br />
why do we then not embrace it as the most<br />
valuable mechanism we have at our disposal.<br />
All <strong>of</strong> us have access to safety, but many<br />
prefer only to have access to it in hindsight.<br />
–<br />
-Mark Donnelly-<br />
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