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A Global Organizaon for Mass Control and Milk Quality Make Responsible Treatment Choices Mass is the most common reason for anbioc use in dairy cale. And according to Pol and Ruegg (Journal of Dairy Science, 2005) and Saini, et al., (Journal of Dairy Science, 2012), 65 to 85 percent of anbiocs are used to treat or prevent mass. Given these stascs, Pam Ruegg, University of Wisconsin extension milk quality specialist, said it’s vital that veterinarians and dairy farmers use anbiocs responsibly to maintain public trust. Consumer concern about anbioc resistance and livestock anbioc use is growing. During her Naonal Mass Council (NMC) Regional Meeng presentaon in June, Ruegg shared principles of effecve anbioc use on dairy farms. Substanal anbioc use Anbioc use on dairies is significant. Ninety percent of dairies use intramammary anbiocs to treat mass (Naonal Animal Health Monitoring System, 2104). Addionally, most masc cows also receive a whole body or systemic treatment. Too oen, anbiocs are given intramammary (IMM) to treat mass when no bacterial growth is present. “This is the most challenging anbioc use to Responsible Anbioc Use jusfy,” Ruegg stated. Herd veterinarians should develop and assess protocols. Efforts to reduce anbioc use on dairy farms must focus on prevenon and appropriate treatment of mass. This can be done through best management pracces for mass treatment. Idenfy all animals with permanent idenficaon. Examine the cow before administering an anbioc. Provide good animal care. Use a treatment team and limit who is allowed to give treatments. A bacterial infecon should be present. Understand allowable drug use. As the first choice, use a narrow‐spectrum drug. Ruegg said that once you’ve Give anbioc for as short a duraon as possible to yield an effecve determined that responsible cure. drug use is a high priority for your dairy operaon, the next Avoid extra‐label drug use. (Refer to “Drug Residues in Dairy Beef: Room queson is: Where do you for Improvement” in the August 2016 issue of Udder Topics, which start? She provided these addresses extra‐label drug use.) thoughts. First, establish the treatment team – milking technicians, herd managers/ Double check cull cows’ treatment records and history reports. owners and veterinarians – and define their roles. Milking technicians should detect mass, collect and Connued on page 8 8
A Global Organizaon for Mass Control and Milk Quality Make Responsible Treatment Choices Connued from page 7 properly store quarter milk samples (for pathogen determinaons), discard abnormal milk and then nofy a herdsperson/owner for further examinaon of the cow. “No treatment decisions should be made in the parlor. You do not have me there to make a treatment decision,” Ruegg stated. For cows needing further examinaon, the herdsperson should assign a severity score to determine if immediate treatment is necessary and work closely with the herd veterinarian to ensure compliance with approved treatment protocols. Cows that present with severe clinical mass (CM) are medical emergencies and require immediate symptomac treatment. Cows that present with non‐severe CM do not require immediate treatment. For these cases, review the cow’s medical history and only administer anbiocs if the cow may benefit from treatment. Customize treatments Environment and prevalent pathogens vary from dairy to dairy. “Work with your herd veterinarian to develop appropriate treatment protocols – customized for your dairy operaon,” Ruegg noted. To develop appropriate treatment protocols, Ruegg said, you’ll need to do some “CSI” (cowside invesgaon) work. Don’t give anbiocs to cows that are unlikely to benefit. For example, cows that have a previous diagnosis of mass caused by a refractory pathogen (e.g., Mycoplasma bovis, Staph. aureus, Prototheca and Serraa) should not receive anbiocs. Most likely, cows with these infecons will not respond to anbioc treatment. Similarly, do not treat cows that have chronic mass symptoms (three or more CM cases during the current lactaon or more than 4 months of SCC greater than 200,000 cells/mL). In these instances, discard abnormal milk (usually about four to six days) and monitor these cows in case mass severity progresses. (This does not happen oen.) For proper anbioc selecon (and determine if needed) and therapy duraon, idenfy the bacteria causing a mass infecon. Also, consider parity, stage of lactaon and history of previous clinical or subclinical mass cases before choosing and using an anbioc to treat clinical mass. These factors influence the probability of successful immune responses and cure aer intramammary infecons (Burvenich et al., 2003; Pinzon‐Sanchez and Ruegg, 2011). Work closely with your veterinarian to ensure that drugs are used appropriately on cale. And, establish a wrien agreement with your veterinarian that defines the veterinarian’s role. This agreement forms the basis for ensuring proper drug use and oversight that minimizes the risk of milk and/or meat drug residues. Resources regarding extra‐label drug use can be found on the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database website (www.farad.org). 9
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