UnitOneTwo_ReviewBook

Skill Building 4 Adults: Writing
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Inquiry Unit One & Two
Writing: Simple Past, Present & Future

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Dear Learners:
​
This workbook will assist with English writing skills. Printing the
workbook, reviewing the grammar points, practicing the writing,
and organizing your ideas will assist with successful completion of
Inquiry Unit One & Two. You will see:
➢ Grammar Rules & Functions​ - ​This section will allow learners to review the points
​ discussed in ​Inquiry Unit ​One & Two and practice some of the basic skills required
when writing
➢ Knowledge Checks​ - will give you the opportunity to practice writing and verify
your understanding.​ ​Reminder: You will ​NOT​ become a better writer if you do not
write!
➢ Keynotes​ - will assist learners with study tips and ways to remember specific skills
Helpful Tips
· Keep all your writing drafts and brainstorms together in an online folder because this
will help you remember the hard-work you have done, and the steps you have taken to
become a better writer
· If you’re having trouble use the discussion forums or ask to speak with an instructor
· Spend a lot of time on the early stages of building writing skills: understanding functions,
organizing ideas, and focus on improving. Do ​NOT​ focus on perfection
· Participate in discussions or create discussions that will assist with answering questions.
You can comment or create new discussions as often as you’d like! :)

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Table of Contents
Helpful Tips
Table of Contents
Notes
Inquiry Unit One Knowledge Review
Simple Past: Basic Rules
Simple Present: Basic Rules
Simple Future Tense: Basic Rules
Writing Sentences: Word Order
Word Order
Punctuation & Capitalization: Sentences
Writing with Organization
Organizing Ideas: Simple Sentences Using Simple Past
Grammar & Vocabulary Definitions
Notes

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Notes

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Inquiry Unit One: Knowledge Review
Succeed In:
❏ Understanding Simple Past, Present & Future Grammar: Function, Use, Rules
❏ Organizing basic sentence structure
❏ Developing logical sentences
❏ Identifying simple grammatical mistakes when writing

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Simple Past: Basic Rules
What is Simple Past?
Simple Past is used to explain an action that began and finished in the past.
These sentences are simple past:
● I walked to the store.
● I ate hamburgers for lunch.
● I swam in the ocean.
Time expressions are used with simple past to explain a specific time in the past - yesterday,
last night, last year, ago.
●
●
●
I walked to the store ​yesterday.
I ate hamburgers for lunch​ last night.
I swam in the ocean ​two years​ ​ago.
Keynote: Writing numbers 1-9 should be spelled out - One, Three, Five. 10+ can be written
numerically - 15, 11, 32.
What is needed to write Simple Past?
Verb base form + ed
Verb Base Form Verb -ed Simple Past
Walk Walk Walk - ed Walked
Watch Watch Watch - ed Watched
Clean Clean Clean - ed Cleaned
Keynote: A verb is an action. Base form means a word with nothing (prefix/suffix) added to it (e.g., -ed,
-ing).

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Simple Past: Verb Forms
There are two different verb forms when using simple past.
Regular Verbs
Add -ed to the base of an action verb
Walk = walked
Change ‘y’ to ‘i’ then add -ed
Study = studied
Irregular Verbs
Do not have rules. You must practice writing and using the verbs in the
simple past to write these verbs correctly.
Eat = Ate
Fly = Flew
Drink = Drank
*a list of irregular verbs can be found under the “Syllabus and Guides” tab on the website
Knowledge Check:​ Fill in the correct form of the verb.
Base
Simple Past
Teach
Wrote
Watched
Sleep
Discover
Know
Tore

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What is Simple Present?
Simple Present: Basic Rules
Simple Present is used to explain an action that is fact, routine, or a habit.
These sentences are simple present:
● I walk to the store.
● I eat hamburgers for lunch.
● I swim in the ocean.
Adverbs of Frequency​ are used with simple present to explain the frequency of an action -
always, often, usually, sometimes, never.
●
●
●
I walk to the store ​sometimes.
I ​usually eat hamburgers for lunch.
I ​often swim in the ocean​.
Additional time expressions include:
● Every​ ​day, week, year, month, hour, minute
● On Friday (any day of the week)
Keynote: Adverbs of Frequency go BEFORE a main verb (except To Be).
What is needed to write Simple Present?
Verb base form
Verb Base Form Verb Simple Present
Walk Walk Walk
Watch Watch Watch
Clean Clean Clean
Keynote: A verb is an action. Base form means a word with nothing (prefix/suffix) added to it (e.g., -ed,
-ing).

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Simple Present: How to make this tense!
Remember ​Simple Present is used to talk about routines, habits, and facts. When writing you can
use​ Simple Present to talk about yourself (1st Person) or someone/something else (3rd person).
Keynote: You must add -s, -es, -ies to the verb when writing in 3rd person
Knowledge Check:​ Create ​Simple Present ​sentences with the​ Simple Past​ verbs.
Simple Past Words
Ex: Taught
I teach every weekend.
Simple Present Sentences
Typed
Watched
Drank
Cheated
Knew
Ate

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Simple Future Tense: Basic Rules
What is Simple Future?
Simple Future tense is used to explain an action that will happen in the future.
These sentences are future tense:
● I will walk to the store.
● I am going to eat hamburgers for lunch.
● I will swim in the ocean.
Are there different forms of Simple Future?
There are two different forms of Simple Future ​'will + verb' and '​Be verb + going to + verb.'
Simple Future: ​Will
'Will + verb' often explains a voluntary action, promise, or request.
●
●
I will call you back.
Will you call me back?
Simple Future:​ Be verb + Going to+verb
'Be+Going to+verb' explains a plan.
●
I am going to travel next year.
Simple Future: ​Will & Going to
'Will' & 'Going to' can both be used to explain the prediction of a future action.
●
●
I will become a better English writer.
I am going to become a better English writer.

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Time expression adverbs used with simple future - always, only, never, ever, still, just.
●
●
●
I ​will​ always love you.
I ​am going to​ ​only drink water.
I​ will​ never learn math​.
What is needed to write Simple Future?
Knowledge Check:​ Label the verb tense in the following sentences. Past (PST),
Present (P), Future (F).
Sentence Simple Past Simple Present Simple Future
I look at pictures.
I am going to go to sleep.
I always clean my house on Sunday.
I am going to go to dinner with friends.
I knew she was lying.

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Writing Sentences: Word Order
What is a sentence?
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.
I drank.
(This is not a complete sentence, the reader would not understand what the subject “I” drank)
I drank coffee.
(This is a complete thought, so it is a complete sentence because the reader will understand
what the subject “I” drank)
Is there more than one type of sentence?
There is more than one type of sentence in English, in ​Unit One we will focus on the first two
types - Simple and Compound:
Simple:​ also called ​"Independent Clause" has a (S)ubject, a (V)erb (sometimes referred to as a
predicate), and an (O)bject.
Subject Verb Object
Students like pizza.
Tiffany plays the piano.
Jonathan watched football.

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Compound:​ has two simple sentences (two independent clauses) connected by a conjunction.
Conjunctions = for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Simple Sentence Conjunction Simple Sentence
I tried to learn a new
language
, but it was too difficult.
Jonathan watched football , so Tiffany played piano.
Students like pizza , yet they also like beer.
Keynote: An easy way to remember conjunctions - FANBOYS: ForAndNorButOrYetSo. Conjunctions
usually have a comma (,) before them.
What are the specific parts to a sentence?
To create a logical sentence you need to make sure you have the basic parts required to write a
complete sentence. The basic requirements for a sentence includes a subject (noun), a verb
(action), and an object (receiver of action).
Subject
The subject (noun) is who or what you are writing about. Who or what is
performing the action (verb).
Noun = Person, Place, Thing
Pronoun = Replaces a noun to prevent repetition
Noun
Person
Place
Thing
Pronouns
I
She
He
They
It
We
Ex:
Jonathan (subject/noun) wanted to play the piano. Also, he (subject/noun=Jonathan)
wanted to play the guitar.
Keynote: Pronouns (not including I) should only begin with a capital letter if it begins a new
sentence.

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Verb
A verb is an action. It is what the subject does in the sentence. You change the base
form of the verb to explain when an action happens.
Verb
Walk
Drink
Talk
Scream
Simple Past Verb
Walked
Drank
Talked
Screamed
Types of Verbs: There are more than 10 types of verbs in English. However, we will
only discuss the basic verbs used to write logical sentences. Action verbs are shown
above.
.
Be Verb
*Also called linking verbs: shows relationship
between the subject of a sentence and noun
Explains a state of being: Am, Is, Are
I ​am​ happy.
We​ are​ hungry.
She​ is​ funny.
⇊
I ​was​ happy.
We ​were​ happy.
She ​was​ funny.
Action Verb
Auxiliary Verb
Expresses an action:
Walk
Run
Talk
Helping Verb: Do, Have, Be
Helps show tense or ask a question.
I did homework. (Simple Past = did)
Did you do your homework? (question)

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Modal Auxiliary Verbs ● Can
● Could
● May
● Might
● Must
● Ought to
● Shall
● Should
● Will
● Would
Object
Often follows a verb and receives the action in the sentence. There are two types of
objects:
1. Direct Object: who or what is affected by the action
● She slammed ​the door.
● The store has ​no electricity.
2. ​ Indirect Object:​ receives or is affected by the direct object
● She slammed ​the door on​ his hand.
● The store had ​no electricity in ​the cereal aisle.
Knowledge Check: ​Change the verbs to Simple Past.
1. Last year I (go) ___________ to Chicago.
2. The movie (be) ____________ fantastic.
3. I (eat) _____________ lots of delicious food. I (be) __________ with my
friends.
4. Last night, I (exercise) ______________ at the gym.
5. In the evening I (watch) ________________ television.
6. The weather (be) __________ very hot last week.
7. It (not / rain) _____________ a lot last April.
8. We (see) ____________ some beautiful animals in Costa Rica.

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Word Order
It is important to place the parts to a sentence in the correct order so that the reader will
understand what you are writing.
Subject ​(S) Verb ​(V) Object​(O)
She drank water.
Sarah saw the movie.
They ran a marathon
Incorrect placement will confuse the reader, so it is important to avoid word order mistakes:
Examples of incorrect word order:
❏ I coffee drank.
❏ Ate hamburgers she.
Knowledge Check:​ Correct the word order mistakes and incomplete sentences. ​Place all
sentences in simple past.
Ex: I pizza like.
I liked pizza.
He drive.
Write he sentences.
I climb.
The drinks water cat.
Knowledge Check: ​Label the sentences as simple or compound. S = Simple/C=Compound
Ex: I watched a movie.
S
I wanted to travel, but I decided to stay home.
I will drink hot chocolate.

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I am going to play basketball with friends, and she is going to go to the
mall.
I ate chicken, yet I was still hungry.
Knowledge Check:​ Error Correction. Read the following passage. Identify grammar,
punctuation, and sentence mistakes. Rewrite the passage with the corrections.
I talk about my dog. He name is john. he like to eat a lot like
meat, snacks, vegetables and fruit. there's no food that he
does not eat, and he sleeps always with me on the bed but
sometimes he does because he scared. he going is to get a
haircut next week. After he finishes his haircut I take him will
to play in a park. He act charming even though he sometime
causes trouble but I love him so much.
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Punctuation & Capitalization: Sentences
A key to writing complete sentences is punctuation. Basic correct sentence punctuation
includes - a period (​.​), comma (​,​), question mark (​?​), exclamation point (​!​)
Period
Question Mark
Exclamation Point
Note: Do not use this too much!
Comma
Use a period at the end of a sentence.
Ex. I was very tired.
Use a question mark at the end of a sentence
when asking a question.
Ex. ​Are you happy?
Use an exclamation point to express emotion.
Ex.
We won!​ ​(happy)
I’m going to miss my boyfriend! ​(sadness)
You are being so rude!
(irritation)
1. Use a comma to separate a series of words.
Ex.
I like pizza, hamburgers, and steak.
2. Use a comma when using a transition
word:
However,​ she was sad.
Moreover​, he was angry.
Actually,​ I was not mad.
*A transition word or phrase connects one
idea to another
3. Use a comma when you want to connect
two sentences together using conjunctions:
and, but, so, or
I saw a movie​, and​ I went to Bomun.
I went to the movies by myself​, but​ I wanted
to go with friends.
I went to the movies​, so​ I wouldn’t be bored.
I had to choose between eating popcorn,
candy​, or​ I could eat a hotdog.

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Capitalization
1. All sentences should begin with a capital
letter.
S​he was laughing very hard.
2. The letter ​‘I’​ should always be a capital
letter unless it is part of a word.
I​ want chicken. She is not sure if ​I​ ​want to go.
3. Names should begin with a capital letter.
A​na ​G​raves
W​on ​S​u ​K​im
4. Names of states, countries, cities, and
brands.
P​aris
S​outh ​K​orea
C​alifornia
P​epsi
S​amsung
Knowledge Check: ​Read the paragraph below.
Correct the errors that you find. (Punctuation & Capitalization)
lisa grew up in a huge family she had six older sisters. all of them were very Beautiful. This
made Lisa feel very bad. because She knew she looked nothing like them. Lisa had even heard
People say she was the ugly sister.
As teens the girls spent every weekend out on dates but Lisa always stayed home alone. Her
Sisters spent their days combing their hair and putting on makeup. lisa spent her days
reading and studying so Her sisters laughed at her a lot
As adults, all her sisters got married young. They all had Handsome husbands with no brains.
Lisa went to College became a rich scientist and traveled the world.

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Writing with Organization
Now that you have reviewed the necessary requirements to write sentences using simple past,
simple present, simple future, basic sentence structures, and correct word order, we will focus
on the importance of organizing our thoughts so that these concepts are properly
communicated when we write.
Organizing your ideas before you begin writing full
paragraphs is the best way to create logical
sentences. Some learners feel comfortable creating
outlines, others prefer mind maps, and many choose
to free write ideas. It is your choice as a writer to
choose the best method to become a strong writer.
However, we will review how mind maps or outlines
will assist with improving writing skills.

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Organizing Ideas: Simple Sentences Using Simple Past
The best way to organize ideas is through a concept map or an outline. A concept map (also
known as mind map) is a visual representation of your thoughts. Often the main idea is in the
middle, and the ideas about the main idea are connected. Boxes, circles, or lines are usually
used to connect to the main idea.
An outline is a list of thoughts or ideas listed in a hierarchal manner (most important: 1 to least
important: 10).
Both approaches to organizing your thoughts will assist in becoming a better English writer.

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How to Begin the Process!
● Decide what or who you want to write about using a concept map or
outline
● What or who you want to write about will be the ​(S)​ubject of your sentence
● Once you have your ​(S)​ubject, add details -​ (V)​erbs
● Put your ​(V)​erbs in the correct tense. This will make it easier to remember
when you begin writing your sentences.

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● After you’ve completed your concept map, write your sentences using the
correct word order and punctuation.
Subject Simple Past Verb Object
My cat drank water.
My cat ate snacks.
Subject Simple Present Verb Object
My cat drinks water.
My cat eats snacks.
Keynote: Practicing thought organization by using concept maps or outlines will help you when it’s time to
write full paragraphs.

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Knowledge Check:​ Create a concept map or outline. Use the concept map or outline to create 5
sentences.
Concept Map or Outline
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Grammar & Vocabulary Definitions
1. Adjective: ​Description of a noun (ex: pretty, funny, hot, fat)
2. Capitalization: ​Writing a word with an UPPERCASE letter
followed by lowercase letters
3. Clause: ​A sentence, or part of a sentence (including a Subject and a
Verb)
4. Concept Map: ​Visual organization of ideas and thoughts (also
known as a mind map)
5. Gerund: ​A noun made from a verb by adding -ing (ex: read =
reading - ​Reading helps build vocabulary.)
6. Infinitive: ​Usually begins with To + verb (ex: I like ​to swim.)
7. Object: ​a noun that receives the action from the subject
8. Outline:​ List of ideas or thoughts in hierarchal (most important to
least important) form
9. Predicate: ​Verb
10. Punctuation:​ Marks used to separate sentences or clarify
meaning
➔Period =​ .
➔Comma = ​,
➔Exclamation Point = ​!
➔Semicolon = ​;
➔Question Mark = ​?
11. ​Sentence:​ group of words containing a (S)ubject and (V)erb
expressing an idea
12. ​Verb:​ Action

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Notes