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CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM IN KENYA: An Audit 1. Cell Register Findings...……………............………………………83 Number of detentions in police cells......……………………………………………………………………83 Offence or reason for police detention........…………………………………………………………………85 Nuisance offences...………………………………………………..................………………………86 Traffic offences..................……………………………………………........…………………………86 Immigration offence......……………………………………………………................………………87 State offences.....……………………….…………………………..............................………………87 • State offences: Alcohol regulations...………………………….............…………………………..87 • State offences: environmental laws.....…………………….........…………………………………88 • State offences: Gambling.....………………………….....……………………………………….89 • State offences: others forms of regulation........……………….............……………………………89 Offences involving violence..........…………………………………………………………………….89 Property offences.....…………………………………………………………………………………90 Day of arrest.......………………………………………………………………………………… ………90 Type of offence and day of arrest ……………….......…………………………………………………90 Reason for release......…………………………………………………………………………………......90 Duration of detention in police cells.......……………………………………………………………………92 Constitutional provisions.......…………………………………………………………………………92 Record-keeping………………………………………....………………………………........………92 Overall trends...............………………………………………………………………………………93 Trends by location........………………………………………………………………………………94 Trends by day of week...........…………………………………………………………………………95 Compliance with 24-hour rule and state liability..........…………………………………………………96 Estimating liability for deprivation of liberty.........………………………………………………………96 Duration, reason for release and day of arrest...........……………………………………………………96 Condition of person on detention and on release..........………………………………………………………97 Condition on detention.........………………….………………………………………………………97 Condition on release...........…………………………………………………………………………98 2. Charge Register Findings......…………...….............................….98 Number of charges to court……………….....…………………………………………………………….98 Conversion rate of arrests to charges in court, by location...........……………………………………….99 Ratio of petty offence to serious offence charges............……………………………………………….101 Types of offences in charges to court........………………………………………………………………….102 Conversion rate of arrest to charges, by offence type..........……………………………………………103 6
Duration of charges........………………………………………………………………………………….105 Duration from offence to court.....…………………………………………………………………….105 Duration from offence to result.........………………………………………………………………….105 Conclusion........…………………............………………………………………………………105 Recommendations ..........…………………………………………………………………………….106 Legislative framework ..…………………………………………………………………………….106 Regulatory offences....…………………………………………………………………………….106 Policy and Practice.....…………………………………………………………………………….108 • Halting unlawful arrests........………………………………………………………………….108 • Ensuring compliance with the 24-hour rule........………………………………………………….108 • Improving prosecution.....……………………………………………………………………….109 2.2. Subordinate Court’s Findings....................................................110 Subordinate Courts – Magistrates’ Courts.....……………………………………………………………….110 Methodology.....………………………………………………………………………………….............110 Court Register Sampling.....………………………………………………………………………….110 Findings.........................…………………………………………………………………………….111 Number of enrolments in Magistrates’ courts.........…………………………………………………….111 Number of accused.........…………………………………………………………………………..113 Repeat accused......………………………………………………………………………………….113 Offences.........................……………………………………………………………………………….113 Categories of offences....………………………………………………………………………….114 Property offences...……………………………………………………………………………….115 Nuisance offences..……………………………………………………………………………….115 State regulation offences.....……………………………………………………………………….115 Simplification of categories.....…………………………………………………………………….116 Bail.....…………………………………………………………………………………........................116 Bail by offence type............………………………………………………………………………….116 Outcomes.........………………………………………………………......................…………………117 Outcomes by bail...........……………………………………………………………………….........….117 Outcomes by offence and offence category............………………………………………………………….117 Outcomes by location.............…………………………………………………………………………….119 Sentences.........……………………………………………………………………………................120 Categories of sentencing.........…………………………………………………………………….122 7
Page 3 and 4: National Council on the Administrat
Page 5 and 6: 12 13 14 10 11 15 9 8 7 6 16 17 18
Page 7: Right to liberty and security of th
Page 11 and 12: Bail amounts..............………
Page 13 and 14: Ensuring legal presentation........
Page 15 and 16: Practices around children....……
Page 17 and 18: 5.7. Access to sport and religious
Page 19 and 20: The Prisons....................…
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommen
Page 23 and 24: IPOA JTF KNCHR LRF LSK MHA NCAJ NPS
Page 25 and 26: Population Sample Sampling The popu
Page 27 and 28: Our new Constitutional order demand
Page 29 and 30: Consultants: Rtd. Lady Justice Mary
Page 31 and 32: A key finding from the audit study
Page 33 and 34: Methodology The audit targeted eigh
Page 35 and 36: It was necessary to categorize offe
Page 37 and 38: Historical Development of Criminal
Page 39 and 40: not be remanded in custody for offe
Page 41 and 42: More safeguards against the abuse o
Page 43 and 44: prisons has been the practice in Ke
Page 45 and 46: esearch shows that “there has bee
Page 47 and 48: on the next normal Court day. 48 Th
Page 49 and 50: Every child accused of having infri
Page 51 and 52: other detainees in special cells. 6
Page 53 and 54: Migrants in Kenya are upon arrest a
Page 55 and 56: ofthe inmates and guards. Currently
Page 57 and 58: In some cases, such deprivations am
Page 59 and 60:
even elements of violations of pris
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♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ Clear stipulat
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individual has to be released. No i
Page 65 and 66:
Standards of Conditions of Detentio
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well prepared and well served, as w
Page 69 and 70:
is an important factor as all inter
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Moreover, prison records showed tha
Page 73 and 74:
The guidelines were launched on 1 s
Page 75 and 76:
Paralegals also play a great role i
Page 77 and 78:
The Police Service still faces a nu
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esource mobilization and the ring-f
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and transgender prisoners), the Cou
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2.1 Kenya Police Findings In this s
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Voi 200 7.05 100.00 Total 2,835 100
Page 87 and 88:
Murang’a 4,500 3.11 97.24 Makueni
Page 89 and 90:
Immigration offence This is a very
Page 91 and 92:
illegal because it is in a national
Page 93 and 94:
Table 7: Reason for release from po
Page 95 and 96:
and negative values, the duration o
Page 97 and 98:
Maua 19.15 48.88 68.03 13.16 18.8 V
Page 99 and 100:
clear difference between Saturdays
Page 101 and 102:
Table 14: Charges referred from pol
Page 103 and 104:
Makueni 2,918 1,400 48% Nyali 6,760
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Violent Offences 2 4,970 10.96 69.1
Page 107 and 108:
of law enforcement officers rather
Page 109 and 110:
esult in administrative fines, whic
Page 111 and 112:
Improving prosecution There appears
Page 113 and 114:
epresenting cases enrolled in 14 Ma
Page 115 and 116:
Nakuru 6,600 Nakuru 7,900 Nyali 4,0
Page 117 and 118:
Malicious Damage 1,117 2.07 96.91 P
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more serious offences were more lik
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elow shows the composition of guilt
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was imposed in 20% of cases, CSO’
Page 125 and 126:
Duration of cases In 63% of observa
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Durations for incomplete cases Some
Page 129 and 130:
perception that the criminal trial
Page 131 and 132:
Policy and practice Rationalising t
Page 133 and 134:
Children’s Court Register Samplin
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This brings into the question the a
Page 137 and 138:
Offences All observations relating
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is a lower percentage than was obse
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(4) Where a case to which paragraph
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Some 37% of cases did not have an o
Page 145 and 146:
Perhaps it is time for a serious co
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surveyed is represented in the tabl
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Nakuru 280 9.52 95.24 Nyeri 140 4.7
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Figure 3: Tribe or cultural affilia
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Drugs 4 0.14 15.47 Drugs, Possessio
Page 155 and 156:
Duration in Remand Recall that for
Page 157 and 158:
Conclusions on Remand Homes Remand
Page 159 and 160:
Legislative Framework Recidivism Th
Page 161 and 162:
Table 1: Observations in the Crimin
Page 163 and 164:
Increased Sentence 48 0.88 56.69 Li
Page 165 and 166:
• Property offence cases more lik
Page 167 and 168:
• One-year completion rates The d
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Ensuring legal representation The h
Page 171 and 172:
Methodology As indicated above in t
Page 173 and 174:
Nyeri Women (Capital 15 3.10 90.08
Page 175 and 176:
42 12 1.45 87.88 43 6 0.73 88.61 44
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4 14 2.27 76.18 5 9 1.46 77.63 6 7
Page 179 and 180:
Findings: Men on Remand Number of m
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43 25 0.26 89.39 44 84 0.88 90.27 4
Page 183 and 184:
Farmer 370 5.79 36.47 Fisherman 45
Page 185 and 186:
Offences The largest category among
Page 187 and 188:
Conclusion The profile of remand de
Page 189 and 190:
Table 1: Observations drawn from pr
Page 191 and 192:
Male admissions The total number of
Page 193 and 194:
Immigration 2,874 3.68 25.06 Malici
Page 195 and 196:
37 632 2.11 83.48 38 434 1.45 84.93
Page 197 and 198:
50 42 0.46 94.32 51 35 0.38 94.70 5
Page 199 and 200:
Tugen 4 0.02 100 Nandi 2 0.01 100 P
Page 201 and 202:
Offences against Children 0.21 1.38
Page 203 and 204:
Farmer 299 3.81 11.96 Fish Monger 1
Page 205 and 206:
Lawyers and paralegals to investiga
Page 207 and 208:
Courts Martial Courts Martial exerc
Page 209 and 210:
“(5) Despite clauses (1) and (2),
Page 211 and 212:
days thereafter unless the accused
Page 213 and 214:
That there were two observations fr
Page 215 and 216:
out on bond pending appeal. Corpora
Page 217 and 218:
The trial took two months before it
Page 219 and 220:
Case Study 5: Private E Private E w
Page 221 and 222:
Fair trial rights mean private defe
Page 223 and 224:
Thus the offence is not dealt with
Page 225 and 226:
Note there was initially no provisi
Page 227 and 228:
Internal Disciplinary Processes of
Page 229 and 230:
227
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3.1. Conditions of detention at sel
Page 233 and 234:
♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦ ♦♦
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6. Access to toilets International
Page 237 and 238:
detainees do not stay for very long
Page 239 and 240:
conflict with the law may be remand
Page 241 and 242:
Nairobi Nairobi, Nairobi 2/12/2015
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(2) Where the case of a child appea
Page 245 and 246:
the same offence. For cases in a co
Page 247 and 248:
♦♦ ♦♦ Rules 31-34, and 37 o
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5.5 Adequate food and drinking wate
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♦♦ ♦♦ Rules 49-55 of the Un
Page 253 and 254:
(Nairobi). All children qualifying
Page 255 and 256:
7.4 Discipline The UNSMR require th
Page 257 and 258:
9. Complaints and inspection proced
Page 259 and 260:
Persons deprived of liberty shall b
Page 261 and 262:
Deficiencies in service delivery ar
Page 263 and 264:
17. Serious consideration should be
Page 265 and 266:
♦♦ the level of occupation of t
Page 267 and 268:
CJS AUDIT 2015(CASE FLOW MANAGEMENT
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Makueni 8 0 0 0 6 Marsabit 3 0 0 0
Page 271 and 272:
the prohibition of torture is a sub
Page 273 and 274:
some concern that there was such va
Page 275 and 276:
is, however, more problematic. Some
Page 277 and 278:
case of terrorism offences, the rem
Page 279 and 280:
The available square meter per pers
Page 281 and 282:
The poor conditions of police build
Page 283 and 284:
The UNSMR, in Rule 24(1), states th
Page 285 and 286:
the detainee’s expense and may be
Page 287 and 288:
All the stations confirmed that det
Page 289 and 290:
to apply alternative measures. When
Page 291 and 292:
13. Recommendations As is the case
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19. All police stations should be i
Page 295 and 296:
♦♦ the level of occupation of t
Page 297 and 298:
Kisii 02/09/2015 Kisii Women 27/08/
Page 299 and 300:
The Prisons Table 3 presents the ba
Page 301 and 302:
♦♦ ♦♦ Rule 87(a) of the Uni
Page 303 and 304:
Record keeping The International Co
Page 305 and 306:
during consultations. This is viola
Page 307 and 308:
♦♦ Rules 31-34, 47 and 48 of th
Page 309 and 310:
Langata Women 6.3 17 107.1 97 1.10
Page 311 and 312:
Shimo La Tewa). From Shimo La Tewa
Page 313 and 314:
Compliance with religious dietary r
Page 315 and 316:
Bedding The Persons Deprived of the
Page 317 and 318:
some prisons do have a nurse that i
Page 319 and 320:
From all 26 prisons was it reported
Page 321 and 322:
of prisons reported that body cavit
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♦♦ reduction in stage, or forfe
Page 325 and 326:
Incident register All the prisons r
Page 327 and 328:
that can be accommodated at any one
Page 329 and 330:
practices were reported from Meru a
Page 331 and 332:
Children present a particularly vul
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Voi 150 100 1.5 Langata Women 655 4
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15. Prisoners require a more varied
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335
Page 339 and 340:
Overall Conclusions on Case Flow Ma
Page 341 and 342:
help to further extract children fr
Page 343 and 344:
It is recommended that the followin
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of countries in Africa have set the
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ecords are being typed manually. Ex
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in respect of court holding cells.
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People with disabilities are partic
Page 353 and 354:
Research Assistants Name Allan Odhi
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Problem/ Findings 1. Significant pr
Page 357 and 358:
3. 70% of the cases referred to cou
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Problem/ Findings 1. Magistrate Cou
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Problem/ Findings Desired situation
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3. 47% of pretrial detainees are il
Page 365 and 366:
Problem/ Findings 1. More Children
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3. 15% of children were remanded in
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6 High number of children held in p
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2. High rate of imprisonment leadin
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4. Conditions of detentions are not
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(Footnotes) 1. Article 159 (2)(c) o
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Court the maximum period of remand
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