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QuEChERS Approach for <strong>Pesticide</strong>s 259 7. General Inspectorate for Health Protection. (1996) Analytical Methods for <strong>Pesticide</strong> Residues in Foodstuffs, 6th ed., Ministry of Health Welfare and Sport, The Netherlands. 8. Fillion, J., Sauvé, F., and Selwyn, J. (2000) Multiresidue method for the determination of residues of 251 pesticides in fruits and vegetables by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. AOAC Int. 83, 698–713. 9. Sheridan, R. S. and Meola, J. R. (1999) Analysis of pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables, and milk by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J. AOAC Int. 82, 982–990. 10. Lehotay, S. J. (2000) Determination of pesticide residues in nonfatty foods by supercritical fluid extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 83, 680–697. 11. Anastassiades, M., Lehotay, S. J., Stajnbaher, D., and Schenck, F. J. (2003) Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and “dispersive solidphase extraction” for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J. AOAC Int. 86, 412–431. 12. Lehotay, S. J., Hiemstra, M., van Bodegraven, P., and de Kok, A. (2005) Validation of a fast and easy method for the determination of more than 200 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using gas and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. J. AOAC Int. 88, 595–614. 13. Lehotay, S. J., Mastovská, K., and Lightfield, A. R. (2005) Use of buffering to improve results of problematic pesticides in a fast and easy method for residue analysis of fruits and vegetables. J. AOAC Int. 88, 615–629. 14. Lehotay, S. J., Mastovská, K., and Yun, S.-J. (2005) Evaluation of two fast and easy methods for pesticide residue analysis in fatty food matrices. J. AOAC Int. 88, 630–638. 15. Fajgelj, A. and Ambrus, Á. (eds.) (2000) Principles and Practices of Method Validation, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, pp. 179–295. 16. Hill, A. R. C. and Reynolds, S. L. (1999) Guidelines for in-house validation of analytical methods for pesticide residues in food and animal feed. Analyst 124, 953–958. 17. Stry, J. J., Amoo, J. S., George, S. W., Hamilton-Johnson, T., and Stetser, E. (2000) Coupling of size-exclusion chromatography to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for determination of trace levels of thifensulfuron-methyl and tribenuron-methyl in cottonseed and cotton gin trash. J. AOAC Int. 83, 651–659. 18. Erney, D. R., Gillespie, A. M., Gilvydis, D. M., and Poole, C. F. (1993) Explanation of the matrix-induced chromatographic enhancement of organophosphorus pesticides during open tubular column gas chromatography with splitless or hot on-column injection and flame photometric detection. J. Chromatogr. 638, 57–63. 19. Erney, D. R. and Poole, C. F. (1993) A study of single compound additives to minimize the matrix induced chromatographic response enhancement observed in the gas chromatography of pesticide residues. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 16, 501–503. 20. Erney, D. R., Pawlowski, T. M., and Poole, C. F. (1997) Matrix-induced peak enhancement of pesticides in gas chromatography: is there a solution? J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 20, 375–378. 21. Schenck, F. J. and Lehotay, S. J. (2000) Does further clean-up reduce the matrix enhancement effect in gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues in food? J. Chromatogr. A 868, 51–61. 22. Hajslová, J., Holadová, K., Kocourek, V., et al. (1998) Matrix-induced effects: a critical point in gas chromatographic analysis of pesticide residues. J. Chromatogr. A 800, 283–295.
260 Lehotay 23. Hajslová, J. and Zrostlíková, J. (2003) Matrix effects in (ultra)trace analysis of pesticide residues in food and biotic matrices. J Chromatogr A. 1000, 181–197. 24. Anastassiades, M., Mastovská, K., and Lehotay, S. J. (2003) Evaluation of analyte protectants to improve gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides. J. Chromatogr. A 1015, 163–184. 25. Mastovská, K. and Lehotay, S.J. (submitted) Optimization and evaluation of analyte protectants in gas chromatographic analysis. Anal. Chem. 26. Mol, H. G., van Dam, R. C., and Steijger, O. M. (2003) Determination of polar organophosphorus pesticides in vegetables and fruits using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry: selection of extraction solvent. J. Chromatogr. A 1015, 119–127. 27. Klein, J. and Alder, L. (2003) Applicability of gradient liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to the simultaneous screening for about 100 pesticides in crops. J. AOAC Int. 86, 1015–1037. 28. Zrostlíková, J., Hajslová, J., Poustka, J., and Begany, P. (2002) Alternative calibration approaches to compensate the effect of co-extracted matrix components in liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues in plant materials. J. Chromatogr. A 973, 13–26. 29. Niessen, W. M. A. (ed.) (2001) Current Practice of Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry, Dekker, New York. 30. Mastovská, K. and Lehotay, S. J. (2003) Practical approaches to fast gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1000, 153–180. 31. Cochran, J. W. (2002) Fast gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry of polychlorinated biphenyls and other environmental contaminants. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 40, 254–268. 32. Niessen, W. M. (2003) Progress in liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry instrumentation and its impact on high-throughput screening. J Chromatogr A 1000, 413–436. 33. Amirav, A. and Dagan, S. (1997) A direct sample introduction device for mass spectrometry studies and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses. Eur. Mass Spectrom. 3, 105–111. 34. Lehotay, S. J. (2000) Analysis of pesticide residues in mixed fruit and vegetable extracts by direct sample introduction/gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J. AOAC Int. 83, 680–697. 35. Patel, K., Fussell, R. J., Goodall, D. M., and Keely, B. J. (2003) Analysis of pesticide residues in lettuce by large volume–difficult matrix introduction–gas chromatography– time of flight–mass spectrometry (LV–DMI–GC–TOF–MS). Analyst 128, 1228–1231. 36. Matisová, E. and Domotorová, M. (2002) Fast gas chromatography and its use in trace analysis. J. Chromatogr A 1000, 199–221. 37. Amirav, A., Gordin, A., and Tzanani, N. (2001) Supersonic gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 15, 811–820. 38. Mastovská, K., Lehotay, S. J., and Hajslová, J. (2001) Optimization and evaluation of low-pressure gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for the fast analysis of multiple pesticide residues in a food commodity. J. Chromatogr. A 926, 291–308. 39. Mastovská, K. and Lehotay, S. J. (submitted) Evaluation of common organic solvents for gas chromatographic analysis and stability of multiclass pesticide residues. J. Chromatogr. A. 40. Martinez Vidal, J. L., Arrebola, F. J., and Mateu-Sanchez, M. (2002) Application to routine analysis of a method to determine multiclass pesticide residues in fresh vegetables by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 16, 1106–1115.
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TM METHODS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY � 19
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M E T H O D S I N B I O T E C H N O
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© 2006 Humana Press Inc. 999 River
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vi Preface candidates for a relevan
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viii Contents 9 Analysis of Pentach
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x Contents 30 On-Line Admicelle-Bas
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xii Contributors JANE C. CHUANG •
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xiv Contributors JOHN PATSIAS • A
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4 Martínez Vidal et al. excellent
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6 Martínez Vidal et al. Table 1 MS
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8 Martínez Vidal et al. 7. Check t
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F2 10 Martínez Vidal et al. where
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12 Martínez Vidal et al. 11. Inter
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14 Martínez Vidal et al. 11. Kohlm
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Pyrethroids in Blood Plasma and Uri
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19 Fig. 1. Metabolism of the pyreth
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36 Barr et al. Because the metaboli
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38 Table 1 Pesticides Included in t
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40 Barr et al. 4. Spike the first p
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42 Table 3 High-Resolution Mass Spe
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44 Table 3 High-Resolution Mass Spe
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46 Barr et al. 4. Griffin, P., Maso
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OCPs in Human Fluids by SPDE and GC
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62 Barr et al. exposures (2). For c
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64 Table 1 The Target Analytes, Abb
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66 Fig. 1. Structures of target ana
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68 Barr et al. Table 3 Pesticides a
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70 Barr et al. 3.2.3.2. NATIVE STAN
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72 Barr et al. 8. Inject each sampl
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74 Barr et al. Table 5 Optimized Pr
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76 Barr et al. 3.7.4. Intra- and In
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78 Barr et al. 11. Hill, R. H., Jr.
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80 Fustinoni et al. Fig. 1. Molecul
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82 Fustinoni et al. Develop the che
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84 Fustinoni et al. the ETU and ETU
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86 Fustinoni et al. 3.3. Biological
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88 Fustinoni et al. of pesticides s
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2,4-D and MCPA in Human Urine 91 7
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2,4-D and MCPA in Human Urine 93 4.
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2,4-D and MCPA in Human Urine 95 Ta
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2,4-D and MCPA in Human Urine 101 F
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2,4-D and MCPA in Human Urine 103 6
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106 Jardim, Pozzebon, and Queiroz S
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108 Jardim, Pozzebon, and Queiroz 3
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110 Jardim, Pozzebon, and Queiroz A
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112 Zhang been widely used to detec
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114 Zhang 3. Maintain the ion sourc
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116 Zhang Fig. 1. Mass ion chromato
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118 Zhang 15. Crespin, M. A., Galle
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120 Knopp The search for alternativ
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122 Knopp 4. Dissolve 40 mg BSA in
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124 Knopp Fig. 2. Scheme of tracer
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126 Knopp Fig. 3. Flow chart of the
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128 Knopp Fig. 4. Phenoxyalcanoic a
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130 Knopp 18. No or only minimal sa
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HTS-IS-ELISA for Biomonitoring Chlo
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150 van Hemmen, van der Jagt, and B
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166 Glass the collector and the mom
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168 Glass 3.2.1. Selection of Appli
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170 Glass Fig. 2. A field layout fo
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172 Glass questions that may arise
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174 Glass 3.5.3. Labeling of Media
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176 Glass Again, this can be relate
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Determination of Insecticides in In
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185 Fig. 3. Total ion current (TIC)
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187 Fig. 5. TIC chromatogram (y-axi
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Exposure to Malathion and Metabolit
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Page 219 and 220: 208 Araque et al. tive xenoestrogen
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Page 248 and 249: QuEChERS Approach for Pesticides 23
Page 262 and 263: 253 Table 2 Conditions for the GC-M
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Page 273 and 274: 264 Di Muccio et al. 1. Introductio
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Page 295 and 296: 286 Barker shorten turnaround time,
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Page 305 and 306: 296 Barker 43. Pico, Y., Molto, J.
Page 307 and 308: 298 Picó ultraviolet absorbance, i
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Residues in Grain and Dried Foodstu
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320 Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, Papadak
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326 Table 4 Method Validation Data:
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α-Hexachlorocyclohexane in Food 33
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Screening of Pesticides by HS-SPME-
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361 Table 3 (Continued) Recoveries
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In-Tube SPME-LC-MS of Herbicides in
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379 Fig. 7. Total ion and SIM chrom
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LC/LC for Pesticide Analysis 383 29
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LC/LC for Pesticide Analysis 385 Fi
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LC/LC for Pesticide Analysis 389 re
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LC/LC for Pesticide Analysis 391 4.
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LC/LC for Pesticide Analysis 399 sa
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LC/LC for Pesticide Analysis 403 19
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406 Pérez-Bendito, Rubio, and Meri
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412 Table 2 Mean Recovery (%) and (
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Molecular Imprinted Solid-Phase Ext
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436 Papadopoulou-Mourkidou, Patsias
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438 Fig. 1. Simplified flow diagram
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Analysis of Organotins by GC-HRMS 4
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457 Table 1 Calibration Curves for
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459 Table 4 Summary of Positive Ion
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Triazine in Water 467 34 Determinat
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Triazine in Water 469 with various
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Triazine in Water 471 Fig. 1. A chr
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Triazine in Water 473 Fig. 2. LC/AP
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475 Table 3 General Conditions Used
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Triazine in Water 477 (>60%) except
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Triazine in Water 479 13. Koskinen,
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482 Rodríguez-Mozaz, López de Ald
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Index 491 Index Adipose tissue anal
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Index 493 high-throughput screening
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Index 495 Food analysis, see Atrazi
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Index 497 HPLC, see High-performanc
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Index 499 quality control, 98 recov
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Index 501 Pyrethroids, air sampling
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Index 503 Uncertainty, estimation,
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