Interest

TRUMP’S RUSSIANS
End Notes
1 Author’s estimates; see globalhavenindustry.com
for more details.
2 For an overview and critical discussion, see Peter
Rutland, “Mission Impossible? The IMF and
the Failure of the Market Transition in Russia”
Review of International Studies (Fall 1999), pp.
183-200.
3 See Lawrence Klein and Marshall Pomer, Russia’s
Economic Transition Gone Awry (Stanford University
Press, 2002); see also James S. Henry
and Marshall Pomer, “A Pile of Ruble,” New
Republic, September 7, 1998.
4 See Michelle Lee, “Fact Check: Has Trump Declared
Bankruptcy Four or Six Times?” Washington
Post, September 26, 2016. This report
counts six bankruptcies of the Trump Organization,
but excludes failed projects like the
Trump SoHo, the Toronto condo-hotel, the
Fort Lauderdale condo-hotel, and many others
in which Trump was a minority investor or had
simply licensed his brand.
5 For example, the Swiss federal and cantonal corporate
registries, available at http://zefix.admin.ch/.
6 See “Offshore Leaks Database,” the International
Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ).
The database draws on the “Panama Papers,”
and was created in April 2016.
7 Trump’s minority equity deal with Bayrock was
unlike many others, where he simply licensed
his name. See Michael Idev, “ Trump Soho
Is Not an Oxymoron,” New York Magazine,
March 30, 2008.
8 “I dealt mostly with Tevfik,” he said in 2007.
Wayne Barrett, “Inside Donald Trump’s Empire:
Why He Didn’t Run for President in
2012,” Daily Beast, May 5, 2011.
9 Trilogy Properties LLC vs. SB Hotel Associates
LLC, Case No. 1:09-cv-21406-KMW, Document
408, United States District Court Southern
District of Florida (November 26, 2013),
p. 15.
10 “Tevfik Arif,” Kazakh Business Bulletin.
11 Bayrock reported its co-ownership of six Rixos
hotels in a 2007 press release. Bayrock Group
LLC, “Bayrock Group Increases Stake in Midtown
Miami Mixed-Use Development,” PR
Newswire, July 27, 2007.
12 See also Elnur Salihovic, Major Players in the
Muslim Business World (Universal-Publishers,
2015), p.107; and Rowena Mason, “U.S. Ambassador
Unimpressed by Food at Oligarch
Alexander Mashkevich’s House,” Telegraph,
December 1, 2010.
13 See also Alastair Fraser & Miles Larmer, Zambia,
Mining, and Neo-Liberalism (Palgrave
Macmillan, 2010); Jason Bennett, “The Belgian
Billionaire George Arthur Forrest, Who
Was Named in the “Kazakhgate” Affair by the
French Site Mediapart on Monday, Denies Any
Involvement,” Brussels Times, June 17, 2015;
and Alain Lallemand, Philippe Regnier, and
Beatrice Delvaux, “Le parquet de Bruxelles enquête
‘Kazakhgate’: Tractebel confirme, sans
commentaire,” Le Soir, December 28, 1999.
14 According to the Panama Papers database, “International
Financial Limited” was registered
on April 3, 1998, but is no longer active today,
although no precise deregistration date is available.
See “International Financial Limited,”
Offshore Leaks Database, ICIJ.
15 According to the Panama Papers, “Group Rixos
Hotel” is still an active company, while three
of the four companies it served were struck off
in 2007 and the fourth, Hazara Asset Management,
in 2013.
16 Yana Pevzner & Thiya Barak, “A Billionaire in
Stormy Waters,” Yediot Aharonot, March 29,
2011.
17 See also Yazıcı Dostu Gösterim, “Savarona
zanlıları sorgulanırken, İsmailov adliyeye
gitti,” TurizmGüncel.com, October 2, 2010;
and Jerome Bastion, “Machkévitch et ses complices
blanchis par la justice turque,” Le Grand
Soir, May 26, 2011.
18
Trilogy Properties LLC vs. SB Hotel Associates
LLC, Document 408, p. 16.
19 The exact date that Sater joined Bayrock is unclear.
A New York Times article says 2003, but
this appears to be too late. See Charles V. Bagli,
“Real Estate Executive With Hand in Trump
Projects Rose From Tangled Past,” New York
Times, December 17, 2007. Sater says 1999,
but this is too early. A certified petition filed
with the U.S. Supreme Court places the time
around 2002, which is more consistent with
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