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It must be recalled that with the year 2001 we are also entering the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World (2001–2010) and will be celebrating the United Nations Year of Dialogue among Civilizations. Peace research and training institutions respond to all these universal measures and priority objectives; and the United Nations is grateful to them for their willingness and their aptitude for playing a key role in peace-building, in that their research can throw light not only on the causes of conflicts but also on how to establish and then consolidate a just and lasting peace afterwards; moreover, their training activities produce a multiplier effect in terms of civilian actors for peace, tolerance and solidarity. They can do much to create conditions for a dynamic promotion of human security, inseparable from human development, as the annual Human Development Reports of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have clearly shown, particularly since 1994. The theme you have chosen to look at in detail, ‘What Agenda for Human Security in the Twenty-first Century?’, is a central concern of many societies with the general realization of growing international action for security and the protection of individuals. Efforts to ensure the security of individuals and communities must today be conducted in unison by all players in society, with heed for the fact that the globalization under way requires new forms of interdependence concerning all spheres of life in society, without exception. I will not dwell upon the far-reaching changes to the concept of security that have come about in recent years, since a consensus is emerging on the multidimensional nature of security and the basic foundation needed for its construction, that is, respect for all the rights proclaimed in the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Like human rights, human security is indivisible; like human rights, human security must 22
also be universal. Hence action for human rights has become a central prerequisite to all the programmes and activities of the United Nations system, since human security demands respect for and implementation of all human rights, including the various fundamental freedoms, the right to dignity and the right to development. I should like, for my part, to return to some aspects I see as essential and that deserve emphasis and, above all, incorporation in the work you are embarking on today at UNESCO. First, there is no getting away from the harsh fact that intra-state or internal conflicts persist despite the huge efforts in recent years by the international community, whether under United Nations auspices or through the regional intergovernmental organizations to which the Charter of the United Nations gives a major role in maintaining peace and security. The United Nations peace-keeping forces are present in sixteen countries in the world and step in to maintain an often purely notional peace, as they cannot end conflicts or try to alleviate the suffering and the consequences that peoples, particularly women and children, suffer in these regions of the world. Non-state forces and paramilitary groups, which are often predatory and closely linked to the most diverse trafficking, in particular of drugs and armaments, go unpunished in many countries, with the constant risk of perpetuating conflicts and spreading them regionally. The figures say it all: the internal conflicts of the past ten years have left more than 5 million dead and produced 25 million refugees worldwide. The international community has come to realize in the past decade that intra-state conflicts call for new approaches in preserving and maintaining peace. 23
Page 1 and 2: What Agenda for Human Security in t
Page 3 and 4: Editors: UNESCO Social and Human Sc
Page 5 and 6: Contents Foreword 11 Opening Ceremo
Page 7 and 8: Human security: An academic perspec
Page 9 and 10: Agenda for Action of the Internatio
Page 11 and 12: The meeting, whose objectives were
Page 13 and 14: contributing to the implementation
Page 15 and 16: Inaugural speech by Mr Koïchiro Ma
Page 17 and 18: enrich the concept of human securit
Page 19: Keynote address on the promotion of
Page 23 and 24: The AIDS pandemic was recently desc
Page 25 and 26: Keynote address on the Canadian ini
Page 27 and 28: development. Human security provide
Page 29 and 30: arise. At the United Nations, for e
Page 31 and 32: Presentation of the International Y
Page 33 and 34: ‘Education should be engaged in t
Page 35 and 36: First Round Table The main challeng
Page 37 and 38: endeavour as a whole. And then to b
Page 39 and 40: Peace and human security in Africa
Page 41 and 42: question occurs to me: why is there
Page 43 and 44: • We have seen the looting of min
Page 45 and 46: 2 The Internet and computer technol
Page 47 and 48: Education: a matter of all and for
Page 49 and 50: cancellation. This would ease the b
Page 51 and 52: World lobbying campaign to promote
Page 53 and 54: Security in Africa: State formation
Page 55 and 56: century America, the state is today
Page 57 and 58: The loss of the coherence of the st
Page 59 and 60: countries have been drawn into conf
Page 61 and 62: It is evident that HIV/AIDS will ex
Page 63 and 64: • social disruption resulting in
Page 65 and 66: force through control over the secu
Page 67 and 68: Second Round Table The main challen
Page 69 and 70: At this rather vague halfway point
Page 71 and 72:
international relations and legal v
Page 73 and 74:
human security all over the world.
Page 75 and 76:
‘Security, in an objective sense,
Page 77 and 78:
Belatedly, members of the IR commun
Page 79 and 80:
The ‘Humpty Dumpties’ of politi
Page 81 and 82:
solved without delay such a problem
Page 83 and 84:
• Security by which means? This i
Page 85 and 86:
The international system, in its tu
Page 87 and 88:
• Economic strength may also be s
Page 89 and 90:
‘reciprocal security’ or ‘coo
Page 91 and 92:
certainly were, very little was ach
Page 93 and 94:
The furthering of interdependence,
Page 95 and 96:
The limitations of state-centric se
Page 97 and 98:
However, it remains to be seen whet
Page 99 and 100:
French culture). 58 Unfortunately,
Page 101 and 102:
It might, for example, become a soc
Page 103 and 104:
Religion and gender Even though ‘
Page 105 and 106:
Both these topics also have obvious
Page 107 and 108:
developing state invest heavily in
Page 109 and 110:
years, where ‘Hobbesian Warre’
Page 111 and 112:
globalization, producing a relative
Page 113 and 114:
most serious indirect war effects.
Page 115 and 116:
Balkans below. Hence the need for a
Page 117 and 118:
The attempted, and eventually succe
Page 119 and 120:
is little doubt that the Serb regim
Page 121 and 122:
After the war, the returning Kosova
Page 123 and 124:
Third Round Table The main challeng
Page 125 and 126:
Nearly eight years after the El Sal
Page 127 and 128:
Economic violence The statistics te
Page 129 and 130:
international attention, the human
Page 131 and 132:
Human Security: an academic perspec
Page 133 and 134:
All these priorities are expressed
Page 135 and 136:
growing in significance - the Latin
Page 137 and 138:
security has to be repositioned at
Page 139 and 140:
The current historical period facil
Page 141 and 142:
frameworks for cooperation. They em
Page 143 and 144:
egion, and damage to civil society.
Page 145 and 146:
We need to know why force is used.
Page 147 and 148:
in some dimensions with strong mono
Page 149 and 150:
The principal challenges to the pro
Page 151 and 152:
Returning to the theme of this meet
Page 153 and 154:
• A different, although complemen
Page 155 and 156:
unemployment and social marginaliza
Page 157 and 158:
environmental damage as that of two
Page 159 and 160:
Today, certain facts are clearly re
Page 161 and 162:
Fourth Round Table The main challen
Page 163 and 164:
egions. A notable example is the Eu
Page 165 and 166:
have seen the beginning of this new
Page 167 and 168:
In order to respond strategically t
Page 169 and 170:
about 50 per cent. Standards of pro
Page 171 and 172:
of cooperation between the stakehol
Page 173 and 174:
a view to legitimizing the exercise
Page 175 and 176:
Fifth Round Table The main challeng
Page 177 and 178:
continent’s economic growth and d
Page 179 and 180:
their aspirations than ever: the ge
Page 181 and 182:
‘Thus the events of 1997-98 - the
Page 183 and 184:
either a nuclear accident or a prot
Page 185 and 186:
account alternative definitions of
Page 187 and 188:
War, even if (still!) hegemonic dis
Page 189 and 190:
MASTANDUNO, Michael. 2000. Models,
Page 191 and 192:
Main challenges facing the promotio
Page 193 and 194:
or traditional security discourse a
Page 195 and 196:
environmental - but that neverthele
Page 197 and 198:
number of human lives lost through
Page 199 and 200:
medical treatment, while in Afghani
Page 201 and 202:
Gender violence and human rights vi
Page 203 and 204:
Closing Session
Page 205 and 206:
majority of the participants consid
Page 207 and 208:
- The need to reinforce the capacit
Page 209 and 210:
and challenges. The concept of secu
Page 211 and 212:
- The need for good governance for
Page 213 and 214:
particular at local level involving
Page 215 and 216:
8. The development of human resourc
Page 217 and 218:
Agenda for Action of the Internatio
Page 219 and 220:
Appendices
Page 221 and 222:
Programme First International Meeti
Page 223 and 224:
10.20 a.m. Presentation of the Secu
Page 225 and 226:
11.00 a.m.- Fifth Round Table 1.00
Page 227 and 228:
Accordingly, human security, as set
Page 229 and 230:
notion of human security by noting
Page 231 and 232:
Major-General Jamil D. Ahsan Direct
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Mr Jean-Paul Charnay President Cent
Page 235 and 236:
Ms Moufida Goucha Director, Peace a
Page 237 and 238:
Mr François Mabille Deputy Directo
Page 239 and 240:
Mr Rodrigo Montaluisa Vivas Interna
Page 241 and 242:
Mr Giuliano Pontara President Inter
Page 243 and 244:
Mr Timothy M. Shaw Visiting Profess
Page 245 and 246:
Mr George Wachira Director Nairobi
Page 247 and 248:
H.E. Mr Louis Hamel Canada Mr Hamel
Page 249 and 250:
In addition to being the author of
Page 251 and 252:
Relations between the Americas for
Page 253 and 254:
Major-General Jamil D. Ahsan Bangla
Page 255 and 256:
To contribute, all you need to do i
Page 257 and 258:
Recalling its resolution 52/15 of 2
Page 259 and 260:
(h) Eliminating all forms of discri
Page 261 and 262:
B Programme of Action on a Culture
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technical cooperation should be pro
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(b) Encouragement of development of
Page 267 and 268:
(b) Support activities in the conte
Page 269 and 270:
economic and social development by
Page 271 and 272:
problems through dialogue and negot
Page 273 and 274:
Other UNESCO publications of intere
Page 275 and 276:
Report on the Seminar on the Dialog
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