NG PROJE

ULU MOSQUE
ULUDAG
PIRINC HAN
THE GREEN MAUSOLEUM
IRGANDI BRIDGE
SHOPPING CENTERS CONCERTS AND FESTIVALS SPORTS
RESTAURANTS TRANSPORTATION KARAGOZ HACIVAT
FAMOUS FOOD OF BURSA EDUCATION IMAGES FROM BURSA

Index:
Introduction of Bursa 1
History of Bursa 2
Beaches 3
Parks and Gardens 4
Museums 4
Bazaars 4
Mosques 5
Koza Inn 6
The Irgandi Bridge 6
Ulu Mosque(Grand Mosque) 7
The Green Mausoleum 8
Pirinc Han 9
Shopping Centers 10
Restaurants 13
Famous Food of Bursa 14
Karagoz&Hacivat 17
Bursa – May Concerts and Festivals 18
Transportation 19
Education 19
Sports 20
Nicea (Iznik) 21
Hot springs and thermal baths 22
Other historic monuments 22
Images from Bursa 23

Bursa
Introduction of Bursa
Bursa is a large city in Turkey, located in northwestern Anatolia, within
the Marmara Region. It is the fourth most populous city in Turkey and one of
the most industrialized metropolitan centres in the country. The city is also the
administrative centre of Bursa Province.
Bursa was the first major and second overall capital of the Ottoman
State between 1335 and 1363. The city was referred to
as Hüdavendigar (meaning "God's gift") during the Ottoman period, while a
more recent nickname is Yeşil Bursa (meaning "Green Bursa") in reference to
the parks and gardens located across its urban fabric, as well as to the vast and
richly varied forests of the surrounding region. The ski resort of Mount
Uludağ towers over it. The mountain was called the Mysian Olympus by
the Romans who lived there before. Bursa has rather orderly urban growth and
borders a fertile plain. The mausoleums of the early Ottoman sultans are
located in Bursa and the city's main landmarks include numerous edifices built
throughout the Ottoman period. Bursa also has thermal baths and several
museums, including a museum of archaeology.
The shadow play characters Karagoz and Hacivat are based on historic
personalities who lived and died in Bursa. Bursa is also home to some of the
most famous Turkish dishes such as İskender kebap, specially candied marron
glacés, peaches and Turkish Delight. Bursa houses the Uludağ University, and
its population can claim one of the highest overall levels of education in
Turkey. The historic towns of İznik (Nicaea), Mudanya and Zeytinbağı are all
situated in Bursa Province.
In 2015, Bursa had a population of 2,340,000, while Bursa Province had
2,842,000 inhabitants.
1

Bursa
History of Bursa
The earliest known human settlement near Bursa's current location was at
Ilıpınar Höyüğü around 5200 BC. It was followed by the ancient Greek city
of Cius, which Philip V of Macedon granted to Prusias I, the King of Bithynia, in
202 BC. Prusias rebuilt the city and renamed it Prusa . After 128 years of
Bithynian rule, Nicomedes IV, the last King of Bithynia, bequeathed the entire
kingdom to the Roman Empire in 74 BC. An early Roman Treasure was found in
the vicinity of Bursa in the early 20th century. Composed of a woman's silver
toilet articles, it is now in the British Museum.
Bursa became the first major capital city of the early Ottoman Empire following
its capture from the Byzantines in 1326. As a result, the city witnessed a
considerable amount of urban growth throughout the 14th century. After
conquering Edirne (Adrianople) in East Thrace, the Ottomans turned it into the
new capital city in 1363, but Bursa retained its spiritual and commercial
importance in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman sultan Bayezid I built
the Bayezid Külliyesi (Bayezid I theological complex) in Bursa between 1390
and 1395 and the Ulu Cami (Grand Mosque) between 1396 and 1400. Bursa
remained to be the most important administrative and commercial centre in
the empire until Mehmed II conqueredConstantinople in 1453. The population
of Bursa was 45,000 in 1487.
During the Ottoman period, Bursa continued to be the source of most
royal silk products. Aside from the local silk production, the city imported raw
silk from Iran, and occasionally from China, and was the main production
centre for the kaftans, pillows, embroidery and other silk products for the
Ottoman palaces until the 17th century.
Following the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, Bursa became one
of the industrial centres of the country. The economic development of the city
was followed by population growth and Bursa became the 4th most populous
city in Turkey.
The city has traditionally been a pole of attraction, and was a major centre for
refugees from various ethnic backgrounds who immigrated to Anatolia from
the Balkans during the loss of the Ottoman territories in Europe between the
late 19th and early 20th centuries. The most recent arrival of Balkan Turks took
place in the 1940s until the 1990s, when the communist
regime in Bulgaria expelled approximately 150,000 Bulgarian Turks to
Turkey. About one-third of these 150,000 Bulgarian Turkish refugees
eventually settled in Bursa.
2

Bursa
Beaches
Armutlu beach
Orhangazi beach
Kumla beach
Mudanya beach
Kursunlu beach
3

Bursa
Parks and Gardens
Uludag National Park
The highest area in western
Anatolia, Uludag is easily
ascended by car or cable-car. The
park is about 22 km (14 mi) south
of Bursa and is signposted from
there. Bursa can be reached by
road from Istanbul. The cable-car
ascends from Bursa and
has an intermediate stop in the
alpine meadows of Kadiyayla at
about 1,200 m (3,937 ft) elevation.
It ends at Sarialan at about 1,630 m
(5,348 ft).
Habitats of the park range from
maquis on the lower slopes,
through deciduous woodland and
beech and fir forest to alpine
meadows at the highest levels.
Bursa Zoo and Botanical Garden
Museums
Bursa Archaeological Museum
Bursa Archaeological Museum,
shortly Bursa Museum, is a national
museum in Bursa, Turkey,
exhibiting archaeological artifacts
found in and around the province.
Bursa Atatürk Museum
Bursa Turkish Architecture
Museum
Bursa Islamic Works Museum
Tofas Museum of Cars and
Anatolian Carriages
The Tofas Museum of Cars and
Anatolian Carriages is a
private transport museum in Bursa,
Turkey owned by the Turkish
automobile maker Tofas and
dedicated to various carriages
from Turkey and Tofasmanufactured
cars. It was opened on
June 30, 2002.
Bazaars
Yıldırım Bazaar
Koza Han
Pirinç Han
4

Bursa
Mosques
Bursa Grand Mosque
Bursa Grand Mosque or Ulu
Cami is
a mosque in Bursa, Turkey. Built
in the Seljuk style, it was ordered
by the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid
I and built between 1396 and
1399. The mosque has
20 domes and 2 minarets.
Green Mosque
Green Mosque also known
as Mosque of Mehmed I, is a part
of the larger complex located on
the east side of Bursa, Turkey, the
former capital of
the Ottoman Turks before they
captured Constantinople in 1453.
The complex consists of a
mosque, türbe, madrasah, kitchen
and bath.
Bayezid I Mosque
Bayzid I Mosque is a
historic mosque in Bursa, Turkey,
that is part of the large complex
built by
the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid
I (Yıldırım Bayezid - Bayezid the
Thunderbolt) between 1391-
1395. It is situated in Bursa
metropolitan district of Yıldırım,
also named after the same sultan.
It underwent extensive renovation
following the 1855 Bursa
earthquake.
Muradiye Mosque
The Muradiye Complex or
the Complex of Sultan Murad
II, the Ottoman sultan who
ruled 1421-1451, is located in
the city of Bursa in Turkey.
Emir Sultan Mosque
Emir Sultan Mosque is
a mosque in Bursa, Turkey.
First built in the 14th century,
it was rebuilt in 1804 upon
the orders of the Ottoman
Sultan Selim III, and re-built
again in 1868, along slightly
varying plans each time.
Hüdavendigar Mosque
Hüdavendigar Mosque is a
historic mosque in Bursa, Tur
key, that is part of the large
complex (külliye) built by
the Ottoman Sultan Murad
I between 1365-1385 and is
also named after the same
sultan. It went under
extensive renovation
following the 1855 Bursa
earthquake.
Koca Sinan Pasa Mosque
İshak Pasa Mosque
Karacabey Grand Mosque
Karabas-i Veli Cultural Centre
Orhan Gazi Mosque
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Bursa
KOZA INN
THE IRGANDI BRIDGE
The “Koza Inn” situated between
Ulumosque and Orhan Mosque, was
built by Bayezid in 1490 in order to
receive income for works ofcharity.
This is the most beautiful and most
frequentlyused two-storey inn of
Bursa. The inn is locatedaround a
rectangular garden and has 45
roomsdownstairs and 50 rooms
upstairs. There is a mescit(small
mosque) that was built from stone
on aneight armed footing with a
fountain which can beentered from
a beautifully built crown door.
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time; it healed its wounds and
managed It resisted to stay many intact natural for over disasters 572
years. and wars, Irgandi being Bridge reborn is one each of the and 4
“bridges every time; with it market” healed in its the wounds world
and and is very managed valuable to stay for intact Gökdere, for over
connecting 572 years. the Irgandi two districts Bridge together is one of
while the also 4 “bridges preserving with market” the in the
experiences world and is thereby very valuable connecting for the
city Gökdere, with its past. connecting Irgandi the Bridge two has
embraced districts together all passersby while for also 572
years preserving and has the been experiences a home to
handcraft thereby experts connecting while the also city serving with its
as past. a popular Irgandi spot Bridge for tourists has to
delve embraced into fine all conversations passersby for on 572 the
history years and and culture has been of Bursa a home that to take
back handcraft the national experts and while international also
tourists serving on as a time a popular machine… spot for Irgandi
Bridge tourists a to place delve filled into with fine art,
history conversations and miracles. on the In history addition and to
its culture charming of Bursa appearance, that take it back is also the
world-renowned.
national and international tourists
on a time machine… Irgandi
Bridge is a place filled with art,
history and miracles. In addition to
its charming appearance, it is also
world-renowned.

Bursa
ULU MOSQUE (GRAND MOSQUE)
The Ulu Mosque was built by Yıldırım Bayezıd in from 1395 to
1399. It’s the biggest mosque in Bursa. It was twenty domes.It has
got an old Kabe’s cover.It has got Kabe’s Picture and a lot of
Arabic writer. Walls of the mosque had been built by using all
smooth, cut stones. Minbar of the Mosque is one of the most
beautiful examples of wood carving art. Though plain on the
exterior, the Ulu Cami has the impressive portals typical of
Seljuk architecture, and is quite grand on the inside: a forest of
mighty square columns supporting a cloud of arches and domes.
People are always wandering THE GREEN in MAUSOLEUM
and out of the Ulu Cami, most for
prayers but some just to enjoy its grand ambience. It is large
enough that even at prayer times a visitor from abroad may not
be noticed, though it's most polite to plan your visit outside of
prayer times.
7

Bursa
THE GREEN MAUSOLEUM
The mosque was built by
prominent architect Hacı Ivaz
Pasha at the request of
Ottoman Sultan Celebi
Mehmet between 1415 and
1419 years in Bursa, Turkey.
Its ornamentations and
handiworks were made by the
period of great painters Haci
Ali, Ilyas Ali. Located on the
city named Bursa, Green
Mosque composes of
mausoleum, madrasah,
cultivation and Turkis Baths.
One of the most important
mausoleums in Bursa, that
tomb is called as Green
thanks to its covered with the
green tiles.
8

Bursa
PIRINC HAN
Pirinc Han is the historical monument between Coppersmith
Market and Zafer Shopping Center. It was name as Pirinchan (rice
inn) because it was a place where cereals and rice plant were sold.
The construction of this inn, which was built to get income for
foundations in Istanbul by Sultan Bayezid II, took 6 years Its architects
are Yakup Shah and his son Ali.
Built around a big yard, this inn is formed of sorted porches and
rooms behind them. There are 40 rooms on the first and 38 on the
second floor. There is a crown door at the main entry at the east side.
There are pine trees in front of the gate and in the yard.
Its walls are laid with three lines of brick and rubble stone.
The inn was restored as a result of the works which started in 1982
and went into service in 2002 in its current form. There are tea
gardens and souvenirs shops within the inn. The large part of the inn
is in personal property.
9

Bursa
SHOPPING CENTERS
GRAND BAZAAR
One goes on a journey through time between the unique
historical beauties in Grand Bazaar. It is a must-see place.
KOZAHAN
The architect of Kozahan is Abdul ula bin Pulat Shah. 2. It was
built by Beyazit. The construction which was started in 1490
was completed in 1491. The prayer room in the yard was built
in 1493. It is a unique experience to sit in the yard under the
shadow of pines and drink your tea or coffee. There is also a
second yard to the east of the inn where barns and depots are
located.
IPEKHAN (SILK INN)
It is the centre of famous Bursa sericulture.
KORUPARK
Korupark is also another nice shopping center of Bursa. It is
clean, attractive and a little expensive.
10

Bursa
ZAFER PLAZA
It is a modern shopping centre in Bursa in international
standards, where a lot of brands from Turkey and the world
are located.
You can have a good time in the stores, restaurants,
coffeehouses, super market, cinema and entertainment places.
CITY SQUARE
City Square is different from the most shopping centres. City
Square has a 10.000 m2 avenue in the middle and wide walking
areas.
The mall is formed of three main buildings which are integrated and connected
underground. Being a spacious, refreshing and comfortable shopping place, City
Square has a 70.624 m2 building site on 14.000 m2 land.
It shelters a lot of activities and opportunities other than shopping. It has an
exhibition hall which hosts important art events. It has also a big amphitheatre
which colours the social life and hosts different shows.
It has different areas where everyone old, young, man and woman feels
comfortable, green spaces and indoor areas which are decorated in high spirits.
There are also cinemas, cafes and restaurants in the mall which has 96 stores in it.
OZDILEK
It functions with its dry cleaning, barbershop, star park
entertainment centre for children and free child care centre
under the supervision of experts, other than mall, market and
cafe-restaurant services.
11

Bursa
OLD COPPERSMITH MARKET
Historical market is a busy place.
ANTIQUARIAN MARKET
Antiquarian Market is a place where you can find interesting things.
SHOE MARKET
You can find beautiful models in shoe market under Grand
Bazaar but do not buy them without bargaining.
PINK MARKET
It is one of the first children of Bursa. It lost this feature recently
with new places opening but it is still a place to enjoy with its
small and cute architecture.
12

Bursa
RESTAURANTS
HOME
COOKING
HAYAT RESTAURANT
Hayat restaurant is one of the first restaurants of
Bursa which has continued its existence since 1947
with its unique tastes.
ABİDİN USTA
The food you will eat in this place which is also known as Ottoman
Cuisine will feed your soul.
KAYHAN PİDELİ KÖFTE
Meatballs on pita, is a special food to Bursa. It is estimated to be
coming from Iskender Kebab. Meatballs on pita is made by putting hot butter and
tomato sauce on little meatballs on pita and it is served with yogurt. The only
difference between it and Iskender is that there is meatballs on it instead of sliced
meat. Having a history of 200 years, Meatballs on pita is registered by a
businessman from Bursa named Fahrettin Çakan who also has pita and bakery
companies. Meatball on pita restaurants are found mostly in Kayhan District
beneath Setbaşı. Saray Pideli Kofte which is located near Ulu Cami is one of the
most popular restaurants of Bursa.
13

Bursa
ISKENDER
FAMOUS FOOD OF BURSA
Iskender Kebab or Iskender in short is one of the famous kebabs
of Bursa. It started in 1867 in Kayhan Bazaar. Even if it is
essentially “doner” kebab”, what makes Iskender itself is the
butter on it, the tomato sauce, the yogurt and the oily pitta bread pieces.
Furthermore, the meat of Iskender is different from other doners. The meat of
Iskender comes from rams which are fed with the thyme of Uludağ. The oil of
Iskender meat is less. Spread to other cities from Bursa, Iskender Kebab is still
made the best in its hometown, Bursa.
INEGOL MEATLOAF
The little meatballs the immigrants from Balkans brought into
Turkey 19th century are started to be sold as “Inegol Meatball” in a
little shop which was opened in 1930 by Mustafa Besler. This
delicious meatball is identified with Inegol and Bursa.
SPONGE PASTRY ROLLS IN SYRUP ( KEMAL PAŞA TATLISI )
Known as cheese dessert in the beginning, this dessert was firstly
produced in Mustafakemalpasa County in 1930s, then it is spread
out to the country. This dessert is made of sheep cheese. Cheese,
flour, farina and egg are kneaded, made into 3-4 cm cookie rolls and then cooked
in the overn. Then it is sold in pourches. It is put into the boiling syrup and made
into the dessert.
MILKY KADAYIF
As you can get from its name, it is made by adding hot milk on
shredded wheat dessert in sirup. Filled with
stum and milk, this dessert is heavenly.
14

Bursa
MIHLAC CHEESE
This cheese which is produced in Karacabey, Bursa is made by
mixing the ewe and cow’s milk. It very spongy, very salty and it
has a unique taste.
PEACH
The peach is a fruit of Rosaceae family. It is thought to be
spread to the world from China, and it is the symbol of long life
and immortality. It grows up best in warm climates. It is
aqueous and sweet.
It is a warm climate fruit. It lives for 30 years in general. It grows up the most in
Bursa and Mediterranean region. It can be consumed freshly or made into fruit
juice. The economical value of this fruit is high and it is consumed greatly. The
tree length is generally 2-2.5 m. They bear fruit in summer. It is vulnerable against
the frost. Its kernel is used as a fuel.
OLIVE AND OLIVE OIL
The olive and olive oil production has a wide range in Bursa.
Olive and olive oil stop the hair loss or the scurf and strengthen
the hair. It removes the wrinkles. It reduces the negative effects
of cosmetics. It helps stopping the skin diseases.
HACIHASANOGULLARI
Presenting the same quality of 1970s in this day with the
skilful hands of artisans, Haci Hasan Ogullari Baklava is
found by Haci Zeki AKTAS and is still managed by his son
Yüksel AKTAS and his grandchildren Aslı AKTAS and
Ibrahim AKTAS.
15

Bursa
CANDIED CHESTNUT
Candied chestnut is made by boiling the famous chestnut
from the foot of Uludağ in the sweetened syrup. The
varieties of candied chestnuts are typical desserts of Bursa.
UZAY PATISSERIE
It is an absolute must of Altiparmak Avenue. Its old name was
Polonez Patisserie.
BOLULU HASAN USTA
It is one of the neat places where you can eat dessert in
Bursa.
GULLUOGLU BAKLAVA
Baklava is an important pastry in Turkish, Middle East, and
South Asia cuisines.
16

Bursa
KARAGOZ - HACIVAT
Karagöz & Hacivat is a Turkish shadow play taking its name from its main
character Karagöz. The origin of the shadow plays is accepted as southeastern
part of Asia around Java. Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi says that the play was
first performed at the Ottomanpalaces in the late 14th century. Some others
say that this play came into Anatolia after Yavuz Sultan Selim, who had
conquered Egypt in 1517, had brought the shadow play artists to his court.
According to a legend, they were working as construction workers in
a mosque in Bursa. Although their satiric jokes entertained other workers it
also held up the building of the mosque by their constant joking together. As a
result it made the sultan very angry and anxious about whether Karagoz and
Hacivat could encourage rebellion in others, so they were executed. The
construction of the mosque was completed without them, but their comrades
did not forget them and kept their jokes alive, telling them over and over. In
time, the adventures of Karagoz and Hacivat gained a new dimension and the
traditional Turkish shadow puppet theatre was born. Their
monumental tomb stands in Bursa today.
17

Bursa
BURSA - MAY CONCERTS AND FESTIVALS
18

Bursa
TRANSPORTATION
Making use of land and sea transportation very well, Bursa has made progress
in using the aviation in recent years. The geographical and historical position
of the city and its clones to the important and developed centers have been
effective in improving transportation alternatives.
Land Route: It has a busy traffic in point of land route. Bursa Terminal is 10 km
to the city center. There are bus lines to every cities from the terminal.
Seaway : It is done via the ports of Gemlik and Mudanya which are 30 km to
Bursa. These two ports are very important for Bursa industry. Cargos are
transported in Gemlik and ferries can be reached in Mudanya.
Airway: Yenisehir Airport is 45km to the city center and takes 1 hour.
There are direct lines to Bursa Yenisehir Airport from Trabzon-Erzurum-
Diyarbakır-Antalya-Izmir.
Railway: There is no railway in Bursa.
EDUCATION
Bursa has two public universities and one private university. Uludağ University,
founded in 1975, is the oldest institution of higher education in the city.
Founded first as the Bursa University then renamed Uludağ University in 1982,
the university has a student body of 47,000, one of the largest in Turkey. Bursa
Technical University is the second public university of Bursa and was
established in 2010, beginning education in the 2011–2012 academic year.
The first private university of Bursa was the Bursa Orhangazi University, which
started education in the 2012–2013 academic year. However, Orhangazi
University was shut down by the Turkish Government after the failed coup
attempt of July 2016. Istanbul Commerce University has opened graduate
programs in Bursa in 2013.
19

Bursa
SPORTS
The city has one professional football club, Bursaspor, which competes in the
Turkish Super League, the top-tier of Turkish football. As of December 21, the
team plays their home games at The Timsah Arena stadium which has a sitting
capacity of 45,000. Bursaspor has won its first league title in the 2009–10
Turkish Super League season, becoming the second Anatolian club to ever win
the league title after Trabzonspor. Today Bursaspor is considered one of the
five biggest football clubs in Turkey along with Galatasaray SK, Fenerbahçe,
Beşiktaş, and Trabzonspor.
The city has a professional basketball team in the Turkish Basketball
League, Tofas S.K., which was among the most successful teams.
20

Bursa
NICEA ( IZNIK )
Every inch of region, which has been a subject for history for
centuries, are full of cultural remainings. Being the capitol of four
different empires, It is one of the most rare settlement
Tumulus, Rock Tombs and Monuments
Berber Kaya: On the outskirts of a hill that is to the east of İznik. It is a
tomb monument shaped like a room that is carved into a rock.
Bestas (Obelisk): This tomb monument, which is rising between the
orchards to the North of the city, is built on the old Roman road.
Hypoge: It is a unique underground tomb in Hespekli of Elbeyli. It is
estimated to be built between fourth and fith century.
Four Hills Tumulus: It is inside Elbeyli municipality graveyard. Two tomb
monuments were discovered in Tumulus.
Theatre: Ancient Theater of Iznik was built on a large area between lakeside
and Yenişehir Kapı. Theater was built in 111-112 during the period of the
emperor Traianus with the efforts of Plini us, the governor of Bithynia.
Böcek Ayazma:It is right in the middle of the city and in the intersection of two
main streets. It is a structure from Byzantine period and it is believed to be
restored after the earthquake in XI. Century. In 1331 its name changed to
Orhan Gazi Mosque.
Ayatrifon Churchi: It is to the right of the avenue Yenişehir Kapı. Its structural
characteristics are similar to those of Kariye Mosque in İstanbul. According to
the design, it can be said that it was once covered with a great dome and its
floor was covered with mosaics.
Hacı Özbek Mosque: An Ottoman mosque built in Iznik. It is covered with
dome that is 8 meter in diameter. It was built in 1333.
Green Mosque: Green Mosque, the symbol of Bursa, was named after its
minaret that is covered with green tiles and bricks. The construction of the
mosque was started in 1378 by Çan darlı Hayreddin Paşa. But upon his death,
his son continued his work and completed it in 1391.
21

Bursa
Mahmut Çelebi Mosque: It was built by Mahmut Çelebi, one of the
grandchildren of Çan darlı Hayreddin Pasa, in 1442
Orhan Bey Mosque and Bathı: The mosque is the ruins that is between the
fields to the left of Yenişehir Kapı. The bath, on the other hand, is between the
mosque and the rampart.
Tombs: Şeyh Kutbettin Mosque and Tomb, Eşref-1 Rumî Mosque and Tomb,
Yakup Çelebi Lodge and Tomb, Kırgızlar Tomb , Sarı Saltuk Tomb, Çandarlı
Hayrettin Paşa Tomb, Çandarlı İbrahim Paşa Imaret and Tomb , Çandarlı Halil
Paşa Tomb, Huysuzlar Tomb, Ahiveyn Sultan Tomb, Abdülvahap Sancaktarı
Tomb are all important Tombs of İznik.
Hot springs and thermal baths
Keramet hot spring
Çekirge hot spring
Armutlu hot spring
Oylat hot spring
Gemlik hot spring
Çelik Palas thermal bath
Other historic monuments
Bursa Castle
Irgandı Bridge
Inkaya Sycamore, very big and impressive 600-year-old tree (Platanus
Orientalis)
22

Bursa
IMAGES FROM BURSA
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