Highlights of the Recommendations of Inter Ministrial Task Force On ...

Highlights of the Recommendations of
Inter Ministrial Task Force
On
Integrated Plant Nutrient Management
using City Compost
At the behest of Hon. Supreme Court
By :-
Dr S S Khanna* & Dr S R Maley**
*Ex Vice Chancellor, Former Adviser Planning Commission GOI and
Chairman of IPNM Sub Groups Member of Technical Sub Group
** Member of Technical Sub Group 2 IPNM. maleys@hotmail.com
“ The wealth of a Nation lies in its SOIL
and HER Prosperity in Its Intelligent
Management ”
…an axiom
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1. Ever increasing quantities of solid waste in Urban India is
posing several challenges to city administration across the
country.
2. Several issues relating to Municipal Solid Waste from planning
to budgetary provisions and regulatory aspects remained least
priority over several decades.
3. The subject came into lime light following Surat – plague
episode in September, 1994. With Planning Commission
appointing High Power Committee (Dr. Bajaj Committee) and
several initiative at State Government Level.
4. As a consequent to poor state of Solid Waste Management in
several cities PIL No 888 / 1996 was filed in the Supreme
Court of India by Mrs. Almitra Patel & others Vs Union of India
and all States.
5. Under this PIL Hon’ble Supreme Court has issued several
directives and orders including appointment of Technical
Committee (Barman Committee) to review critical aspects of
MSW in India. This became the basis for Rule making.
6. This was followed by Gazette notification of Municipal Solid
Waste (Management & Handling Rules 2000) by MOEF New
Delhi on 25 th Sept 2000. This makes it mandatory for all ULB’s
in India to systematize Solid Waste Management including
setting up of Plants for Processing of MSW through Biocomposting,
Vermi-composting, Anaerobic digestion etc.
7. PIL 888/1996 still continues in the Supreme Court of India.
The Hon’ble Court has further directed The Government of
India to constitute Inter Ministrial Task force on Integrated
Plant Nutrient Management by using city compost. This was
with the objective of solving the problem of city waste faced by
Urban Local Bodies and to raise the fertility of soil through
IPNM.
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1. Affidavit was filed by the Union of India in Supreme Court on
25-2-2003, regarding Constitution of Inter Ministerial Task
Force on IPNM using city compost. (Cabinet Secretariat
meeting held on 12-2-2003, circulated vide No
062/3/1/2003-CA IV of 26.2.03)
2. The Task force was set up under the MOUD & PA, New Delhi
with Jt. Secretary UD as chairman. And Experts & Sr. Officials
from related Ministries and Departments, including Fertilizer
Sector as members (Order No.Q-11021/1/2003 PHE II, dated
26-03-2003)
3. The TOR included preparation of Policy Strategy and Action
Plan for promoting IPNM using city compost along with
synthetic fertilizers in every sector of Agriculture,
Horticulture, Plantation crops, Forestry and rehabilitation of
mining areas.
Sub Group 1:
1. Appointment of Sub Group vide order No.-Q 11021/1/2003
PHE II of 13/8/2003 with Dr.SS Khanna as chairman and 5
other members.
2. TOR was to study problems faced by Compost Plants, Quality
issues, marketability, sustainability, sale price and O & M
issues.
3. 19 composting plants were visited and relevant data obtained
for consideration in the new approach.
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Sub- Group 1:
1. Interministerial Task Force on Integrated plant Nutrient Management using
city Compost by G.O.I.
2. Constitution of sub-group.
i) Dr. S.S Khanna, Chairman Non-Official
ii) Dr. PD Sharma, ADG,ICAR Official Member
iii) Dr. AB Akolkar, Add. Director (PCP) (CPD) -do- -do-
iv) Dr. NB Mazumdar, Chief(Projects),HUDCO -do- -do-
v) Dr. N Tripathi, Add..Comm.(INM), Min. Agri. -do- -do-
Terms of Reference:
1. To study the problems/constraints faced by the Manufacturers
/authorities in the functioning of Compost Plants
2. Quality of Compost (organic manured) produced.
3. Its Marketability.
4. Plant Engineering/Mechanical failures.
5. Operations and Maintenance to sizing of Plant.
6. Sale price of Compost , sustainability & othe constraints
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Combined Report
� The combined report of Task Force
and Sub Groups based on the
availability of biodegradable
component of the garbage & total
class 1 city waste of about 50 m MT
was submitted to the Urban
Development Ministry in May 2005 for
onward submission to the Supreme
Court.
Recommendations of Task Force
concerning the Fertilizer Sector:
1. Co-marketing of compost from city waste with chemical
fertilizers by Fertilizer Companies as basket approach should be
mandatory.
2. Co-marketing of compost with chemical fertilizers in the ratio
of- 3 to 4 bags: 6 to 7 bags (Compost Fertilizer)
3. The Fertilizer companies have to market whatever quantities
are made available to them.
4. Formulation of Proper Compost standards, Grades, Testing and
Regulatory Provisions by Ministry of Agriculture. The Agri.
Ministry has notified standards for Compost in March 2006,
which have been revised now. (The revised Standards are under
notification in Oct ’09)
5. Transportation subsidy to Fertilizer companies or their
warehousing agents @ Rs150/-MT (Budget Pr.ofRs60.00 Cr.)
6. Capital Subsidy of Rs700/-Cr for Compost Plant establishment
(This is being taken care by MOUD & PA) under the JNNURM,
UIDSSMT and TFC Schemes.
7. Awareness and demonstration for Compost usership by Agril.
Ministry (Budget of Rs 40.00 Cr)
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Supreme Court Order:
1 st September 2006, Hon’ble Supreme Court issued order
(1.A.No18) endorsing the recommendations of the Task Force
with immediate effect.
Gist of the Court order is as following:
“The Inter-Ministerial Task Force on Integrated Plant Nutrient
Management had submitted its report and recommendations in
May 2005. The order dated 1 st September 2006 notes the
submission of Mr. Rao on behalf of Union of India that a short
adjournment may be granted so that he could discuss the matter
with other Ministries like Ministry of chemicals and Fertilizers.
Nothing has been placed on record objecting to the
recommendations of the report. Under these circumstances, we
direct the implementation of the recommendations in the report
with immediate effect. The Government is , however, given
liberty to approach this Court, if any genuine difficulty is faced in
implementation of any of the recommendations.”
Agriculture Ministry’s affidavit regarding Compost usership as per
Supreme court order DO No. 3436/02/SC/PIL dated: 23.01.2003)
is as following:
The Affidavit was filed through Director General of ICAR which
mentions following:
1. There is no denying the fact that Integrated Plant Nutrient
Management is a novel practice of fertilizer use for sustaining
soil health and crop productivity. It has been amply
demonstrated by the All India Coordinated Long Term Fertility
Project of ICAR, that integrated use of optimal dose of NPK
and FYM [Farm Yard Manure] ensures better and sustainable
yields, while correcting some of the micro and secondary
nutrient deficiencies.
2. We are still short of organic manures to practice IPNM on a
large scale.
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3. The supplies could be augmented to a great extent, especially
in pre-urban areas, by recycling and composting of huge
biodegradable city waste. Height proportion of plastic matter
in the city waste is creating problem during handling for
composting.
4. The composting of city waste would serve the twin objective
of cleaning the cities and replenishing the soils with the much
needed humus rich in nutrients and moderating soil
environment.
5. The city composts should be cost-effective and ensure
organic and inorganic toxic elements and contaminants
within safer limits for large scale use on farmers’ fields. The
produce raised on city compost should be monitored for the
quality for few years, before allowing use of compost on a
wider scale.
6. The Government should encourage setting up of city waste
compost plants to clean the cities and environment on costly
fertilizer input and thereby, reduce the cost of cultivation and
maintain long term soil health and productivity.
General
Concern’s
Urban solid waste management is an essential social services for
protection of environment and health of the citizen.
Therefore, least cost, most appropriate technological option for
the safe and scientific management should receive the due and
needed attention, funding, support, help and guidance at all level.
Central and State Governments, Municipalities, Industries and
Institutions, Non–Governmental Organization and Individual
citizens should all cooperate for securing safe management of
solid urban wastes.
From Indian Cities S.U.W has low calorific value and high
moisture content with low percentage of combustible material,
hence is generally unsuitable for thermal technology.
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Issue
(a) The National Agriculture Policy envisages annual growth of 4%
in agricultural production
(b) The Country would need 30/ M mt of food grain by 2025 to
feed 1.4 billion population. This would required 35 M mt of
chemical fertilizer nutrient basis, as against 19.4 M mt at
present.
(c) Continuous use of high analysis chemical fertilizer over the
years and neglect of organic manures have resulted into large
scale deficiency of not only major but also secondary and micro
plant & nutrients (such as S, Mm, Fe,Zn &B) .
Swaminathan(1992) has summed up the nutrient supply options
relevant to Indian conditions. According to him “Soil of India are
often not only thirsty but also hungry” .Inputs are needed for
output. Therefore , what we need is a reduction in the use of
market purchased chemical input and not of input per se. It is in
this context that integrated system of nutrient supply suitable for
easy adoption include crop rotations, green manure and biofertilizers,
bi-dynamic systems that makes significant use of
Compost & humus will help to improve soil structure & fertility.
Points to Ponder
In India where the land –person ratio is rapidly declining , the
only means of meeting the need of agriculture produce is through
increased productivity without detrimental to environment &
sustainability. The per capita land availability in the country has
decreased from 0.48 ha in 1951 to 0.17 ha in 1985 is projected to
be further reduced to 0.10 ha by the year 2005. In successful
management of soil quality , fertility & productivity, following
related aspects need further consideration:-
1. Optimum and balanced utilization of all plant nutrient sources
through Integrated nutrient management.
2. Application of nutrient & keeping in view the cropping system ,
genotype & characteristic of plants.
3. System-approach-keeping in view the lithosphere,
hydrosphere and atmosphere into consideration.
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Parameter Unit (% or value)
1. Moisture content 40 to 50%
2. Organic matter 30 to 35%
3. Nitrogen 0.5 to 0.6%
4. Phosphorus 0.5 to 0.6%
5. Potassium 0.5 to 0.6%
6. Calcium 0.44 to 0.55%
7. Magnesium 0.24 to 034%
8. Sulphates 0.35 to 0.45%
9. Carbon 15 to 20%
10. pH value 6.5 to 7.5%
11. C/N ratio 25 to 30
Compost Technology
Most modern technology developed by the Indian Scientists
/Engineers & Others Involves two stages:-
1. Waste Sanitization treatment:- Herbal sanitizer removes foul smell
ills pathogens and hinders spread of diseases through germs, flies ,
mosquitoes & other disease vectors.
2 Inoculant:- Using microbial culture having a mixture of mesophillic ,
thermophilic micro-organisms identified to be highly effective in speedy
decomposition of bio-degradable segment of garbage, particularly
lignin, carbohydrates (cellulous, hemi-celluloses etc) , protein , waxes &
fats.
3. Composting:- During the process of Composting the organic residues
of plant and animal origin are rapidly converted by the microbe under
aerobic water and moist conditions into organic manure which is rich in
HUMUS. The moisture is maintained at 40-60 % and temperature at 60-
70 degree Celsius.
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4. Processing:-
i) After controlled aerobic Composting by the specific microbes the
decomposed material is passed through mechanical rotary screen of
different sizes 40 mm, 32 mm, 25mm, 8mm and 4mm sieves.
ii) The enrichment of organic manure is conducted with different bifertilizers
, major and micronutrients (if required depending upon the
soil test value , cropping system and agro-ecological conditions)
iii) Thereafter weighing , bagging , stitching and stacking is performed
iv) For keeping the required population of beneficial microbes alive 17-20
% moisture is necessary.
All this well depicted in Flow Chart and Platform
diagram.
Composition of organic manure ,produced from city wastes
A. Physical : Dark Brown in colour
Moisture 17%
B. Biological: Rich in total bacteria: (10 10 ) come Actinomycetes, fungi,
Azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacterial ,
Nitrobacter etc.
C. Chemical :
pH 6.5 to 8.2
Organic carbon 12%
Nitrogen 1.0 to 1.5
Total Phosphorus 0.5 to 0.8%
Potassium 0.5 to 0.8%
Calcium 2.0 to 3.0%
Magnesium 0.5 to 0.75%
Sulphates 0.4%
Fe 0.6%
Zn 300 to 700 ppm
Mn 250 to 740 ppm
Cu 200 to 375 ppm
Could vary depending upon the source of waste
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12/16/2009
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Evaluation of Phospo- Sulpho-Nitro Compost
under different Cropping Systems
Treatment Soybean wheat Sorghum wheat
Control 6.55 13.29 13.30 6.67
75% NPK 8.00 23.84 27.58 16.14
100%NPK 8.76 28.12 31.53 17.80
75%NPK 10.12 32.84 34.90 24.42
+Compost
Soybean +
wheat
sorghum
11.59
9.28
17.68
22.50
22.96
27.94
2810
32.10
Source:- Manna M.C et al. Indian Institute of Soil Science (ICAR),
Bhopal, PP 11 Bulletin No. 02/2006
Economic advantages of Phosphor-Sulfo-Nitro compost
• In a three years field study on soybean-wheat system, application of 100 % NPK through
enriched compost to soybean and 50% NPK to success ding wheat produced the highest
yield and saved 25 kg N and 39.2 kg P/ha.
• A five years field study on vertisols revealed that compost application @ 5 t ha in
combination with 75% NPK to soybean applied to wheat produced higher productivity in
soybean-wheat, sorghum-wheat, and soybean sorghum –wheat system compared to 100%
NPK treatment and saved 37 kg N.30 kg P and 15kg K.
• To improve soil biological activities phosphor-sulpho- Nitro compost along with chemical
fertilizer application is the best option compared to inorganic fertilizer alone. The use of
enriched manure in field crops is also economically viable and safe to the environment.
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Action Points for the promotion and
functioning of Compost Plants
1. Central Government.
Ministry of Agriculture :
(a) Capital subsidy for installation of Compost Plants.
(b) Transport subsidy on sale of finished product.
(c ) Massive awareness generation programme.
(d) Guidelines for use of city garbage –lab to land.
(d) Horticultural crops, high value low volume crops.
(f) R&D and promotion activity of Rs 40 Cr.
(g) ICAR & SAUs should institute special projects as “ Lab to
Land” National Demonstration program of INM on various
crops using quality city compost..
Ministry Urban Development and poverty
alleviation:
(a) Study of Appropriate Design and Standardization of city garbage
management.
(b) To release all directions in the proper management of SWM to
ULBS
(c) To coordinate all activities at the Govt. of India Ministries level
and also advise State Govts. for the proper management of SUW
and running efficiently the compost plants
Plant Size Cost of Compost Plant (
Rs. In Lakhs)
Subsidy Grant (Rs. In
Lakhs)
50 187.2 56.2
100 294.7 88.4
200 508.9 152.7
300 654.7 196.4
500 918.7 275.6
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Ministry of Finance
• Tax holiday for 10 years.
• No excise and custom duty on Plant and Machinery.
• Directive to buy back the composted manure.
• Interest subsidy for lending loan to financial institutions.
• The capitalization of interest subsidy.
• No import duty for vital equipment and technology
Ministry Of Mines
Compulsory application of composted manure in degraded
land, mining spoil and a forestation.
Ministry of Railways
Use of city compost for plantation /a forestation of land
around the railway line and stations.
Chemical Fertilizer Companies
Shall provide co-marketing facilities to the compost sector as a
long term business strategy. Co- marketing should be made
mandatory within 100-150 Kms. of radius of any city compost
plant as a BASKET Approach. However to ensure compost
marketability, and transport subsidy to the tune of 150/MT and
manufacturing subsidy of Rs 350/ MT Respectively of the
finished product . Taxes shall not be levied by the Central, state
government & ULB’S.
Ministry of environment and forest
(a) Quality control standard
(b) Use of Compost for rehabilitation of degraded land, mining
spoils dumps etc.
(c) Landfill preparation and their ultimate management
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2. State Govts.
(a) Specific and strict compliance of the SWM directives of Hon.
Supreme Court and G.O.I
(b) Basket deal directive to fertilizer dealers.
(c) Enrichment requirement of Compost Plant based on cropping
system and agro-ecological conditions.
(d) No sale tax and local (toll tax) taxes on manure produced
from compost plants.
Municipality (ULB)
(a) No royalty from the Compost Plant (s)
(b) Extending all the required/Unstinted support, help and
guidance for the proper functioning of the compost plants.
(c) Buy back arrangement of the manure produced from there
compost plants. Treating this project as their own and
supply the well segregated biodegradable garbage /
material to these compost plant and supply electricity
/water as for agriculture sector.
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1. Latest estimates for 100 cities generating above 300 MT/day
– MSW indicates availability of 5.38million tone of Compost
per annum within next 3 to 4 years.
2. In 63 cities, covered under JNNURM, Composting plants may
start Production within next 18 to 24 months, as the
financial sanctions are accorded to most of these cities.
3. Recently, New Government at Center has added 35 more
cities under the above scheme
4. In the immediate future plants established/ nearing
commissioning/ under installation in: Kochi, Chennai,
Madurai, Coimbatore, Puducherry, Bangalore, Hyderabad,
Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Thane, Mira-Bhayandar, Nagpur,
Surat, Vadodara, Indore, Kanpur, Agra, Faridabad, Amritsar
etc. etc. will be able to Provide good quality Compost for
coming Kharif & Rabi Seasons.
New city composting projects under
implementations:
1 Amritsar 9 Mumbai 17 Bangalore
2 Faridabad 10 Navi Mumbai 18 Chennai
3 Kanpur 11 Thane 19 Coimbatore
4 Meerut 12 Chandigarh 20 Madurai
5 Varanasi 13 Pune 21 Haridwar
6 Agra 14 Surat 22 Kochi
7 Indore 15 Varodra 23 Puducherry
8 Nagpur 16 Rajkot 24 New Delhi
Implementations Companies
1 a2z Infrastructure (3, 4,5,6)
2 UFlex –hanzer biotech (2,3,8,11,16,21)
3 Ramky enviro engineers (17,24)
4 Hydro air Tectonics (10,18)
5 United Phosphorus (9,19)
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Kanpur Site Success Story
holistic approach
Available
Primary responsibility
What to do
Door to door
collection
Collectio
n &
Transpor
tation
Transfer
stations
1450 TPD
garbage
Secondary
transportatio
n to
processing
facility
Processing
to produce:
Organic
fertilizer,
green coal,
building
blocks etc
Compost quality – highly superior because of segregated garbage
Meets the standard specification of GOI of Nov 3rd
Conclussion
Processing
& Disposal
Sanitary
Engineered
landfill
� Recent researches have revealed that conjunctive
application of inorganic fertilizers and organic
manures is a must for sustainable production system in
terms of soil quality and profitability .
� The time is ripe when concerned efforts are made to
harness all sources of biodegradable segment of farm
and city wastes.
� The integrated plant and nutrient system(IPNS)
approach is being regarded as the only solution to this
problem.
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� The govt. of India at the behest of Hon. Supreme Court
has issued certain directions such as co-marketing
,basket approach and has also granted financial
incentives which should be implemented by all
stakeholders ,in particular fertilizers companies, state
govt. and urban local bodies.
� The fertilizer companies, dealers and market outlet
should come forward for co marketing and basket
approach for INM approach
� Adopting this approach would keep cities clean, green,
sustainable agriculture,
Have thy faith firm,
the day will dawn.
Gurudev Rabindra Nath Tagore
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Reference
� Annual reports 2007 and 2008-2009.Indian institute of soil science (ICAR) Bhopal
� CPCB 2000 status of municipal solid waste generation ,collection, treatment and disposal
in class I cities ,central pollution board ,Ministry of Environmental & Forests, Govt. of
India New Delhi.
� Hargreaves,J.C adl MS warman ,P.R 2008.A review of the use of composted municipal solid
waste in agriculture, ecosystem and environment 123,1-14.
� Interministerial task force on integrated plant nutrient management ,may
2005,constituted by ministry of urban development govt. of India ,New Delhi.
� Kumar S. Bhattacharya ,J.V ,Vaidya A.M Chakraborty ,T,Devolta ,S Akolkar ,A.B 2009
.Assessment of the status of municipal solid waste management in metro cities ,state
capital, class I cities and class II towns of India ,an insight waste management 29,883-
895.
� Manna M.C Tripathi,A.B Singh 2007.Phospho-sulpho nitro compost Utapadan abang
mulyankan Tech. bulletin 1:IISS ,Bhopal ,PP1-11.
� S.Shareholy M.Ahmed ,K ,Mehmood G,Trivedi ,R.C 2008 .municipal solid waste
management in Indian cities –a review waste management.28,459-467.
� The Gazette of India, Ministry of environment and forest, notifications N0648 Oct 3
2000.
� The Gazette of India, Ministry of agriculture and co-operation, notification march
2006(revised one in press Oct 2009)
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