LEXICALITEMS (2)

DICTIONARY 

ASLI GÜMÜŞ

Definition: 

1) Characterized by 

faithlessness or readiness to 

betray trust; traitorous 

2) Deceptive, untrustworthy, 

or unreliable 

3) Unstable or insecure, as 

footing 

4) Dangerous; hazardous 

5) If the ground or sea is 

treacherous, it is extremely 

dangerous, especially 

because of bad weather 

conditions 

Sentence Examples: 

1) Snow and ice have left 

many roads treacherous, 

and drivers are warned to 

use caution. 

2) He now has the 

experience and knowledge 

to navigate the 

treacherousand tricky 

waters of a Republican 

primary contest. 

3) The place where the 

Constitution meets religion 

and race remains 

atreacherous cultural 

battleground. 

WORD: 

TREACHEROUS 

Phonemic Pronunciation: 

/ˈtretʃ.ɚ.əs/ 

Structural Components: 

Adjective 

Untreacherous 

Adverb: 

Treacherously 

Untreacherously 

Noun: 

Treacherousness, 

Untreacherousness 

Synonyms: 

Unfaithful 

Faithless 

Treasonous 

Deceitful 

Antonyms: 

Loyal 

Reliable 

Keyword Association 

and Dual Coding: 

T(r)eacher + ous

Definition: 

1) Polite and showing 

respect 

2) Respectful 

WORD: 

DEFERENTIAL 


/ˌdef.əˈren.ʃəl/ 

Synonyms: 

Courteous 

Regardful 

Obedient 

Antonyms: 

Disobedient 

Impolite 

Rude 


1) She is always 

extremely deferential 

towards anyone in 

authority. 

2) Chris was brilliant, 

deferential, even demure, 

full of conviction. 


Adjective 

Adverb: 

Deferentially 



Deferen - (ce) + tial

Definition: 

1) to laugh at 

mockingly, scorn 

2) to laugh at in scorn or 

contempt; scoff or jeer 

at; mock 

3) to laugh at someone 

or something in a way 

that shows you think 

they are stupid or of no 

value 


1) He derided my 

singing as pathetic. 

2) The native speaker 

often derided the other 

teacher’s accent. 

WORD: 

DERİDE 


/dɪˈraɪd/ 


Transitive Verb 

(used with an object) 

Derided(past time) 

Deriding (present continuous) 

Synonyms: 

Taunt 

Flout 

Gibe 

Banter 

Rally 

Antonyms: 

Admire 

Approve 

Respect 

Dual Coding:

Definition: 

1) planned or done in 

secret,especially describing 

something that is not 

officially allowed 

2) characterized by, done in, 

or executed with secrecy or 

concealment, especially for 

purposes of subversion or 

deception; private or 

surreptitious 

WORD: 

CLANDESTINE 


/klænˈdes.tɪn/ 

Synonyms: 

Hidden 

Underhand 

Confidential 

Illicit 

Antonyms: 

Honest 

Known 

Aboveboard 

Open 


1)Their clandestine 

meetings went undiscovered 

for two years. 

2)The group held weekly 

clandestine meetings in a 

church. 


Adjective 

Adverb: 

Clandestinely 

Unclandestinely 

Noun: 

Clandestineness 

Clandestinitiy 

Keyword Association and 

Dual Coding: 

Clan + destine 

Clan: a large family, or a 

group of people who share 

the same interest 

Destine:to appoint or ordain 

beforehand, as by divine 

decree; 

foreordain;predetermine

Definition: 

1) made or done 

without previous 

preparation 

2)suddenly or 

hastily prepared, 

made, etc. 

WORD: 

IMPROMPTU 

Phonemic 

Pronunciation: 

/ɪmˈprɒmp tu, -tyu/ 

Synonyms: 

Offhand 

Spontaneous 

unscripted 

Antonyms: 

Deliberate 

Planned 

Sentence 

Examples: 

1)Although five 

different lines had 

been written, the best 

choice turned out to 

be an impromptu 

from the tired actor 

himself 

2)I’m not sure how 

many people will be 

able to attend the 

impromptu party. 

Structural 

Components: 

Adjective 

Adverb 

Noun 

Keyword 

Association or 

Dual Coding:

Definition: 

1.having achieved 

victory or success 

2)exulting over 

victory; rejoicing 

over success; 

exultant. 

WORD: 

TRIUMPHANT 

Phonemic 


/traɪˈʌm fənt/ 

Synonyms: 

Victorios 

Successful 

Winning 

Antonyms: 

Unsuccessful 

Defeated 

Sentence 

Examples: 

1)It must have 

been something 

really big for him to 

strike a triumphant 

pose like that. 

2)Cathy was 

triumphant after 

winning the 

100-yard dash. 

Structural 

Components: 

ADJECTIVE 

triumphantly,adverb 

untriumphant,adjective 

untriumphantly,adverb 

Keyword 

Association or 

Dual Coding:

Definition: 

1) to criticize 

severely : find fault 

with 

2)to reproach 

severely: scold 

vehemently 

WORD: 

UPBRAID 

Phonemic 


/ʌpˈbreɪd/ 

Synonyms: 

Reprove 

Blame 

Reprimand 

Scold 

Antonyms: 

Congratulate 

Sentence 

Examples: 

1)Without a doubt, 

my parents are 

going to upbraid me 

for not passing any 

of my classes this 

semester. 

2)The police officer 

did not hesitate to 

upbraid the man for 

driving without 

insurance. 

Structural 

Components: 

VERB 

upbraider, noun 

upbraiding, noun 

upbraidingly, adverb

DEFINITION :less advanced 

in mental, physical, or social 

development than is usual 

for one's age. 

(adj) 

RETARDED 

/rɪˈtɑːdɪd/ 

Synonyms: 

stupid 

slow 

dull 

Antonym:quicken 

very foolish or stupid.(Insult) 

Sentence Examples 

Are you retarded because 

you seem like you dont 

understant what Isay and 

act like a stupid person . 

The treaty is retarded by 

drawback because the 

country doesnt make up her 

mind yet. 

Structual Components : 

Verb - Retard 

Adv- 

Noun-retard 


Dual Coding: 

Retard +ed 

Retard : Keep back 

k

Definition: 

1) pretending to have 

qualities or beliefs that 

you do not have 

2) a situation in which 

someone pretends to 

believe something that 

they do not really believe, 

or that is the opposite of 

what they do or say at 

another time 


1) Why can’t politicians 

just be honest with 

themselves and stop all 

this hypocrisy? 

2) I’m amazed at the 

hypocrisy of the man. 

WORD: 

HYPOCRISY 


/hɪˈpɑː.krə.si/ 


Noun 

Hyperhypocrisy 

Synonyms: 

Duplicity 

Lying 

Antonyms: 

Honest 

Frank 


Dual Coding: 

Hypo + crisy

Definition: 

1) A review of or 

meditation on past events 

2) In considering the past 

or a past event 

3) Being a retrospective + 

noun 


1)He pursed up his lips in 

the exercise of retrospect 

across the years. 

2)But in retrospect, it 

taught me that everything 

is made by people. 

3) The museum is having 

a retrospective exhibition 

of the atrtist’s early 

works. 

WORD: 

RETROSPECT 


/ˈret.rə.spekt/ 


-NOUN 

Adjective: retrospective 

Noun: retrospection 

Adverb: retrospectively 

Idiom: in retrospect 

Synonyms: 

reappraisal 

reconsideration 

reexamination 

review 

Antonyms: 

preview 



retro+spect 

pro+ spect 

retro:back(prefix) 

prospect:an advance 

realization of something 

to come

Definition: 

1)deviation from what is 

normal, expected, or 

usual 

2)departure from truth, 

morality 

3) a lapse in control of 

one's mental faculties 


1) In a moment of 

aberration, she agreed to 

go with him. 

2) I'm sorry, I'm late - I 

had a mental aberration 

and forgot we had a 

meeting today. 

3)His actions may have 

been an aberrationbut his 

thinking, sadly, is not. 

WORD: 

ABERRATION 


/ˌæb.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ 


-NOUN 

Idıom: 

1) Mental aberration 

2) In a moment of 

aberration 

Adjective: 

1) Aberrational 

2) Aberrant 

Synonyms: 

Oddity 

Peculiarity 

Quirk 

Delusion 

Strangeness 

Weirdness 

Antonyms: 

Normality 

Usualness 

Sameness 

Regularity 


Dual Coding 

Aberra(n)t + ion 

Aberrant: departing from 

an accepted standard 

+ion: suffix

Definition: 

1) to disregard or overlook 

(something illegal, 

objectionable, or the like) 

2) to give tacit approval to 

3) to pardon or forgive 

(an offense); excuse 

4) to cause the condonation 

of; justify the pardoning of 

(an offense) 

5) to forgive or act so as to 

imply forgiveness of (a 

violation of the marriage vow) 


1) The government condoned 

the computer hacking among 

rival corporations 

2) By his silence, he seemed 

to condone their behavior. 

3) His spouse condoned his 

infidelity from the early years 

of their marriage. 

WORD: 

CONDONE 


/kənˈdoʊn/ 


Transitive Verb 

(used with an object) 

Condoned(past time) 

Condoning (present 

continuous) 

Adjective 

Condonable 

Uncondoned 

Noun 

Synonyms: 

Allow 

Permit 

Antonyms: 

Deny 

Refuse 



Condo + (m) + ne 

or 

Con + done 

Condoner

DEFINITION:a lover of 

words. 

a word lover or word 

buff 

logophile 

(noun) 

[law-guh-fahyl, log-uh-] 

Synonyms: 

Antonym :Lexicavation 

(deprive of words in life ) 

this term is coined by me . 

Sentence Examples 

She is a real logophile 

because she love to jot 

down the words while 

reading and use them when 

speak . 


- 


Dual Coding: 

logo+phile 

(Greek)Logos (Speech) 

+ phile (Friend-lover)

Definition :to find 

nutritions. 

Provide with food or other 

stores. 

Victual 

(verb) 

(noun) 

/ˈvɪt(ə)l/ 

Synonym:give food to, 

provide food for,cater for 

,supply ,feed 

Antonym:- 

Sentence Examples : 

‘the ship wasn't even 

properly victualled’ 


victual-less,(adjective ) 

Keyword Assiciation and 

Dual Coding : 

(French)vitaille/ 

(Latin) victus:food

LEXICALITEMS (2)

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