Annual Report - Amref

AMREF 

Annual Report 

A glimpse into a healthy tomorrow 

African Medical and Research Foundation

AMREF Annual Report 2002 

Cover: A glimpse into a healthy tomorrow: A Masaai boy’s eye is examined by an AMREF trained 

community health motivator for trachoma, a disease that is common amongst pastoralists 

in East Africa. AMREF has trained community health motivators in Entasopia, Kajiado 

district, Kenya, to help in identifying and managing trachoma among the Masaai 

pastoralists. 

AMREF Headquarters 

PO Box 00506-27691 

Nairobi 

Kenya 

Written by: Mary Anne Fitzgerald 

Photography: Thierry Geenen 

Thierry Geenen 

Thierry Geenen 

Editor: Helen Van Houten 

Design, layout 

and production: Rob O’Meara 

Printing: Regal Press Ltd. Nairobi, Kenya 

ISBN 9966-874-62-3 

© The African Medical and Research Foundation AMREF (Nairobi Kenya) 2003

AMREF 

is an independent non-profit, 

non-governmental international 

organisation whose mission is to 

improve the health of disadvantaged 

people in Africa as a means for them 

to escape poverty and improve the 

quality of their lives.

Contents 

3 Foreword 

5 45 years of AMREF in Africa’s health sector 

6 Disability 

8 Climbing to the summit 

10 VCTs in Tanzania 

12 Uganda AIDS orphans 

14 Malaria and vendors 

16 Kibera’s Flying Toilets 

18 Nurses’ training 

20 Peer education for refugee camps 

23 The African Medical and Research Foundation expenditure analysis 

26 AMREF Regional offices and donors 

28 AMREF National offices and donors 

33 AMREF Senior staff, October 2001 to September 2002 

1

Over 80% of the households in Africa survive on less than 

US$1 per day. As a result poor children in Africa are 10 

times more likely to die before their 5th birthday, and 9 

times more likely to die of infectious diseases than children 

from richer families. Rural families grow most of the food for 

the people of the continent but land degradation, poor 

farm-gate prices, and reductions in farm size have reduced 

incomes, often to the point of desperate poverty. 

Increasingly the poor ‘escape’ from the countryside for a 

new life in the rapidly growing cities of the continent. But 

too often they make their homes in slums where poverty, 

desperate environmental squalor and ill health go hand in 

hand. Not surprisingly the burden of ill health in Africa today 

is persistent and increasing. Many people are getting poorer 

and their health is getting worse, and so are the wider 

indicators of social development. 

AMREF uses community-based health care as the basis for its 

work. We empower communities to be both partners and 

beneficiaries in the health services they receive. Because the 

Foundation works in nine countries in eastern and southern 

Africa it has a great depth and relevance of experience and 

knowledge, which it uses to influence the thinking, planning 

and activities of others improving community-based health 

care. 

In this annual report we present AMREF’s work on the 

hidden and forgotten poor—people with disabilities; on 

work with urban slum dwellers to improve their access to 

water and sanitation; and on how rural communities can 

benefit from more effective control and treatment for 

Foreword 

Bethuel Kiplagat Michael Smalley 

Board Chairman Director General 

malaria. AMREF continues to emphasise HIV/AIDS and we 

summarise work with voluntary counselling and testing 

(VCT) centres, with communities where children are 

orphaned by AIDS, and with refugee camps where we are 

helping build the skills of refugees to increase among camp 

dwellers their awareness of HIV/AIDS. We also describe work 

to use distance education to strengthen the skills of 26,000 

community nurses in Kenya. 

Community-based health care also provides a powerful tool 

to bring reality to the interactions between health, poverty 

and sustainable development. Together with Legambiente, 

Italy’s largest environmental organisation, AMREF went to 

the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in 

Johannesburg during 2002, to give a voice to the 300 

million Africans living in total poverty. 

During 2002 AMREF revised its mission statement—to 

improve the health of disadvantaged people in Africa as a 

means for them to escape poverty and improve the quality 

of their lives. AMREF is helping break the cycle of poor 

health and poverty, and helping move the people of Africa 

out of poverty by empowering them to achieve better 

health. 

We wish to thank the many people who have contributed to 

the work and achievements of AMREF during the year: 

board members, the AMREF staff in Africa and colleagues in 

the national offices in Europe and North America. Finally, 

and most important, we thank all who have provided 

funding to the programmes of the Foundation during 2002. 

3

For 45 years AMREF has been implementing programmes in Africa’s health sector 

But success in meeting set objectives is not enough. The 

vision that drives a non-governmental organisation can 

lose focus if the effectiveness of its purpose is not 

regularly examined. To this end, AMREF listened to its 

constituents, such as Rose, a Kenyan subsistence farmer. 

She said, “We keep on asking questions but we never get 

answers. The question that puzzles us every day is 

whether we will be able to survive.” 

At least 45 per cent of Africans are trapped in poverty, 

according to the World Bank. It is a poverty that is all 

pervasive. It saturates societies and saps their energy, 

shrinking choice and limiting opportunity. It strips people 

of a voice, influence, information and resources. Robbed 

of these basic human rights, hundreds of millions of 

Africans are shackled to an existence of bleak hardship. 

Bearing this in mind, AMREF reassessed its purpose to see 

if it was meeting the demands of contemporary Africa. 

Was it merely helping Rose and those like her to live 

marginally better in miserable circumstances? Or was it 

making a significant contribution to helping humanity 

flourish? After the assessment, AMREF’s vision has 

expanded to make it clear that it will use health care, 

education and training as instruments for levering 

disadvantaged people in Africa 

out of poverty, not for living 

longer lives still in poverty. 

The causal relationship between 

deprivation and disease is fundamental and obvious. 

Poverty undermines health. Yet good health is critical to 

poor families because they have no savings to which they 

can resort in times of crisis and because their means of 

income usually depends on physical labour. Unable to 

afford good food, they become malnourished, which 

makes them easy prey to illness. 

In Kenya’s Makueni District, where AMREF runs a 

community-based health-care project, food insecurity is 

chronic. Far too many families cannot afford to buy seeds 

until they have earned money by working on neighbours’ 

plots. This means they plant late and reap a poor or no 

harvest. And even as they plant, they are weak from 

hunger and barely able to put in the necessary hours. 

Malnutrition among the general population fluctuates 

between 30% and 55%. 

Poor people’s living conditions serve to endanger their 

health further. Open drains, lack of latrines and 

overcrowding spread disease. The poor are forced to take 

dangerous jobs and are exposed to violence, often of a 

sexual nature. Without clean water, sanitation, education, 

adequate housing and physical security, disadvantaged 

people are constantly exposed to health risks. This holds 

particularly true for children, who suffer stunting from 

birth and are more vulnerable to disease. Healthy children 

learn better and grow up to make a greater contribution 

to the society in which they live. 

Human development has for the past decade been 

defined by factors such as life expectancy, school 

enrolment and maternal mortality. But in many ways, this 

litany of statistics does not touch the fundamental truth 

of impoverishing circumstances. Genuine development of 

the individual and the community is concerned with 

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6 

enabling people to participate actively in a process of 

social change that leads to enjoyment of basic, and not 

so basic, human rights. 

AMREF weaves this understanding of what constitutes a 

healthy, richer society into its six core areas of 

intervention: HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, malaria, safe 

water and environmental sanitation, family health, clinical 

outreach, disaster management and emergency response, 

and training and development of health learning 

materials. 

The path from poverty to empowerment cannot be 

followed without surmounting barriers that hinder 

growth and foster isolation. To this end, AMREF has 

placed greater emphasis this year on training and on 

formulating policy. It is up to governments to create the 

structures and enabling environment that can elevate the 

critical mass of a nation above poverty. AMREF’s role in 

this process is to take its knowledge, based on 

experience, and transform it into an instrument of 

change. 

No longer is it sufficient to say that those who earn 

below the benchmark income of US$1 a day are poor 

and those who earn above it are not. An improved 

lifestyle reaches beyond the provision of basic services to 

the intangibles. Do the vulnerable sectors of the 

community suffer discrimination and stigma? Can they 

benefit from the successes of others like them to expand 

their opportunities and realise their potential? 

AMREF’s work with the physically and mentally disabled 

dates back to 1988 when the Community-Based 

Rehabilitation Project was initiated in Kenya’s Makueni 

District. A pilot project that replicates the Makueni 

blueprint for training and microcredit was launched in 

July 2001 at Chichacha in Inharrime District of 

AMREF and Disability 

One out of every six poor Africans is estimated that 

suffers from a disability. From this it can be assumed that 

at least one quarter of the families living below the 

poverty line have a disabled family member in their midst. 

The daily challenges in the life of Grace Mbiti, (above) a 

subsistence farmer, underscore AMREF’s belief that people 

with physical and mental disabilities are a 

sector of the population most likely to bear 

the brunt of poverty. Grace and her husband, 

Peter, a casual worker, share a mud-andthatch 

house with their three sons. The boys 

are 15, 12 and 6. They suffer from a 

weakness in the leg muscles that causes 

severe twisting and buckling of the bones. 

Grace wanted her sons to receive an 

education but was unable to carry them in 

her arms to and from school each day. ‘They want to be 

active just like other children of their age, but all they can 

do is feed themselves,’ she says. ‘I bathe them, help them 

go to the latrine, and talk to them a lot because they feel 

lonely.’ 

Grace is fortunate in that physiotherapists from AMREF’s 

Community-Based Rehabilitation Project in Makueni

District have shown her how to look after her sons. 

AMREF has also donated three wheelchairs and, with the 

help of the Christoffel Blindenmission, has made it 

possible for the boys’ legs to be straightened at Kikuyu 

Hospital near Nairobi. 

If poverty eliminates options for improving lifestyles, 

disability shortens horizons even further. It disenfranchises 

through stigma, discrimination and ignorance. In Kenya, 

most cultures dictate that people with disability cannot 

inherit land and other property. The deaf and the mute 

are deprived of the fundamental right to be heard in 

public forums because signing is not an official language. 

User-friendly features such as ramps for wheelchairs are 

rare in public places, meaning that all too often children 

cannot attend school and adults cannot work in offices or 

use public transport. 

AMREF has now translated its long experience with the 

problems of the disabled into policy that will benefit the 

entire nation. A team headed by Shaya Asindua, zonal 

coordinator for eastern and coastal Kenya, acts as a key 

facilitator in a campaign to protect the rights of this 

significant constituency. A grassroots movement led by the 

Disability Caucus has been lobbying government and 

leaders to revive and review draft legislation that was 

shelved in the 1980s. 

AMREF has helped members of the United Disabled 

Persons of Kenya to take the bill back to the countryside 

so that communities can lobby their members of 

parliament in their home constituencies. It has undertaken 

to educate the media as well as legislators. Games and 

role-playing take place in schools so that students can 

understand the challenges the disabled routinely 

overcome. Children are asked to find their way around the 

classroom blindfold or to play football with a leg tied up. 

Lobbying on behalf of the Kenyans with Disability Bill 

(2001) reached a watershed in June 2002 when the bill 

had its first reading. It is expected that it will be passed 

during the new parliament in 2003, transforming the lives 

of 3 million people. 

AMREF has learned that lobbying works if the 

relevant constituents are mobilised from the 

grassroots upwards. 

The next step is to replicate in Inharrime District 

of Mozambique the successes that the 

Community-Based Rehabilitation Project has had 

in Makueni District, with the long-term objective 

of enacting legislation to protect the rights of the 

disabled in Mozambique. 

Best practices are being documented and shared 

widely to influence policy. 

AMREF would like to thank Comic Relief and the Swedish 

International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) for 

funding this project. 

Lobbying by the Disability Caucus took the 

Kenyans with Disability Bill (2001) through its 

first reading in June 2002. 

7

8 

Mozambique. But AMREF has also taken another 

significant step towards improving the lives of the 

disabled. 

It has been a prime mover in Kenya’s Disability Caucus 

campaign to see that legislation is enacted to safeguard 

the right of the disabled to lead an ordinary life within 

their communities. The bill makes it mandatory for 

children with a disability to have access to equal 

education. It also provides the legal framework to 

encourage the training and employment of people with 

disabilities. June 2002 saw its first reading in parliament. 

This experience with lobbying from the grassroots up can 

be replicated in Mozambique and elsewhere at a later 

stage. 

AMREF draws on the energy of local communities to 

support their initiatives for better health and genuine 

development. Yet this is only the starting point. When 

communities overcome challenges, AMREF now intends 

to see these formulas for success replicated throughout 

the continent by creating a network of shared 

information that penetrates even the most inaccessible 

area through mass communications, forums, workshops 

and collaboration with regional partners. The first step in 

this direction was taken when the AMREF team 

documented the voices of the poor on film and video and 

in print and presented this Climb to the Summit 

information package to delegates at the World Summit in 

Johannesburg in August 2002. 

HIV/AIDS 

AMREF continues to place great importance on dealing 

with the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The Foundation runs 26 

projects on HIV/AIDS that cover all its countries of 

operation. The programme collaborates with 

governments and communities under national strategic 

frameworks to reduce the risk of HIV transmission 

AMREF Climbing to the summit 

AMREF recognises the inextricable connection between 

good health, a clean environment and the ability to cast 

off the shackles of poverty. It also believes strongly in 

pooling information, and the pooling should include those 

living below the poverty line as well as policy makers and 

development personnel. In August 2002, 40,000 people 

gathered in Johannesburg in the World Summit of 

Sustainable Development to debate the action and 

failures of the promises set at Rio de Janeiro 10 years ago. 

In other parts of Africa, in the villages and slums that are 

home to 300 million people living in poverty, no reports 

filtered through of what was happening in the conference 

halls. 

For this reason, in the run-up to the World Summit 

AMREF joined in partnership with Legambiente, Italy’s 

largest environmental organisation, with a view to 

inducting the experts into a world that builds on 

experience rather than theory. Listening to the world’s 

poor articulate their needs was the starting point for 

finding solutions. So the two organisations put together a 

presentation comprising film, video and the written word 

and packed with the voices of those who had not been 

invited. On their journey to South Africa a team of Nairobi 

street children, environmental scientists from Europe, and 

social scientists from Africa gathered stories, opinions and 

the hopes of thousands of people living in poverty to 

present to summit participants at workshops and 

seminars. They called the project ‘Climbing to the 

Summit’.

‘Knowledge is a development resource. All development 

organisations should be agents of change and learn from 

each other and the people they work with. We saw the 

summit as a way to kick-start that process,’ says Mathew 

Ngunga, the project’s coordinator. 

It was the first time 10-year-old Kevin (main picture) had left 

the streets of the Dagoretti slum in Nairobi where he lives. 

On the way to climb Mount Kenya, Kevin visited rural 

communities whose livelihoods are destroying the forests and 

other natural resources on which they depend for a 

livelihood. He also met those who are reversing the cycle. 

Based on what he saw, he penned his hopes for the future in 

a letter to Nelson Mandela. AMREF followed Kevin’s 

pilgrimage of discovery from slum to mountain summit in the 

50-minute feature film Baba Mandela. It was screened at the 

Johannesburg summit which Kevin attended and at the 

Venice Film Festival (where it was awarded best film in its 

category). 

Another production, the documentary Speak, Africa!, is a 

moving testimony to the hardships and worries of the 

Baba Mandela continent’s voiceless majority. The video captures their 

I have trave led briefly, seen Africa, seen many things. 

I have seen communities being given surplus food from the rich countries due to famine. 

I have seen a disabled person that is assisting other disabled people live normal lives. 

I saw a woman putting branches on the riverbed to prevent soil erosion. 

I saw a fisherman not 

being able to fish due to water po lution. 

I have seen a squatter who has been forced to move from where he has lived all his life. 

Where he has cut trees to clear land for cultivation. 

I have seen a man cross a gulley, which has nothing to prevent soil erosion because there 

are no trees on the nearby hills. 

I have seen a Maasai who is fighting to prevent the lives of his community from being 

destroyed. 

I have seen an orphaned girl. I liked her but I could not tel her so. 

Baba Mandela, I am not one of the people that I met during my journey, just a 

witness. 

I am just a normal child. I may not know whether the house I live 

in Kibera is standard but I am sure that it can be better. 

Baba Mandela, now I know how to read and 

write. I think I am better now because I have seen many things that surprised me. 

I have discovered mountains, glaciers, forests and a continent without an end with a 

diversity of wildlife. 

I have discovered good people, full of laughter that greeted me and many other good 

things. 

I have discovered that people in Africa do only one thing, walking. 

I have also discovered that all the people listen to good music, which they compose and 

dance to. 

I send you this letter to this place that you live called South Africa. 

I do not know whether this is another Africa but I understand that you also have 

problems. 

I have also been told that you also appreciate good music. 

Baba Mandela, I also appreciate good music. 

G oodbye. 

Kevin 

memories of easier times, their thoughts on the causes of 

environmental degradation and their ideas for solving today’s 

challenges. 

Many of Africa’s poor communities are breaking the cycle of 

poor health, poverty and environmental degradation. But what 

is working in one area is not relayed to others in a similar 

predicament. Breaking the Cycle reports on successes in five 

areas of concern to Africa: AIDS, water, food security, 

deforestation and human settlements. It invites those involved 

with development to embark on a journey to circulate the 

individual knowledge and collective energy of the African 

continent. 

A number of disagreements marked the start of the scientists’ 

odyssey. Are genetically modified seeds a good or bad thing 

for Africa? Are antiretroviral drugs necessarily the answer to 

the AIDS pandemic? Such academic questions are of no use to 

Africans who are hungry, sick, uninformed and worried about 

tomorrow. When interviewed, their opinions on such matters 

were raw and down-to-earth. The immediacy of the 

encounters was tremendously thought provoking for the 

scientists from both continents, who subsequently changed 

their positions on these controversial matters. 

The AMREF–Legambiente cooperation was so successful at the 

World Summit that it plans to organise poverty summits in 

Rome and Nairobi as soon as possible. 

AMREF learned that European civil society often 

misunderstands the needs of Africa’s poor and 

Africans must foster efficient and effective knowledge 

networks. 

The next step is to network best practices through 

regional partners, policy forums and mass 

communications. 

AMREF would like to thank AMREF Italy, Comune di Roma, 

Provincia di Torino and Legambiente for funding this project. 

‘Knowledge is a development resource. 

All development organisations should be 

agents of change and learn from each other and 

the people they work with.’ 

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through education on safe sexual behaviour, strengthen 

health systems to improve diagnosis, treat sexually 

transmitted infections, and provide safe blood. Another 

important intervention is the support and care of people 

infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS. This year saw the 

launch of voluntary counselling and testing centres in 

Tanzania supported by an AIDS-awareness media 

campaign. The programme has been so successful that 

the Tanzanian government will use the AMREF model for 

its own centres. Following up on earlier research that 

showed HIV transmission can be reduced by as much as 

42% through managing sexually transmitted infections 

(STI), AMREF has continued with its STI prevention project 

in Nyanza Province, Kenya, and with training health 

workers in STI management in three areas of Tanzania. 

Without doubt one of the greatest crises facing 

contemporary and future Africa is the fate of a rapidly 

increasing population of orphaned children, who 

represent the third shock wave of the AIDS pandemic. 

The first wave was triggered by a rising incidence of HIV 

infections followed by the second wave, AIDS deaths. It 

has been estimated that in less than a decade there will 

be 42 million orphans, about half of whose mother or 

father or both will have died of AIDS. 

As the aid and development sector gropes for practical 

solutions amid the flood tide, AMREF has been building 

up best practices in its community-based care-andsupport 

projects for orphans, their dying parents and their 

carers. The social and economic impact on these children 

cannot be overstated. Many children will grow up with no 

parental role model to provide their moral map or to 

teach them how to be productive members of the 

community. Even though this phenomenon is immediate 

and urgent, leaders and policy makers have not given it 

nearly enough considered thought. 

AMREF VCTs in Tanzania 

At the Mwananyamala Youth Centre in Dar es Salaam 

there is silence among the people seated along the walls 

of the waiting room. There are students, married couples 

planning to have a baby, young couples who want to 

marry. Some are professionals. Others have little 

education. This apparently disparate group shares one 

thing in common. They have made the decision to face 

their past and manage their future. All want to be tested 

for HIV. Clients come voluntarily, knowing that whatever 

passes behind these doors will be confidential and 

anonymous. Even the name cards they are given at 

reception are pseudonyms. 

Rose (not her real name) sells rice and tea on the street. A 

few days ago she learned that her boyfriend is positive. 

They started their affair by using condoms but after a 

while, they felt they could trust each other. Her face is 

expressionless, but her heart is pounding in her chest as 

she awaits the results of her test. It may seem like an 

eternity, but the whole process takes only 30 minutes. 

AMREF has been working closely with the Tanzanian 

Ministry of Health to establish VCT (voluntary counselling 

and testing) centres throughout the country. This year four

sites were opened in Dar es Salaam plus three more—in 

Mwanza, Iringa and Dodoma regions. By June 2003 there 

will be 21 AMREF VCT centres throughout Tanzania. And 

AMREF plans to work with other centres to adopt the 

AMREF model. 

To publicise the introduction of VCT centres, this past July 

AMREF launched a multimedia campaign called Angaza 

(Swahili for ‘light up’). One of the surprise results was a 

sixfold increase in clients at VCT centres. This 

demonstrated that publicity is an effective way to raise 

HIV/AIDS awareness. Of the 22,702 people (42% female 

and 58% male) who visited the Angaza sites during the 

first year, 11.2% have tested positive, and women were at 

least twice as likely to be positive. 

Angaza counsellors work under AMREF project manager 

Dr Anne Kisesa. They are former social workers, nurses 

and health workers who have been professionally trained 

by AMREF in psychology and communications as well as 

HIV/AIDS. It is their job to help clients make right choices 

in light of their status. 

The door opens and Rose is called in. The counsellor 

offers her a seat then delivers the news. She is positive. 

After gently wiping Rose’s tears away, he tells her that a 

balanced diet, no unprotected sex, frequent counselling, 

sleeping under a mosquito net and quick treatment of 

infections and diseases will help her psychological outlook 

as well as her health. 

AMREF has learned that if good quality 

counselling and testing services are made 

available, people will use the services and that 

media campaigns raise awareness of HIV/AIDS. 

The next step is to conduct a study to ascertain 

whether the introduction of VCT centres will 

reduce stigma within the community and 

encourage those at risk of infection with HIV to 

change behaviour patterns. 

AMREF would like to thank USAID (US Agency for 

International Development) for funding this project. 

In the first four months after the 

launch of the Angaza media campaign 

attendance at centres for HIV counselling and 

testing increased sixfold. 

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AMREF Uganda AIDS orphans 

This was the second year of a three-year project to build 

sustainable community-based support for HIV/AIDS 

orphans and vulnerable children in Butuntumula subcounty 

of Uganda’s Luwero District. 

AMREF’s experience with orphans in Uganda’s Luwero 

District dates back to the early 1990s. Death and 

destitution caused by fighting were compounded by a 

high prevalence of HIV that began in the second half of 

the 1980s. Today 10% of Butuntumula’s population are 

orphans according to a baseline survey conducted during 

the year. The data show that 65% are cared for by 

mothers who have no income or by elderly grandparents 

with little means of support. 

AMREF’s project is based on home and community care of 

orphans, which costs a fraction of the alternative of 

institutionalisation in orphanages—an alternative that is 

usually non-existent anyway. It is AMREF’s goal to restore 

to children the normal, fulfilling life each of them has the 

right to enjoy. Orphanages are not only costly and 

unsustainable for the large-scale care of children; they 

also jeopardize a child’s right to inherit land, as the child is 

not in the village to claim that right. Land ownership is 

one of the greatest resources a child can have to rise 

above poverty. 

The goal is to strengthen the community’s ability to care 

for orphans, to ensure their continued education, to 

provide older children with vocational training and loans 

to start small businesses, and to educate them in how to 

prevent HIV/AIDS. To date just over half the orphans in 

Butuntumula benefit from the project. 

When Jane Nabukeera’s (main picture) son died, he left 

his widowed mother with six children, all under the age 

of 13. ‘Their father left nothing for them, not even a 

house,’ she explains. ‘When I heard about AMREF, I 

applied for assistance. At first I thought they would give 

me food to feed the children. But actually they helped me 

build a livestock business and I now have a heifer and 

three young bulls,’ says Jane. AMREF is strengthening the 

community’s resources to enable families and orphans to 

manage on their own and to pave the way for a future in 

which children can enjoy their basic rights. 

In a country where parents or 

guardians must pay towards 

schooling no matter how destitute 

their circumstances, one of the 

most severe demands in caring for 

orphans is to provide them with 

education. AMREF’s solution to 

meeting the costs is to provide a 

school with building materials and 

furniture in exchange for fee 

waivers. Mr Wilekawa used to 

teach some of his classes under a tree. Now children 

learn in a smart new schoolhouse. Members of the 

community provided sand, bricks and labour while 

AMREF donated timber, iron sheets and doors. 

Just who benefits from this barter scheme is decided 

by parish orphans committees, whose members are

drawn from villagers and neighbours who are acquainted 

with each child’s circumstances. School fees are about 

US$15 a year. AMREF negotiates a deal with the schools 

to supply the equivalent amount in kind. 

In all, AMREF supports over 3,000 orphans in Kenya and 

Uganda with vocational training, school fees and 

materials, and seed money for income-generating 

activities. 

AMREF has learned that community-based 

education and business support enhances the 

rights of orphans as well as their health and wellbeing. 

The next step is to replicate and validate AMREF’s 

experience with the Luwero orphans in other 

parts of Africa. The practices that work will be 

shared with other organisations in the region to 

make a better future possible for many more of 

the millions of orphans in Africa. 

AMREF would like to thank Kindernothilfe, Lutheran 

World Relief, AMREF Netherlands, AMREF USA, and the 

Elton John AIDS Foundation for funding this project. 

More than half the orphans in 

Butuntumula are receiving community-based 

support with the help of AMREF. 

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Malaria 

AMREF has malaria projects in Kenya, Mozambique, 

South Africa and Uganda. Its strategies for combating 

malaria include research, treatment and the use of 

mosquito nets treated with insecticide. Malaria has an 

enormous adverse effect on the health of families and the 

prosperity of communities and nations. It is one of the 

top three killers among communicable diseases. It causes 

one quarter of all deaths among African children under 

the age of four. 

This year saw the conclusion of three projects. In 

Inharrime and Zavala in Mozambique, education and the 

provision of mosquito nets changed attitudes towards 

malaria and reduced infant mortality from the disease. In 

Kenya, the five-year Bungoma District Malaria Initiative 

came to an end as did the Employer-Based Malaria 

Control project. 

The Employer-Based Malaria Control project was an 

innovative partnership between the public and private 

sectors in the Lake Victoria and coastal areas. The goal 

was to improve the health and economic status of 

workers, farmers and members of women’s groups and 

their families by having women manufacture treated nets 

for a ready-made market among workers in the 

agricultural, industrial and tourism sectors. By the end of 

the project period, 45,600 nets had been sold and 483 

community health workers trained. Reported cases of 

malaria fell by 50%. Work absenteeism was reduced by 

up to 50%, and medical expenditure by the industries 

involved was reduced by between 9% and 44%. 

Over the next three years it is AMREF’s intention to 

increase its budget for malaria control considerably. 

Malaria is taking an increasing toll. Drug-resistant strains 

of the parasite continue to emerge, mosquito populations 

AMREF Malaria and vendors 

In any given year, nearly 10% of the global population 

suffers from malaria—500 million cases—and more than 

1 million die from it. The disease has a devastating impact 

on health and income earning in areas where it is 

endemic, further impoverishing already poor sectors of 

society. In sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 90% of 

these deaths occur, the disease levies a toll of US$10 

billion annually in lost wages, business and tourism 

potential. Malaria is also the underlying cause for much 

chronic illness and anaemia and for the low weights of 

babies at birth. 

Malaria is so common in many rural areas that a variety of 

symptoms—headache, joint pain, fever, coughing— 

prompt people to self-diagnose and buy an anti-malarial 

drug from a roadside kiosk without first consulting a 

doctor. These incorrect dosages and the inappropriate 

consumption of anti-malarial drugs have led to the 

emergence of drug-resistant strains of the parasite. 

Parasite resistance to chloroquine has increased by a 

factor of 14 over the past decade, making the battle 

against malaria even harder to win. To combat this 

scourge, AMREF has focused on community-based 

initiatives combined with the efficacy and proper usage of 

anti-malarial drugs to ensure that patients take the 

correct dosage of the correct drug. This objective is 

integral to the African Integrated Malaria Initiative.

In December 2002, AMREF’s malaria team headed by 

Hezron Ngugi concluded a five-year project, the Bungoma 

District Malaria Initiative. The goal was to reduce the 

number of deaths and cases of severe illness caused by 

malaria, particularly among pregnant women and children 

under five years old. A key aspect of the project was to 

monitor the efficacy of the anti-malarial drugs SP 

(sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine) and amodiaquine. SP is the 

Ministry of Health’s recommended first-line drug and 

amodiaquine the recommended second-line drug. Studies 

carried out by the team in three health facilities in western 

Kenya’s Bungoma District showed that amodiaquine was 

considerably more effective than SP. Amodiaquine’s failure 

rate was less than 15% of malaria cases while the rate for 

SP ranged between 15 and 30%. 

Armed with these results, AMREF turned its attention to 

the traders in retail drugs. Customarily, drugs are sold over 

the counter from small roadside kiosks as well as in duka 

la dawa (chemist shops). In many rural areas the vendors 

are mobile. They tend to be young entrepreneurial men 

with little education who peddle their goods over bicycle 

bars. These vendors and shop attendants were trained in 

the correct drugs and the correct usage for malaria. By 

June this year, AMREF had reached 545 anti-malarial drug 

outlets that serve an estimated population of 7,000. In the 

area where drug vendors had been approached, nearly 

55% of shoppers purchased the correct anti-malarial 

drugs in adequate dosages compared with only 22% in 

the area where there had been no intervention. 

Other aspects of the project include community health 

education and use of community-made mosquito bednets 

dipped in insecticide. The project team has trained 

125 health workers in 31 health facilities, who in turn 

have reached about 40% of the parents or caretakers of 

children under five years old with information on malaria 

prevention and treatment. Further studies show that 61% 

of caretakers are able to treat the children correctly, 

compared with 35% among the untrained caretakers. 

Prevention measures rely considerably on widespread use 

of these treated nets. AMREF has assisted local 

communities to make the nets by providing credit and 

training. An initial group of 15 outlets—health facilities, 

organised community groups and a church parish—were 

trained in business, marketing, financial management and 

malaria control and then given access to revolving funds. 

In three months’ time 3,000 nets had been sold and the 

outlets had repaid 95% of the value of the advance 

supplies. By the project’s end, 64 committees had been 

trained and had produced 17,000 nets. 

Among the households purchasing nets, 75% used them 

for young children under five years old and their mothers. 

Civil servants, who by definition had higher incomes than 

most community members, had bought most of the nets. 

A mid-term assessment of the project found that the 

challenge was to increase market demand by making the 

nets more affordable. Despite the cost, by March 2002 

net usage had risen from 12% to more than 31%. 

AMREF learned that training of rural vendors is 

an effective way of ensuring correct malaria 

treatment. 

AMREF learned that resistance to the 

recommended first-line malaria treatment drug 

in Kenya is rapidly increasing. The next step is 

to advocate for the recommended first-line 

drug to be changed. 

AMREF would like to thank USAID (US Agency for 

International Development) for funding this project. 

AMREF’s research has generated evidence 

showing increasing resistance to the Ministry 

of Health’s recommended first-line malaria 

treatment drug. At the same time, training of 

community health workers has more than 

doubled the use of mosquito bed-nets. 

15

16 

have increased, and mosquitoes have appeared that are 

resistant to insecticides. Early diagnosis and prompt 

treatment are fundamental components of the World 

Health Organisation (WHO) global strategy to combat 

malaria. The correct use of an effective anti-malarial drug 

shortens the duration of the illness and reduces the risk 

of complications and death. Yet anti-malarial drug 

resistance is spreading and intensifying. 

The additional funding for the malaria programme will be 

used to strengthen health systems to ensure that the 

disease is correctly diagnosed and treated; to monitor 

anti-malarial drug sensitivity and use; to detect and 

contain malaria outbreaks at an early stage; and to 

continue the insecticide-treated nets campaign and vector 

control. 

Water and sanitation 

Safe water and basic sanitation is a key programme. 

Hygiene education combined with access to adequate 

sanitation and safe water supplies greatly reduces cases 

of diarrhoea. 

AMREF has traditionally worked closely with communities 

to improve access to safe water for both human and 

animal consumption by developing shallow wells and 

gravity water schemes and by rehabilitating boreholes. 

This year saw the beginning of an extensive impact 

assessment, to examine how families with access to these 

water supplies have benefitted (or otherwise) in the last 

10 years. This will enable AMREF to calculate value for 

money as well as value for people. 

In the past AMREF has focused mainly on developing 

more water points, but of late, in addition to more access 

to safe water, it has emphasised the construction of 

toilets and other sanitation facilities. This year the ‘Stop 

Flying Toilets’ campaign was launched in Nairobi to 

benefit the residents of Kibera slum. 

AMREF Kibera’s Flying Toilets 

John Kassinganji (main picture), a charcoal dealer, knows 

the meaning of congestion. John lives in Kibera where he 

shares a few acres of foul-smelling, overcrowded and 

garbage-strewn land with 50,000 other residents of an 

enclave known as Laini Saba (Swahili meaning ‘seventh 

lane’). John is one of two million people who inhabit 

Nairobi’s 100 or so slums. He enjoys none of the 

amenities that others take for granted such as running 

water, electricity, streets, drains, garbage collection or 

telephones. But what John does have is the use of a 

toilet. 

Last year Laini Saba’s toilet ratio was one for every 1,600 

people. John had no option but to relieve himself where 

he could, thus exacerbating the already high incidence of 

waterborne diseases such as cholera and dysentery. A 

favoured method for disposing of human waste was to 

use a plastic bag and throw it into an open sewer or onto 

a neighbour’s roof. This method is locally referred to as a 

‘flying toilet’. 

Unbearable as living conditions are, no one leaves 

Nairobi’s slums because there is nowhere to go. Recent 

surveys show that one third of Nairobi’s slum residents are 

second and third generation. Another third is first 

generation but has been resident in Kibera for an average 

of 20 years. Land ownership is the key to upgrading 

slums, as Nairobi’s slum dwellers know only too well. 

Because the land on which slums mushroom is 

undeveloped government property, the rental sector is

adrift from the accountability of bylaws and regulations. 

It is this absence of title deeds that drives the vast profits 

that can be made in slums by ‘landlords’. Tenants pay 

30% to 40% of their income on housing, but they receive 

neither maintenance nor services in return. Communities 

have long been left to fend for themselves as best they 

can. It is against this background that a nascent 

movement of grassroots activism is emerging. 

AMREF has run a community health centre in Kibera since 

1998. This year a community organisation called Mradi wa 

Afya ya Msingi na Maendeleo (Grassroots Health 

Development Project) asked AMREF if it would extend its 

involvement by becoming a partner in a project to build 

latrines and ablution blocks. The Laini Saba residents had 

already hurdled the most difficult obstacle: they had 

persuaded landlords to give up small corners of land as 

latrine sites. AMREF agreed to the proposal and the target 

was set at building 300 units at a cost of US$375 a unit. 

AMREF customarily seeks funding overseas. In a departure 

from this tradition, it was decided to look to Kenyans for 

help in upgrading Laini Saba. A dull subject was enlivened 

to attract public interest. The project, led by Sylvia 

Mudasia, was dubbed ‘Stop Flying Toilets!’ Launched just 

before Christmas, the fundraising drive was carried 

out through the media and special events. 

Response from the public was massive. A 20kilometre 

race led by legendary Kenyan 

track stars Kipchoge Keino, Wilson 

Kipketer, Patrick Sang and Paul Tergat 

raised US$25,640. Private individuals and companies were 

more than generous with donations. Other ranking 

Kenyan athletes spearheaded by Godfrey Kiprotich 

donated their winnings from races abroad. A golf 

tournament that was held raised even more thousands of 

dollars. Kibera residents pitched in enthusiastically too by 

providing free labour equivalent to 30% of the 

construction costs. 

To date 72 toilets cum shower units have been 

constructed and the building continues. Demonstrating a 

definite entrepreneurial flair, the community has imposed 

user fees the equivalent of US cents 2 for a toilet and US 

cents 4 for a shower. 

AMREF has learnt that a partnership between 

poor communities and middle-income 

communities can make a successful development 

project. 

The next step is to do a comparative analysis to 

see how much reduction there has been in the 

incidence of waterborne and sanitation-related 

diseases. 

Knowledge learnt in Kibera will be documented 

and shared with governments, NGOs and other 

policy makers. 

AMREF would like to thank the Community Fund UK, 

Shell International, the Bush Hospital Foundation, Direct 

Relief International, the Shell Foundation, AMREF Italy, 

AMREF UK, and the Stop Flying Toilets campaign for 

funding this project. 

Kenyan track stars spearheaded by 

Godfrey Kiprotich donated their winnings from 

races abroad to build toilets in 

Nairobi’s Kibera slum. 

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18 

In South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal, with support from the 

DFID Civil Society Challenge Fund, AMREF supports the 

Eyethu (Zulu for ‘It Is Ours’) Water and Sanitation Project, 

where local builders are trained to use locally available 

materials, creating jobs and skills as well as inexpensive 

but sturdy, long-lasting toilets. These community builders 

are constructing more than 350 household and 50 school 

latrines. 

AMREF’s next area of focus will be to improve housing 

and drainage systems. Combined with safe water, 

sanitation and hygienic practices, this improvement 

should reduce the incidence of trachoma among 

pastoralists and of diarrhoeal diseases among the general 

population by 25%. The incidence of intestinal parasitic 

infections is expected to drop by 50%. 

Training and education 

AMREF has been active in training and education. The 

International Training and Development Directorate ran 

two flagship projects this year. At the Ministry of Health’s 

request, it collaborated with the Nursing Council of 

Kenya to create a distance-learning curriculum designed 

to upgrade 26,000 certificate-level nurses to registered 

nurses. It also conducted peer education in HIV/AIDS for 

refugees and returnees in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Uganda 

on a consultancy for the United Nations High 

Commission for Refugees (UNHCR). Both models were 

firsts for AMREF and both can now be replicated in other 

geographic areas and applied to other fields. 

AMREF Nurses’ training 

Changing technologies and medical breakthroughs make 

for constantly evolving dynamics in the nursing 

profession. Against this background, in 2001 the Ministry 

of Health gave the green light to its 1998 health-sector 

reform policy paper that called for multi-skilled 

professional nurses. AMREF’s International Training and 

Development Directorate this year helped the Nursing 

Council of Kenya create a distance-learning curriculum, 

materials and strategy to upgrade certificate-level nurses 

and enrolled community nurses to become registered 

nurses. 

Implementation of this welcome decision fell to the 

Nursing Council of Kenya, the body that ensures that 

Kenyan nursing conforms to prevailing international 

standards. However, there was an obstacle to achieving 

its goal. Kenya’s nursing schools offer a total annual 

intake of 100 places. If the council used traditional 

educational institutions, it would take two centuries to 

transform the existing body of 26,000 certificate-level 

nurses into internationally recognised registered nurses. 

It was obvious that conventional teaching methods would 

have to be scrapped. The council asked AMREF to draw 

up a distance-learning curriculum. It did. The method it 

drew up caters for all certificate-level enrolled community

nurses simultaneously and allows them to study while still 

providing quality health care in the clinics of Kenya’s 

towns and countryside. 

‘Distance learning is very appropriate for education, which 

is a lifelong process that should be free of the restrictions 

of time, geography and conventional methods,’ says 

Stephanie Nduba, (inset left) who is coordinating the 

work. 

In August 2001 Stephanie and a consultant facilitator 

from the University of Nairobi ran a distance-education 

writers’ workshop for 18 senior nurses, including Kenya’s 

first PhD nurse, to discuss syllabuses and materials. With 

the visualisation of theory a key component, much of the 

new curriculum will influence future basic training. The 

second stage took up much of 2002 as the workshop 

participants drew up courses in their particular skills back 

at their workplaces. By the end of the year, all but two of 

the participants had pretested their courses using 

questionnaires developed during the workshop. The 

Nursing Council of Kenya will make the course available to 

nurses in September 2003. 

AMREF has learned that it can develop the skills 

and capacities of health professionals to create 

modules for distance education. 

The next step is to bring distance education to 

target audiences among health practitioners 

throughout sub-Saharan Africa. 

AMREF would like to thank Commonwealth of Learning 

for funding this project. 

AMREF’s International Training and 

Development Directorate helped the Nursing 

Council of Kenya to create a distance-learning 

curriculum to upgrade 26,000 certificate-level 

nurses to registered nurses. 

19

20 

Family health 

Family health achieved through the vehicle of communitybased 

health care has long been a pillar of AMREF 

activities. Within the framework of community-based 

health care, health personnel go to communities to 

determine what may be the cause of their ill health. 

Communities are also expected to play an active role in 

supporting the health care facilities and services that are 

ultimately provided and to participate in activities that 

prevent disease or reduce their spread by finding 

acceptable ways to change behaviour in the community. 

Furthermore, because community-based health care is by 

its very nature rooted in the community, it provides a 

powerful medium for capturing the interactions between 

health, poverty and development. 

Despite the potential of community-based health care, 

realising its full benefits still presents challenges. Districtlevel 

health staff must be properly trained and have 

access to best practices. A national policy framework 

must support it, and its good policies must be 

implemented. AMREF’s family health programme has 

projects in all countries in which it operates except 

Ethiopia. 

Recognising the link between good health and a good 

economy, AMREF has been increasing its emphasis on 

income-generating activities in communities where it 

implements family health projects. The better quality of 

life in these communities underscores the link between 

improved incomes and improved health. 

This year AMREF witnessed the benefits of the second 

phase of a project in Kenya’s Kitui District that uses health 

education and income generation as entry points for 

improving women’s health. In the first phase, women had 

been given individual loans to start up small businesses 

AMREF Peer education for refugee camps 

In 2002 AMREF’s International Training and Development 

Directorate conducted peer education in HIV/AIDS for 

refugees and returnees in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Uganda 

under the supervision of the international training 

coordinator, Kalimi Mworia. The programme was initiated 

at the request of UNHCR (United Nations High 

Commission for Refugees). The first phase focused on a 

detailed needs assessment so that AMREF could design a 

peer-education programme and train the peer educators. 

Refugee camps harbour the classic ingredients for an 

AIDS epidemic: violence, poverty, oppression of women 

and girls, a poor health-delivery system, non-existent 

communications, and very low school enrolment. Other 

ingredients thrown in vary according to different cultures: 

polygamy, teenage marriage, female genital mutilation 

and widow inheritance. On top of this, most sub-Saharan 

refugee camps have no counselling or testing facilities 

and do not distribute condoms. 

The first pilot project was run in south-west Ethiopia at 

Bonga Camp, which has a population of 15,000 Uduk 

from southern Sudan. Team members trained teachers, 

community leaders and youth peer educators in data 

collection. The findings from the baseline survey showed

that the majority of youths were sexually active by the age 

of 15 and that many were teenage parents. This survey 

and other baseline data were used to develop a two-week 

curriculum specific for Uduk trainers on HIV/AIDS 

prevention through changing behaviour patterns. 

Similar projects were run for 650 southern Sudanese 

refugees in Elit Camp in western Eritrea, for 11,800 

refugees who had returned to Eritrea from camps in 

eastern Sudan, for 10,000 residents of Nakivale Camp in 

Mbarara District of Uganda where the majority are 

Rwandese, and for 5,500 Dinka in Pakelle Camp in 

northern Uganda. Research showed that Ugandan camps 

provided the most information on HIV/AIDS, although the 

highest incidence of sexual violence was found at 

Nakivale. Dinka youth were particularly low in their 

awareness of the disease and ways to prevent its spread. 

Posters in mother languages, drama and music were used 

to embed the AIDS messages in the cultures of the various 

groups that the AMREF teams worked with. 

Recommendations based on project findings 

include making condoms available to refugees 

and introducing voluntary counselling and testing 

centres and youth-friendly health services. 

AMREF has learned that the need for HIV/AIDS 

education is great among neglected communities 

in inaccessible places. 

The next steps are to cover all camps in Eritrea, 

Ethiopia and Uganda and to extend HIV/AIDS 

education to camps in Kenya and Tanzania. Then 

train UNHCR staff about HIV/AIDS awareness and 

gender violence and World Food Programme staff 

in the special dietary needs of people living with 

AIDS. 

AMREF would like to thank the United Nations High 

Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) for funding this 

project. 

AMREF conducted HIV/AIDS education 

among 43,000 refugees in Eritrea, 

Ethiopia and Uganda. 

21

22 

such as bakeries, livestock trading and vegetable kiosks. 

An evaluation showed that the businesswomen had been 

able to acquire assets such as land and livestock and to 

spend cash income on development rather than on basic 

survival needs alone. Houses were constructed to a higher 

standard. Latrine use increased. Other health-related 

activities were noted such as the use of rubbish pits and 

cleaner water. 

In the second phase, women were invited to buy shares 

in a revolving fund. This had even greater benefits for the 

community as it allowed the women to liquidate their 

assets at appropriate times to use the cash to benefit the 

entire community. The women now have completed 

constructing a village bank to house their revolving fund. 

Its doors will open in 2003. 

Clinical services 

The Clinical Outreach programme is the longest running 

of all AMREF’s activities, having been established in 1957. 

The programme serves 41 remote hospitals in Kenya and 

Tanzania, bringing specialist medical and surgical services 

up to six times per year to the most disadvantaged 

people. It gives on-the-job training to medical and 

technical staff; it provides essential medical supplies and 

repair of essential equipment. Future plans for the 

programme will address public health and preventive 

measures in remote communities. 

The surgical outreach component of the programme 

utilises AMREF’s three surgeons, who are specialised in 

vesico-vaginal fistula surgery, reconstructive surgery and 

urology. An additional 25 hospitals throughout the 

eastern African region are regularly visited for service 

delivery and on-site training of staff. This year saw a 

major project for vesico-vaginal fistula repair being 

conducted in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Specific 

courses have also been introduced that focus on surgical 

training of local medical staff for this type of repair and 

for reconstructive surgery. Expert surgeons from overseas 

have provided voluntary assistance in developing and 

conducting these courses. There are only seven 

reconstructive surgeons for East Africa’s population of 

110 million, so this training is an essential component in 

transferring their skills to doctors working in East Africa. 

Cinical laboratory activities are carried out both centrally 

in the AMREF laboratories in Nairobi and Dar es Salaam 

and peripherally in outlying laboratories attached to 

health facilities. The programme currently operates in five 

countries in the region. Other activities supporting rural 

laboratories include investigating regional disease 

outbreaks, developing a regional external qualityassessment 

scheme, testing and evaluating new 

equipment and techniques, and preparing laboratoryrelated 

learning materials. Peripheral activities include 

holding workshops on improved diagnostic practices, 

evaluating and providing on-site training in new 

laboratories, and developing effective laboratory supply 

systems.

The African Medical and Research Foundation (AMREF) is 

an independent, non-profit, non-governmental 

organization (NGO) whose mission is to improve the 

health of disadvantaged people in Africa as a means for 

them to escape poverty and improve the quality of their 

lives. AMREF defines the disadvantaged as people who 

suffer from the high prevalence and severe impact of 

major health problems like malaria, HIV/AIDS, poor water 

and sanitation, lack of information about adolescent and 

reproductive health, and poor access to health care. 

Expenditure by priority 

intervention areas in 2002 

The African Medical and Research Foundation expenditure analysis 

Founded in 1957, AMREF has its headquarters in Nairobi, 

Kenya, and has country offices in Kenya, South Africa, 

Tanzania and Uganda. It has field offices in Ethiopia and 

Mozambique and major projects in Rwanda, Somalia and 

southern Sudan. 

AMREF has defined six priority areas for intervention: 

HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis, malaria, safe water and 

environmental sanitation, family health, clinical outreach, 

disaster management and emergency response, and 

training and development of health learning materials. 

Wherever possible AMREF takes a holistic approach and 

implements its activities within the context of communitybased 

health care. 

23

24 

To achieve its mission, AMREF implements its projects 

through and across its country programmes, learning 

from those projects and using the information and 

knowledge gained to inform and influence others. AMREF 

emphasizes developing, testing and evaluating 

methodologies, best practices and systems that are 

appropriate, relevant, affordable and effective. 

Expenditure by country in 2002 Donor income 

AMREF programmes depend on funds raised mostly from 

Europe and North America. Donors include governments, 

foundations, trusts, corporate companies and individuals. 

To support awareness and fundraising activities in the 

north, AMREF has 12 national offices, in Austria, Canada, 

Denmark, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Monaco, Spain, 

Sweden, UK and USA.

AMREF’s presence in Africa 

Key 

Main programme countries 

Occasional training inputs and 

consultancies 

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26 

AMREF Regional offices and donors 

AMREF 

Headquarters 

PO Box 00506 – 27691 

Nairobi 

Kenya 

Tel: +254 2 605 220 

Fax: +254 2 609 518 

Telex: 23254 AMREF 

Email: 

info@amrefhq.org 

Director General 

Dr Michael Smalley 

Founders 

† Sir Archibald McIndoe 

Dr Thomas D Rees 

† Sir Michael Wood 

Patrons 

H.E. President 

Daniel T arap Moi, CGH, MP 

HRH Prince Bernhard of the 

Netherlands 

Board of Directors 

Bethuel Kiplagat (Chairman) 

Bruce Bodner 

Francis Howard 

Dr Irwin Friedman 

Dr Jessica Jitta 

Dr Adanetch Kidanemariam 

Dr Eunice Kiereini 

Dr Adeline Kimambo 

Iain Knapmann 

Dr Ulrich Laukamm-Josten 

Hans Tuyt 

Dr Nizar Verjee 

Dr Alfonso Villalonga 

Willhelm von Trott zu Solz 

Prof. Miriam Were 

† Deceased 

Ethiopia 

227B Asmara Road 

Worreda 18 

Kabele 07 

PO Box 20855 

Addis Ababa 

Tel: +251 1 630 766 

Fax: +2511 534 148 

Email: 

amref@mail.telecom.net.et 

Country Representative 

Dr John Nduba 

Kenya 

AMREF-Kenya 

PO Box 30125 

00100 GPO 

Nairobi 

Tel: +254 2 604 651 

Fax: +254 2 606 340 

Email: 

info@amrefke.org 

Country Director 

Ms Mette Kjaer 

Advisory Council 

Dr MA Abdullah 

Dr Jennifer Riria 

Dr MA Hassan 

Prof. Violet Kimani 

Elkanah Odembo 

Prof. Miriam Were 

Lawrence Ndombi 

Mozambique 

Av. Angostinho Neto 1584 

PO Box 433 

Maputo 

Tel: +258 1 424 913 

Fax: +258 1 310 810 

Email: 

amrefmoz@sortmoz.com 

Country Representative 

Ms Thelma Leifert 

South Africa 

329 Pretorious Street 

Momentum Centre 

West Tower 

7th Floor 

Pretoria, 0001 

Tel: +012 320 1332 

Fax: +012 320 1335 

Email: 

amrefsa@iafrica.com 


Ms Blanche Pitt 


Dr Irwin Friedman 

Dr Yussuf Salloojee 

Dr Tim Wilson 

Prof. William Pick 

Refiloe Serote 

Nomonde Bam 

Alec de Beer

Tanzania 

Ali Hassan Mwinyi Road 

PO Box 2773 

Dar es Salaam 

Tel: +255 222 116 610 

Fax: +255 222 115 823 

Email: 

info@amreftz.org 


Dr Daraus Bukenya 


JK Chande 

Hon. Dr Hussein Mwinyi, MP 

Dr Elly F Ndyetabura 

Dr Adeline Kimambo 

Dr Calista Simbakalia 

Mr Arnold Buluba 

Revy RN Tuluhungwa 

Arnold Kilewo 

Uganda 

PO Box 10663 

Kampala 

Tel: +256 41 250 319 

Fax: +256 41 344 565 

Email: 

info@amrefug.org 


Dr Vincent Oketcho 


Prof. Francis Omaswa 

Dr Jessica Jitta 

Florence Malinga 

Steven Mutyaba 

Christine Kabugo 

Eng. Patrick Kahangire 

Tom Matte 

Dr Fred Wabwire-Mangeni 

Donors 

American Life Insurance Company 

Anglo American 

Association of Physically Disabled in Kenya and the Budhist 

BOC Kenya 

Barclays Bank of Kenya 

Beta Health Care 

British Army 

Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) 

Centre for Human Services 

Coca-cola 

Commonwealth of Learning 

Compaq EA (Sys. Mgt. Ass. Ltd) 

Computer Revolution 

DTP Tirrassement 

Danida 

East African Foundry Works 

Engineering Dev. United 

European Union - Tanzania 

Fairview Hotel 

Family Health International 

Family Health International 

Fidelity Shield Insurance Company 

First Assurance Company 

First Chartered Securities 

Flying Doctors Society of Africa 

Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) 


Geita Gold Mining 

General Motors Kenya Ltd 

GlaxoSmithKline 

Government of Austria 

Hewlett Foundation 

IMC - Nairobi 

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 

Irish Aid 

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) 

KCS Registered Trust 

Kahama Mining 

Kencell Communications 

Kenya Breweries Limited 

Kenya Charity Sweepstakes 

Kenya Commercial Bank Ltd 

Kenya Pipeline Company 

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 

Lutheran World Relief 

MSP 

Michael Wood Memorial Fund 

NIC Bank 

Nairobi Hospital 

Nation Media Group 

Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) 

Oceanfreight EA Ltd 

Paco Gaya - Spain 

Postbank Ltd 

Precision Air Services 

Rotary Club of Nairobi East 

SDV Transami 

SIMAVI 

Safari Park Hotel 

Safaricom 

Sarova Hotels 

Securicor Security Services 

Sight Savers International 

Southern Credit 

Stanbic Bank 

Swedish International Development Cooperation (Sida) 

Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation 

The Copy Cat 

Thyagarajan VS 

UNAIDS 

Unilever Kenya Limited 

United Nations Disarmament Commission (UNDC)/World Health 

Organisation (WHO) - Tanzania 

United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) - Tanzania 

United Nations Family Planning Association (UNFPA) - Tanzania 

VCT/USAID Tanzania 

Wananchi Online 

Wartsila Eastern Africa 

World Bank International Development Agency 

World Food Programme (WFP) 

World Health Organisaiton (WHO) - Geneva 

World Health Organisation (WHO) 

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28 

AMREF National offices and donors 

Austria 

AMREF-Austria 

Gesellschaft fuer Medizin 

und Forschung in Afrika 

inc Flying Doctors Service 

Waagplatz 3 

A5020 Salzburg 

Tel: +43 (0)662 840 101 

Fax:+43 (0)662 847 820 

Email: 

amrefat@salzburg.co.at 

Director 

Christine Beck-Graninger 

Chairman 

Dr Walter Schmidjell 

Board members 

Anna Maria Schwaiger 

Mag. Alexander Viehauser 

Margit Ambros 

Dr Monika Schmidjell 

Irene Broda 

Ernst Ischovits 

Egmont Kap-herr 

Dr Martin Beck 

Dieter Schleehauf 

Harald Krassnitzer 

Donors 

A 3 

AEDC Austria 

ASV-ASKÖ 

AUA 

African Safari Club 

afs Stiftung Flüchtlingshilfe 

Agentur Kupfer 

Agentur Rehling 

Ambros Wolfgang 

Arbeiterkammer Salzburg 

Auslandsreferat der Österreichischen Ärztekammer 

Biochemie Kundl GmbH 

Buchrieser H und Franz 

Caritas Österreich 

Casino Austria 

Dorint Hotel 

EU - Europäische Union 

Egger Fritz und das Affront Theater 

FOB 

Firma Hahn 

Glaxo Wellcome 

Hiegelsberger Peter 

Hilfswerk Austria 

Hypo Salzburg 

ICEP 

Immobilien - Treuhänder Dr H Köstler 

KR Ing. Hubert u. Josefine Palfinger 

KWP - Bewohner 

Kraft Foods 

Krassnitzer Harald 

Kulturverein Schloß Goldegg 

MANPOWER Austria 

MECs - & MGC Salzburg 

MTM 

Music Promotions, Peter Fröstl 

Nationalmannschaft im Kunstbahnrodeln 

ORF und Landesstudio Salzburg 

Österreichische Bundesregierung 

Österreichische Nationalbank 

Palfinger AG 

Petzl Sabine 

Prock Markus und die österreichische 

Raika Kirchberg 

Ratiopharm 

Red Bull 

Rotary Club Salzburg West 

Salzburg Concerts 

Salzburg Stadt 

Salzburger Flughafen 

Salzburger Landes-Versicherung 

Salzburger Nachrichten 

Salzburger Ärztekammer 

Schifferer Andreas 

Staatsoper (Opernball) 

Stadt Retz 

Stiegl Brauerei 

Swiss 

TILAK 

Tempo’s kreative Welt 

Tennis Point Hotel Anif 

University of Innsbruck 

Vita Club 

Volksbank Salzburg 

Wecker Konstantin 

Westbound 

Wirtschaftskammer Salzburg 

Zoo Salzburg 

Canada 

AMREF-Canada 

489 College Street 

Suite 407 

Toronto, ON 

M6G IA5 

Tel: +1 (416) 961 6981 

Fax: +1 (416) 961 6984 

Email: 

amref.canada@amref.org 

Director 

John Paterson 

Chairman 

Alan Torrie 

Board members 

Catherine Herring 

Keith Thomson 

Peter Bennett 

Michael Bertouche 

Gordon Capern 

Chris Dawson 

Laurence Goldberg 

Scott Griffin 

Loretta Michaels 

John Nixon 

Donors 

401 Richmond Ltd 

AIM Funds Management Inc. 

Abbott Diagnostics 

Advance Precision Ltd 

Assante Capital Group Ltd 

B2B Trust 

Barrick Gold Corporation 

Bell Mobility 

Bennett, Peter 

Bertouche, Michael 

Bowen, Blane and Sally 

Bowne of Canada Ltd 

Butterfield & Robinson 

CIBC World Markets 

Cronin, Robert and Gayle 

DNJ Management 

Dataphile Software 

Deanna, Alceo 

Edward Boyce, Mr and Mrs J 

Ernst & Young 

Evans, Dr and Mrs John 

Evans, Gwynneth 

Fasken Martineau DuMoulin 

Griffin, Scott and Krystyne 

Harvest House Fine Furniture 

Herring, Catherine 

Kenneth Maclure and Patricia Lane 

Labatt, Arthur and Sonia 

Lyreco Office Products 

MDS Inc. 

MICA Management Resources 

McCain, Nancy 

Medtech Environmental 

Merit Travel Group Inc. 

Michaels, Loretta 

Morneau Sobeco 

Mosaic Venture Partners 

Naylor Group Inc. 

Nixon, Dr and Mrs John 

Osler, Hoskin & Harcourt 

Oxoid Inc. 

PML Microbiologicals Inc. 

Presidental Gourmet Corporation 

RBC Dominion Securities 

Rogers, John and Lynda 

Sussex Strategy Goup Inc. 

TAL Private Management 

Taylor, Edward 

The Haynes-Connell Foundation 

The Northpine Foundation 

Thomson, Keith and Tanja 

Torrie, Alan and Sue 

Tri Path 

VWR Canlab 

W Vern and Edie Howe 

Wotton, Dr Kay

Denmark 

Den Afrikanske Laegefond 

Gorrisen Federspiel Kierkegaard 

12 HC Andersens Boulevard 

DK-1553 

Copenhagen V 

Tel: +45 33 41 41 41 

Fax: +45 33 41 41 28 

Email: 

tf@gfklaw.dk 

Director 

Dr Thomas Federspiel 

France 

AMREF Médecins Volants 

21 Rue Cassette 

75006 Paris 

Tel: +33 06 62 57 94 58 

Email: 

tzarina@club-internet.fr 

Director 

Zarina de Bagneux 

Chairman 

François Gautheron 

Board members 

Alain Lemaire 

(president d’honneur) 

François Lugol 

Nicolas de Sancy 

Gilles de bagneux 

Valérie Perree 

Donors 

Agence de Bassin Seine Normandie 

Mairie de Schweighouse 

Tourism For Development 

Germany 

AMREF Gesellschaft fuer 

Medizin und Forschung 

in Afrika e.V. 

inc Flying Doctors Service 

Mauerkircher Str. 155 

D-81925 

München 

Tel: +49 89 98 11 29 

Fax: +49 89 98 11 89 

Email: 

info@AMREFgermany.de 

Director 

Leonore Semler 

Chairman 

Leonore Semler 

Board Members 

Dr Goswin von Mallinckrodt 

(Vice Chairman) 

Dr Clemens von Arnim 

Andreas Graf Dönhoff 

Prof. Dr Volker Klauss 

Dr Hans Werner Mundt 

Dr Thomas Oursin 

Dr Wilhelm von Trott zu Solz 

Dr Johannes Zahn 

Dr Ulrich Laukamm-Josten 

(Project Consultant) 

Donors 

Barmherzigkeit e.V. 

Brot für die Welt, Stuttgart 

Centrum für Internationale Migration und 

Entwicklung CIM, Frankfurt 

Deutsche Stiftung Weltbevölkerung DSW, Hanover 

Deutsches Aussätzigen Hilfswerk DAHW, Würzburg 

European Union 

Evangelische Zentralstelle für Entwicklungshilfe EZE, 

Bonn 

GSP Health Systems Consultants 

Gesundheitshilfe Dritte Welt – German Pharma 

Health Fund e.V., Frankfurt 

Institut für Gemeinwohl 

Kindermissionswerk, Aachen 

Kindernothilfe KNH, Duisburg 

Korff-Stiftung 

Malteser 

Misereor, Aachen 

Stiftung Mittelsten Scheid 

Stiftung Überseehilfswerk 

Touristik Union International TUI, Hannover 

Van Meeteren Stiftung 

29

30 

Italy 

AMREF-Italia 

Fondazione per la Medicina 

e la Ricerca 

Via Luigi Settembrini 30 

Roma 00195 

Tel: +39 06 320 22 22 

Fax: +39 06 320 22 27 

Email: 

info@amref.it 

Milan office 

Amref Eventi 

Via Domenico Cirillo 14 

Milano 20154 

Tel/Fax: +39 02 345 19 40 

Email: 

milano@amref.it 

Director 

Thomas Simmons 

Chairman 

Ilaria Borletti 

Board members 

Susanna Agnelli 

(Honorary Chairman) 

Andrea Ripa di Meana 

(Deputy Chairman) 

Luisa Pistoia 

(Deputy Chairman) 

Maurizio de Romedis 

Daniela Ghisalberti 

Carla Meregaglia 

Luciana Di Leo 

Marinella De Paoli 

Franco Buitoni 

Mimma Novelli 

Donors Monaco 

Accorsi, Mario and Antonella 

Annibale Brivio Sforza 

Atkinsons 

Atm 

Banca Cortal 

Barbieri, Michele 

Cappplast 

Casales, Silvia 

Centro Fiordalisi 

Cesare Cusan 

Cesi 

Crai 

Cral Scaf 

De Landro Gaetano 

Edipro 

Effetti 

Erga 

Eurelettronica 

Euros Consulting 

Eventi Editoriali 

Gestione Elettroni 

Giacomo Vasaturo 

Grimaldi 

Hedera Natur 

Ic.Doc 

Ifigest 

Inaz Paghe 

Inteco 

Kiwanis Italia 

Lumberjack 

Maglione, Nicola 

Meg 

Nazionale Artisti TV 

Nt2 Nuove Tecnologie 

Ogilvy&Mather 

Paravia Bruno Mondadori 

Pellegrino Testa 

Photographics 

Professional Relo 

Regi International 

Ristorante La Rosetta 

Schlumberger Italiana 

Societa' Italiana Archivi 

Software Design 

Springconsulting 

Step 

Stora Enso Italia 

Studio Biesse 

Studio Legale Ughi e Nunziante 

Tecnomedia 

Tessilform 

Trader Plaza 

Transvol 

Vega 

Viking Office Products 

Vt Telematica 

Welcome Travel Point 

AMREF-Monaco 

Galerie Princesse Stephanie 8 

Ave des Papalins 

98000 Monaco 

Tel: +377 97 77 08 08 

Email: 

amrefmonaco@monaco377.com 

Chairman 

Anne Wattebled 

Board members 

Dr Robert Scarlot 

Alain Leclercq 

Dominique Mathé 

Dr Christian Calmes 

Kate Lanier-Griffith 

Netherlands 

Stichting AMREF-Nederland 

Stevensbloem 269 

2331 JD Leiden 

Tel: +31 71 576 9476 

Fax: +31 71 576 3777 

Email: 

mail@amref.nl 

Director 

Constance van Haeften 

Chairman 

JJ Tuyt 

Board members 

FF Otten 

Dr Chr. WL de Bouter 

WJ Tiggeler 

MPJH van Doorne 

CH van Haeften (Mrs) 

JF Holsteijn 

Dr AAW Peters 

Donors 

Barclays Bank 

Lions Club 

Societe Monégasque Soletanche 

Tamoil 

4500 individual private donors and foundations 

DANKA Nederland 

ELMEC 

Foundation Anton Jurgens 

Foundation Trein 

HABO Printing & Publishing 

Jambo Safari Travel Agency 

More Communication & Marketing 

NCDO 

National Postcode Lotery, The 

Rotary Haarzuilen-de Meern 

Rotary Velsen 

Water Company WMD

Spain 

Fundación AMREF España 

Av. Pío XII 

57 Portal D. Bajo izda 

28016 Madrid 

Tel: +34 91 343 02 11 

Fax: +34 91 345 04 13 

Email: 

amref@fundacionamref.org 

Director 

Rafael Ruiz Llach 

Chairman 

Alfonso Villalonga Navarro 

Board members 

Ingrid Acebal Neu 

Cesar Albiñana Cilvetti 

Rafael Ansón Oliart 

Arturo Baldasano 

Supervielle 

Bartolomé Beltrán Pons 

Alberto Cortina de Alcocer 

Francisco Gaya González 

Javier Gimeno de Priede 

Rafael Mateu de Ros 

Jorge Planas Ribo 

Pedro Pérez Fernández de la 

Puente 

Alfonso Ruiz de Assin 

Donors 

Agencia Española de Cooperación (AECI) 

AMPER 

Atento 

Ayuntamiento de Alcorcon 

Ayuntamiento de Madrid 

Ayuntamiento Majadahonda 

Ayuntamiento de Sevilla 

Ayuntamiento de Zaragoza 

British Airways 

Carat 

Comunidad de Madrid 

D’Arcy, Masius, Benton & Bowles 

Fundación Ramón Areces 

Fundacion Tabacalera 

Gallo Gaztelu 

Generalitat Valenciana 

Globo Media 

Govern de les Illes Balears 

Grafinter 

Grupo Solución 

IMES 

Indra 

Immobiliaria Meridional 

Junta de Comunidades de Castilla la Mancha 

Junta de Castilla y León 

Lenzi 

Novolent 

Obra Social Caja Madrid 

Quiero TV 

Repsol 

Ruiz Nicoli 

Telefónica 

Telemarketing Solidarity S.L. 

Unión Fenosa 

Universidad de Granada 

Vision Fast 

Sweden 

AMREF-Sweden 

Karlavagen 91 

S-115 22 Stockholm 

Tel: +46 8 662 09 10 

Fax: +46 8 667 44 94 

Email: 

amref@telia.com 

Chairman 

Helena Bonnier 

Board members 

Kersti Adams-Ray 

Vera Ax:son Johnson 

Lottie Bysell 

Monica Ellwyn 

Lars Engström 

Donors 

Confederation of Swedish Churches 

Order of St John 

Swedish International Development Cooporation (Sida) 

The IBM staff association 

31

32 

United Kingdom 

AMREF-UK 

4 Grosvenor Place 

London SW1X 7HJ 

Tel: +44 (0)20 7201 6070 

Fax: +44 (0)20 7201 6170 

Email: 

amref.uk@amref.org 

Director 

Alexander Héroys 

Patron 

HRH The Prince of Wales 

Chairman 

Alistair Boyd CMG 

Board members 

Anne Allport 

Rennie Barnes 

Jonathon Beacon FRCS 

Susan Calveley 

Rt Hon. Baroness Chalker of 

Wallasey PC 

Rt Hon. Dame Elizabeth 

Butler-Sloss DBE 

Daryll Cooke 

Rt Hon. Lord Deedes KBE 

MC, PC, DL 

John Edwards CMG 


Joel Kibazo 

Roger Phillimore 

Peter Pratt 

Primrose Stobbs 

Peter Thwaite 

Bowen Wells 

Chris Winnington-Ingram 

Dr Paul Zuckerman 

Donors 

Aidlink 

Barnes, DG 

Brewer, David K 

Burton, Arnold 

Charities Advisory Trust 

Charter plc 

Comic Relief 

Community Fund 

Department for International Development 

Direct Relief International 

Elton John AIDS Foundation 

Ferguson Charitable Trust 

Fuller, AV 

GlaxoSmithKline 

Hart, K 

Hedley Foundation Ltd 

Hilden Charitable Trust 

Homeway Medical 

Isle of Man Government 

King's School Gutersloh 

Lethbridge, Christopher 

Lonmin Plc 

Norton Rose 

Peter Storrs Trust 

Redvers, Mr and Mrs David 

Rhodes, A 

Rowan Charitable Trust 

Scottish African Safari Park Ltd 

Sharegift 

Sharman, Michael - Legacy 

Shell Aviation 

Shell International Ltd 

Stephen Clark 1965 Charitable Trust 

The Ernest Kleinwort Charitable Trust 

The John Ellerman Foundation 

The Lord Deedes of Aldington Ch. Trust 

The Maurice Laing Foundation 

The Mercers' Company 

The Reuters Foundation 

The Tubney Charitable Trust 

UBS Warburg 

Wells, David M 

William A Cadbury Charitable Trust 

Wolfson College 

Wood, MF - Legacy 

World Wide People for People 

USA 

AMREF-USA Inc. 

19 West 44th St. 

Room 710 

New York 

NY 10063 

Tel: +1 212 768 2440 

Fax: +1 212 768 4230 

Email: 

amrefusa@amrefusa.org 

Director 

Lisa Meadowcroft 

Chairman 

Charles HF Garner 

Board members 

Ned W Bandler 

Bruce Bodner 

Amy Bookman 

Nancy J Hutson, PhD 

Robert WC Lilley 

Thomas D Rees MD (Founder) 

Lisa Meadowcroft 

Dr Michael Smalley 

Donors 

All Ivy Tutors 

American Schools and Hospitals Abroad (USAID) 

Anonymous benefactor 

Bailey, Thomas H 

Bandler, Jr. Ned W 

Bernhard, William L 

Bodner, Bruce 

Bookman, Amy 

Bronfman, Matthew and Liza Belzberg 

CORE Group 

Carson, John W 

Cassard, Karen 

Centres for Disease Control and Prevention 

Chase, Chevy 

Columbia University 

Conrad N Hilton Foundation 

Datex Inc. 

Fairchild, Robert F 

Findlay, Donald R 

Flanigan, Peter 

Flicker, Ted 

Ford Foundation 

Futures Group International 

Garner, Charles HF 

Goldstein, Peter S 

Grusin, David 

Guise, JI 

Handleman Foundation, The Joseph and Sally 

Hecht, Michael 

Helen & William Mazer Foundation 

Hutson, Ph.D., Nancy J 

IDT Charitable Foundation 

Independent Project Analysis, Inc. 

International Service Agencies 

JHPIEGO Corporation 

Joseph L Mailman School of Public Health 

Joseph, William K 

Kelley, Thomas J 

Keunen, Hugo F 

Lilley, Robert WC 

Martell Kaliski Trust 

Mary Knoll Mission 

Maynard, John 

McAfee Foundation 

Moffett, James R 

New Horizon Foundation 

New York City Transit Authority 

Newman’s Own 

Pfizer Inc 

Quealy, Thomas M 

Rees, M.D., Thomas D 

Rice, Donald S 

Rockefeller Foundation 

Rogers, Blair O 

Rothman, Mark 

Salomon, William R 

San Francisco Bay to Breakers Foundation 

Shapiro, Neil 

Shultz, Barclay 

Smile Train 

Stanley, Theodore 

Stophel, Steven A 

Sutton, Kelso F 

Tides Foundation 

US Agency for International Development (USAID) 

University Research Co., LLC 

Uys, Michael A 

Walls, Jon Courtney 

Wesely, Marissa C 

William & Flora Hewlett Foundation 

Windom, Barbara

Director General’s Office 

AMREF Senior staff, October 2001 to September 2002 

Mudeshi, Margaret PA to Director General 

Nordberg, Dr Erik Acting Director General — November 2001 to January 2002 (deceased) 

Smalley, Dr Michael E Director General — Joined AMREF July 2002 

Programme Directorate 

Loolpapit, Dr Mores P Programme Development Officer 

Ngatia, Dr Peter Muchiri Director of Programmes (Acting Director General January – July 2002) — from October 2001 

Noel, Tom National Offices Liaison Manager 

Omurwa, Tom Mageka Programme Monitoring and Evaluation Officer 

International Training and Development 

Elliott, Lynne Director, International Training and Development 

Ireri, Jane Regional Library Manager 

Mwamisi, Joseph Musyoka International Training Coordinator/Project Manager, Clinical Officers Training School, Maridi – Sudan 

Mworia, Kalimi International Training Coordinator 

Ndavu, Eva Editor 

Nduba, Stephanie International Training Coordinator 

Nyagero, Josephat International Training Coordinator (Research) — from March 2002 

Olupot, Charles Clinical Officer/Tutor, Clinical Officers Training School, Maridi - Sudan 

Olyaro, Doris Musavi Nurse/Midwife, Clinical Officers Training School, Maridi - Sudan 

AMREF Ethiopia 

Hein, Dr Roma Country Representative — to July 2002 

Negussie Yitbarek Project Coordinator 

Nduba, Dr John Country Representative — from July 2002 

Zalalem Kebede Project Accountant 

AMREF Kenya 

Kashangaki, Patricia Human Resources Manager 

Katule, James Finance Planner 

Kedenge, Allan Project Accountant 

Kjaer, Mette Country Director 

Meena, Henry Harris Computer Services Manager 

Mwangi, Naomi Project Accountant 

Mwichuli, Sylvia Mudasia Communications and Fundraising Manager — to August 2002 

Nduba, Dr John Deputy Country Director — to June 2002 

Ngahu, Joseph Project Accountant 

33

34 

Odera, Pamela Auma Finance Manager 

Radak, Dennis O Administration Manager 

Were, William Project Accountant Project 

Project/Programme Managers 

Asindua, Shaya Ibrahim Zonal Coordinator, Eastern/ Coastal – Project Manager Makueni Community Based Rehabilitation 

Biteyi, Robina Zonal Coordinator, Nairobi/ Central – Project Manager HIV/AIDS Prevention 

Carter, Dr Jane Programme Manager, Clinical Laboratory 

Chiguzo, Athumani N Project Manager, Employer Based Malaria Control — to July 2002 

Dikir, Francis Project Officer, Community Based Health Care – Entasopia 

Gathuka, Shirley Project Officer, HIV/AIDS – Thika 

Ikiara, Joyce Project Manager, Community Based Health Care 

Ilako, Dr Festus Mwetu Programme Manager, Clinical Outreach 

Kilobia, Susan Project Manager, Applied Nutrition - Makueni 

Lema, Orgenes Project Manager, Clinical Laboratory 

Long, Dr Marlene Programme Officer – Specialist, Clinical Surgical Outreach 

Lugayu, Denge Project Manager, Water and Sanitation Project – Kitui 

Mabonga, Peter Project Manager, Kajiado Shallow Wells 

Makau, David Project Officer, HIV/AIDS Prevention – Nakuru 

Makuno, John Muiruri Project Manager, Child Care Project – Dagoretti 

Mohammed, Almas Project Manager, Book Distribution Unit 

Mwangala, Zedekiah Sakwa Project Manager, Early Childhood Development – Kitale — to March 2002 

Mwangi, Susan W Project Manager, Disaster and Bomb Unit 

Mwiti, Margaret Project Manager, Primary Health Care Project – Kaloleni 

Namisi, Francis Sande Project Manager, Personal Hygiene and Sanitation Education /Health Education Network 

Ngari, Margaret Project Manager, Community Based Health Care – Turkana — to September 2002 

Ngugi, Hezron Zonal Coordinator, Western - Project Manager Bungoma District Malaria Initiative 

Njagu, James Programme Officer 

Nyagero, Josephat Project Manager, Nyamira — to October, 2001 

Okatch, Dr Emmanuel Odhiambo Project Manager, HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care – Kisumu 

Ongayo, Samuel Programme Officer 

Oswago, Gideon O Project Officer, Community Based Health Care – Homabay 

Rajula, Rysper Project Manager, Community Based Health Care – Kibera 

Wachira, Dr John Programme Officer – Specialist, Clinical Surgical Outreach 

Zehyle, Eberhard Project Manager, Hydatid Control 

AMREF Mozambique 

Khadyale, Martinho Administrative Officer/Accountant — to September 2002 

Leifert, Dr Thelma Nery Santos Country Representative — Joined AMREF January 2002 

Nkurlu, Susan Secretary/Office Manager — to September 2002 

Owuor-Omondi, Dr Lucas Acting Country Representative Senior Programme Officer — to January 2002

AMREF South Africa 

Dartnall, Elizabeth Senior Programme Officer 

Groepe, Mary-Anne Project Manager, Malaria - Kwa Zulu Natal — Joined AMREF April 2002 

Jaffe, Dr Alan Project Manager, Water and Sanitation – Kwa Zulu Natal 

Languza, Nonceba Project Manager, Vulnerable Children/HIV/AIDS – Mpumalanga 

Ledwaba, Paul Accountant 

Likalimba, Bernard Project Manager, Water and Sanitation – Eastern Cape 

Pitt, Blanche Country Director 

AMREF Tanzania 

Bukenya, Dr Daraus Country Director 

Gavyole, Dr Awene Programme Coordinator, Administration 

Kabole, Dr Fatuma Advocacy, Monitoring and Evaluation Officer 

Kilewela, Andrew Financial Administrator, Finance 

Kithama, Joseph Communications Manager — to July 2002 

Mamdani, Masuma Senior Programme Development Officer 

Msolla, Hamza S Human Resources Manager 

Pieroth, Dr Vera Programme Coordinator 

Plotkin, Marya Monitoring and Evaluation Officer — to August 2002 

Thobias, Delilah Project Accountant, Finance 


Clift, Dr Simon Project Manager, Kahama Mines Project — to July 2002 

DiCarlo, Meghan Callahan Programme Manager, Kahama Mines Project – Temeke 

Gina, Dr Gina ka Project Manager, Sexually Transmitted Infections Control Prgramme – Morogoro and Arusha 

Jaffer, Abdaller Project Officer, Work Place HIV/AIDS Project 

Kabole, Dr Ibrahim Project Manager, Sexually Transmitted Disease Tools Project 

Kanga, George Project Manager, Bunda Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health Project 

Kisesa, Dr Annefrida Project Manager, Voluntary Counseling and Testing Project 

Komwihangiro, Dr Joseph Project Officer, Child Survival - Mkuranga 

Lolepo, Babu Project Manager, Mkuranga Water and Sanitation Project 

Macheku, Michael Project Officer, Life Skills Project 

Matasha, Edna Project Manager, Jijenge Project 

Matiko, Dr Eva Project Officer, Geita Mines Project 

Mdetele, Josephine K Project Manager, Care and Support Project – Iringa 

Mugetta, Vedastus Project Manager, Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Management Project 

Mwijarubi, Dr Ezra Project Manager, Great Lakes HIV/AIDS Initiative 

Ndenzako, Dr Fabian Project Manager, Work Place HIV/AIDS Project 

Raasen, Dr Thomas Health Specialist, Obstetric Fistula Interventions 

Tesha, Fredrica James Grants Manager, Serengeti 

Thoya, Jackson Project Manager, Serengeti Project 

35

36 

AMREF Uganda 

Ekochu, George Finance Manager 

Gitta, Kenneth Information Technology Officer — to August 2002 

Kagimba, Margaret Human Resource/Administration Manager 

Kagoro, Gilbert Accountant 

Kagumba, Margaret Finance and Administration Officer — to August 2002 

Mukunya, Jane PA to Country Director — to May 2002 

Ngatia, Dr Peter Country Director — to October 2001 

Oketcho, Dr Vincent Country Director — from April 2002 

Oriokot, Dr Francis O Senior Programme Officer 


Agondua, Joseph Programme Manager, Health Personnel Training 

Akwankasta, Dorothy Programme Manager, Water and Sanitation – Rukungiri 

Ario, Dr Alex Programme Manager, District Health Assistance 

Bigirimana, Zachary Programme Officer, Western Zone — to March 2002 

Bukenya, Dr Margaret Musoke Programme Manager, Nutrition and Early Childhood Development - Eastern Zone 

Bukombi, Shem Programme Manager, Nutrition and Early Childhood Development - Bundibugyo — to April 2002 

Byamukama, Michael Programme Manager, School Health Programme 

Edimu, Francis Programme Manager, Nutrition and Early Childhood Development - Kotito 

Igune, Dr Michael Programme Manager, Primary Health Care Training — Joined AMREF July 2002 

Kabatende, Ann Marie Programme Manager, Rwanda 

Kintu, Joyce Programme Manager, Community Sex Workers 

Munaaba, Dr Elliot Programme Officer, Northern zone 

Munafu, Charles Programme Manager, Laboratory Training 

Nabebezi, Dr Juma Programme Officer, Central Zone 

Nabiryo, Dr Christine Programme Manager, District Health Assistance — to March 2002 

Namale, Dr Gertrude Programme Manager, Malaria Control — to September 2002 

Nyangure, Jane Programme Manager, AIDS Orphans 

Padde, Stephen Oboth Programme Manager, Nutrition and Early Childhood Development - Bundibugyo — Joined AMREF April 2002 

Tusiime, Bernard Project Manager, Health Education — Joined AMREF April 2002 

Walude, Mwatalib Manager/Coordinator, Water and Sanitation Programme 

Aviation and Emergency Services 

Combes , Glenton Pilot 

Heather-Hayes, Jim Manager, Aviation Division 

Heza, Juliette Senior Flight Nurse 

Mutava, David Chief Aviation Engineer 

Mutia, Wainaina Aircraft Engineer 

Tallot, Gregoire Pilot 

Vadera, Dr Bettina Emergency Services Manager 

Wangermez, Benoit Chief Pilot

Corporate Services 

Communications and Fundraising 

Kwanya, Tom Webmaster 

Maksud, Nancy Acting Fundraising and Communications Manager — from August 2002 

Mbugua, Isabel Acting Director, Communications and Fundraising 

Finance and Administration 

Blundell-Brown, Nicola Training Centre Coordinator 

Kangethe, Peter Project Accountant 

Mabuka, Andrew Project Accountant 

Njoroge, Wanjiku Lucy Administration Officer 

Thyagarajan, V S Director, Finance and Administration 

White, Dennis Financial Controller 

Human Resources 

Kemoli-Mwebesa, Fiona International Human Resources Manager — to September 2002 

Information Technology 

Matuku, Willie Manager, Information Technology 

Internal Audit 

Mawioo, Leonard Manager, Internal Audit 

Thambu, Nashon Internal Auditor 

37

AMREF 

would like to thank 

the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), 

the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the 

Hewlett Foundation for continuing to provide invaluable help 

through their generous unrestricted funding, 

their enthusiastic interest in AMREF activities 

and their unflagging moral support. 

AMREF also thanks all who have supported its projects 

and have shown strong support for the Foundation 

and the disadvantaged people of Africa. 

These supporters are listed on 

pages 27-32 of this annual report.

African Medical and Research Foundation 

AMREF 

Headquarters: 

PO Box 00506 - 27691 

Nairobi, Kenya 

Telephone: (+254 2) 605220 

Main Fax: (+254 2) 609518 

Fundraising/Communications Fax: (+254 2) 606345 

Telex: 23254 AMREF 

Email: info@amrefhq.org 

www.amref.org

Annual Report - Amref

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