MonTec - UNDP Albania

MonTec 

Preliminary Environmental Assessment, Risk Assessment 

and Preparation of Bidding Documents and 

Action Plan for Repackaging and Temporary Store of 

Hazardous Chemicals - Bajza Hot-Spot 

Preliminary Environmental Assessment, 

Risk Assessment and 

Action Plan 

Prepared for UNDP Albania 

Rr. Deshmoret e 4 shkurtit 

Villa 35 

Tirana 

Albania 

30 November 2008 

Prepared by MonTec GmbH 

Ruhrorter Str. 187 

47119 Duisburg 

Germany 

Tel.: +49 203 482798 91 

Fax: +49 203 482798 71 

e-Mail: info@montecgmbh.eu

MonTec 

report author date reviewed by date forwarded to date 

Site Assessment Linder 17.10.2008 Skark 20.10.2008 Linder 22.10.2008 

Linder 22.10.2008 Nolte, Vels 23.10.2008 UNDP Albania 23.10.2008 

UNDP 29.10.2008 

Linder/Skark 14.11.2008 Nolte, Vels 20.11.2008 UNDP Albania 30.11.2008

Albania: Services for Environmental Consultancy - Bajza Hot-Spot MonTec 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

0 ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................1 

0.1 Inside the Storehouse .....................................................................................................1 

0.2 Outside the Storehouse...................................................................................................1 

0.3 Action ..............................................................................................................................2 

1 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES ...........................................................................................3 

2 INVESTIGATION TIMETABLE AND DOCUMENTS DELIVERED ................................4 

3 BAJZA SITE ...................................................................................................................4 

3.1 Geography.......................................................................................................................5 

3.2 Climate ............................................................................................................................6 

3.2.1 Temperature....................................................................................................................6 

3.2.2 Precipitation.....................................................................................................................6 

3.2.3 Wind patterns ..................................................................................................................8 

3.3 Hydrology ........................................................................................................................8 

3.4 Geology ...........................................................................................................................9 

3.5 Hydrogeology ................................................................................................................13 

3.5.1 Karst aquifer ..................................................................................................................16 

3.5.2 Porous aquifer ...............................................................................................................24 

3.5.3 Hydrogeological conditions of the Bajza station............................................................26 

3.6 Socio-Economy and Population ....................................................................................27 

3.6.1 Population .....................................................................................................................27 

3.6.2 Economy .......................................................................................................................27 

3.7 Policies and Legislation.................................................................................................28 

4 SITE INVESTIGATON ..................................................................................................30 

4.1 Kick-off Meeting and first site investigation ...................................................................30 

4.2 Investigation on-site ......................................................................................................30 

4.2.1 Outside the Bajza station ..............................................................................................32 

4.2.2 Inside the Bajza station .................................................................................................33 

4.3 Sampling .......................................................................................................................41 

4.3.1 Samples in Storehouse 2 ..............................................................................................42 

4.3.2 Solid samples from outside the Storehouses ................................................................47 

4.3.3 Water sampling .............................................................................................................50 

4.4 Estimation of quantities .................................................................................................50 

I


5 ANALYSES...................................................................................................................51 

5.1 Analysis of samples.......................................................................................................51 

5.1.1 Analysis of samples from Room 3.................................................................................51 

5.1.2 Analysis of the dust samples S1 and S2 .......................................................................52 

5.1.3 Analysis of the samples B1 and B2 from the abandoned railway tracks.......................52 

5.1.4 Analysis of the soil samples B3 and B4.........................................................................52 

5.1.5 Analysis of water ...........................................................................................................52 

5.2 Performance of chemical and microbiological analyses................................................52 

5.3 Results of chemical and microbiological analyses ........................................................54 

5.3.1 Results for the leather sample (L) .................................................................................54 

5.3.2 Results for the stored material (M1 and M2) in Room 3 in Storehouse 2......................55 

5.3.3 Results for the dust/debris samples (S1 and S2) in Storehouse 2................................57 

5.3.4 Results for the samples around the abandoned railway wagons (B1 and B2)..............58 

5.3.5 Results for the soil samples (B3 and B4) ......................................................................59 

5.3.6 Results for the water sample of Sheganit spring (SiS)..................................................60 

6 CONCLUSIONS AND RISKS .......................................................................................61 

6.1 Inside the Storehouse ...................................................................................................61 

6.2 Outside the Storehouse.................................................................................................63 

6.3 General conclusions......................................................................................................64 

7 ACTION PLAN..............................................................................................................64 

8 LITERATURE................................................................................................................65 

LIST OF FIGURES 

Figure 1: Location of Bajza Railway ..................................................................................... 5 

Figure 2: Topography of Bajza area (from the topographic map scale 1:25,000) ................ 7 

Figure 3: Geology of Bajza area (from the topographic map scale 1:25,000).................... 10 

Figure 4: Stratified Upper Jurassic limestone of Haxhajt Hill; on the top of the hill is 

situated the water supply reservoir of Bajza ....................................................... 11 

Figure 5: Thick bedded Low Cretaceous limestone in the Shkodra Lake shore side......... 11 

Figure 6: Gravel and conglomerate deposits along the bed of Përroi i Thatë Stream ....... 12 

Figure 7: The stony karst plain of Bajza filled by “terra rossa” and silty clay layer 

which is cultivated ............................................................................................... 13 

Figure 8: Hydrogeological Map (Original scale 1 : 10,000) with the lines of the cross 

sections............................................................................................................... 14 

II


Figure 9: Hydrogeological cross sections........................................................................... 15 

Figure 10: Plan of Syri i Sheganit karst spring and of surrounding spring issues 

(Google Earth)..................................................................................................... 17 

Figure 11: Hydrogeological cross section from Syri i Sheganit Spring to Urdhana 

Lakes 1 and 2...................................................................................................... 18 

Figure 12: Karst lake “Urdhana e Sheganit 1” (the smaller lake) ......................................... 19 

Figure 13: Karst lake “Urdhana e Sheganit 2” (the big lake) ................................................ 19 

Figure 14: Syri i Sheganit karst spring ................................................................................. 20 

Figure 15: Syri i Zi karst spring............................................................................................. 22 

Figure 16: In dug well nr 2 in limestone several individual pumps are installed.................. 23 

Figure 17: Measuring the groundwater level in borehole nr 4 .............................................. 25 

Figure 18: The top of dug well nr 5 is sculptured by the backed rope.................................. 26 

Figure 19: Overview Bajza Station ....................................................................................... 31 

Figure 20: Assumed groundwater downstream area of the site........................................... 32 

Figure 21: Groundwater sample at Syri i Sheganit karstic well ............................................ 33 

Figure 22: Overview of the storehouses and railway tracks................................................. 35 

Figure 23: Storehouse 1, view south.................................................................................... 36 

Figure 24: Storehouse 1, Room 1, view south ..................................................................... 36 



Figure 27: Storehouse 2, view south.................................................................................... 38 

Figure 28: Storehouse 2, Room 1, view east ....................................................................... 38 



Figure 31: Railway Track 3, view north ................................................................................ 40 

Figure 32: Railway Track 4, view south................................................................................ 40 

Figure 33: Overview of the sampling locations..................................................................... 41 

Figure 34: Overview of Storehouse 2, Room 3 .................................................................... 43 

Figure 35: Leather rags in Storehouse 2, Room 3 ............................................................... 44 

Figure 36: Leather rags in Storehouse 2, Room 3 ............................................................... 44 

Figure 37: White and grey powder in Storehouse 2, Room 3 .............................................. 45 

Figure 38: Labelled bags in Storehouse 2, Room 3 ............................................................. 46 

Figure 39: Dust and debris sampling in Storehouse 2, Room 2........................................... 47 

Figure 40: Overview of the sample locations outside the Storehouses................................ 48 

III


Figure 41: Material in a wagon ............................................................................................. 49 

Figure 42: Soil sampling at the railway tracks ...................................................................... 50 

Figure 43: Element composition according to the results of XRF analysis .......................... 57 

LIST OF TABLES 

Table 1: Mean monthly temperature, T in °C, and mean monthly precipitation, P in 

mm, for the Climate Station of Shkodra; (Observation period 1931-1985) ........... 8 

Table 2: Some data about small karst lakes of Bajza area ............................................... 20 

Table 3: Analyses of water from Syri i Sheganit ............................................................... 22 

Table 4: Overview of sampled material and subsequent chemical analysis ..................... 51 

Table 5: Results of the analysis for total organic carbon (TOC) and extractable 

organic bound halogens (EOX)........................................................................... 55 

Table 6: Results of the XRF analysis ................................................................................ 56 

Table 7: Identified organic compounds in the GC-MS screening...................................... 58 

Table 8: Analysis of water from Syri i Sheganit (sampling 01.09.2008)............................ 60 

ANNEXES 

1 List of samples and tests 

2 List of results for each sample 

3 List of presumable pesticides in the "pesticide train" 

4 Terms of References for the Bidding Documents for the repackaging of the chemical 

waste in the storehouse 

IV


ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 

°C temperature in degrees Celsius 

AOX adsorbable organic halogens (water) 

asl above mean sea level 

b.d. below limit of detection 

bgs below the ground surface 

CAS chemical abstracts service (registry numbers) 

CIS cold injection system 

cm centimeter 

d day 

DBP di-butyl-phthalate 

DDP di-dodecyl-phthalate 

DEHP di-ethylhexyl-phthalate 

DEP di-ethyl-phthalate 

DOC dissolved organic carbon 

EC electric conductivity 

EOX extractable organic halogens (solids) 

GC-MS gas chromatography with mass-selective detection 

HC hydrocarbons 

HM heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn) 

kg kilogram 

km kilometer 

l liter 

m meter 

m³ cubic meter 

mg milligram 

ml milliliter 

mm millimeter 

n.a. not analyzed 

PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 

s second 

SME small and medium sized enterprises 

SPE solid phase extraction 

t ton (Mg) 

TOC total organic carbon 

XRF X-ray fluorescence 

V


0 ABSTRACT 

Bajza is the last railway station in Albania before the frontier with Montenegro. During 1991 - 

1992 hazardous chemical waste (old pesticides) has been exported to Albania by train. Some of 

the load was discharged at the platforms and it was assumed that it is still stored at Bajza station. 

It was assumed that beside the contamination within the storage buildings of the Bajza 

station on-site a contamination of the surrounding soil and groundwater is likely too. 

That poses a variety of health risks to human and various impacts to the environment. The purpose 

of this study is to provide the UNDP Albania with the necessary technical information that 

will be used for a Preliminary Environmental Assessment and the Terms of References for repackaging 

and temporary store of the hazardous chemicals at the station. 

The international services for environmental consultancy for the Bajza Hot-Spot were done by 

an experienced consulting team: 

� MonTec GmbH, Duisburg Germany main consultant 

� IfW Institut für Wasserforschung, Schwerte Germany analyses 

� ITA Consult ltd. Consulting Engineers, Tirana Albania local hydrogeology. 

The field work and sampling took place in the beginning of September 2008. The chemical 

analyses are carried out in quality controlled laboratories in Germany. 

0.1 Inside the Storehouse 

There are two major storehouses at the Bajza Station. Both storehouses are empty and not 

used, besides chemicals and waste are stored in one room of the storehouses. The storehouses 

are in a poor condition, the roofs of the loading ramps are partially broken, the roof of 

the storehouse could be partially leaky. There is no information about the status of structures of 

the buildings. 

As a result of the preliminary site investigation, it can be stated that the main parts of the stored 

materials are leather waste, e.g. leather rags (shoes production) which are mainly stored loose 

but sometimes packed in plastic bags. Additionally on top of the leather waste a hazardous 

chemical material was dropped in front of the two open gates to the storehouse room. The mass 

of the leather waste is estimated to be approximately 200 t. The mass of the chemical material/waste 

can be seen as sodium hexafluoro silicate (Na2SiF6) and is estimated to be approximately 

80 t. Pesticides are not detected The occurrence of anthrax spores can be excluded as a 

result of a specific microbiological examination of a representative leather sample. 

In the next room with an open access gate to the room with hazardous waste, dust/debris can 

be found consisting of plaster rubbed off the walls and trickled roof material, remnants of stored 

hazardous chemical substances and some organic material. The composition of the dust/debris 

is characterized by the occurrence of asbestos fibers which can be a potential hazard by inhalation. 

30 November 2008 page 1 of 66


Radioactive material or any remnants of this has not been detected in the storehouse and in the 

surrounding of that building. 

The Terms of References for the Bidding Documents for the repackaging of the chemical waste 

in the storehouse, dated 14.11.2008, cover the appropriate handling and protection of the staff 

during repackaging the waste and cleaning procedures of the rooms. With the measures described 

in the Terms of Reference, the today open stored hazardous waste in the storehouse 

will be safely treated for the final disposal. 

0.2 Outside the Storehouse 

Close to the Bajza Station storehouses and at the 2 railway tracks east of the storehouses hazardous 

material has not been detected so far except some leftovers of powder material in one 

railway wagon which contains at least remnants of the pesticide tetradifon. 

Neither the soil sampling nor the investigation of other conspicuous material gives any indication 

to an unacceptable pollution of the environment. 

The hydrogeological conditions of the area are characterized by karstic and coarse grained porous 

aquifers. Wells - natural karstic or artificial drilled ones - do not exist in the immediate vicinity 

of the Bajza Station. Investigation of groundwater quality relies on the karstic wells at the 

Shkodar Lake shore line (e.g. Syri i Sheganit). Until now the water sampling and analysis has 

not revealed any conspicuous result or any adverse impact of the Bajza site on the local 

groundwater in a greater distance. 

0.3 Action 

The following action is recommended: 

short term 

1. The open gates to the storehouses must be closed immediately. 

2. The repackaging of the hazardous materials inside the storehouse incl. the collecting 

of the loose residual pesticide material in the railway wagons should be 

started as soon as possible. 

long term 

3. A rehabilitation of the storehouses should be preceded by an investigation for hazardous 

construction material. 

4. Groundwater: A groundwater monitoring program can be recommended. 

5. Soil: An extended soil sampling and investigation program for the railway 

tracks can be recommended as a consequence of the groundwater monitoring and 

depending on its results. 



1 SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES 

Bajza is the last railway station in Albania before the frontier with Montenegro, so its acts as a 

customs control point. There is no passenger traffic, but two freight trains pass through daily 

with approximately 10,000 t of freight being handled each month. The station is located at the 

shore of trans-boundary Shkoder/Skader Lake - the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula that 

both Albania and Montenegro have officially designated as a cross-border protected area of 

Shkoder/Skader Lake together with Buna/Bojana River. In addition, with the designation of the 

Albanian part of the Shkoder Lake and Buna River as a Ramsar site the entire lake is now included 

in the Ramsar list. 

During 1991 - 1992 a German company Schmidt-Cretan exported hazardous chemical waste 

(old pesticides) to Albania by train. The hazardous waste could be shipped back, but some of 

the load was discharged at the platforms and/or is still stored at Bajza station. There are still 

chemicals/materials stored in one of the storehouses of the station and no record about the contents 

exists. 

It was assumed that beside the contamination within the storage buildings on-site a contamination 

of the surrounding soil and groundwater is likely too. 

That poses a variety of health risks to human and various impacts to the environment, e.g.: 

� Risks to human beings from toxic and carcinogenic substances, such as mercury, dioxins 

1 and organic contaminants, 

� Damages to the soil, due to leaking and emptying of the old drums and containers, 

� Damages to groundwater resources, due to diffuse contamination, 

� Damages to surface water resources, especially lakes and rivers, by contaminants from 

the groundwater, 

� Risks entailed by the clean-up activities themselves, e.g. additional release of contaminants. 

The purpose of this study is to provide the UNDP Albania with the necessary technical information 

that will be used for 

� Preliminary Environmental Assessment 

� Risk Assessment incl. Bidding Documents and Action Plan for repackaging and temporary 

store of hazardous chemicals 

at the railway station in Bajza. 

1 According to the UNDP analyses of dioxins are not necessary and not considered in the analyses pro- 

gramme. 



The international services for environmental consultancy for the Bajza Hot-Spot were done by 

an experienced consulting team: 

� MonTec GmbH, Duisburg Germany main consultant 

Mr. Linder 

� IfW Institut für Wasserforschung, Schwerte Germany analyses 

Mr. Skark 

� ITA Consult ltd. Consulting Engineers, Tirana Albania local hydrogeology 

Prof. Dr. Eftimi. 

This report represents the preliminary environmental assessment. 

2 INVESTIGATION TIMETABLE AND DOCUMENTS DELIVERED 

� Contract of the environmental consultancy services is dated 26.08.2008. 

� Kick-off meeting with the UNDP program manager Prof. Dr. Lirim Selfo 

in Tirana 

01.09.2008 

� First site and introduction to the director of the Bajza station, 

Mr. Valentin Popaj 01.09.2008 

� Investigation of the Bajza area and sampling of groundwater at wells 01.09.2008 

� Investigation of the Bajza station and sampling of waste and soil 02.09.2008 

� Hydrogeological Filed Trip 06.09.2008 

� Hydrogeological Filed Trip 15.09.2008 

� Inception Report of the project 16.09.2008 

� Interim Report of the project 29.09.2008 

� Terms of References for the Bidding Documents for the repackaging of 

the chemical waste in the storehouse (Draft) 06.10.2008 

� Preliminary Environmental Assessment (Draft) 23.10.2008 

� Terms of References for the Bidding Documents for the repackaging 

and final disposal of the chemical waste 14.11.2008 



3 BAJZA SITE 

3.1 Geography 

Bajza is the last railway station in Albania before the border to Montenegro, so it acts as a customs 

point. The station is located about 1 km west to the center of the village and about 3 km 

east to Shkodra (Skadar) Lake (see Figure 1). Administratively Bajza is part of Koplik Commune, 

one of five communes of Malesi e Madhe District. East to Bajza the North Albanian Alps 

are developed which represent one of most beautiful and in the same time one of most remote 

parts of Albania. 

� Bajza 

Figure 1: Location of Bajza Railway 



Bajza and the Railway Station are situated at an elevation of approx. 45 m above mean sea 

level (asl). West to the Station the Bajza karst plain is situated, which is separated adjacent the 

Shkodra Lake by some limestone hills with an elevation of 200 to 250 m asl. The field located 

east of the Station is filled with coarse material. It borders to Zagora high karst plateau situated 

at elevations between 400 and 500 m asl (see Figure 2). 

3.2 Climate 

Bajza area is situated in the North Mediterranean Hilly Climate Sub-Zone (IHM, 1984). It encompasses 

the North Albanian low mountain areas which elevation varies mostly from 200 to 

600 m asl. This sub-zone is characterized by relatively warm and wet winter and dry and hot 

summer. The following description of the climate elements is based on the data of the Shkodra 

climate station which is the nearest to Bajza. 

3.2.1 Temperature 

Winter in the region is relatively warm and the mean temperatures in January are about 5°C. 

The mean daily minimum temperature for January is about 1.1°C, and the absolute daily minimum 

temperature may fall below -10°C. The mean daily maximal January temperature is about 

8.4°C. During the summer the mean daily monthly temperatures vary about 25°C. The mean 

daily maximum temperature for June and August is about 31°C to 32°C, and the absolute daily 

maximum temperature may reach up to 40°C. The mean daily minimal temperature is about 

18°C to 19°C. 

Spring is fresh, with mean monthly temperature in the central spring months about 14°C. During 

the autumn the mean monthly temperature falls from about 21.4°C during September to about 

11.2°C during November. 

3.2.2 Precipitation 

The annual amount of the precipitation in the region for the period 1931-1965 in Shkodra is 

1,797 mm (IHM, 1984), but some mountainous areas receive over 3,000 mm. The very characteristic 

of the Albanian climate is the non-uniform distribution of the precipitation; most of which - 

about 70 % of yearly precipitations - falls during the period October - March, while during the 

summer months (June - August) usually fall less than 10 % of the yearly precipitations. In Table 

1 some averaged data about the air temperature and precipitation of Shkodra climate station 

are summarized. 



Figure 2: Topography of Bajza area (from the topographic map scale 1:25,000) 



Table 1: Mean monthly temperature, T in °C, and mean monthly precipitation, P in mm, for 

the Climate Station of Shkodra; (Observation period 1931-1985) 

Element I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII Average 

T °C 4.7 6.0 9.4 14.0 18.0 22.2 24.9 25.2 21.4 16.1 11.2 6.8 15.0 

P mm 210 179 158 127 113 56 33 45 132 248 235 261 1,797 

The quantity of snow varies within a wide range, but usually about 5 to 10 % of the winter precipitation 

is snow, while in the areas elevated higher than 1000 m the snow contributes about 

20 % of the winter precipitations. The maximum daily precipitation in the Shkodra is about 200 - 

240 mm. 

Storm events are characteristically for the climate of Albania. According to some data of 

Shkodra Meteorological Station the 15 minutes precipitation height reaches 30 to 40 mm, the 

30 minutes rainfall may reach up to 80 mm, while the rainfall for 1, 2 and 3 hours are registered 

to be respectively 120 mm, 152 mm and 161 mm (all data are referring to a repetition probability 

of one storm event during one year; n = 1). 

3.2.3 Wind patterns 

The region is characterized by good aeration conditions. According to the observations made by 

the Tirana Institute of Hydrometeorology, the prevailing winds in Shkodra are east and southeast 

winds over all round the year. The mean monthly wind speeds are about 2.0 m/s in 

Shkodra and the biggest wind speeds registered in Shkodra are about 35 to 40 m/s. There are 

15 types of winds, which are known in Shkodra lake basin, Murlan and Shiroka are the most 

important. 

3.3 Hydrology 

The most important hydrological element of the area is Shkodra Lake, which is the largest on 

the Balkan Peninsula. The lake area varies between 353 km 2 at a minimum lake level of 4.6 m 

asl and 500 km 2 at a maximum lake level of 9.8 m. 

The most important tributaries of Lake Shkodra enter the lake from the north in Montenegro 

territory: Mora�a, Crnojevi�a, Orahovistica, Karaturana and Baragurska River; only Rjoli and 

Vraka River are in Albanian Territory. Precipitation on the lake, groundwater of alluvial aquifer 

and karst springs contribute also to the inflow. Bajza area is a transmission territory for the intensive 

inflow to Shkodra Lake, both from the coarse alluvial-proluvial deposits and from the 

carbonate rocks often as big karst springs. 

The main surface stream of Koplik area is Përroi i Thatë stream which is mostly dry interrupted 

by short periods of very high discharges during heavy rains. The stream flows on coarse allu- 



vial-proluvial deposits which consist mostly out of gravel and conglomerate. According to “Hydrology 

of Albania” (1984) the calculated average maximal flow of Përroi i Thatë stream is 

135 m 3 /s and the mean discharge ratio in the Përroi i Thatë - Koplik area ranges between 50 to 

55 l/(s*km 2 ) which discharges mostly as groundwater. 

In the Montenegrin Lake Shkodra most of the pollutants originate from Podgorica. On the Albanian 

territory the main pollution source is the City of Shkodra with its solid waste and wastewater. 

The potential pollution from the hazardous chemicals stored in Bajza Hot-Spot are object of 

this project. 

According to the Lake Shkoder Transboundary Diagnostics Analysis WORLD BANK (IBRD) 

(2006), during the past three decades the lake and its basin have experienced varying states of 

pollution. The content of dissolved oxygen in the lake water varies from 7 to 12 mg/l in the upper 

water layers and from 5 to 12 mg/l in the bottom layers. Free carbon dioxide (CO2) is recorded 

in very small concentration in the lake water. The highest recorded value is 13.07 mg/l among 

the macrophytes, under reductive chemical conditions and very low intensity of natural light. 

Lake Shkodra water is low mineralized and can be classified as a Bicarbonate - Calcium type. 

The total dissolved elektrolytes has been assessed between 98 and 164 mg/l in the pelagic water 

and 102 - 240 mg/l in the littoral water, while the water conductivity varies from 100 �S/cm to 

343 �S/cm. Carbonate concentration varies from 2 mg/l to 19 mg/l, while the bicarbonate content 

ranges from 86.6 mg/l to 254 mg/l. Water alkalinity varies between 1.47 and 4.18 mmol 

(eq)/l, while pH is between 7.1 and 8.5, but it usually remains between 7.9 and 8.2. These pH 

values fall within the optimum of 6.9 - 8.5 for the development of a high diverse biota. 

The lake water is characterized by a high content of calcium, with an average 31 mg/l to 

42 mg/l, but values up to 132 mg/l are measured in some lake areas. Content of silica ranges 

from 1.3 mg/l to 3.45 mg/l, magnesium 4.8 mg/l to74.8 mg/l and sulphate 3.2 mg/l to 30 mg/l. 

Values of phosphates in the lake waters are 0.002 mg/l to 0.004 mg/l. In certain periods, in littoral 

parts near the mouths of Cernojevi�a and Mora�a rivers these values increase up to 150 - 

1,000 times. Probably the same situation can also be found near the waste water inflow of 

Shkodra to the Lake. Content of nitrates in pelagic waters varies between 0.012 mg/l to 

1.200 mg/l, but it's inter seasonal variation is high. Nitrite concentration may reach 0.030 mg/l, 

with the highest values in the littoral. Chlorine content amount to 6 mg/l to 9.8 mg/l in the most 

parts of the lake area, but show very low concentration in the karst wells “eyes". 

3.4 Geology 

Geologically Bajza is located in western periphery of the geological zone of the North Albanian 

Alps. This zone is the southernmost part of the Dinarides which are developed parallel to the 

current shore of the Adriatic coast. The western part of the Albanian Alps consists of the Malesia 

e Madhe Sub-Zone, while the eastern and south-eastern part subsumed the Valbona Sub- 

Zone, (MEÇO &ALIAJ, 2000). Bajza area belongs to the Malesia e Madhe Sub-Zone. In general, 

the Malesia e Madhe Sub-Zone is structurally a large monocline split by faults into separate 



blocks with 20° to 25° dip angles inclining to northern or north-eastern direction. In the western 

periphery this monocline bends by dipping south-west at an angle of 10 to 15° under Pliocene to 

Quaternary molasses and the Shkodra Lake. Stratigraphically, the profile of Malesia e Madhe 

Sub-Zone started in the Upper Triassic with intercalated dolomites and limestone. 

On the geological map (Figure 3) is shown the geological situation of Bajza area, including the 

Station. As could be seen on this map the northern hilly-mountainous part of the area consists 

of stratified Upper Jurassic limestone locally dolomitized (see Figure 4) which provides well 

developed bedding fissures interconnected by at least two perpendicular or quasi perpendicular 

fractures. The intensive fracturing of the limestone has assisted the development of the karst. 

Figure 3: Geology of Bajza area (from the topographic map scale 1:25,000) 



Figure 4: Stratified Upper Jurassic limestone of Haxhajt Hill; on the top of the hill is situated 

the water supply reservoir of Bajza 

The Low Cretaceous deposits outcrop on the hilly chain along the Shkodra Lake, as well as in 

Bajza karst plain. These deposits mainly consist of thick bedded to massive limestone, which is 

intensively fractured and karstified (see Figure 5). 

Figure 5: Thick bedded Low Cretaceous limestone in the Shkodra Lake shore side 

During Pleistocene and Holocene steep and high energy torrents, like that of Përroi i Thatë (Dry 

Stream), have formed wide and thick cones of deposits mainly consisting of heterogeneous porous 

materials, from pebbles, gravel and sand to silt and clay. Often these materials are cemented 

and form thick conglomerate layers (Figure 6). Some relatively deep water wells prove 

(testimony) that the thickness of cone deposits is more than 60 m. Bajza is located in the north- 



ern part of the big cone of Përroi i Thatë stream and just at the border with the Cretaceous limestone 

rocks of Bajza karst plain. 

Figure 6: Gravel and conglomerate deposits along the bed of Përroi i Thatë Stream 

In the North Albanian tectonic zone vertical tectonic faults are intensively developed splitting the 

area into separate big and small blocks. The Bajza karst plain belongs to the big Kastrati block 

and represents a second order down faulting block which partially is covered by the cone deposits. 

Shkodra Lake is also a big down faulting block which represents a graben (Geology of 

Albania - in Albanian, ShGjSh, Tirana 2002). 

The geomorphology of Bajza area is determined by vertical faulting, as well as by intensive surface 

erosion of limestone rocks. A geomorphologic characteristic of the Albanian Alps in general 

and of the Bajza area in particular, is the intensive karstification. This is manifested by the presence 

of various karst forms like, shallow and deep karren, karst canals and wells, caves and 

huge karst springs. Most significant karst phenomenon of the studied area is the karst plain of 

Bajza which border to the station on the East, and to the Lake Shkodra on the West. On the 

surface of this plain innumerous sinkholes are developed which are fused with each other and 

form a stony plain filled with “terra rossa” mostly covered by a silty clay layer which is cultivated 

(see Figure 7). 



Figure 7: The stony karst plain of Bajza filled by “terra rossa” and silty clay layer which is cultivated 

3.5 Hydrogeology 

During the first half of September 2008 we conducted a detailed field investigation of Bajza 

area. During this investigation the significant karst phenomenon closely connected with 

groundwater movement and use like natural karst vertical wells and karst lakes were described. 

Particular attention was paid to the description of the karst springs. For the description of the 

hydrogeology of Bajza area we referred also to the former investigations conducted by the Albanian 

Hydrogeological Service which unfortunately are not detailed concerning this issue. During 

the last years in Bajza area some private deep wells are drilled, but unfortunately any register 

or any technical evidence of them are not available. The hydrogeological situation of the 

area is synthesized on the Hydrogeological Map, shown on scale 1:10,000 (see Figure 8). 

As shown also in the Hydrogeological Map of Albania, scale 1:200,000 (Eftimi et al., 1985) on 

hydrogeological point of view Bajza area is characterized by the presence of two important aquifers: 

� the karst aquifer, which is related to the Mesozoic carbonate rocks, and 

� the porous aquifer, which is related to the Quaternary coarse grained sediments. 

Both aquifers occupy the Koplik Bajza area and the Bajza Railway Station is bordering to both 

aquifers. East to the Station mainly the porous aquifer is developed, and west to the Station 

mainly the karst aquifer is developed (see Figure 8 and Figure 9). 



Figure 8: Hydrogeological Map (Original scale 1 : 10,000) with the lines of the cross sections 



Figure 9: Hydrogeological cross sections 



3.5.1 Karst aquifer 

This aquifer outcrops mostly in the center and the northern Bajza area. It consists of Upper Jurassic 

and Low Cretaceous carbonate rocks representing mainly limestone. On the hydrogeological 

cross-section (Figure 9) could be seen that the karst aquifer is also developed under 

the porous aquifer in eastern and southern part of Bajza area. Most of the Station is placed on 

the porous aquifer which overlies the karst aquifer cropping out west of the Bajza station. 

These rocks are intensively karstified and as a result they are characterized by a very high but 

heterogeneously developed permeability. Initially the permeability occurs along the bedding 

fractures and faults which are enlarged by the karstification. It is very easy to verify in the field 

the presence of karst canals or openings of different dimensions. The intensive karstification 

undoubtedly suggests the conclusion that most of groundwater flows on preferential pathways 

which represent well developed karst canals. 

Most significant surface karst phenomenons are the karst lakes and karst vertical wells, which 

are located near the big karst spring of “Syri i Sheganit” (see Figure 10).The lakes are nondrained 

springs and are connected through karst canals with the Syri i Sheganit Spring (see the 

Hydrogeological cross - section, Figure 11). 



Figure 10: Plan of Syri i Sheganit karst spring and of surrounding spring issues (Google Earth) 

There are three small karst lakes: Urdhana Lake 1 (Figure 12), Urdhana Lake 2 (Figure 13) 

and Urdhana e Kalbet Lake. Some data about the small karst lakes are shown in Table 2. 



Figure 11: Hydrogeological cross section from Syri i Sheganit Spring to Urdhana Lakes 1 and 2 



Figure 12: Karst lake “Urdhana e Sheganit 1” (the smaller lake) 

Figure 13: Karst lake “Urdhana e Sheganit 2” (the big lake) 



Table 2: Some data about small karst lakes of Bajza area 

Lake Big diameter 

m 

Small diameter 

m 

Depth 

m 

Elevation of water surface 

m 

Urdhana 1 60 - 65 35 - 40 > 10 Practically the same as Lake 

Shkodra level 

Urdhana 2 35 - 40 About 30 > 10 As above 

Urdhana e Kalbet About 15 About 15 > 10 As above 

The small karst lakes communicate through the big karst canals with the Lake Shkodra as well 

as with Syri i Sheganit. This is the reason why the water level in the lakes varies accordingly to 

the variation of the Lake Shkodra level, so the yearly amplitude of the lake’s level variation is 

about 5 m. Urdhana Lake 2 for many years is used for the irrigation of the surrounding cultivated 

lands. The pumping station with a capacity of about 200 -250 l/s nowadays is not working 

any more. 

As seen on the hydrogeological map (Figure 8) there are two important perennial karst springs 

in Bajza area: 

� Syri i Sheganit (Figure 14) and 

� Syri i Zi (Figure 15). 

Figure 14: Syri i Sheganit karst spring 



Both springs appear as small round lakes with a diameter about 15 - 20 m which by the local 

population are called “Syri” which means “Eye”. On Lake Shkodra shore also many temporary 

springs issue which are only active during short periods of intensive rains or during the snow 

melting period. 

Syri i Sheganit Spring issues on the Lake Shkodra shore at a distance about 2.3 km southwest 

the Station. Near to Syri i Sheganit also some other springs discharge which are shown in 

Figure 10. According to the former Institute of Hydrometeorology the measured discharge of the 

spring varies from 0.25 m 3 /s to more than 2.7 m 3 /s. During the field trip on 01.09.2008 the 

measured discharge ranges from 0.05 to 0.065 m 3 /s under the prevailing base flow conditions. 

According to an investigation by HAXHIU &UÇI (1995) on 28.04.1990 the discharge of Syri i 

Sheganit Spring is estimated to 10 m 3 /s. In the same study some other springs, which are 

shown on Figure 10 are mentioned in the vicinity of Syri i Sheganit. The discharge of these 

other springs e.g. Vija e Mullirit or Syri i Ragamit is estimated to 5 m 3 /s or 2 m 3 /s respectively in 

the above mentioned study. It seems that these spring discharges has been overestimated as 

they have not been measured by any instruments. 

In the above mentioned investigation there are given also the following important conclusions 

which help to understand the hydraulic mechanism of the springs in the area around Syri i 

Sheganit better: 

a) Despite the small differences of the physical-chemical, hydrochemical composition and 

small Tritium content differences between the considered springs, the findings suggest 

that the recharges of the different springs (e.g. Vija e Mullirit, Syri i Ragamit or Syri i 

Sheganit) are provided by separate karst canals. The groundwater flow to the springs 

may have different recharge zones and different residence time in the underground. 

b) Syri i Sheganit and Urdhana Lakes, however, are connected by well developed karst canals. 

By a dying method the flow velocity can determined in a range from 1.0 to 1.1 m/s 

(Urdhana Lake 1 and Syri i Sheganit Spring, distance 270 m). 

The measured electric conductivity shows a low mineralization of the spring water which is 

proved also by the chemical analyses. In Table 3 the results of two chemical analyses from the 

1980s and the 1990s are opposed to the analytical results of water sampled on 01.09.2008. 

The concentrations of the main components are small. The spring water can be characterized 

as soft and can be subsumed to a bicarbonate – calcium type. The chemical composition of Syri 

i Sheganit is typical for limestone karst water of intensive circulation. Regarding the micro components 

and the pesticide concentration the results will be given in the chapter 5.3.6. 

Syri i Zi Spring issues about 2 km north to Syri i Sheganit, on the lake shore (see Figure 15). 

The spring outlet is shaped in an oval form like a funnel; the big diameter is about 20 m and the 

smaller one is about 15 m. The depth of funnel is more than 10 m. The spring discharges confined 

groundwater. According to the explanation of the local people the discharge of the spring 

varies within a great range. On September 15 the estimated discharge was about 15 l/s to 20 



l/s. On the limestone rocks near the spring clear signs of the high level spring discharges are 

found at an elevation of approx. 4 m above the actual water level (15.09.2008). It is supposed 

the maximum discharge of the spring will be in the order of magnitude of several m 3 /s. 

Figure 15: Syri i Zi karst spring 

The electrical conductivity of Syri i Zi water was measured 230 �S/cm and the temperature 

18.4° C. For this spring chemical analyses are not available but it seems that its water quality is 

more or less similar to that of Syri i Sheganit. 

During the field investigation of Bajza area also some artificial wells are documented which 

were constructed by the local population for the abstraction of karst water. Among them can be 

mentioned the dug well nr 2 (see Figure 16), and the boreholes nr 3 and nr 10 B /95. 



Table 3: Analyses of water from Syri i Sheganit 

Parameter Dimension Concentration 

date 1987 1995 01.09.2008 

sodium mg/l 6.2 9.0 2 

potasium mg/l n.a. n.a.


ter level was found at 12.5 m below the ground surface (bgs) while some of the pumps were 

working during the measurement. The total capacity of the pumps is about 15 l/s. 

Borehole 3 is 94 m deep with a groundwater level at 48 m bgs on 06.09.2008, which coincides 

with the Shkodra Lake level. 

During the period 1993 - 1995 in Bajza-Hoti area 17 water wells were drilled in limestone sediments 

with depth varying from 60 to 100 m. Five wells fell practically dry and the averaged specific 

discharges of the remaining 12 wells range from 0.2 to 0.6 l * s -1 * m -1 (KALAJA &RUDI, 

1996). These findings corroborate the heterogeneity of the permeability of the karst rocks of 

Bajza area. 

3.5.2 Porous aquifer 

Porous aquifer is related to the Quaternary coarse grained cone sediments widely outcropping 

in the eastern part and in the south-western corner of the area, near Shkodra Lake (Figure 3 

and Figure 8). As mentioned above, when the geology was described, the thickness of this aquifer 

in Bajza area exceeds 60 m. The aquifer consists of gravel and sand. The coarse grained 

sediments are irregularly cemented and contain often thick conglomerate lenses, which are 

characterized by low permeability. 

In this porous aquifer system two water-bearing strata can be distinguished: 

a) the main porous aquifer with loose, uncemented granular sediments and 

b) the local porous aquifer with conglomerate lenses 

(see Hydrogeological cross-sections of Bajza area, Figure 9). 

The main porous aquifer contains unconfined groundwater hydraulically connected with the 

deep karst aquifer and both aquifers form a regional water body. Loose porous aquifer is usually 

characterized by high permeability and transmissivity. According to the results of some groundwater 

wells located in the adjacent area south to the investigated one the hydraulic conductivity 

of the uncemented porous aquifer exceeds 250 m/d (3 * 10 -3 m/s) and the transmissivity is more 

than 6,000 m 2 /d (0.07 m²/s). 

The groundwater level of the main porous aquifer at a given place is controlled by the elevation 

of the measuring site and by the elevation of Shkodra Lake level. 

Borehole nr 4 has a depth of 113 m and taps both, the limestone aquifer as well as the main 

porous aquifer. The groundwater level was stabilized at 38 m bgs on 06.09.2008 (Figure 17). In 

the area of Bajza Railway Station the groundwater table varies between 35 and 40 m bgs. 



Figure 17: Measuring the groundwater level in borehole nr 4 

The porous granular aquifer of Bajza area realizes the hydraulic connection of karst groundwater 

developed in eastern mountainous Zagora karst area with that of Bajza karst plain developed 

in the west. The groundwater of porous and karst aquifers flows to the west, to Shkodra 

lake, which represents the regional drainage area. 

The local porous aquifer is related to the conglomerate lenses, which are characterized by low 

permeability. Sometimes they are practically impermeable. Often on such lenses perched 

groundwater bodies are formed. In these groundwater bodies the depth to the water table is 

smaller than in the main aquifer. The perched aquifers are very important for the local water 

supply realized by relatively shallow dug wells. 

A typical example of a local porous aquifer is that developed within Bajza village. In the center 

of village the dug well nr 5 taps an important local groundwater body developed on a conglomerate 

lens. This well is 13 m deep and the groundwater level is measured at the depth 11 m bgs 

on 06.09.2008. This well is very old but is still in use and has been the main water supply 

source for Bajza (Figure 18). 



Figure 18: The top of dug well nr 5 is sculptured by the backed rope 

According to some chemical analyses performed in the past by the Albanian Hydrogeological 

Service the groundwater results in low mineralization, low hardness and can be characterized 

as Bicarbonate-Calcium type. The electrical conductivity varies between 230 and 300 �S/cm 

and the total hardness ranges mostly from 6 to 8 German degrees. 

The water supply of Bajza is centralized and fed by Riolli karst spring which issues in the North 

Albanian Alps about 18 km east to Bajza. As the water supply system can not provide a normal 

water supply for 24 hours the local population drills deep private wells increasingly. 

3.5.3 Hydrogeological conditions of the Bajza station 

The hydrogeological conditions of the Bajza station could be summarized as follows: 

a) The Station is located mainly on the porous aquifer and partially (the southern and western 

part) on the karst aquifer. 

b) The maximal thickness of the porous aquifer is supposed to be about 30 m to 40 m. 

c) Both aquifers, the porous and the karstic ones, are hydraulically connected and have a 

common groundwater level. 

d) The groundwater level is controlled by the elevation of the measuring site and by the 

elevation of Shkodra Lake level. In the area of the Station the groundwater level ranges 

between 35 m and 40 m bgs. 



e) Both aquifers, karstic and porous ones, are characterized by a very high permeability. 

This is the reason why in Bajza area the surface water is practically missing, as water 

will infiltrate from the surface to deeper levels. 

f) Both aquifers are intensively recharged by the abundant precipitations of the area (average 

2000 mm/year). The groundwater recharge in the investigated area can be estimated 

with an average of 1000 mm/year, which corresponds to a recharge rate of 

32 l * s -1 * (km 2 ) -1 ; 

g) The Bajza area and its aquifers are streamed by the groundwater of the North Albanian 

Alps, which drain to Shkodra Lake forming important karst springs, e.g. Syri i Sheganit 

and Syri i Zi with an average total discharge of several m 3 /s; 

h) The groundwater shows a low mineralization as well as a low hardness and can be seen 

as a Bicarbonate-Calcium type. The conductivity varies from 230 to 300 �S/cm and the 

total hardness ranges mostly from 6 to 8 German degrees. 

3.6 Socio-Economy and Population 

3.6.1 Population 

According to the Strategic Action Plan SAP FOR SKADAR/SHKODRA (2007) approximately 

500,000 inhabitants live in the watershed of Shkodra Lake. In Albania the majority of this population 

belongs to Shkodra Region, while in Montenegro several regions participate. The current 

population growth in Albania it is 0.6%. The population living below the poverty line is estimated 

to approximately 30%. 

Shkodra is the only main town of the area while there are around 20 villages and 2 municipalities. 

From those, 10 villages with 300 - 1,000 inhabitants are located more closely to the lake. 

Shkodra is the most developed centre of the region and the biggest municipality of the lake 

area. It is situated on the south-eastern part of the lake. It has a population of 110,000 inhabitants. 

The population of Shkodra city represents 32% of the total population of Shkodra Region 

(Qarku Shkoder) and the 45% of population of Shkodra District (Rrethi Shkoder). 

The movement of the population from the villages to the urban areas within the region has in 

fact been more evident compared to the movement from the cities itself. 

The village of Bajza is located in the community of Koplik with a population of 12,900 and 3,040 

families. 

3.6.2 Economy 

According to the Strategic Action Plan SAP FOR SKADAR/SHKODRA (2007) Albania has made 

significant economic progress since its transition from a communist regime towards a democ- 



ratic market-based economy. The country’s economy has been increasing since 1993 at an 

annual rate of about 8%. Although agriculture has traditionally played an important role in the 

economy, recent growth has been driven by the services and construction sectors. Agriculture in 

Albania counts for about 25% of its GDP. About 20% of the land is cultivated and approximately 

50% of the labor force is engaged in agriculture; the majority of the balance is involved in industries. 

In Shkodra region the main activities of the processing industry were the processing of tobacco 

and manufacture of cigarettes, production of conserved foods, sugar-based foods, soft and alcoholic 

drinks, pasta, bread, rice and vegetable oil. The main activities of the textile industry 

were focused on garments and silk products. The city also had a wood-processing and paperproduction 

plant. The most important mechanical engineering industries concerned wire manufacturing, 

elevator manufacturing and bus assembly. Two important handicraft enterprises well 

known in Albania were the Artisan Products Enterprise and the Straw and Reed Enterprise. 

As a result of market economy reforms after 90s, big changes took place in the economic structure 

of Shkodra, so that some nine-tenths of the former state-owned enterprises in the city were 

privatized. However, the majority of these privatized businesses did not continue their original 

production lines, particularly in the mechanical engineering industry, which had been unique in 

the country and had a guaranteed national market. Food processing, wood processing and the 

artisan production, which contributed the largest production in former time, were closed and 

transformed into a large number of small enterprises (SMEs). 

Meanwhile, tobacco processing and the cigarette manufacturing industry were completely destroyed: 

incapability to invest in technological renovation and competition from imported products 

caused its bankruptcy. 

In Shkodra region agricultural land occupies approximately 13% of the whole area, while forests, 

pastures and abandoned land contribute approximately 64%. The two main regional land 

use activities are agriculture and livestock rising. 

The main agricultural plants are field plants like wheat, maize, green beans, potatoes, vegetables, 

forage crops, tobacco etc. Almost 50% of the total surface is used for fodder and this 

clearly indicates that livestock is a very important activity in this region. 

3.7 Policies and Legislation 

According to the Lake Shkoder Transboundary Diagnostics Analysis, WORLD BANK (IBRD) 

(2006), the Constitution of Albania gives a special place to the environment. The Ministry of Environment 

(MoE), established in 2001, is the main policy-making public institution in the country. 

Until recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, Forests and Waters had some responsibilities 

for environmental protection and biodiversity conservation. The MoE has been given the 

additional responsibilities of forest and water administration sectors and is now the Ministry of 

Environment, Forests and Water Administration. 



Recently, the Albanian government has proclaimed its part of Lake Shkoder a “Managed Natural 

Reserve” through the Council of Ministers’ decision No. 684 dated 02.11.2005. 

In Albania, the legislation for the environmental protection and management can be said to be 

mostly in place. The law (No. 8934 of 5 September 2002) entitled “On Environmental Protection” 

is the legal act which regulates the protection and conservation of the environment in the country 

(Compendium of Environmental Legislation of Albania, 2004). Article 7 of Chapter II of the 

law lays down the policy guidelines on environment to be followed by the State. 

In addition to the law on Environmental Protection (2002), most important for waters resources 

and biodiversity conservation are the following laws: 

� On Water Resources, Law no. 8093, dated 21.03.1996. This law is yet to be implemented; 

� On Protected Areas, Law No. 8906, dated 06 .06.2002; 

� On Environmental Impact Assessment, Law No. 8990 dated 23.01.2003. 

Further, various acts and regulations have been passed by the government to enforce environmental 

protection in the country. Most relevant are: 

� On Protection of Transboundary Lakes, Law No. 9103 dated 10.07.2003; 

� On Urban Planning, Law No. 8405 dated 17.09.1998; 

� On Public Disposal of Waste, Law No. 8094 dated 21.03.1996; 

� On Environmental Administration of Solid Waste, Law No. 9010, dated 13.02.2003; 

� On Regulatory Framework of Water Supply Sector and Disposal & Treatment of Wastewater, 

Law No. 8102 dated 28.03.1996; 

� On Irrigation and Drainage, Law No. 8518 dated 30.07.1999; 

� On Development of Areas with Priority for Tourism, Law No. 7665 dated 21.01.1993; 

� On protection of air from pollution, Law No. 8897 dated 16.05.2002; 

� Government Decision No. 103 dated 31.03.2002, “On Environmental Monitoring in the 

Republic of Albania”. This decision states, among others, the indicators to be used in 

monitoring the environments of the country; 

� Government decision No. 103 dated 31.03.2002 on “Environmental Monitoring”; 

� Government decision No. 266 dated 24.04.2003 on “Administration of Protected Areas”; 

� the Albanian Penal Code (Articles 201-207) provides the penalization of acts related to 

the violation of the environmental laws. 

Most recent legislative and administrative decisions, noteworthy with respect to the environment 

conservation are: 



� Council of Minister’s decision No. 683 dated 02.11.2005 on “Proclamation of Shkodra 

Lake and Buna river Wetland Complex, Natural Area especially protected and its inclusion 

in the list of internationally important wetlands, especially as waterfowl habitats”; 

� Council of Minister’s decision No. 684 dated 02.11.2005 on “Proclamation of the Albanian 

Part of Shkodra Lake as Managed Natural Reserve”. 

Clearly, the Albanian government has taken legislative measures which reflect its desire to towards 

environment conservation and management in the country. But the enforcement of the 

laws and regulations and implementation of the government decisions are still weak. 

4 SITE INVESTIGATON 

4.1 Kick-off Meeting and first site investigation 

The first Kick-off meeting took place on 01.09.2008 09:00 h at the office of Mr. Selfo in Tirana. 

The participants were Mr. Selfo, as project coordinator for the UNDP Albania, Mr. Linder, as 

team leader of MonTec and Mr. Skark, as expert for chemistry and pesticides of MonTec as well 

as Mr. Eftimi, as local expert. Mr. Selfo introduced the project goals to the team. 

Interview 

On 01.09.2008 13:00 h a first site investigation at Bajza took place. Besides Mr. Selfo and the 

MonTec team the director of the station Mr. Popaj participated. The results of this interview 

were: 

� the supposed hazardous chemical material/waste is stored in only one room at the 

storehouses, 

� the material is supposed to be stored since the beginning of the 1990 th , 

� the old and abandoned railway wagons, deposited east of the storehouses are assumed 

to be not part of the German train with the pesticides, 

� the German train with the pesticides is supposed to be already removed and it is assumed 

that no pesticides of the train are stored in the storehouses, 

� the station itself is a secured and restricted area and should have no public access, 

� the train station is in operation for commercial transport of goods, there are no passenger 

transportation trains, 

� the storehouses are not in operation, 

� the station of Bajza is looking forward to use the storehouses in the future. 

4.2 Investigation on-site 

The Figure 19 shows an overview of the Bajza Station Site. 



station administration 

storehouses 

Figure 19: Overview Bajza Station 

fenced area 

to Bajza village 



4.2.1 Outside the Bajza station 

In the afternoon of the 01.09.2008 the surrounding area of the Bajza station was investigated 

with the focus on the groundwater flows downstream the site area. In approximately 1 km distance 

to the Bajza station the karstic groundwater is accessible. There are two karstic wells with 

no drain-off and one karstic well (Syri i Sheganit) with a drain-off to the Shkodra Lake (see 

Figure 20). 

Syri i Sheganit (well) 

assumed 

Groundwater flow direction 

Figure 20: Assumed groundwater downstream area of the site 

The flow velocity in the spillway of the Syri i Sheganit spring has been estimated between 0.05 

and 0.06 m/s which results in a discharge between 0.05 and 0.065 m³/s under the prevailing 

base flow conditions during the field trip. 

The water in the Syri i Sheganit spillway has a temperature of 18.7° C, a low electrical conductivity 

(EC) of 267 μS/cm indicating an expected low content of total dissolved solids and a pH 

value between 6 and 7. The water of the undrained karstic wells shows the same pH range, a 

higher temperature (26° C - 27° C) and in one case almost the same EC of 276 μS/cm. The 

water of the second undrained karstic spring located south to the first one gives an even lower 

EC with 197 μS/cm, a hint for a lower mineralization. 

At this site (Syri i Sheganit) a groundwater sample could be taken (see Figure 21). 

Bajza Station 



Figure 21: Groundwater sample at Syri i Sheganit karstic well 

4.2.2 Inside the Bajza station 

On 02.09.2008 the storehouses and the railway tracks are investigated. At the same day the 

sampling took place. 

Figure 22 shows an overview of the storehouses and railway tracks with the definition of names 

of the objects used in this investigation. The following list gives an overview of the objects of the 

site investigation. The objects of detailed investigations and sampling are highlighted bold. See 

also the photographic documentation in Figure 23 to Figure 32. 

� Storehouse 1 with loading ramps left and right, not used 

- Room 1: empty, dust and animal excrements (goats, birds ...) on the floor 

- Room 2: empty, dust and animal excrements (goats, birds ...) on the floor, children used 

the dust as playground 

- Room 3: empty, dust and animal excrements (goats, birds ...) on the floor 

� Storehouse 2 with loading ramps left and right, not used 

- Room 1: empty, dust and animal excrements (goats, birds ...) on the floor, an old machinery 

in one corner 

- Room 2: empty, dust and animal excrements (goats, birds ...), single leather rags on the 

floor; Room 2 has direct access to Room 3 

- Room 3: loaded with chemical material/waste, leather rags; some chemical material was 

found outside of the Room 3 on the Ramp2 left as well as in Room 2 close to the 

doors/gates of the Room 3 



- Room 4: empty, dust and animal excrements (goats, birds ...) on the floor, there is no direct 

access to Room 3 

� Railway Track 1: in use during visit, one abandoned wagon deposited the north end of 

the track 

� Railway Track 2: in use during visit 

� Railway Track 3: not in use, 25 empty and abandoned wagons deposited on the track, 

supposed to be a track for the German train with pesticides 

� Platform between Track 3 and 4 : not in use and empty 

� Railway Track 4: not in use, 35 empty and abandoned wagons deposited on the track 

plus 2 abandoned wagons loaded with soil (overgrown) north of it. 



Figure 22: Overview of the storehouses and railway tracks 



Figure 23: Storehouse 1, view south 

Figure 24: Storehouse 1, Room 1, view south 







Figure 27: Storehouse 2, view south 

Figure 28: Storehouse 2, Room 1, view east 







Figure 31: Railway Track 3, view north 

Figure 32: Railway Track 4, view south 



4.3 Sampling 

As a conclusion of the information from Mr. Selfo and Mr. Popaj the MonTec team carried out 

the site visitation and focused the sampling to the major subjects of interest: 

� Storehouse 2, Room 3 with the supposed hazardous chemical material/waste and leather 

rugs. 

� Storehouse 2, Room 2 with dust and assumed remnants of the chemical materials in the 

adjacent Room 3 to which it has an open access at the southern wall. This material was focused 

at as a further storeroom for the hazardous materials in Room 3 after repacking. 

� Storehouse 2, Room 1 and 4 with dust and unknown further composition. 

� Abandoned railway wagons at track 3 and 4 were searched for leftovers of pesticides. 

� Topsoil was sampled in the direct vicinity of the railway tracks 3 and 4 in order to follow up 

spilled pesticides. 

Figure 33 shows an overview of the sampling locations. 

Figure 33: Overview of the sampling locations 



During sampling procedure of solids at the Bajza site one member of the sampling personnel 

(Mr. Skark) used an electronic radiation dosimeter which was able to record possible radioactive 

impact on humans with a detection limit of 50 nSv/h. Over a period of 6 h no radioactivity was 

recorded (0 μSv). Thus, it can be concluded that no radioactive material or any remnants of this 

are stored in storehouse 2 and in the surrounding of that building. 

4.3.1 Samples in Storehouse 2 

Samples in Storehouse 2, Room 3 

During the sampling work in Storehouse 2, Room 3, it was discovered that the main parts of the 

stored materials are leather rags (shoes production) without and within plastic bags. The chemical 

material/waste was only dropped on top of the leather rugs in front of the two open access 

doors to the storehouse room. Figure 34 shows an overview of the investigated mixture of materials 

and sampling locations. 

The thickness of the deposited material in this room is less than 0.70 m. 



� white powder 

Figure 34: Overview of Storehouse 2, Room 3 

� 

proven depth of piled rags 

� proven depth of piled rags 

� proven depth of piled rags 

30 November 2008 page 43 of 66 

� 

grey and white powder


The main part of the stored material consisted of tanned leather remnants, which remained 

after cutting out pieces for the production of shoes and other leather goods. This material is almost 

80 % of the stored material. These leather rags were piled up to 60 cm in the Room 3 and 

occurred at different sites (Figure 34, Figure 35 and Figure 36). The cuttings were sometimes 

sacked in woven polyester bags. Some of the bags were labeled indicating the former content 

as vegetal tanning agent (acacia bark, Figure 38). Remnants of torn bags were mixed with the 

leather cuttings. For further investigation a representative sample of the leather was taken 

(Table 4, L). 

Figure 35: Leather rags in Storehouse 2, Room 3 

Figure 36: Leather rags in Storehouse 2, Room 3 



To a lesser extent (< 20 %) a white and a grey powder were found in hall 3 (Figure 18). Both 

powders consist of small acicular crystals (size < 0.1 mm) and were often cemented due to infiltrated 

and evaporated humidity. The grey powder seemed to be a soiled variant of the white 

powder due to the contact with the tanned leather and some excremental material (birds?, 

rats?). The mass relation between white and grey powder was estimated to 80 : 20. 

Figure 37: White and grey powder in Storehouse 2, Room 3 

Most of the substances were sacked to torn bags which were labelled at several bags with 

Na2SiF6, sodium hexafluorosilicate, indicating the Albanian origin of the material (Figure 38). 

Some field tests showed: The material was soluble in water to a certain extent. The solution 

smelled like hydrochloric acid and had a pH value between 3 and 4. No reaction with diluted 

hydrochloric acid (HCl, 3 Vol-%) was found. Both substances, the white and the grey powder, 

were sampled separately by 10 penetrations with a metal mortar to a bucket and were mixed 

thoroughly in order to receive a representative composite sample (Table 4, M1 and M2). 



Figure 38: Labelled bags in Storehouse 2, Room 3 

Samples from other Rooms in Storehouse 2 

The dust/debris in the other rooms consisted of rubbed plastering and trickled roof material, 

remnants of stored chemical substances and some organic material (animal hair [goats … ], 

dried animal excrements and charcoal remnants). In Room 2 additionally some leather rags 

were found. 

Sampling of the dust/debris in Room 2 focused at the southern part of the room with the open 

door to room 3 (S1). In order to get a composite sample of the dust materials 10 single samples 

were mixed thoroughly (Figure 39). The mass of dust in Room 2 can be roughly estimated by 

less than 100 kg. 



Figure 39: Dust and debris sampling in Storehouse 2, Room 2 

From the dust and debris material on the floor in the Rooms 1 and 4 one composite sample was 

mixed from 10 single samples in Room 1 and 4 each (S2). The amount of dust and debris in 

each Room was estimated to be less than 50 kg. 

The material of both samples contained probably carbonate which had been proven by a test 

with diluted hydrochloric acid. 

4.3.2 Solid samples from outside the Storehouses 

Sampling of solids outside the Storehouse concentrated on peculiar remnants of chemicals in or 

around the abandoned railway wagons or the topsoil in the direct vicinity of the railway tracks 3 

and 4. 



Figure 40: Overview of the sample locations outside the Storehouses 

Abandoned railway wagons 

Sample point 

soil � 

Sample point soil � 

Sample point soil 

� 

� Sample point soil 


� Sample in wagon (powder) 


� Sample point red material 

In all the railway wagons the floor was made of wood that had been torn out and only the basic 

steel girder construction was visible. 



At one point at track 4 a grey-white powder with an obvious small density was found in a wagon 

(Figure 41) and could be sampled (Table 4, B1). The mass of that powder can be estimated 

with 10 kg. 

Figure 41: Material in a wagon 

At another point, west of track 3 and south of the Storehouse 2 a red material with round blackwhite 

inclusions was found. The material showed a massive consistence. It might either be a 

natural substance like mudstone, brick or grog clay. On the other hand, it might represent the 

remnants of a condensed synthetic chemical substance. The mass can be assumed to less 

than 5 kg. It was sampled (Table 4, B2). 

Soil sampling at the railway tracks 3 and 4 

For soil sampling 3 small pits were dug in order to collect material from topsoil west of track 3. 

Each pit was approximately 30 cm deep (Figure 42). The soil material was unified in a bucket, 

thoroughly mixed and a composite sample was filled into a glass (Table 4, B3). This sampling 

procedure was repeated east of track 4 (sample B4). 



Figure 42: Soil sampling at the railway tracks 

In no case a top sealing by a confining clay layer or any other cohesive soil material was found. 

The humid top soil consisted of a sandy silt layer with a large amount of well rounded gravel. 

The silt was rich in carbonates proven by a test with hydrochloric acid. The consistence of the 

topsoil will not hinder the infiltration of any precipitation. It can be assumed that the topsoil will 

provide only a moderate sorption capacity to organic chemicals like pesticides. 

4.3.3 Water sampling 

Water sampling was already performed on 01.09.2008 at the Syri I Sheganit karstic well. 

See chapter 4.2.1. 

4.4 Estimation of quantities 

The estimation of the quantities gives the following results: 

� Storehouse 2 

- Room 1: Dust and debris on the floor < 50 kg 

- Room 2: Dust and debris on the floor ~ 100 kg 



- Room 3: Leather waste ~ 200 t 

Chemical Waste ~ 80 t 

- Room 4: Dust and debris on the floor < 50 kg. 

5 ANALYSES 

The following Table 4 (see also Annex 1) gives an overview of the sampled material and the 

subsequent chemical analysis which was performed after the sample transport to Germany. 

Table 4: Overview of sampled material and subsequent chemical analysis 

Nr. short 

name 

description material colour analytical procedure 

1 M1 material 1 powder white XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS, density analysis 

2 M2 material 2 powder grey XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

3 L leather leather brown microbiology, HM after water extraction, GC-MS 

4 S1 dust 1 solid grey XRF, TOC, EOX, asbestos, GC-MS 

5 S2 dust 2 solid grey XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

6 B1 railway-wagon 1 powder greywhite XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

7 B2 railway-wagon 2 mudstone? red XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

8 B3 railway 3, soil soil greybrown TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

9 B4 railway 4, soil soil greybrown TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

10 SiS water water 

chloroorganic pesticides, GC-MS, Ca, Mg, Na, 

K, Cl, SO4, (NO3, NH4, DOC), HM, AOX, 

AOX – adsorbable organic halogens (water) 

DOC – dissolved organic carbon 

EOX – extractable organic halogens (solids) 

GC-MS – screening test with gas chromatography and mass-selective detection after extraction with solvents of 

different polarity (methanol, hexane) 

HM – heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn) 

TOC – total organic carbon 

XRF – X-ray fluorescence 

5.1 Analysis of samples 

5.1.1 Analysis of samples from Room 3 

One of the possible hazards in leather remnants is the contamination with anthrax spores. This 

can only be identified by a specific microbiological and molecular-biological analytic procedure 

which is done in a special laboratory at the Stuttgart-Hohenheim University. Due to tanning 

processes the leather may contain residues of mineral or vegetal tanning substances which 

might be eluted after the future disposal at a landfill. For assessing the mineral elution potential 

of the leather (L) an elution by water has been performed (S4 test according DEV, elution by 

demineralised water for 24 hours at a solid to liquid ratio of 1 : 10) and the leachate has been 

tested on heavy metals, particularly chromium, mercury, nickel, and aluminium. For tracking 

vegetal tanning agents a further elution of the leather sample (L) with organic solvents of differ- 



ent polarity (methanol and hexane) has been performed. The extracts are analysed by gaschromatography 

with a mass-selective detection (GC-MS) in order to identify certain tannic acids 

(Table 4). 

The composite samples of the white and grey powder (M1 and M2) are investigated by X-ray 

fluorescence (XRF) which may prove the most likely inorganic composition of the material. In 

addition the material was tested for total organic carbon (TOC) and extractable organic halogens 

(EOX). Finally, extracts with 2 organic solvents (methanol and hexane) are analyzed by 

GC-MS in order to identify potential organic compounds (e.g. pesticides, Table 4). A density 

analysis of M1 has resulted in a density of approximately 2.5 g/cm³ which corroborates the assumption 

of sodium hexafluoro silicate. The pure Na2SiF6 has a density of 2.7 g/cm³ but the 

sampled material may not reach this value due to the technical purity grade and contamination 

during the storage. 

5.1.2 Analysis of the dust samples S1 and S2 

Apart from the analytical procedure as described for the chemical material M1 and M2 in Room 

2 the dust sample S1 is additionally analyzed for asbestos fibres which may be included to the 

dust from trickling roof material (Table 4). 

5.1.3 Analysis of the samples B1 and B2 from the abandoned railway tracks 

Both peculiar materials B1 and B2 are analyzed in the same procedure as the samples M1 and 

M2 (Table 4). B2 sample has to be crushed by a hammer as a preparation for further analysis. 

Particularly the GC-MS screening proves whether these materials contain organic pollutants like 

pesticides. 

5.1.4 Analysis of the soil samples B3 and B4 

Soil samples B3 and B4 are be analyzed with respect to the parameters TOC, EOX and after 

extraction with methanol and hexane by GC-MS in order to identify residues of any spilled pesticide 

or other organic pollutants. 

5.1.5 Analysis of water 

Due to the transport condition water analysis focuses on conservative inorganic ions (Ca 2+ , 

Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl - , SO4 2- and heavy metals). For orientation purpose the non-conservative parameters 

like nitrate, ammonia and dissolved organic carbon are also analyzed. Persistent pesticides 

or other organic pollutants may be identified by GC-MS screening procedure. 

5.2 Performance of chemical and microbiological analyses 

The microbiological tests of leather aiming at the exclusion of the occurrence of Bacillus anthracis 

were performed by a specialized laboratory at the University Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Institut 

für Umwelt- und Tierhygiene, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany (Prof. Dr. R. Böhm). The analysis 



was done as microbiological cultivating on a semi-selective nutrient medium and as a molecular-biological 

procedure like polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR). 

The X-ray fluorescence investigations (XRF) of several solid samples were performed by Friedrich-Schiller-University 

Jena, Institute for Geo-Sciences, Department of Mineralogy, 07749 

Jena, Germany (Prof. Dr. L. Viereck-Götte). Main constituents were analyzed after a melting 

preparation whereas trace elements were determined after a compression-moulding with potassium 

bromide. The XRF device was characterized by a rhodium cathode as primary X-ray radiation 

source and a lithium fluoride crystal for the analysis of the excited fluorescence radiation. 

The quantification was aiming at elements from the 3 rd to the 7 th period in the periodic table 

while the results for the 2 nd period were only qualitative (including fluorine). Carbon compounds 

were burnt during the annealing process at 900°C but some of the constituents were oxygenated 

in this process resulting in negative annealing losses. As the XRF analysis at the Jena 

laboratory generally aimed to natural rocks and their constituents the following elements from 

the 3 rd and 4 th period in the periodic table were seen as main components: sodium, magnesium, 

aluminium, silicon, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, titan, manganese, and iron. These elements 

were quantified after the melting preparation. The following elements from the 3 rd to the 

7 th period of the periodic table were seen as traces and were quantified after compressionmoulding: 

sulphur, chlorine, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, rubidium, strontium, 

yttrium, zirconium, niobium, barium, lead, and uranium. 

Asbestos fiber identification was performed by raster electron microscopy (REM) and further 

confirmation by fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) by CRB Analysen Service, 

37818 Hardegsen, Germany. 

In preparation of the gas chromatography screening aliquots of the solid samples (2 - 3 g) were 

being extracted separately with methanol and hexane (20 ml each) for 30 min in an ultrasonic 

bath. The supernatants were used for further analyses. The water samples were extracted on 

solid phase material (SPE) of different polarity and eluted by solvents of different polarity. One 

liter of water was filtrated either on a 6 ml SPE column SDB1 (styrenevinylbenzene by BAKER) 

or on a 6 ml SPE column HRX (polystyrenevinylbenzene by MACHEREY & NAGEL). The SDB 1 

column was eluted by 8 ml methanol, the HRX column by 8 ml ethylacetate. Both eluates were 

dried by evaporation and the residues were solved in methanol prior to the GC procedure. 

The boundary conditions for the GC-MS analysis are characterized as follows: 

For sample feeding a cold injection system (CIS; KAS 3 by GERSTEL) was used. The volume of 

2 μl sample extract was injected to the GC by the CIS under solvent venting at 40°C. 

The GC device (gas chromatograph 5890 series II by AGILENT with auto sampling device 

AS7673) was equipped by a capillary column J&W DB5 (length 30 m, inner diameter 0.25 mm, 

film thickness 0.25 μm). The realized temperature program started with an initial temperature of 

50°C (1 min), continued with a heating period at a rate of 8°C/min and finished with a final temperature 

of 270°C (5 min). The total time elapsed for one run was 33.5 min. 



The mass selective detection device (quadrupole MSD 5972 by AGILENT) of the gas chromatograph 

screened in the full scan mode masses between 50 and 500 m/z, which were identified 

by a comparison with spectra libraries (NBS-75K [74,828 compounds]; EHRENSTORFER [1,141 

compounds]; HP-PESTICIDE LIBRARY [340 compounds]). Particularly the last 2 libraries are specialized 

to pesticide identification whereas the NBS library includes a broad variety of organic 

compounds. Nevertheless the GC-MS screening targets mainly at the identification of pesticides 

which had been stored at Bajza Station in the early 1990’s. It can be assumed that 37 different 

active organic ingredients of pesticides were stored temporarily in rail wagons at the Bajza site. 

The occurrence of these organic pesticides can not be excluded a priory. From the total number 

of 37 compounds the spectra of 29 substances were included in the GC-MS screening process. 

The identification of a specific compound based on the retention time in the chromatographic 

column which was added by a comparison of the observed fragments and their relative intensities 

at that retention time with the spectra libraries. The proposed occurrence of a compound in 

a sample is only adopted when the match quality with the library spectrum exceeds 50 % probability 

and the chromatogram shows a peak of relevant intensity indicating a significant abundance 

in the sample (at least more than 5 % of the integrated area). Thus, by the GC-MS 

screening only the main organic compounds were qualitatively assigned. No further attempt for 

quantification was performed due to the lack of appropriate standards for quantification. In addition 

further appropriate clean up steps were needed for the extract preparation. 

All other analytical procedures were performed according to DIN standards. 

5.3 Results of chemical and microbiological analyses 

The following describes the results of the chemical and microbiological analyses. The complete 

results are listed in the tables in Annex 2. Annex 3 gives a detailed list of presumable pesticides 

of the "pesticide train" and the possible GC-MS screening. 

5.3.1 Results for the leather sample (L) 

By the microbiological investigation Bacillus anthracis could not be found with a limit of detection 

at 20 spores in a 15 g aliquot of the sample. 

The elution of solutes by the demineralised water gave a hint to soluble chromium and aluminium 

(aluminium 2.06 mg/l, chromium 1.48 mg/l) whereas mercury and nickel were only found on 

a trace level (mercury 1.6 μg/l, nickel 19 μg/l). A further analysis for chromium (IV) could not be 

performed due to the colour of the eluate and matrix effects. 

As a result of the GC-MS screening several plasticizers could be identified. In both extracts, 

methanol and hexane, 2-ethyl-hexyl-diphenyl-phosphat (C20H27O4P, Octicizer, USAN, CAS 

1241-94-7), a phosphor acid ester, was identified, which is used as plasticizer and flame retardant 

(Table 7). Further more in the hexane extract di-butyl-phthalate (DBP, CAS 84-74-2) and in 

the methanol extract di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-phthalate (DEHP; CAS 117-81-7), two other plasticizers, 

were detected. Residues of vegetal tanning agents were not identified in the leather rags although 

some of the remnants were packed in bags indicating the use of acacia tanning agents 



(mimosa), condensed tanning compounds like catechin and other flavandiols (Figure 38, 

SCHUBERT ET AL., 1978). 

So it can be concluded that the leather was tanned by mineral salts which may be soluble after 

dumping the material in a landfill. The occurrence of the plasticizers described above may not 

pose any additional risk either for the occupational safety during repackaging or for an environmental 

impact after a landfill disposal (BG Chemie, 1995). 

5.3.2 Results for the stored material (M1 and M2) in Room 3 in Storehouse 2 

In both sampled powders M1 and M2 extractable organic bound halogens were not found (see 

Table 5). Particularly the white powder M1 provided a low organic carbon content (900 mg/kg) 

whereas the grey powder M2 was a little richer in organic carbon (20 g/kg). 

Table 5: Results of the analysis for total organic carbon (TOC) and extractable organic bound 

halogens (EOX) 

Nr. 

short 

name 

description 

TOC 

[%] 

EOX 

[mg/kg] 

1 M1 material 1 0.09 < 1 

2 M2 material 2 2.0 < 1 

4 S1 dust 1 3.0 < 1 

5 S2 dust 2 3.1 < 1 

6 B1 railway-waggon 1 40.4 22 

7 B2 railway-waggon 2 0.34 < 1 

8 B3 railway 3, soil 7.7 < 1 

9 B4 railway 4, soil 6.2 < 1 

limit of quantification TOC 0.01 %, EOX 1 mg/kg 

By XRF analysis sodium and silicon could be identified as the main constituents of M1 and M2 

(see Table 6, Figure 43). These both elements summed up to c. 400 g/kg while all other quantified 

elements resulted in 7 or 38 g/kg (M1 respectively M2). Pure sodium hexafluoro silicate, 

Na2SiF6, (CAS 16893-85-9) should have a stoichiometric ratio of Na : Si : F of 24.5 : 14.9 : 60.6 

which was almost met by the sodium and silicon fraction in M1 and M2. The respective ratio (Na 

+ Si) : F has to be 39.4 : 60.6 which is also approximately complied in the tested material. Additionally 

fluorine was qualitatively found in both samples to a certain amount but could not be 

quantified as described before. 



Table 6: Results of the XRF analysis 

Element 

Sample / 

Dimension 

M 1 M2 S1 S2 B1 B2 

Na [g/kg] 262.5 248.8 7.3 10.9 2.5 b.d. 

Mg [g/kg] 0.2 2.6 16.5 25.0 3.6 1.6 

Al [g/kg] 5.2 8.3 49.7 54.6 19.0 356.3 

Si [g/kg] 143.5 152.1 220.4 224.2 135.8 12.9 

P [g/kg] 0.1 0.4 1.6 1.0 4.8 0.4 

S [g/kg] < 0.005 7.3 7.533 15.447 8.9 0.031 

Cl [g/kg] 0.3 3.1 0.224 0.331 1.3 < 0.005 

K [g/kg] 0.4 1.5 8.1 9.5 3.4 0.5 

Ca [g/kg] 0.4 11.5 224.3 162.1 49.5 1.4 

Ti [g/kg] 0.04 0.2 2.1 2.8 0.8 23.62 

V [g/kg] 0.004 0.01 0.095 0.134 0.20 1.06 

Cr [g/kg] < 0.005 0.06 0.33 0.683 0.33 2.046 

Mn [g/kg] 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.3 

Fe [g/kg] 0.3 3.0 35.3 74.0 54.4 172.6 

Co [g/kg] < 0.005 < 0.005 0.009 0.032 0.03 0.08 

Ni [g/kg] 0.02 0.04 0.115 0.212 0.09 0.834 

Cu [g/kg] 0.01 0.02 0.056 0.085 0.20 < 0.005 

Zn [g/kg] < 0.005 0.06 0.23 0.907 1.12 0.265 

Rb [g/kg] 0.01 0.01 0.035 0.038 0.14 0.007 

Sr [g/kg] 0.01 0.07 0.358 0.212 0.14 0.071 

Y [g/kg] 0.001 0.002 0.01 0.012 < 0.005 0.085 

Zr [g/kg] 0.02 0.03 0.095 0.079 0.05 0.613 

Nb [g/kg] 0.001 0.002 0.004 0.006 < 0.005 0.042 

Ba [g/kg] < 0.005 0.06 0.38 0.611 0.25 0.443 

Pb [g/kg] 0.004 0.01 0.046 0.052 0.06 0.089 

U [g/kg] < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.008 0.002 

sum [g/kg] 413.1 439.2 575.3 583.8 287.7 576.3 

annealing 

loss 

(%) -4.07 -16.47 24.80 24.21 6.32 12.92 

limit of quantification 0.005 g/kg, b.d. – below limit of detection 

The combination of all results - low TOC, EOX below the limit of quantification, density c. 2.5 

g/cm³, prevailing sodium and silicon, qualitative detection of fluorine - gave strong constraints 

for the corroboration of the sodium hexafluoro silicate assumption. Sodium hexafluoro silicate 

has biocide properties and can be used as a wood preserving agent and insecticide but it can 

also be used as the intermediate material for further chemical synthesis (e.g. kryolithe production 

for aluminium smelting, TOMLIN, 1997). This inorganic fluorine compound forms white hexagonal 

crystals, has a water solubility of 6.5 g/L and decomposes at 500°C when it is heated. 

This hazardous chemical substance is classified as toxic particularly when it is inhaled, ingested 



or in contact with the bare skin during working processes (HANEKE &CARSON, 2001; KÜHN – 

BIRETT, 2008). 

mass concentration [g/kg] 

400 

350 

300 

250 

200 

150 

100 

50 

0 

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Ba Pb U 

increasing atomic number 

Figure 43: Element composition according to the results of XRF analysis 

The GC-MS screening resulted in both extracts in the identification of the plasticizers DBP and 

DEHP without any hint to further components (Table 7). 

5.3.3 Results for the dust/debris samples (S1 and S2) in Storehouse 2 

In the dust/debris sample S1 asbestos fibres were found and specified as chrysotile asbestos. 

This result could also be held for true for the sample S2 as the most likely source of the asbestos 

fibres was trickled roof material. The occurrence of asbestos in the dust will put serious constraints 

for the occupational protection during the cleaning of the Room 2 and 3. 

XRF analysis of the dust samples S1 and S2 resulted in the prevailing inorganic constituents 

silicon, calcium, aluminium, and iron which were contributing c. 52 % of the inorganic fraction 

(Table 6). A large amount of the calcium was presumably bound as calcium carbonate which 

explained the annealing loss of c. 24 % due to inorganic carbon. The investigation of the melting 

preparation showed oxygen apart from carbon as the main component of the 2 nd period in the 

periodic table because the sum of the oxidized forms of the elements gave a recovery near 

30 November 2008 page 57 of 66 

M1 

M2 

S1 

S2 

B1 

B2


100 %. So it could be assumed that fluorine and fluorine compounds occurred only subordinately 

in the dust/debris. 

In both samples EOX could not be detected and organic carbon had a fraction of c. 3 % (see 

Table 5) which can be seen as low in comparison to inorganic bound carbon. 

The screening by GC-MS revealed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and phthalates 

(DEHP, DBP, and diethyl-phthalate [DEP]) as the relevant organic compounds in the dust/debris 

(Table 7). In S2 additionally phenol was identified. Phthalates and PAH can be seen as ubiquitous 

pollutants. Although these compounds were not quantified, it can be assumed that their 

occurrence do not pose an additional environmental hazard. 

5.3.4 Results for the samples around the abandoned railway wagons (B1 and B2) 

The grey-white powder from a railway-wagon (B1, Figure 41) was the only sample which revealed 

a quantifiable amount of EOX (22 mg/kg). The material consists to a great fraction of 

organic carbon (40 %, see Table 5). 

According to this result of the TOC analysis the XRF investigation of B1 resulted in a small recovery 

of material (< 30 %, see Table 6). The elements silicon, calcium and iron were contributing 

most of the inorganic fraction (sum 24 %) whereas all other quantified elements summed to 

4.8 % among which sulphur had the greatest part (0.9 %). 

Table 7: Identified organic compounds in the GC-MS screening 

Nr. 

short 

name 

1 M1 material 1 

2 M2 material 2 

description 

Extract 

hexane methanol 

DBP, DEHP DBP, DEHP 

3 L leather DBP, Octicizer DEHP, octicizer 

4 S1 dust 1 DBP, DEHP, PAH DEP, DDP, DEHP, PAH 

5 S2 dust 2 DBP, DEHP, PAH DBP, DEP, DEHP, PAH, phenol 

6 B1 railway wagon 1 DBP, tetradifon DEHP, tetradifon 

7 B2 railway wagon 2 HC HC 

8 B3 railway track 3, soil HC bisabolene, myristicin 

9 B4 railway track 4, soil HC DBP, DEP, PAK 

DBP – di-butyl-phthalate 

DDP – di-dodecyl-phthalate 

DEP – di–ethyl-phthalate 

DEHP – di-ethylhexyl-phthalate 

HC – hydrocarbons 

PAH – polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 

The GC-MS screening of sample B1 revealed phthalates (DEHP, DBP) and a pesticide, tetradifon 

(Table 7). The common name tetradifon stands for 4-chlorphenyl 2,4,5-trichlorphenyl sulfone 

(C12H6Cl4O2S, CAS 116-29-0) which is an acaricide agent (TOMLIN, 1997). The mass frac- 



tion of carbon in the compound should amount to 40 %. Tetradifon should be one of the pesticides 

which were transported in the “pesticide train” from Germany to Bajza, Albania in 1992. 

The compound provides only a small solubility to water and a high octanol-water partition coefficient 

(log Pow 4.61) indicating a high sorption affinity to the organic substance in the soil 

(TOMLIN, 1997). Thus it can not be characterized as a fast leaching substance. Nevertheless it is 

classified as a harmful substance which can be toxic to aquatic organisms and it pose also a 

risk if it is inhaled as particle from dust (IPCS, 1986, 1997). Therefore all obvious remnants of 

this material should be collected and disposed in a safe way in order to avoid any adverse environmental 

impact or any hazard for human health. 

On the other hand the GC-MS screening of sample B2 showed only hydrocarbons but the organic 

carbon content is low and EOX were not present at all (see Table 5 and Table 7). 

The XRF analysis of sample B2 gave aluminium and iron as predominant inorganic components 

and titanium as an important trace element. The material B2 can be seen as a mixture of inorganic 

compounds with uncertain origin but no hints to relevant pesticides can be found. The 

analytic results did not give any hint for an environmental impact of the material residues or any 

exigence for the removal of the material. 

5.3.5 Results for the soil samples (B3 and B4) 

In the soil samples EOX were not detected but organic carbon reached content up to 7.7 % (see 

Table 5). 

In the GC-MS screening the following groups of compounds were identified: Hydrocarbons, 

PAH and phthalates (DBP, DEP, see Table 7). However, no compound was found which could 

be seen as a pesticide. 

In sample B3 one of the relevant compounds found had the molecular formula C15H24 which can 

be described as �-bisabolene (CAS 495-61-4), a terpenoid substance, which occurs as a fragrance 

in many plants and acts as an information substance among insects (pheromone). The 

spectrum match quality for this identification is with 93 % rather high. This compound is insoluble 

in water and can be used as flavor in food (Bedoukian Research, 2008; EC/2002/113). Nevertheless 

the molecular formula C15H24 may have other forms of molecular binding than bisabolene 

resulting in different chemical properties and in only slightly different mass spectra (e.g. �farnesene, 

CAS 18794-84-8; �-cadinene, CAS 39029-41-9; �-gurjunene, CAS 489-40-7; gemacrene 

A, CAS 28387-44-2). Many of these alternative substances with a molecular formula 

C15H24 are terpenes like bisabolene. 

The second relevant organic compound in sample B3 identified by GC-MS screening showed a 

molecular formula C11H12O3 and was assigned to be myristicin (match quality 99 %, CAS 607- 

91-0) which is a phenylpropanoide and is described as an essential constituent of nutmeg oil 

with a small solubility in water. As described before alternative chemical binding of C11H12O3 

may result in different compounds (e.g. carpacin, CAS 23953-63-1; ethyl benzoylacetate, CAS 

94-02-0). 



All these organic compounds identified in the soil material along the railway tracks are not pesticides. 

They can not be quantified and according to the actual knowledge they may not pose any 

hazard to the environment or to man which demand any remediation or mitigation measure. 

5.3.6 Results for the water sample of Sheganit spring (SiS) 

As the on-site measurement of electrical conductivity had shown a low mineralization of the 

spring water was expected which was proven by the laboratory analysis (see Table 3 and Table 

8). Among the cations only calcium and magnesium had a relevant concentration. The concentration 

of anions amounted only to few milligrams. Hydrogen-carbonate might contribute the 

missing fraction in the ion balance but was not analyzed because the sample could not be 

transported refrigerated and a subsequent analysis for this parameter would be misleading. 

Also the values for ammonium, nitrate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) might be lower than 

they would be after a refrigerated transport. 

Table 8: Analysis of water from Syri i Sheganit (sampling 01.09.2008) 

Parameter Dimension Concentration 

aluminium μg/L 50 

cadmium μg/L < 0.3 

chromium μg/L < 2 

copper μg/L < 5 

lead μg/L < 1 

mercury μg/L < 0.1 

nickel μg/L < 2 

zinc μg/L < 5 

DOC mg/L 0.8 

AOX μg/L 10 

DOC concentration and the content of adsorbable organic bound halogens were unobtrusively 

low. Heavy metal concentrations lied below the respective limits of detection (Table 8). 

The quantitative analysis of chlororganics did not reveal any pesticide concentration above the 

limit of quantification of 0.0025 μg/L. The following pesticides were tested: aldrin, o,p-DDT, p,p- 

DDT, o,p-DDE, p,p-DDE, o,p-DDD, p,p-DDD, dieldrin, �-endosulfan, �-endosulfan, hexachlorobenzene, 

�-hexachlorohexane (HCH), �-HCH, �-HCH (lindane), �-HCH, heptachlore, cisheptachlorepoxid, 

trans-heptachlorepoxid, methoxychlor. 

The GC-MS screening of the water did not result in any relevant signal for an organic trace 

compound particularly no hint for any pesticide was given. 



6 CONCLUSIONS AND RISKS 

6.1 Inside the Storehouse 

There are two major storehouses at the Bajza Station. Both storehouses are empty, besides the 

stored chemicals and waste. Figure 22 and the following list shows an overview of the storehouses 

and railway tracks in-between the storehouses. 

� Storehouse 1 with loading ramps left and right, the storehouse is empty and not in use. 

� Railway Track 1 in operation 


� Storehouse 2 with loading ramps left and right, the storehouse is empty and not used. 

o Room 1: empty 

o Room 2: empty, dust and debris on the floor. There is a direct access to Room 3. 

o Room 3: loaded with chemical material/waste, leather rags 

o Room 4: empty. 

Some of the wooden gates to the rooms of the storehouses are missing, others malfunction. 

The gates have direct access to the loading ramps of the storehouse. The storehouses are in a 

poor condition, the roofs of the loading ramps are partially broken, the roof of the storehouse 

could be partially leaky. There is no information about the status of structures of the buildings. 

The station of Bajza is looking forward to use the storehouses in the future. It is unknown if any 

restructuring planning exists. 

The supposed hazardous chemical material/waste is only stored in Storehouse 2, Room 3. As a 

result of the preliminary site investigation it could be detected that the main parts of the stored 

materials are leather waste, e.g. leather rags (shoes production) which are mainly stored loose 

but sometimes packed in plastic bags. The hazardous chemical material was dropped on top of 

the leather waste in front of the two open gates to the Storehouse Room 3. Figure 34 shows an 

overview of the investigated mixture of materials and their position in Room 3. The height of the 

material deposited in this room does not exceed 0.70 m. 

Some material similar to the waste stored in Room 3 could be found outside the Room 3, close 

to the gate to Room 2 as well as at the gate on the left loading ramp. 

It is estimated that almost 80 % of the stored material consists of tanned leather remnants, 

which remained after cutting out pieces for the production of shoes and other leather goods. 

These leather rags pile up to 0.60 m in Room 3. The cuttings are sometimes sacked in woven 

polyester bags. Some of the bags are labeled indicating the former content as vegetal tanning 

agent (acacia bark). Remnants of torn bags are mixed with the leather cuttings. The mass of the 

leather waste in Room 3 is estimated to be approximately 200 t. 



The chemical analyses of the leather waste proved that it had undergone a tanning process with 

mineral salts. By a specific microbiological examination of a representative leather sample the 

occurrence of anthrax spores can be excluded. 

To a less extent (< 20 %) white and a grey powders were found in Room 3. Both powders consist 

of small acicular crystals (size < 0.1 mm) and are often cemented due to infiltrated and 

evaporated humidity. The grey powder seemed to be a soiled variant of the white powder due to 

the contact with the tanned leather and some excremental material (birds, rats etc.). The mass 

relation between white and grey powder is estimated to 80 : 20. Most of the substances are 

sacked to damaged bags several of which are labeled with Na2SiF6, sodium hexafluorosilicate, 

indicating the Albanian origin of the material. As a result of the chemical analyses the material 

can be seen as sodium hexafluoro silicate (Na2SiF6) with a degree of purity exceeding 90 %. 

The mass of the chemical material/waste in Room 3 is estimated to be approximately 80 t. 

In Room 2 with an open access gate to Room 3 dust/debris can be found consisting of plaster 

rubbed off the walls and trickled roof material, remnants of stored hazardous chemical substances 

and some organic material (animal hair, dried animal excrements, charcoal remnants 

etc.) as well as some leather rags were found. The mass of dust in Room 2 is roughly estimated 

to be less than 100 kg. The composition of the dust/debris is characterized by the occurrence of 

asbestos fibers. 

Radioactive material or any remnants of this has not been detected in Storehouse 2 and in the 

surrounding of that building. 

Inside the Storehouse 2 pesticides are not detected. The only compound with biocide properties 

found was sodium hexafluorosilicate. 

The detected waste inside the storehouse is hazardous for human beings when it is inhaled, 

ingested or in contact with the bare skin. The contact with water should be prevented because 

of the acid producing reaction. Therefore the waste should be repacked immediately. Any unauthorized 

access to the waste should be inhibiting. 

The Terms of References for the Bidding Documents for the repackaging of the chemical waste 

in the storehouse, dated 14.11.2008, cover the appropriate handling and protection of the staff 

during repackaging the waste and cleaning procedures of the rooms (see the Annex 4). 

The main constraints for the occupational protection during the cleaning and the repackaging 

procedure are given by the following results: 

� The occurrence of sodium hexafluoro silicate (M1 and M2) in Room 3 of Storehouse 2 

which is a hazardous chemical substance and classified as toxic particularly when it is 

inhaled, ingested or in contact with the bare skin. 

� The occurrence of asbestos fibers in the dust/debris (S1) of Room 2 in Storehouse 2 indicates 

that an inhalation is dangerous. 



� Although the occurrence of anthrax spores in the leather rags (L) was excluded by a 

specific microbiological examination, the repacking of the leather rags should be done 

under appropriate protection of the handling personnel for precautionary reasons however. 

Particular constraints for the repackaging material are posed by the classification of sodium 

hexafluoro silicate (M1 and M2) to UN hazard class 6.1 (UN No. 2674) which has to be complied 

by the used material. 

With the measures described in the Terms of Reference (see the Annex 4), the today open 

stored hazardous waste in the storehouse will be treated for the final disposal. 

The repackaging will last approximately 4 weeks. The budget can roughly be estimated with: 

� Site preparation 45,000 US$ 

� Classification 5,000 US$ 

� Repackaging, Transport and Disposal 260,000 US$ 

� Out of Pocket expenses 20,000 US$ 

� total 330,00 US$ 

6.2 Outside the Storehouse 

Close to the Bajza Station storehouses and at the 2 railway tracks east of the storehouses hazardous 

material has not been detected so far except the grey-white powder in one railway 

wagon (B1) which contains at least remnants of the pesticide tetradifon (UN hazard class 6.1, 

UN No 2761). Neither the soil sampling nor the investigations of other conspicuous material 

(e.g. B2) give any indication to an unacceptable pollution of the environment. Particularly pesticides 

are not found apart from the grey-white powder B1. The B1 material however should be 

recollected and disposed in a safe way. 

As the hydrogeological conditions of the area are determined by the karstic and the coarse 

grained porous aquifer wells - natural karstic or artificial drilled ones - do not exist in the immediate 

vicinity of the Bajza Station. Thus the possible investigation of groundwater in the near 

field of the Station is excluded unless new boreholes and wells are constructed. 

At the moment the investigation of groundwater quality relies on the karstic wells at the Shkodar 

Lake shore line (e.g. Syri i Sheganit). Until now the water sampling and analysis has not revealed 

any conspicuous result or any adverse impact of the Bajza site on the local groundwater 

in a greater distance. Further monitoring of water quality can affirm this finding and is recommended. 



6.3 General conclusions 

Apart from the storehouses and the operation of the Bajza freight station several other activities 

in the immediate vicinity or in the wider surroundings may pose a hazard to environment. Following 

practices have to be mentioned: 

� the supposed diesel fuel storage southwest of the Bajza station (Kuquqi Hill) 

� disperse waste disposal and waste burning in Bajza village and single homesteads in 

the Bajza karst plain 

� infiltration of untreated waste water to the underground at the same places 

� abandoned petrol stations in the surroundings of Bajza village. 

For achieving a concluding regional environmental impact assessment the further investigation 

of the referred activities and an evaluation of their potential impact on the environment will be 

necessary and can not be ignored even for further environmental assessment of the Bajza station. 

Further investigations on the above mentioned topics will contribute to several goals in a sustainable 

development of the Shkodar Lake region, which are among others: 

� Support for the preservation of the wildlife habitat at a Ramsar site. 

� Module to the protection of the regional water resources and the development of an integrated 

water resources management. 

� Enhancement for initiatives which try to mitigate potential environmental hazards by solid 

and liquid waste as well as waste water impact on the water resources of Lake Shkodar. 

The achievement of these goals can be assumed as middle- to long-term tasks. A further strategic 

environmental planning has to be seen beside the immediate rehabilitation of hazards by 

waste storage at the Bajza Station. Recommendations for short- to long-term activities concerning 

environmental hazards in the surroundings of the Bajza station are given in the following 

chapter. 

7 ACTION PLAN 

The following action is recommended in rank of priority: 

Short term action 

1. As seen during the site visitation and sampling process, the storehouses are situated 

in the restricted station area but there is an open access to all rooms. As consequence 

children can play in the dust and loose goats can enter the Storehouses. 

It can be assumed that the asbestos fibers can be found in Storehouse 1, too. It 



should be advised that the open gates to the storehouses must be closed immediately 

in order to confine the access to authorized personnel only. 

2. The repackaging and final disposal of the hazardous materials inside Storehouse 2 

is described in the Terms of References for the Repackaging as well as the collecting 

of the loose residual pesticide material in the railway wagons out side the storehouse. 

The repackaging should be started as soon as possible. 

Long term action 

3. Before a rehabilitation of the storehouses there should be an investigation for hazardous 

construction material. 

4. Groundwater: In order to evaluate the local groundwater quality at the Bajza site 

monitoring wells should be installed (1 in the groundwater upstream and two in the 

groundwater downstream of the railway tracks 3 an 4). To affirm the results on 

groundwater quality a groundwater monitoring program can be recommended. 

5. Soil: It can be assumed that 37 different active organic ingredients of pesticides 

were stored temporarily in rail wagons at the Bajza site. In the soil pesticides have 

not been found so far. In case the groundwater monitoring does not affirm these 

findings an extended soil sampling and investigation program for the railway 

tracks can be recommended. 

8 LITERATURE 

AGS (ALBANIAN GEOLOGICAL SERVICE, 2002): Geology of Albania, Tirana 

BEDOUKIAN RESEARCH (2008): Bisabolene – BRI#828, www.bedoukian.com 

BG CHEMIE (BERUFSGENOSSENSCHAFT DER CHEMISCHEN INDUSTRIE, 1995): Diphenyl-2ethylhexylphosphat, 

Kurzfassung Toxikologische Bewertungen, Nr. 194, 

www.bgchemie.de 

COMPENDIUM OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION OF ALBANIA (2004): Compendium of Environmental 

Legislation of Albania , March 2004, p. 279 

EC (EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, 2002): Commission Decision of 23 January 2002 amending Commission 

Decision 1999/217/EC as regards the register of flavouring substances used in or 

on foodstuffs, Official Journal of the European Communities, L 49 Volume 45 

EFTIMI, R. & TAFILAJ, I. et al., (1985): Hydrogeological Map of Albania, 1 : 200,000, sheet Koplik 

Tirana 

HANEKE, K.E.; CARSON, B.L. (2001): Sodium Hexafluorosilicate [CASRN 16893-85-9] and 

Fluorosilicic Acid [CASRN 16961-83-4] - Review of toxicological literature, Raleigh, North 

Carolina 



HAXHIU, P. & UÇI, A. (1995): The complex geophysical-hydrochemical study of karstic springs at 

Bajza field, Scutari region, Albania.- in: Beck, B.F.; Pearson, F.M. (eds.): Karst Geohazards.- 

Proceedings of the 5th multidisciplinary conference on sinkholes and the engineering 

and environmental impacts of Karst, Gatlinburg, Tennessee.- Balkema, Rotterdam, 

117-123. 

IHM (Institute of Hydrometeorology, 1984): Climate of Albania, Tirana. 

IHM (Institute of Hydrometeorology, 1984): Hydrology of Albania; Tirana 

INSTAT (2001): Population of Albania.- Shkoder. 

IPCS (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY, 1986): Tetradifon, Environmental 

Health Criteria, 67, Geneva 

IPCS (INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY, 1997): Tetradifon, International Occupational 

Safety and Health Information Centre , Data sheet ICSC: 0747, www.ilo.org 

KALAJA, F.&RUDI, N. (1996): The characteristics of karst area of Shkodra.- in: The water a big 

national richness.- (in Albanian) Tirana. 

KÜHN –BIRETT (2008): Natriumhexafluorosilikat, Merkblätter Gefährliche Arbeitsstoffe, N 037, 

ecomed Verlag, Landsberg, FRG 

MEÇO,S.&ALIAJ, S. (2000): Geology of Albania, Stuttgart. 

SAP FOR SKADAR/SHKODRA (2007): LAKE Global Environment Facility (GEF), World Bank 

(WB): LAKE SKADAR/SHKODRA INTEGRATED ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT 

PROJECT: THE STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN (SAP) FOR SKADAR/SHKODRA LAKE, 

ALBANIA & MONTENEGRO, Ministry of Tourism and Environment of Montenegro (MoTE) 

and Ministry of Environment, Forests and Water Administration of Albania (MEFWA), Tirana 

SCHUBERT, R.; FABER, K.; SPAHRKÄS, H.;EITEL, K.; SCHADE, F.; TRÄUBEL, H.; HARMENING,G. 

(1978): Leder.- in: Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie.- 4. Auflage, Bd. 16, 

109-177. 

TOMLIN, C.D.S. (1997): The pesticide manual.- 11 th edition, British Crop Protection Council, 

Farnham, UK, 1606 p.. 

WORLD BANK (IBRD) (2006): Lake Shkoder Transboundary Diagnostics Analysis, Albania & 

Montenegro; Final Report: Main Document 9P6515 

MonTec GmbH 

Duisburg, Germany 30 November 2008 

Dr. Bernd Vels Nikolaus Lindert 

Managing Director Project Manager 



Annex 1: List of Samples 

short 

Nr. 

name 

description location 

material colour analytical procedure 

1 M1 material 1 SH 2, R 3 powder white XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS, density 

analysis 

2 M2 material 2 SH 2, R 3 powder grey XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

3 L leather SH 2, R 3 leather brown microbiology, HM after water 

extraction, GC-MS 

4 S1 dust 1 SH 2, R 2 solid grey XRF, TOC, EOX, asbestos, GC-MS 

5 S2 dust 2 SH 2, R 1 + 4 solid grey XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

6 B1 railway-waggon 1 cf. Fig. 38 powder greywhite XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

7 B2 railway-waggon 2 cf. Fig. 38 mudstone? red XRF, TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

8 B3 railway 3, soil cf. Fig. 38 W soil greybrown TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

9 B4 railway 4, soil cf. Fig. 38 E soil greybrown TOC, EOX, GC-MS 

10 SiS water Syri i Sheganit water chloroorganic pesticides, GC-MS, Ca, 

Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO4, NO3, NH4, DOC, 

HM, AOX, 

AOX – adsorbable organic halogens (water) 

DOC – dissolved organic carbon 

EOX – extractable organic halogens (solids) 

GC-MS – screening test with gas chromatography and 

mass-selective detection after extraction with solvents of different polarity (methanol, hexane) 

HM – heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn) 

TOC – total organic carbon 

R - room 

SH - storehouse 

XRF – X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy 



Annex 2: List of Results for each Sample 

Nr. 1 

short name M1 

description material 1 

location Storehouse 2, Room 3 

material powder 

colour white 

Parameter Dimension Result Method LOQ CAS-RN 

TOC [%] 0.09 DIN ISO 10694 0.1 

EOX [mg/kg] < 1 DIN 38414 S17 1 

XRF Na [g/kg] 262,5 XRF, mp 

Mg [g/kg] 0,2 XRF, mp 

Al [g/kg] 5,2 XRF, mp 

Si [g/kg] 143,5 XRF, mp 

P [g/kg] 0,1 XRF, mp 

S [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 

Cl [g/kg] 0,3 XRF, cm 

K [g/kg] 0,4 XRF, mp 

Ca [g/kg] 0,4 XRF, mp 

Ti [g/kg] 0,04 XRF, mp 

V [g/kg] 0,004 XRF, cm 

Cr [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 

Mn [g/kg] 0,0 XRF, mp 

Fe [g/kg] 0,3 XRF, mp 

Co [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 

Ni [g/kg] 0,02 XRF, cm 

Cu [g/kg] 0,01 XRF, cm 

Zn [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 

Rb [g/kg] 0,01 XRF, cm 

Sr [g/kg] 0,01 XRF, cm 

Y [g/kg] 0,001 XRF, cm 

Zr [g/kg] 0,02 XRF, cm 

Nb [g/kg] 0,001 XRF, cm 

Ba [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 

Pb [g/kg] 0,004 XRF, cm 

U [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 

GC-MS DBP positive GC-MS, hexane 84-74-2 

DEHP positive GC-MS, hexane 117-81-7 

DBP positive GC-MS, methanol 84-74-2 

DEHP positive GC-MS, methanol 117-81-7 

Remarks: GC-MS screening: qualitative analytical determination 

No other peaks in the GC-MS screening 




Nr. 2 

short name M2 

description material 2 



colour grey 


TOC [%] 2.0 DIN ISO 10694 0.1 

EOX [mg/kg] < 1 DIN 38414 S17 1 






S [g/kg] 7,3 XRF, cm 





V [g/kg] 0,01 XRF, cm 

Cr [g/kg] 0,06 XRF, cm 



Co [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 



Zn [g/kg] 0,06 XRF, cm 



Y [g/kg] 0,002 XRF, cm 



Ba [g/kg] 0,06 XRF, cm 


U [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 






No other peaks in the GC-MS screening 




Nr. 3 

short name L 

description leather 


material leather 

colour brown 


S4 Al [mg/L] 2.06 EN ISO 11885 0.01 

Cr [mg/L] 1.48 EN ISO 11885 0.002 

Hg [μg/L] 1.60 EN ISO 1483 0.1 

Ni [μg/L] 19.00 EN ISO 11885 2 

Remarks: after elution with demineralised water DIN 38414 - S4 

solid to liquid ratio 1 : 10 


Octicizer positive GC-MS, hexane 1241-94-7 


Octicizer positive GC-MS, methanol 1241-94-7 


No other relevant peaks in the GC-MS screening 

Octicizer - 2-ethyl-hexyl-diphenyl-phosphate 

Microbiology Bacillus anthracis negative cultivation 

Bacillus anthracis negative PCR 

Remarks: PCR - limit of detection: 20 spores/g 

LOQ - limit of quantification 

PCR - Polymerase chain reaction 




Nr. 4 

short name S1 

description dust 1 


material solid 

colour grey 


TOC [%] 3.0 DIN ISO 10694 0.1 

EOX [mg/kg] < 1 DIN 38414 S17 1 






S [g/kg] 7,533 XRF, cm 





V [g/kg] 0,095 XRF, cm 




Co [g/kg] 0,009 XRF, cm 






Y [g/kg] 0,01 XRF, cm 





U [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 



PAH positive GC-MS, hexane 

DDP positive GC-MS, methanol 


DEP positive GC-MS, methanol 

PAH positive GC-MS, methanol 



PAH - several single compounds 

asbestos asbestos positive REM/EDXA 

type of asbestos chrysotile FT-IR 

cm - compression moulding 

FT-IR - Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy 


mp - melting procedure 

REM/ EDXA - Raster Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis 




Nr. 5 

short name S2 

description dust 2 

location Storehouse 2, R 1 + 4 

material solid 

colour grey 


TOC [%] 3.1 DIN ISO 10694 0.1 

EOX [mg/kg] < 1 DIN 38414 S17 1 






S [g/kg] 15,447 XRF, cm 





V [g/kg] 0,134 XRF, cm 










Y [g/kg] 0,012 XRF, cm 





U [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 



PAH positive GC-MS, hexane 





phenol positive GC-MS, methanol 










Nr. 6 

short name B1 

description railway-waggon 1 

location cf. Fig. 38 


colour greywhite 


TOC [%] 40.4 DIN ISO 10694 0.1 

EOX [mg/kg] 22 DIN 38414 S17 1 






S [g/kg] 8,9 XRF, cm 















Y [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 


Nb [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 



U [g/kg] 0,008 XRF, cm 


Tetradifon positive GC-MS, hexane 116-29-0 


Tetradifon positive GC-MS, methanol 116-29-0 



Tetradifon - 4-chlorphenyl-2,4,5-trichlorphenyl sulfone 







Nr. 7 

short name B2 

description railway-waggon 2 

location cf. Fig. 38 

material mudstone? 

colour red 


TOC [%] 0.34 DIN ISO 10694 0.1 

EOX [mg/kg] < 1 DIN 38414 S17 1 

XRF Na [g/kg] 0.1 XRF, mp 





S [g/kg] 0,031 XRF, cm 

Cl [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 










Cu [g/kg] < 0,005 XRF, cm 




Y [g/kg] 0,085 XRF, cm 





U [g/kg] 0,002 XRF, cm 

GC-MS Hydrocarbons positive GC-MS, hexane 

Hydrocarbons positive GC-MS, methanol 









Nr. 8 

short name B3 

description railway 3, soil 

location cf. Fig. 38 W 

material soil 

colour greybrown 


TOC [%] 7.7 DIN ISO 10694 0.1 

EOX [mg/kg] < 1 DIN 38414 S17 1 


bisabolene positive GC-MS, methanol 495-61-4 

myristicin positive GC-MS, methanol 607-91-0 



bisabolene - C15H24 

myristicin - C11H12O3 





Nr. 9 

short name B4 

description railway 4, soil 

location cf. Fig. 38 E 

material soil 

colour greybrown 


TOC [%] 6.2 DIN ISO 10694 0.1 

EOX [mg/kg] < 1 DIN 38414 S17 1 












Nr. 10 

short name SiS 

description water 

location Syri i Sheganit 

material water 

colour colourless 

Parameter Dimension Result Method LOQ 

el. conductivity μS/cm 267 EN 27888 

pH-value - 7,79 DIN 38404-5 

sodium mg/L 2 EN ISO 14911 2 

potassium mg/L < 1 EN ISO 14911 1 

calcium mg/L 44 EN ISO 14911 1 

magnesium mg/L 7.2 EN ISO 14911 0.1 

ammonium mg/L 0.07 EN ISO 14911 0.05 

chloride mg/L 3 DIN EN ISO 1034-1 1 

sulphate mg/L 5 DIN EN ISO 1034-1 1 

nitrate mg/L 3.2 DIN EN ISO 1034-1 0.5 

aluminium μg/L 50 EN ISO 11885 10 

cadmium μg/L < 0.3 EN ISO 5961 0.3 

chromium μg/L < 2 EN ISO 11885 2 

copper μg/L < 5 EN ISO 11885 5 

lead μg/L < 1 DIN 38406 Teil 6 1 

mercury μg/L < 0.1 EN ISO 1483 0.1 

nickel μg/L < 2 EN ISO 11885 2 

zinc μg/L < 5 EN ISO 11885 5 

DOC mg/L 0.8 DIN EN 1484 0.5 

AOX μg/L 10 EN ISO 9562 5 

Remarks: conductivity - field measurement 

pH-value - laboratory measurement 

chlororganic Hexachlorbenzol (HCB) [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN 38407 F2 0.0025 

pesticides Aldrin [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

o,p-DDD [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

p,p-DDD [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

o,p-DDE [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

p,p-DDE [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

o,p-DDT [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

p,p-DDT [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

Dieldrin [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

alpha-Endosulfan [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

beta-Endosulfan [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

Endrin [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

alpha-HCH [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN 38407 F2 0.0025 

beta-HCH [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN 38407 F2 0.0025 

gamma-HCH (Lindan) [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN 38407 F2 0.0025 

delta-HCH [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN 38407 F2 0.0025 

Heptachlor [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

cis-Heptachlorepoxid [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

trans-Heptachlorepoxid [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

Methoxychlor [μg/L] < 0.0025 DIN EN ISO 11369 F12 0.0025 

GC-MS GC-MS screening: qualitative analytical determination 

Remarks: No relevant peaks in the GC-MS screening 




Annex 3: List of presumable pesticides in the "pesticide train" 

Presumable organic pesticides in the "pesticide train" 1992 

which are included in the GS-MS screening by an entry in one of the used spectra libraries 

Nr. 

common name 

active ingredient 

chemical name 

CAS-RN synonym 

1 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid 94-75-7 

2 2,4,5-T (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid 93-76-5 

3 Ametryn N-ethyl-N-isopropyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamime 834-12-8 

4 Azocyclotin tri(cyclohexyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yltin 41083-11-8 

5 Bromuron N-(4-bromphenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea 3408-97-7 

6 Bronopol 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 52-51-7 

7 Camphechlor chlorinated camphenes 8001-35-2 Toxaphene 

8 Carbaryl 1-naphthyl-carbamate 63-25-2 

9 Carbendazim methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate 10605-21-7 

10 Chlorfenvinphos 2-chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)vinyl diethyl phosphate 470-90-6 

11 Chlorpropham isoprppyl 3 -chlorocarbanilate 101-21-3 CIPC 

12 Dazomet 3,5-dimethyl-1,3,5-thiadiazinane-2-thione 533-74-4 

13 Dichlorvos 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate 62-73-7 

14 Dicofol 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol 115-32-2 

15 DNOC 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol 534-52-1 

16 Fenazox Azoxybenzene 495-48-7 

17 Lindan 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane 608-73-1 �-HCH 

18 Methoxychlor 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane 72-43-5 

19 Metiram zinc ammoniate ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) 9006-42-2 

20 Maleic Hydrazide 6-hydroxy-2H-pyridazin-3-one 123-33-1 

21 Naled 1,2-dibromo-2,2-dichloroethyl dimethyl phosphate 300-76-5 

22 Nitrofen 2,4-dichlorophenyl 4-nitrophenyl ether 1836-75-5 

23 Parathion-methyl O,O-dimethyl O-4 Nitrophenyl phosphorothioate 298-00-0 

24 Prometryn N,N-di-isopropyl-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine 7287-19-6 

25 Propham isopropyl phenylcarbamate 122-42-9 

26 Simazin 6-chloro-N,N-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine 122-34-9 

27 Tetradifon 4-chlorophenyl 2,4,5-trichlorphenyl sulfone 116-29-0 

28 Thiram tetramethylthiuram disulfide 137-26-8 

29 Trichlorfon dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethylphosphonate 52-68-6 

Presumable organic pesticides in the "pesticide train" 1992 

which are not included in the GS-MS screening by an entry in one of the used spectra libraries 

Nr. 

common name 

active ingredient 

chemical name 

CAS-RN synonym 

30 Chinomethionat S,S-(6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-diyl) dithiocarbonate 2439-01-2 

31 Lenacil 3-cyclohexyl-1,5,6,7-tetrahydrocyclopentapyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione 2164-08-1 

32 Metham sodium 

Methylmercury 

methyldithiocarbamic acid 144-54-7 

33 toluenesulphamide 102280-93-3 

34 PMA phenylmercury acetate 62-38-4 

35 Proximpham O-(N-phenylcarbamoyl)-propanonoxim 2828-42-4 

36 Trichlordinitrobenzene 1,3,4-trichloro-2,6-dinitrobenzene 2678-21-9 

37 Zineb zinc ethylenebis(ithiocarbamate) 12122-67-7 



Annex 4 

Terms of References for the Bidding Documents 

for the repackaging of the chemical waste in the 

storehouse

Terms of References 

for 

Repackaging, Treatment und Disposal of Hazardous 

Chemicals at Bajza Railway Station - Bajza Hot-Spot - 

Albania 

Table of Contents Page 

1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 2 

2 SCOPE OF WORK........................................................................................................... 4 

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE STOREHOUSE AND THE CHEMICAL WASTE .......... 4 

3.1 Storehouse........................................................................................................................... 4 

3.2 Chemical Waste / Waste in the Storehouse 2...................................................................... 6 

3.3 Pesticides outside the Storehouse in an abandoned wagon................................................. 9 

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS............................................................................... 10 

4.1 Public Safety & Site Security - Fencing ........................................................................... 10 

4.1.1 Specifications................................................................................................................. 10 

4.1.2 Performance Criteria ...................................................................................................... 11 

4.2 Working Program and Site Preparation ............................................................................ 11 



4.3 Classification and Repackaging of Waste......................................................................... 12 



4.4 Collecting of leftovers of pesticides in abandoned wagons at track 4 .............................. 13 



4.5 Transportation and Trans-frontier Shipment of Waste ..................................................... 14 



4.6 Final Disposal of the Waste .............................................................................................. 15 



4.7 Site Cleaning Up and Take-over by the Contracting Authority........................................ 15 



5 THE CONTRACTORS KEY PERSONNEL............................................................... 16 

5.1 General experience............................................................................................................ 16 

5.2 Key Personnel ................................................................................................................... 16 

6 ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY.................... 17 

6.1 Occupational Health and Safety........................................................................................ 17 



6.2 Protection of the Environment .......................................................................................... 17 



ToR Repackaging Bajza Page 1 of 20

6.3 Emergency Preparedness and Response ........................................................................... 18 



7 REPORTING .................................................................................................................. 18 

7.1 Daily Reporting................................................................................................................. 18 

7.2 Weekly Reporting .............................................................................................................18 

7.3 Final Report ...................................................................................................................... 18 

8 FACILITIES TO BE PROVIDED FOR THE PROJECT MANAGER.................... 19 

8.1 Specifications.................................................................................................................... 19 

8.2 Performance Criteria.........................................................................................................19 

9 ANCILLARY CONDITIONS........................................................................................ 19 

9.1 Duration of assignment ..................................................................................................... 19 

9.2 Duty station....................................................................................................................... 19 

9.3 Submission of application................................................................................................. 19 

Table of Figures Page 

Figure 1: Overview of the storehouses and railway tracks.............................................................. 5 

Figure 2: Overview of Storehouse 2, Room 3 ................................................................................. 7 

Figure 3: Leftover of pesticides in an abandoned railway wagon on track 4 .................................. 9 

Figure 4: Overview of the abandoned wagons on the tracks and the location of the wagon 

with the leftover of the pesticides .................................................................................. 10 

Annex: Price Schedule 

1 BACKGROUND 

Environmental issues have not been amongst the top national priorities in the Western 

Balkans. Understandably, priorities to date have focused on the reforms needed to 

strengthen security, to rebuild the economy and to improve general living conditions. 

As a result, much-needed investment in environmental infrastructure such as wastewater 

treatment, air-pollution abatement and monitoring, and industrial and communal waste 

management are still waiting their turn. Clearly, this is a situation that raises humanitarian, 

social, economic and environmental concerns. 

In addition, a number of industrial towns and regions face a complex challenge of past 

industrial development and pollution legacy and the need to generate economic growth for 

the future. The environmental situation in these hot spots is a direct cause of poor health 

and related poverty and presents a major barrier to future investments and related economic 

opportunities for the local population. On one hand they face the requirements for 

environmental clean up and on the other hand they are struggling with problems of poverty, 

lack of infrastructure and services and lack of prospects for the young generations. 


UNEP commissioned studies in 2000 1 and 2006 2 revealed that many of these closed 

industrial sites pose serious risks to human health and the surrounding environment. 

Many of these environmental hotspots identified by the Ministry of Environment, Forestry 

and Water Management pose risks not only to the environment in Albania but to the whole 

Balkan region. Such trans-boundary impacts include increased mercury residues in the sea 

and the sea-biota close to the Vlora PVC plant, ground and surface water contamination by 

arsenic and chromium around the mining tailing areas and their eventual discharge to 

Adriatic sea or to trans-boundary lakes like Ohrid and Shkoder. In addition, 

mismanagement of outdated pesticides and other chemicals in watershed areas such as 

trans-boundary Shkoder lake and Lunja river in Lushnja poses serious risks of 

contaminating internationally important wetlands and lakes. 

Bajza is the last railway station in Albania before the frontier with Montenegro, so its acts 

as a customs control point. There is no passenger traffic, but two freight trains pass through 

daily with approximately 10,000 t of freight being handled each month. The station is 

located at the shore of trans-boundary Shkoder (Skadar) Lake – the largest lake on the 

Balkan Peninsula that both Albania and Montenegro have officially designated as a crossborder 

protected area of Shkoder/Skader Lake together with Buna/Bojana River. In 

addition, with the designation of the Albanian part of the Shkoder (Skader) Lake and Buna 

(Bojana) River as a Ramsar site the entire lake is now included in the Ramsar list. 

During the early 1990s hazardous chemical waste (old pesticides) was exported to Albania 

by train. Most of the hazardous waste could be shipped back, but part of the load was 

discharged at the platforms and/or is still stored at Bajza station. Still there are 

chemicals/materials stored in one of the storehouses of the station and no record about the 

contents and their origin exists. 

That poses a variety of potential health risks to human beings and various impacts to the 

environment, e.g.: 

� Risks to human beings from toxic and carcinogenic substances 

� Damages to the soil and groundwater resources 

� Risks entailed by the clean-up activities themselves, e.g. additional release of 

contaminants. 

The umbrella program “Strengthening capacities in the Western Balkan countries to 

address environmental hot spots through an integrated approach” aims to: 

� Strengthen regional co-operation in the Western Balkan to solve problems of cross 

border contamination due to industrial and mining activities, and 

� Increase capacity of the national and local governments in the Western Balkan to 

implement environmental policies and sustainable development in accordance with 

EU standards. 

1 In 2000 UNEP had carried out “Post-Conflict Environmental Assessment Albania” with the support 

from the Dutch government. The rapid assessment identified five “environmental hotspot” that require 

urgent attention in order to halt dangerous risks to human health and the surrounding environment and 

four other sites that have serious environmental problems. 

2 In 2006 UNEP has also updated the “Mining Desk Assessment” as a part of the ADA supported 

program “Improving regional cooperation for risk management from pollution hotspots as well as transboundary 

management of shared natural resources”. 


In order to achieve the overall objectives set by the regional program, Albania will aim to 

achieve the following outputs that are translated from the regional program component 

outputs: 

1. Full clean up and site assessment/remediation of stockpile of toxic or harmful 

chemicals at Bajza railway station, Shkoder, enabling the local government and 

Bajza railway station to fully utilize the rehabilitated storehouse and improve 

sustainable development in the area; 

2. Strengthen the mechanisms of good governance and policy integration at central 

and local level; 

3. Strengthen and mobilize the national capacity for policy development, integration, 

implementation and evaluation at the national and regional level. 

The stored chemicals were investigated, balanced and identified by an international 

consultancy team in September 2008 in the framework of a preliminary site assessment. 

2 SCOPE OF WORK 

The scope of work will cover all activities related to the 

1. Preparation of a clean and safe working place in the storehouse, 

2. safe repackaging of the hazardous chemicals and waste in the storehouse and some 

leftover pesticides in an abandoned wagon outside using packages which allow a 

3. safe transport of the waste material to a final disposal. 

The activities of the Contractor will be technically supervised by the Contracting Authority 

or its representative (the Project Manager). 

3 DESCRIPTION OF THE STOREHOUSE AND THE CHEMICAL 

WASTE 

3.1 Storehouse 

There are two major storehouses at the Bajza Station. Both storehouses are empty, besides 

the stored chemicals and waste. Figure 1 and the following list shows an overview of the 

storehouses and railway tracks with the definition of object denotation used in this project. 

� Storehouse 1 with loading ramps left and right, the storehouse is empty and not in 

use. There is a truck access to the left ramp and train access to the right ramp. 



� Storehouse 2 with loading ramps left and right, the storehouse is empty and not 

used. There is a truck access to the left ramp and train access to the right ramp. 


o Room 2: empty, dust and debris on the floor. There is a direct access to 

Room 3. 

o Room 3: loaded with chemical material/waste, leather rags 



The wooden gates to the rooms in the storehouses are 2.35 m wide and 2.85 m high. Some 

doors are missing, others malfunction. The gates have direct access to the loading ramps of 

the storehouse. 

Figure 1: Overview of the storehouses and railway tracks 


The storehouses are in a poor condition, the roofs of the loading ramps are partially broken, 

the roof of the storehouse could be partially leaky. 

There is no information about the status of structures of the buildings. 

The usage of fork-lifts seems to be possible. The Contractor is responsible for the usage of 

machinery on site. 

The station of Bajza is looking forward to use the storehouses in the future. It is unknown if 

any restructuring planning exists. 

3.2 Chemical Waste / Waste in the Storehouse 2 

The supposed hazardous chemical material/waste is only stored in Storehouse 2, Room 3. 

As a result of the preliminary site investigation, it could be detected, that the main parts of 

the stored materials are leather waste, e.g. leather rags (shoes production) which are mainly 

stored loose but sometimes packed in plastic bags. The supposed hazardous chemical 

material was dropped on top of the leather waste in front of the two open gates to the 

Storehouse Room 3. Figure 2 shows an overview of the investigated mixture of materials 

and their position in Room 3. 

The height of the material deposited in this room does not exceed 0.70 m. 

Some material similar to the waste stored in Room 3 could be found outside the Room 3, 

close to the gate to Room 2 as well as at the gate on the left loading ramp. The removal and 

repackaging of these marginal deposits or leftovers are also part of the contract. 

It is estimated that almost 80 % of the stored material consists of tanned leather remnants, 

which remained after cutting out pieces for the production of shoes and other leather goods. 

These leather rags pile up to 0.60 m in Room 3. The cuttings are sometimes sacked in 

woven polyester bags. Some of the bags are labelled indicating the former content as 

vegetal tanning agent (acacia bark). Remnants of torn bags are mixed with the leather 

cuttings. 

The mass of the leather waste in Room 3 is estimated to be approximately 200 t. 

The chemical analyses of the leather waste proved that it had undergone a tanning process 

with mineral salts. Residues of the mineral tanning agents like chromium or aluminum may 

be leached by seepage water after a final deposition in a landfill. An additional treatment 

with vegetal tanning agents can not be excluded. By a specific microbiological examination 

of a representative leather sample the occurrence of anthrax spores can be excluded. For 

precautionary reasons however, the repacking of the leather rags should be done under 

appropriate protection of the handling personnel. Hazardous substances in the leather waste 

may be present subordinately as a disperse distribution of the stored chemical 

material/waste and trickled roof material may occur. 


Figure 2: Overview of Storehouse 2, Room 3 


To a less extent (< 20 %) white and a grey powders were found in Room 3. Both powders 

consist of small acicular crystals (size < 0.1 mm) and are often cemented due to infiltrated 

and evaporated humidity. The grey powder seemed to be a soiled variant of the white 

powder due to the contact with the tanned leather and some excremental material (birds, 

rats etc.). The mass relation between white and grey powder is estimated to 80 : 20. Most of 

the substances are sacked to damaged bags several of which are labeled with Na2SiF6, 

sodium hexafluorosilicate, indicating the Albanian origin of the material. 

The mass of the chemical material/waste in Room 3 is estimated to be approximately 80 t. 

As a result of the chemical analyses the chemical material/waste can be seen as sodium 

hexafluoro silicate (Na2SiF6) with a degree of purity exceeding 90 %. 

EG-Number: 240-934-8 

CAS-Number: 16893-85-9 

Kühn/Birett Nr.: N 037 

This inorganic fluorine compound is a hazardous chemical substance which is classified as 

toxic particularly when it is inhaled, ingested or in contact with the bare skin during 

working processes. Repackaging requires appropriate protection of the concerned 

personnel. 

Packaging UN and IBC Portable tanks 3 

1 UN No. 2674 

2 Name and description SODIUM 

FLUOROSILICATE 

3 Class or division 6.1 

4 Subsidiary risk 

5 UN packing group III 

6 Special provisions 

7 Limited quantities 5 kg 

8 Packing and IBC's - Packing instruction P002, IBC08, LP02 

9 Packing and IBC's - Special provisions B3 

10 Portable tanks - Portable tank instruction 

11 Portable tanks - Portable tank special provisions 

In Room 2 with an open access gate to Room 3 dust/debris can be found consisting of 

plaster rubbed off the walls and trickled roof material, remnants of stored hazardous 

chemical substances and some organic material (animal hair, dried animal excrements, 

charcoal remnants etc.) as well as some leather rags were found. The mass of dust in Room 

2 is roughly estimated to be less than 100 kg. 

The composition of the dust/debris is characterized by the occurrence of asbestos fibers 

and remnants of the hazardous chemical substances as described above which requires also 

an appropriate handling and protection of the staff during cleaning procedure of the Room 

2. 

3 

Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS, Model Regulations Twelfth 

revised edition, UNITED NATIONS , 

http://www.unece.org/trans/danger/publi/unrec/English/Recommend.pdf 


Radioactive material or any remnants of this has not been detected in Storehouse 2 and in 

the surrounding of that building. 

3.3 Pesticides outside the Storehouse in an abandoned wagon 

In all the abandoned railway wagons on track 3 and track 4 the floor was made of wood 

that had been torn out and only the basic steel girder construction is visible. At one point at 

track 4 a grey-white powder, identified as leftover of pesticides was found in a wagon, see 

figure 3. 

Figure 3: Leftover of pesticides in an abandoned railway wagon on track 4 

The material could be identified as (DEHP, DBP) and a pesticide, tetradifon. The common 

name tetradifon stands for 4-chlorphenyl 2,4,5-trichlorphenyl sulfone (C12H6Cl4O2S, CAS 

116-29-0) which is an acaricide agent. It is classified as a harmful substance which can be 

toxic to aquatic organisms and it pose also a risk if it is inhaled as particle from dust. The 

mass can be estimated with approximately 10 kg. 


Figure 4: Overview of the abandoned wagons on the tracks and the location of the wagon 

with the leftover of the pesticides 

4 DESCRIPTION OF THE WORKS 

4.1 Public Safety & Site Security - Fencing 

4.1.1 Specifications 

The Contractor shall estimate how much space he will need in order to carry out the works 

in a safe manner. He shall take possession of the site as it appears at the time of the site 

visit. 


The Contractor shall establish a fence around the required working site in order to carry out 

the work without interference from unauthorized visitors. 

4.1.2 Performance Criteria 

The Contractor shall as the first works activity install a fence in order to prevent 

unauthorized entrance to the site during the works period. The Contractor shall furthermore 

install an information board at the gate of the fence in Albanian and English language and 

ensure that the fence is adequately signed and marked indicating the restricted access for 

authorized personnel only. 

The fence shall be provided with a number of emergency exit points (see paragraph 6.3 

below). 

4.2 Working Program and Site Preparation 


The Contractor shall include a preliminary program in his bid. The preliminary program 

shall describe the general methods, arrangements, order, and timing for all works activities. 

The preliminary program shall be consolidated, detailed at the commencement of the work 

and consulted with the ordering party. 

The Contractor shall prepare on basis of the preliminary program a final work program to 

be approved by the Contracting Authority or his representative (the Project Manager). 

The required working zones and the foreseen temporary storage area have to been cleaned 

(decontaminated) according to the process of activities and the occupational safety 

regulations. 


The Contractor shall in his bid describe how he intends to prepare and manage the site. 

The preliminary program shall therefore include a site map (scale 1: 200) showing the 

fenced site, and describe the following issues (list is not exhaustive): 

Site Plan: 

1. Entrance facilities and sluice arrangements, signposts 

2. Safety zones 

3. Internal roads and parking, illumination 

4. Staff, office and laboratory facilities 

5. Existing buildings and structures 

6. Working zones (clean/contaminated) 

7. De-contamination facilities for personnel 

Working methodology: 

8. Contaminated building materials and debris, grabbing and separation the waste 

material, repackaging, temporary storage areas, treatment, transport and final 

disposal 

Management Plans: 


9. Repackaging, logistics and cleaning activities, see also paragraph 4.3 below 

10. Occupational Health and Safety Planning, see also paragraph 6.1, below 

11. Protection of the Environment, see also paragraph 6.2 below 

12. Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning, see also paragraph 6.3 below 

Time Schedule: 

13. Overall time schedule 

The preliminary program shall describe what kind of packing material the Contractor will 

provide and how long the repacked material can be temporally stored in the foreseen area. 

The preliminary program shall furthermore take care about the provision of water supply, 

electricity and telecommunication which is in the responsibility of the contractor. The 

station can provide water supply and electricity considering the temporary local 

breakdowns. The program should describe how he will dispose of waste water and solid 

waste from staff, office and laboratory facilities. 

The final working program has to fulfill the above mentioned criteria. 

The Contractor must ensure that the occupational safety requirements are at all times met 

according to national and international regulations. Proof for decontamination of the 

different rooms and areas and compliance to occupational safety requirements are air 

quality measurements i.e. for asbestos fibers. 

4.3 Classification and Repackaging of Waste 


The Contractor shall as part of his offer identify and provide all personnel, equipment, 

tools, repacking materials etc. required for the classification and repackaging operation. 

The Contractor shall repackage the waste in order to ensure safe transport to the temporary 

storage on-site and furthermore to a final disposal destination. The Contractor must 

calculate that all amounts of waste shall be repackaged, as the existing packaging has 

deteriorated in time. Empty and emptied packaging materials shall be disposed as well. 

The Contractor shall classify the waste for the appropriate repackaging, temporary storage 

and final disposal. The Contractor shall therefore develop a classification procedure to be 

approved by the Contracting Authority or his representative (the Project Manager). 

The waste is - as described above - located inside Room 3 of Storehouse 2. The Contractor 

shall take into consideration, that the buildings are contaminated by the waste stored in 

them. 

Room 2 of Storehouse 2 has an open access gate to Room 3. The room has enough space 

for repacking, decontamination and storing of the repacked material. The Contractor shall 

take into consideration, that the buildings are contaminated by the waste stored in them (see 

also Paragraph 3.2 above). 

The rooms shall be decontaminated and sealed at the end of the site works as part of this 

tender. 


In case of the needs out the working program the Contractor must establish designated 

storage areas for repackaged materials waiting for latter transport to a final disposal. 


The Contractor shall as part of his offer submit a waste classification strategy. 

The Contractor shall at the latest 6 (six) weeks after agreement and minimum 2 (two) 

weeks before the repackaging activities start submitting his classification procedure to the 

Project Manager for approval. The procedure shall describe in detail the waste classes, the 

sampling and analyses procedures, and repackaging and disposal. 

The Contractor shall deliver all packaging materials necessary. All containers used for 

repackaging shall be UN certified and comply with the ADR of 2005 4. The containers used 

for repackaging shall be selected in a way to avoid any additional repackaging for a safe 

transport to the disposal facility/-ies. 

The Contractor shall specify as a part of his offer the type and amount of containers he will 

use for repackaging of the different classes of waste. All empty original packaging material 

- if it is possible to separate - shall also be repacked in adequate containers to the final 

disposal site. 

Each container shall be registered with respect to its contents and weight and every single 

container shall be labeled according to the relevant regulations, using the correspondent 

UN/ADR identification codes. The registry shall be available on site for the Project 

Manager at all times. The net weight of the hazardous waste including old packaging 

material but excluding new packaging material shall be the basis of the payment per ton in 

the Bill of Quantity. 

All repackaging activities shall be performed inside the fenced area in designated zones, i.e. 

inside the Storehouse 2. If the repackaging is planned to take place outside the storage 

buildings, the Contractor shall describe in his offer how he will ensure that no secondary 

contamination of the soil and surface- and/or ground water can take place. In case there is a 

need the Contractor shall present design criteria for all temporary storage activities in his 

program. 

4.4 Collecting of leftovers of pesticides in abandoned wagons at track 4 


The Contractor shall collect and repackage the leftovers of pesticides in the abandoned 

wagon at railway track 4 in order to ensure safe transport to the temporary storage on-site 

and furthermore to a final disposal destination. 

The Contractor shall classify the waste for the appropriate repackaging, temporary storage 

and final disposal. The Contractor shall therefore develop a classification procedure to be 

approved by the Contracting Authority or his representative (the Project Manager). 

4 

European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). Albania has 

acceded the Agreement on January 26 th , 2005. 



The Contractor shall as part of his offer submit a waste classification strategy. 

The Contractor shall at the latest 6 (six) weeks after agreement and minimum 2 (two) 

weeks before the repackaging activities start submitting his classification procedure to the 

Project Manager for approval. The procedure shall describe in detail the waste classes, the 

sampling and analyses procedures, and repackaging and final disposal. 

The Contractor shall deliver all packaging materials necessary. All containers used for 

repackaging shall be UN certified and comply with the ADR of 2005 5. The containers used 

for repackaging shall be selected in a way to avoid any additional repackaging for a safe 

transport to the disposal facility/-ies. 

The Contractor shall specify as a part of his offer the type and amount of containers he will 

use for repackaging of the waste. 

Each container shall be registered with respect to its contents and weight and every single 

container shall be labeled according to the relevant regulations, using the correspondent 

UN/ADR identification codes. The registry shall be available on site for the Project 

Manager at all times. The net weight of the hazardous waste excluding new packaging 

material shall be the basis of the payment per ton in the Bill of Quantity. 

The Contractor shall describe in his offer how he will ensure that no secondary 

contamination of the soil and surface- and/or ground water can take place during the 

collection process. 

4.5 Transportation and Trans-frontier Shipment of Waste 


The Contractor is responsible for the loading and transport of the repackaged waste to the 

final disposal destination(s). The waste may be transported by road, rail and/or ship and in 

accordance with the national and international legislation and rules for transport of 

dangerous goods. The net weight of the hazardous waste including old packaging material 

but excluding new packaging material shall be the basis of the payment per ton in the Bill 

of Quantity. 


The Contractor shall be aware of the regulation in force in Albania and in other 

countries of transport. He shall apply the necessary procedures for transboundary 

transport of dangerous materials, and respect designated routes and needed 

documentation. 

The Contractor shall in his time schedule allocate sufficient time for the necessary 

processing of applications of international and national transportation of dangerous 

goods. 

5 

European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR). Albania has 

acceded the Agreement on January 26 th , 2005. 


The Contractor shall after consultation with the appropriate national and international 

authorities describe the route of transportation from the site to the final disposal 

destination(s). The route planning with copies of the approved transport documentation 

shall be submitted to the Project Manager at least one week before the transport shall 

begin. 

4.6 Final Disposal of the Waste 


The Contractor shall destruct and/or neutralise the waste with appropriate method(s) at a 

facility inside the European Union. The net weight of the hazardous waste including old 

packaging material but excluding new packaging material shall be the basis of the payment 

per ton in the Bill of Quantity. 


The Contractor shall in his offer propose destruction/neutralisation procedures and methods 

for the proposed classes of waste. Regardless EU policies on waste recycling, the 

Contractor shall assume that all waste must be final disposed of in accordance with 

international and national legislation in the disposal country in question. 

The Contractor shall in his offer document the compliance of the final disposal method(s) 

with the relevant national legislation. 

4.7 Site Cleaning Up and Take-over by the Contracting Authority 


The Contractor shall ensure that the sites used for proceedings of this contract and at least 

the Rooms 2 and 3 of Storehouse 2 as well as the marginal materials on the loading ramps 

are decontaminated and cleaned up from the waste stored. There is no need for a 

rehabilitation of neither the building itself nor possible hazardous materials eg. asbestos 

fibers of the building itself. 

Fencing and other items imported to the site by the Contractor has to be removed 

completely after the work. 


The Contractor shall clean up walls and floors in the buildings in order to ensure that all 

chemical and leather waste are removed from the Site. No particular cleaning procedures of 

buildings and building materials are foreseen. 

The Contractor shall remove any solid waste from the outside ramps, tracks and drainage 

pits around Room 3 of Storehouse 2. 

The Contractor shall seal the building at least the Rooms 2 and 3 of Storehouse 2 including 

all doors. The Project Manager shall final inspect and approve the buildings before sealing. 

Photo documentation of the interior of the buildings at the time of sealing shall be handed 

over to the Project Manager. A written documentation of the proceedings of this contract 

shall be handed over. 


5 THE CONTRACTORS KEY PERSONNEL 

5.1 General experience 

All waste located at the Site is regarded dangerous to humans. There may furthermore be a 

risk of decomposition of some chemical material when being heated. The Contractor shall 

therefore include staff in his team which has considerable experience with repackaging of 

hazardous materials including chemical waste i.e. the sodium hexafluoro silicate (Na2SiF6), 

pesticides and asbestos fibers. 

5.2 Key Personnel 

The following Profiles are regarded as necessary expertise for a professional works 

implementation: 

Profile General Experience Specific Experience 

General Manager Degree/Diploma in 

Engineering or related natural 

Site Manager 

(full time on Site) 

Safety Expert 

(full time on Site) 

Repackaging personnel 

(number according to 

Contractors work schedule) 

sciences. Fluent in English. 

Degree/Diploma. in Chemistry 

and/or Chemical engineering. 

More that 10 years of 

experience with hazardous 

waste management and 

disposal. Fluent in English. 

Knowledge of Albanian is an 

advantage. 

Degree/Diploma in 

Engineering or related natural 

sciences. Fluent in English. 

Knowledge of Albanian is an 

advantage. 

More than 10 years of 

experience with hazardous 

waste management and disposal 

Experience as a site manager 

from at least 3 similar project 

and/or more than 10 years of 

experience from hazardous 

waste management and disposal 

in chemical industry. 

Experience with risk 

management, environmental 

protection measures and 

occupational health and safety 

issues in relation to hazardous 

waste are essential. 

not assessed not assessed 

More than 10 years of 

experience in emergency 

preparedness and response 

planning and management, 

preferably from the chemical 

industry. Alternatively 

experience from the oil and gas 

industry and/or from National 

Emergency Management is 

acceptable. 

An English/Albanian interpreter shall be on site at all times of ongoing works. The 

Contractor shall prepare the repackaging personnel for the works implementation and 

ensure appropriate instructions are given in the working methods. 


The instructions shall include introduction and training in the foreseen specific methods 

and procedures, the use of personal protection equipment and all safety procedures to be 

applied as part of the works activities. 

6 ENVIRONMENT AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 

6.1 Occupational Health and Safety 


The Contractor shall be responsible for all occupational health and safety issues related to 

the works, including repackaging, transport and final disposal of the waste. 

All repackaging personnel shall - prior to starting the works - be given instruction and 

training in procedures where special risks are involved. The repackaging personnel shall be 

instructed in the rules established, and the Contractor shall ensure that the procedures in 

case of incidents and accidents are understood. Only when the personnel have received the 

instructions and have signed that they understand the purpose and content the work, they 

may start work. 

All workers shall be submitted to an initial medical check, focused on the specific risks of 

the works execution. The medical check shall be repeated upon termination of the works. 

All instructions shall be presented orally and written in Albanian language. 


The Contractor shall in a separate management plan describe how he will ensure 

occupational health and safety of all activities and all personnel working on the Site. The 

Contractor shall describe type and usage of personal protection equipment and the 

procedures for clean and contaminated working zones. 

6.2 Protection of the Environment 


The Contractor shall be responsible for all environmental protection issues related to the 

works, including repackaging, removal, transport and temporary disposal. He shall ensure 

that no additional contamination will take place and that all activities are screened for 

environmental impacts before start of the activity. 

Where environmental impacts are likely, the Contractor shall propose environmental 

protection measures to be implemented. 


The Contractor shall in a separate management plan describe how he will ensure that no 

additional environmental impacts will occur, and how he will ensure for all the working 

activities that adequate environmental protection measures are installed. 


6.3 Emergency Preparedness and Response 


The Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of an emergency preparedness 

and response organization ensuring the appropriate preparedness for acting in situations 

with sudden and acute danger. 


The Contractor shall describe in a separate management plan his Emergency Preparedness 

and Response Plan. The Plan shall be based on an analyses of the 3 worst scenarios (e.g. 

fires in accordance with the requirements for sodium hexafluoro silicate, contamination of 

staff, collapse of roof structures) and include a description of the organization and the 

procedures on how to respond to the dangers that may occur in these scenarios. 

The Contractor shall identify all local, regional and national authorities involved in 

Emergency Response activities and establish an agreed plan with clear descriptions of tasks 

and responsibilities. 

The Contractor shall train his personnel in Emergency Response. 

7 REPORTING 

7.1 Daily Reporting 

The Contractor shall establish daily reporting of his works activities. The daily reporting 

shall comprise: 

� Establishing and maintaining registry of all personnel and visitors to the site (at 

entrance gate) 

� Establishing and maintaining logbook of repackaging, collection, transportation and 

disposal activities, and of all incidents and accidents at the site and the response 

given. 

Both registry and logbook shall be available for the Project Manager at all time. 

7.2 Weekly Reporting 

The Contractor shall prepare a weekly report for the site meetings to be handed over to the 

Project Manager at the latest the day before the site meeting summarizing the entries in the 

above-mentioned daily reports. The weekly reports shall furthermore include a plan for the 

coming week’s activities and an updated time schedule. 

The weekly reports shall be submitted to the Project Manager every Monday before 12.00 

am. 

7.3 Final Report 

The Contractor shall elaborate a final report describing the completed work. The final 

report shall justify the take-over of the Site and the official finalization of the work. 

The final report may fall in three sections: 


1. Final Report for the take-over of Bajza Site 

2. Report for the repackaging, temporary storage and classification of the waste 

3. Report describing the completion conditions at the site including an assessment of 

risks and hazards. 

The latter report shall provide background for further activities at the site, e.g. rehabilitation 

of the storage buildings. 

8 FACILITIES TO BE PROVIDED FOR THE PROJECT MANAGER 

8.1 Specifications 

The Contractor shall provide office facilities, transportation and H&S equipment for the 

sole use of the Project Manager on site. 

8.2 Performance Criteria 

The Contractor shall make separate office space (for 1 person) available for the supervisory 

staff at the Site. The office shall be equipped with telecommunication (email connection), 

fax/copy/printer access and office furniture. 

The Contractor shall provide all necessary H&S equipment for the Project Manager in 

order for the Project Manager to inspect all parts of the works. 

9 ANCILLARY CONDITIONS 

9.1 Duration of assignment 

Duration of assignment: 4 weeks, starting from ………. 

9.2 Duty station 

Duty station: Bajza Railway station 

9.3 Submission of application 

Closing date for the submission of application: ……………. 

Name of Office: UNDP Albania 

Office address: Rr. Deshmoret e 4 shurtit, Villa 35, Tirana 

Telephone: +355 4 2276600/2233122 

Fax: +355 4 2232075 

e-mail: registry.al@undp.org 


Annex 

Price Schedule 

… 

The price schedule must provide a detailed cost breakdown. Provide if necessary separate 

figures for each functional grouping or category. 

Estimates for cost-reimbursable items, if any, such as travel and out of pocket expenses 

should be listed separately. 

The format shown in the following should be used in preparing the price schedule. The 

format includes specific expenditures, which may or may not be required or applicable but 

are indicated to serve as examples. 

The amount of repackaging is estimated, the final payment is according to the actual 

repackaged amount. 

… 

Description of activity Estimated 

Amount 

US$ per t Total US$ 

1 Site preparation - lump sum 

2 Classification - - 

2.1 Classification - lump sum 

2.2 Analyses please specify 

3 Repacking, Transport and final Disposal - - 

3.1 Dust and debris, existing packages - lump sum 

3.2 Repackaging of chemical waste 80 t 

3.3 Repackaging of leather waste 200 t 

3.4 Collecting of pesticides in wagon - lump sum 

4 Site Cleaning Up and Take-over - lump sum 

5 Out of Pocket expenses 

5.1 Travel 

5.2 Per diem allowances 

5.3 Communications 

5.4 Reports and Reproductions 

5.5 Equipment and other items

MonTec - UNDP Albania

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