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DECEMBER, 20<strong>17</strong><br />
MID-CANADA AOAC<br />
HTTP://MIDCANADAAOAC.ORG VOLUME <strong>17</strong> ISSUE 1
2
P4 MARK DALMAIJER P6 TOM NOWICKI P9 JAMIE PETRACHEK<br />
CONTENTS<br />
Cover: The University of Winnipeg<br />
Richardson College for the<br />
Environmental and Science Complex,<br />
the new site of Mid-Canada AOAC<br />
Scientific Gathering for 2018<br />
This state-of-the-art building located at<br />
599 Portage Avenue is The University<br />
of Winnipeg's new home science,<br />
sustainability initiatives and<br />
community learning programs,<br />
attracting leading researchers from<br />
around the world to Winnipeg.<br />
Students and faculty alike engage in<br />
cutting-edge research in biology,<br />
chemistry, environmental studies,<br />
Indigenous science and the social<br />
sciences in one of the most energy<br />
efficient educational buildings in<br />
North America.<br />
The complex itself is a model of green<br />
building technology, with recycled<br />
materials and a tree-filled atrium, and<br />
labs with state-of-the-art energy<br />
efficiency and heat recovery<br />
system.This signature building is<br />
possible because of generous support<br />
from the Government of Canada,<br />
Government of Manitoba, Richardson<br />
Firm, Family and Foundation and<br />
other generous donors.<br />
4. Editor Editor’s Note<br />
My background in biochemistry and previous scientific publication in Frontiers in Microbiology will<br />
help me meet the challenges of these positions.<br />
4. President Message<br />
This Year I have a privilege of serving the Mid-Canada AOAC community. We will be hard at work<br />
to bring another year of excellent workshops and programs to the scientific community in<br />
Mid-Canada.<br />
5. Testing for PCBs in Oil at Manitoba Hydro<br />
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of chemicals produced from the 1920s to the<br />
1960s. In the late 1960s, production decreased and in 1979 manufacture and sale was<br />
prohibited in North America.<br />
8. 2018 Manitoba Schools Science Symposium<br />
Mid-Canada AOAC has supported MSSS since 1991. Over the past 27 years, countless<br />
numbers of Mid-Canada AOAC members have judged at the MSSS. 8 Science News<br />
9. News<br />
10. Report from AOAC International Meeting<br />
This is an excellent opportunity for anyone involved with field and lab work, to meet with<br />
peers, speak with a huge number of poster-session authors, and take time with vendors.<br />
12. What is new for Mid-Canada AOAC 29 th Scientific Symposium<br />
I am pleased to announce that big changes are coming for AOAC Day 2018! Make sure to<br />
mark your calendars, this year AOAC Day is April 25th.<br />
14. Our Corporate Members<br />
15. Executive Members<br />
We are looking forward to this year’s symposium and encourage you to join us as an executive<br />
member or volunteering your time. We can do more together<br />
3
Editor’s Note<br />
CirculaCon<br />
By adverCsing in the Mid-Canada AOAC’s<br />
newsleTer Formula your message is<br />
delivered to each of the organizaCons<br />
members who study and work in areas of<br />
research such as analyCcal chemistry and<br />
microbiology.<br />
If the goal of your adverCsement is to<br />
extend your reach into the analyCcal<br />
chemistry community, this bulleCn is an<br />
ideal medium to deliver your message as it<br />
is distributed free to the organizaCon’s<br />
450+ members.<br />
Editor: Marie-Josee Nadeau<br />
Co-Editor: Ramin Vakili<br />
Graphics & Layout: Ramin Vakili<br />
AdverCsing in Formula:<br />
Rates<br />
Member<br />
Full-page $315 $441<br />
Half-page $189 $285<br />
Quarter-page $144 $222<br />
Short course lisCng<br />
Non-member<br />
$10/column inch<br />
Deadline for submission of adverCsements<br />
for April 15 publicaCon is Sunday, April<br />
10th, 2018 for Dec 15 publicaCon.<br />
Contact InformaCon<br />
For more informaCon to request further<br />
informaCon regarding adverCsing rates,<br />
specificaCon, digital requirements, or<br />
submission guidelines please contact:<br />
Marie-Josée Nadeau<br />
Email: formula@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
Ramin Vakili<br />
Email: r.vakili@uwinnipeg.ca<br />
hTps://twiTer.com/aoacday<br />
hTps://www.instagram.com/mcaoac/<br />
hTps://www.linkedin.com/in/mid-canadaaoac-a3026b139/<br />
My name is Marie-Josee Nadeau<br />
and I have the pleasure of<br />
working with the Mid-Canada<br />
AOAC this year as producCon<br />
editor and administraCve<br />
assistant. Being new to both<br />
posiCons, I’ve been able to start<br />
with a fresh perspecCve. My<br />
background in biochemistry and<br />
previous scienCfic publicaCon in<br />
FronCers in Microbiology will help me<br />
meet the challenges of these posiCons. This<br />
has been in line with some of the big changes being made to<br />
the Mid-Canada AOAC this year. Firstly, the venue of the April<br />
2018 conference has been changed from the Victoria Inn to the<br />
University of Winnipeg Richardson College for the<br />
Environment. Secondly, we’ve decided to revamp The Formula<br />
bulleCn to a more sleek and sophisCcated design that beTer<br />
reflects the AOAC.<br />
E Mail: formula@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
President Message . . .<br />
This Year I have a privilege of<br />
serving the Mid-Canada AOAC<br />
community. We will be hard<br />
at work to bring another<br />
year of excellent workshops<br />
and programs to the scienCfic<br />
community in Mid-Canada. Number<br />
of new changes will be coming to<br />
our scienCfic symposium. New<br />
venue and new structure to keep up<br />
with the expectaCon of our<br />
community.<br />
I also would like to welcome Marie-<br />
Josee Nadeau as our new<br />
producCon editor for Formula.<br />
Formula will be your gateway to<br />
communicate with other members.<br />
Our corporate members to showcase<br />
products and news with our members. If you<br />
interested in contribuCng to formula, simply<br />
contact Marie-Josee.<br />
4
TesCng for PCBs in Oil at Manitoba Hydro<br />
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of chemicals<br />
produced from the 1920s to the 1960s. In the late 1960s,<br />
producCon decreased and in 1979 manufacture and sale was<br />
prohibited in North America. In North America, Monsanto,<br />
under the trademark Aroclor, produced the vast majority of<br />
PCBs, contribuCng to about half of all PCBs world-wide. Many<br />
other countries also produced PCBs, including Italy (Caffaro),<br />
France (Protolec), Japan (Kanegafuchi Chemical Co.), and<br />
Germany (Bayer). Due to their excellent dielectric and heat<br />
dissipaCon properCes, PCBs were commonly used in electrical<br />
equipment and are sCll found as a contaminant in some<br />
electrical equipment.<br />
Nearly all labs follow test method ASTM D4059 for tesCng<br />
PCBs in oil; this method is specific to the trade named<br />
Monsanto Aroclor PCB formulaCons and uClizes GC/ECD for<br />
tesCng. Canadian regulaCons are specific about which PCBs<br />
are classified as toxic and regulated; tesCng by ASTM D4059<br />
cannot, strictly-speaking, report PCBs to the definiCon found<br />
in the regulaCons. Environment Canada defines PCBs as<br />
“Chlorobiphenyls that have the molecular formula<br />
C12H(10-n)Cln in which “n” is greater than 2” (Canadian<br />
Environmental ProtecCon Act, 1999). In other words, total<br />
PCBs is the sum of tri- to decachlorobiphenyls. In the United<br />
States, total PCBs is defined as the sum of tri- to<br />
decachlorobiphenyls plus 5% of the monochlorobiphenyls and<br />
20% of the dichlorobiphenyls.<br />
Manitoba Hydro has always reported PCBs as Aroclors. Since<br />
2002, the analysis of PCBs has been done using GC/MS-MS in<br />
place of GC/ECD. The use of GC/MS-MS ensures no<br />
false-posiCve and false-negaCve results are generated and<br />
allows for a lower detecCon limit compared to GC/ECD.<br />
Environment Canada regulaCon SOR/2008-273 requires that<br />
oil contain less than 2 ppm PCBs. Manitoba Hydro has an oil<br />
processing unit that decontaminates PCB containing oil in<br />
order to reduce, and eventually eliminate, PCBs in our<br />
electrical equipment. In this regard, Manitoba Hydro is a<br />
leader among Canadian uCliCes. That being said, Manitoba<br />
Hydro has long recognized that the PCB decontaminaCon<br />
method generates PCBs which do not match an Aroclor<br />
paTern and that convenConal Aroclor-calibraCon methods<br />
cannot quanCfy PCBs accurately. As a result, Manitoba Hydro<br />
Chemical Lab Services has developed and validated a new<br />
Mark Dalmaijer<br />
method to test for PCB homologues in order to accurately<br />
quanCfy non-Aroclor PCBs.<br />
The new PCB test method is based on Environment Canada<br />
RM/31, using GC/MS to quanCfy homologues of PCBs. Minor<br />
modificaCons to Environment Canada’s RM/31method have<br />
been made to streamline and automate the test method so<br />
that the cost for PCB tesCng remains low. PCBs are tested by<br />
placing 0.100mL oil in a glass tube; PCBs are separated from<br />
the oil by liquid/liquid parCConing of trimethylpentane and<br />
dimethylsulfoxide and then by using Solid Phase ExtracCon<br />
(SPE) to clean an aliquot of the dimethylsulfoxide solvent.<br />
PCBs are eluted from the SPE cartridge using<br />
trimethylpentane. A Gilson GX-271 has been configured to<br />
automaCcally perform liquid/liquid parCConing, SPE cleanup,<br />
and transfer of the extract to an autosampler vial. Analysis of<br />
sample extract is performed on a Bruker Scion Triple<br />
5
Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers equipped with CTC GCPal<br />
autosampler. Manitoba Hydro tests about 5,000 oil samples per<br />
year; this preparaCon technique and use of these analyCcal<br />
instruments provides the required capacity for one Lab<br />
Technician to test nearly all our oil samples for PCBs.<br />
for the scrap steel; when scrapped as PCB-containing,<br />
Manitoba Hydro pays a premium to ship and decontaminate<br />
the unit before it can be scrapped. Since experimentally<br />
confirming that many scrapped transformers currently<br />
reported as PCB-containing are actually PCB-free, according to<br />
Environment Canada RM/31 PCB by homologue test method,<br />
Manitoba Hydro will see significant savings on scrapping<br />
equipment once the method change is implemented.<br />
The new Manitoba Hydro Chemical Lab Services PCB by<br />
homologue test method is now accredited to the ISO <strong>17</strong>025<br />
standard. TesCng of all Manitoba Hydro’s PCB samples by the<br />
new method will begin January 2018.<br />
Manitoba Hydro’s Chemical Lab Services is comprised of a team<br />
of 18 Chemists/Specialists, Lab Technicians and administraCve<br />
staff who analyze water, air, bulk building materials, lubricaCng<br />
oil, insulaCng oil, and soil for a wide variety of parameters. In<br />
addiCon, Chemical Lab Services also provides environmental<br />
sampling and industrial hygiene project support and chemical<br />
consulCng services to Manitoba Hydro.<br />
The PCB decontaminaCon process uses metallic sodium,<br />
ethylene glycol and heat to strip chlorine atoms from the<br />
biphenyl molecule. In 2015, Chemical Lab Services studied the<br />
effect of the current calibraCon model and experimentally<br />
confirmed that the Aroclor calibraCon method can generates a<br />
very highly biased result for processed oil samples. The<br />
decontaminated oil is further processed so that the PCB<br />
concentraCon in the oil is less than 2 ppm auer which the oil is<br />
deemed PCB-free and placed back in service. Since Manitoba<br />
Hydro has decontaminated well over 30 million litres of oil in<br />
the last 30 years, accurate quanCtaCon of PCBs is necessary.<br />
By; Mark Dalmaijer, Technical Supervisor – Manitoba Hydro<br />
Chemical Lab Services.<br />
Transformers eventually reach their end of life and are<br />
scrapped. When scrapped as PCB-free, Manitoba Hydro is paid<br />
6
7
2018 MANITOBA SCHOOLS SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM<br />
2018 Manitoba Schools Science Symposium<br />
As a member of the Manitoba scientific<br />
community, please give serious consideration to<br />
sharing your expertise and experience with<br />
Manitoba’s scientists of tomorrow by volunteering<br />
to participate as a judge in the 2018 Manitoba<br />
Schools Science Symposium (MSSS). The 2018<br />
MSSS will take place from Thursday, April 26 to<br />
Sunday, April 29 at the University of Manitoba<br />
Max Bell Centre.<br />
The Mid-Canada AOAC has supported the<br />
MSSS since 1991. Over the past 27 years,<br />
countless numbers of Mid-Canada AOAC<br />
members have judged at the MSSS. Many return<br />
year after year simply because it is a very<br />
re w a rd i n g a n d e n j o y a b l e e x p e r i e n c e .<br />
Mid-Canada AOAC members who have judged<br />
at the MSSS have come from a wide range of<br />
scientific disciplines and a wide range of<br />
positions, from technician to research scientist,<br />
in private industry, academia and government.<br />
Judging at the MSSS is very simple. The first<br />
step is to register and give your preferences with<br />
regard to the scientific fields and age levels<br />
which you would feel most comfortable judging.<br />
Some of the judging will take place on Friday,<br />
April 27, but if this is a problem you can limit your<br />
involvement to the morning of Saturday, April<br />
28th. On Friday night, there will be a dinner for<br />
the judges. It isn’t critical that you attend this, but<br />
for first-time judges it can be very helpful for<br />
finding out the judging category to which you<br />
have been assigned, getting to know your<br />
section leader and the other judges on your<br />
team and for learning about the MSSS. After<br />
dinner, projects are assigned and previewed<br />
without the students being present. Unless you<br />
have a special interest in<br />
looking at all 500 or more<br />
projects, you should be<br />
finished by about 8 p.m.<br />
On Saturday, April 28th,<br />
first-round judging will likely<br />
start at 9:00 am, but it usually<br />
a good idea to arrive before 8:30 a.m.<br />
so that you can grab a coffee and locate your<br />
judging team, read over the judging instructions<br />
and forms and listen to the judges briefing.<br />
First-round judging is when the bronze, silver<br />
and gold medal winners are determined and is<br />
usually completed by noon. This is followed by a<br />
lunch for the judges. The top projects in each<br />
category carry forward to a second-round, which<br />
takes place after lunch. Section leaders usually<br />
handle second-round judging. Judging for the<br />
Mid-Canada AOAC awards will take place in the<br />
morning and may extend into the afternoon if<br />
necessar y and is usually handled by<br />
Mid-Canada AOAC Executive Committee<br />
members.<br />
The medal awards ceremony and special<br />
awards ceremony will be held on Sunday, April<br />
29th. The Mid-Canada AOAC provides special<br />
awards to students behind projects having an<br />
exceptional analytical content. The awards<br />
consist of a plaque and a small cash award.<br />
Information about the MSSS can be found online<br />
at www.msss.mb.ca. You may also register for<br />
judging online. You may also follow MSSS on<br />
other social media: Instagram: @ msss_mb |<br />
Twitter: @ msss_mb | Hashtag: #MSSS2018<br />
Tom Nowicki<br />
8
NEWS<br />
Using NMR-based screening for quality and<br />
authenAcity analysis<br />
With food authenCcity<br />
of growing concern,<br />
honey is one of the<br />
foods under increasing<br />
scruCny and its<br />
producCon is now<br />
subject to a number of<br />
regulaCons designed to<br />
ensure authenCcity and<br />
quality. Honey producers<br />
and quality control<br />
laboratories now require increasingly sophisCcated<br />
methods of analysis. Here we explore how nuclear<br />
magneCc resonance (NMR) based screening provides a<br />
cost efficient, complete analysis, which can be used<br />
reliably to ensure the honey that reaches consumers is<br />
‘exactly what it says on the Cn.<br />
hTp://www.theresonance.com/ensuring-your-honey-ispure/<br />
Advances in Bioprocessing Technology Push Limits of Cell Culturing<br />
A novel coaCng developed by a team of Newcastle scienCsts may allow<br />
for large increases in the amounts of cells that can be produced during<br />
cell culturing, in both large and small scale operaCons. Currently, the<br />
number of cells that can be grown in a given cell culture batch is limited<br />
by the surface area of the vessel in which the cells are grown. The novel<br />
coaCng would be applied to cell culture vessels and allow for individual<br />
stromal cells to detach from the from the vessel without the use of<br />
chemical or enzymaCc catalysts, resulCng in more space for growing<br />
cells to conCnue replicaCng. This new technology has the potenCal to<br />
revoluConize industrial scale cell culturing by drasCcally increasing<br />
yields.<br />
Source: hTps://phys.org/news/20<strong>17</strong>-11-future-cell-culture-<br />
9
REPORT FROM AOAC INTERNATIONAL MEETING<br />
Attending the Annual Meeting and exposition of AOAC-International<br />
is an excellent opportunity for anyone involved with field and lab work,<br />
to meet with peers, speak with a huge number of poster-session<br />
authors, and take time with vendors.<br />
The most important event is the meeting with other local Section reps<br />
from around the world. Before the big event, a questionnaire is sent<br />
out. Asking MidCanada peers for input is good, if the designated<br />
attendee is new to how we run our spring AOAC Day. While attending this meeting, you will have<br />
an opportunity to listen to dozens of other reps, and ask questions for an hour or two. By sharing<br />
business cards with the folks you meet here, you can keep on sharing long into the future.<br />
You should consider bringing a poster of your own. If your work is presented, you will find other<br />
folks with questions or information to offer you. I did this on my first visit to AOAC-I.<br />
There are many concurrent technical sessions. Before you go, peruse all the titles, and plan each<br />
day. Like most folks, you can walk from one tech session to another down the hall. The vendor hall<br />
lasts 2 full days of the 4 day event. The morning and afternoon breaks are often held in the vendor<br />
hall, so you can enjoy a snack or coffee. while chatting with the vendor of your choice. You may<br />
find a morning or lunchtime vendor talk on a topic in a field which interests you. These often<br />
include food and the opportunity for lots of questions. They are definitely worth getting up early<br />
for. Unlike my last visit to PittCon, the vendors are mostly relevant to what you do, and you can<br />
walk past every display and talk to most in less than a day.<br />
If you have an interest in the finer points of lab management, there are evening sessions you won't<br />
want to miss. Meet lots of other folks with similar interests, and the AOAC volunteers who put<br />
together the glossy magazines on the topic.<br />
Bring lots of business cards, and work questions. Do your homework and plan for the best<br />
conference you will find next year. For the first time, the 2018 meeting will be in Toronto, so you<br />
need not cross into the USA to attend. AOAC-I offers discounted rooms in the host hotel, or you<br />
can ride the subway from any where in the big city, if you want to save money.<br />
10
11
WHAT IS NEW FOR MID-CANADA AOAC 29 th SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM<br />
Greetings Mid Canada AOAC Members!<br />
I am pleased to announce that big changes are<br />
coming for AOAC Day 2018! Make sure to mark<br />
your calendars, this year AOAC Day is April<br />
25th. Traditionally AOAC day was held in June,<br />
however this time of year proved to be a busy<br />
time for a lot of our members. In order to make<br />
AOAC Day more convenient for all, we have<br />
chosen a date that does not interfere with the<br />
academic calendar for both Post-Secondary and<br />
Primary/ Secondary education. We also ensured<br />
that the new date did not interfere with other<br />
conferences and events taking place in<br />
Winnipeg. Ultimately by changing the date of<br />
our event we aim to increase our member<br />
attendance. We also aim to increase our number<br />
of corporate members, and therefore creating<br />
better vendor and customer relations.<br />
Another change for AOAC Day 2018 is a change<br />
in venue. For many years AOAC Day was held<br />
at the Victoria Inn and Conference Centre. This<br />
year we have booked the Richardson College for<br />
the Environment and Science Complex at the<br />
University of Winnipeg. We are very pleased<br />
and excited about this new venue, holding our<br />
conference in a state- of -the-art science facility<br />
will have immense benefits for our members and<br />
organization.<br />
The Richardson College of the Environment<br />
(RCFE) was constructed in spring of 2011 and is<br />
one of the most energy efficient buildings in<br />
Manitoba. When the building was opened it was<br />
awarded the LEED (Leadership in Energy and<br />
Environmental Design) Silver certification. In<br />
2015 the building improved and was awarded<br />
JAMIE PETRACHEK<br />
the LEED Gold certification, making it one of the<br />
most energy efficient educational laboratory<br />
facilities in North America. RCFE is one of 108<br />
buildings in Manitoba that have achieved LEED<br />
certification and one of 36 that have attained<br />
gold status. Operating at about half of the<br />
energy of a conventional building, our new<br />
choice of venue will help to decrease our<br />
organizations’ carbon foot print.<br />
The Richardson College of the Environment<br />
(RCFE), is located in the heart of downtown<br />
Winnipeg, and is situated in the downtown<br />
campus of the University of Winnipeg. The<br />
centralized location is beneficial for all our<br />
members, with ample parking and easy public<br />
transit access. Holding our conference at the<br />
University of Winnipeg campus, will also allow for<br />
new opportunities for collaboration with the<br />
Department of Chemistry, Biology and<br />
Environmental Science. We are looking forward<br />
to the new opportunities this unique venue will<br />
bring to our organization.<br />
Our conference will be held in the Power<br />
Corporation of Canada Atrium of Richardson<br />
College. This atrium is an elegant green space<br />
with lots of natural daylight, thanks to the<br />
12
numerous double glazed argon filled windows.<br />
The atrium also features nine living fig trees and<br />
a 3,000 square foot wall made from reclaimed<br />
hard maple from old Winnipeg Roller Rink. We<br />
plan to hold our trade show in the atrium, filling it<br />
up with numerous vendor booths. In between<br />
the vendor booths, we plan to place poster<br />
boards, for our annual scientific poster<br />
presentations. We have also planned to have our<br />
coffee and snacks placed close to the vendor<br />
booths and poster boards. It is our goal increase<br />
the mingling between all members. Connected<br />
to the atrium are four classrooms, which have<br />
been booked for our Key Note Speakers and all<br />
other presentations. Additionally we now have<br />
access to lab space, where there is potential to<br />
have new interactive workshops. This unique<br />
layout will be relatively different than the<br />
traditional business conference style that was<br />
seen at the Victoria Inn. Ultimately we hope that<br />
this new layout will allow for more scientific<br />
collaboration and social networking for AOAC<br />
Day.<br />
We are looking forward to these exciting new<br />
changes for AOAC Day 2018 and are excited to<br />
hear feedback from our members!<br />
References:<br />
https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/Richar<br />
dson-College-at-U-of-W-earns-LEED-Gold-certifi<br />
cation-329816001.html<br />
http://mcs.uwinnipeg.ca<br />
First Annual Manitoba<br />
Chemistry Symposium<br />
May 4-5, 2018<br />
The University of Winnipeg<br />
Richardson College of the Environment<br />
and Science Complex<br />
599 Portage Avenue.<br />
Winnipeg, MB, Canada<br />
https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/about/fast-facts/richar<br />
dson-college.html<br />
http://leed.cagbc.org/LEED/projectprofile_EN.as<br />
px<br />
13
MID-CANADA AOAC CORPORATE MEMBERS<br />
14
20<strong>17</strong>/2018 Executives<br />
Ramin Vakili President president@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
Doug Goltz President Elect secretary@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
David Grant Past President vendors@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
David Grant Secretary secretary@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
We are looking forward to<br />
this year’s symposium and<br />
encourage you to join us as<br />
an executive member or<br />
volunteering your time.<br />
We can do more together.<br />
Tom Nowicki Treasurer treasurer@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
Jamie Petrachek Member-at-Large membership@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
Anja Richter Member-at-Large membership@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
Ray Bacala Member-at-Large<br />
Greg Sliva Member-at-Large<br />
Ayana Alipio Member-at-Large<br />
Michelle Holigroski Member-at-Large<br />
Contact Us:<br />
Brian Asher<br />
Jules Carlson<br />
Member-at-Large<br />
Member-at-Large<br />
membership@midcanadaaoac.org<br />
Mid-Canada AOAC<br />
PO Box 46091 Westdale PO<br />
6670 Roblin Blvd<br />
Winnipeg, MB R3R 3S3<br />
+1.204.202.9480<br />
Member-at-<br />
Edin Kurbegovic<br />
Large, Corporate<br />
Member-at-<br />
Shantel Gushue,<br />
Large, Corporate<br />
MARIE-JOSEE NADEAU<br />
ADMIN ASSISTANT/ EDITOR “THE FORMULA<br />
FORMULA@MIDCANADAAOAC.ORG<br />
15
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