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DECEMBER, 20<strong>17</strong><br />

MID-CANADA AOAC<br />

HTTP://MIDCANADAAOAC.ORG VOLUME <strong>17</strong> ISSUE 1


2


P4 MARK DALMAIJER P6 TOM NOWICKI P9 JAMIE PETRACHEK<br />

CONTENTS<br />

Cover: The University of Winnipeg<br />

Richardson College for the<br />

Environmental and Science Complex,<br />

the new site of Mid-Canada AOAC<br />

Scientific Gathering for 2018<br />

This state-of-the-art building located at<br />

599 Portage Avenue is The University<br />

of Winnipeg's new home science,<br />

sustainability initiatives and<br />

community learning programs,<br />

attracting leading researchers from<br />

around the world to Winnipeg.<br />

Students and faculty alike engage in<br />

cutting-edge research in biology,<br />

chemistry, environmental studies,<br />

Indigenous science and the social<br />

sciences in one of the most energy<br />

efficient educational buildings in<br />

North America.<br />

The complex itself is a model of green<br />

building technology, with recycled<br />

materials and a tree-filled atrium, and<br />

labs with state-of-the-art energy<br />

efficiency and heat recovery<br />

system.This signature building is<br />

possible because of generous support<br />

from the Government of Canada,<br />

Government of Manitoba, Richardson<br />

Firm, Family and Foundation and<br />

other generous donors.<br />

4. Editor Editor’s Note<br />

My background in biochemistry and previous scientific publication in Frontiers in Microbiology will<br />

help me meet the challenges of these positions.<br />

4. President Message<br />

This Year I have a privilege of serving the Mid-Canada AOAC community. We will be hard at work<br />

to bring another year of excellent workshops and programs to the scientific community in<br />

Mid-Canada.<br />

5. Testing for PCBs in Oil at Manitoba Hydro<br />

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of chemicals produced from the 1920s to the<br />

1960s. In the late 1960s, production decreased and in 1979 manufacture and sale was<br />

prohibited in North America.<br />

8. 2018 Manitoba Schools Science Symposium<br />

Mid-Canada AOAC has supported MSSS since 1991. Over the past 27 years, countless<br />

numbers of Mid-Canada AOAC members have judged at the MSSS. 8 Science News<br />

9. News<br />

10. Report from AOAC International Meeting<br />

This is an excellent opportunity for anyone involved with field and lab work, to meet with<br />

peers, speak with a huge number of poster-session authors, and take time with vendors.<br />

12. What is new for Mid-Canada AOAC 29 th Scientific Symposium<br />

I am pleased to announce that big changes are coming for AOAC Day 2018! Make sure to<br />

mark your calendars, this year AOAC Day is April 25th.<br />

14. Our Corporate Members<br />

15. Executive Members<br />

We are looking forward to this year’s symposium and encourage you to join us as an executive<br />

member or volunteering your time. We can do more together<br />

3


Editor’s Note<br />

CirculaCon<br />

By adverCsing in the Mid-Canada AOAC’s<br />

newsleTer Formula your message is<br />

delivered to each of the organizaCons<br />

members who study and work in areas of<br />

research such as analyCcal chemistry and<br />

microbiology.<br />

If the goal of your adverCsement is to<br />

extend your reach into the analyCcal<br />

chemistry community, this bulleCn is an<br />

ideal medium to deliver your message as it<br />

is distributed free to the organizaCon’s<br />

450+ members.<br />

Editor: Marie-Josee Nadeau<br />

Co-Editor: Ramin Vakili<br />

Graphics & Layout: Ramin Vakili<br />

AdverCsing in Formula:<br />

Rates<br />

Member<br />

Full-page $315 $441<br />

Half-page $189 $285<br />

Quarter-page $144 $222<br />

Short course lisCng<br />

Non-member<br />

$10/column inch<br />

Deadline for submission of adverCsements<br />

for April 15 publicaCon is Sunday, April<br />

10th, 2018 for Dec 15 publicaCon.<br />

Contact InformaCon<br />

For more informaCon to request further<br />

informaCon regarding adverCsing rates,<br />

specificaCon, digital requirements, or<br />

submission guidelines please contact:<br />

Marie-Josée Nadeau<br />

Email: formula@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

Ramin Vakili<br />

Email: r.vakili@uwinnipeg.ca<br />

hTps://twiTer.com/aoacday<br />

hTps://www.instagram.com/mcaoac/<br />

hTps://www.linkedin.com/in/mid-canadaaoac-a3026b139/<br />

My name is Marie-Josee Nadeau<br />

and I have the pleasure of<br />

working with the Mid-Canada<br />

AOAC this year as producCon<br />

editor and administraCve<br />

assistant. Being new to both<br />

posiCons, I’ve been able to start<br />

with a fresh perspecCve. My<br />

background in biochemistry and<br />

previous scienCfic publicaCon in<br />

FronCers in Microbiology will help me<br />

meet the challenges of these posiCons. This<br />

has been in line with some of the big changes being made to<br />

the Mid-Canada AOAC this year. Firstly, the venue of the April<br />

2018 conference has been changed from the Victoria Inn to the<br />

University of Winnipeg Richardson College for the<br />

Environment. Secondly, we’ve decided to revamp The Formula<br />

bulleCn to a more sleek and sophisCcated design that beTer<br />

reflects the AOAC.<br />

E Mail: formula@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

President Message . . .<br />

This Year I have a privilege of<br />

serving the Mid-Canada AOAC<br />

community. We will be hard<br />

at work to bring another<br />

year of excellent workshops<br />

and programs to the scienCfic<br />

community in Mid-Canada. Number<br />

of new changes will be coming to<br />

our scienCfic symposium. New<br />

venue and new structure to keep up<br />

with the expectaCon of our<br />

community.<br />

I also would like to welcome Marie-<br />

Josee Nadeau as our new<br />

producCon editor for Formula.<br />

Formula will be your gateway to<br />

communicate with other members.<br />

Our corporate members to showcase<br />

products and news with our members. If you<br />

interested in contribuCng to formula, simply<br />

contact Marie-Josee.<br />

4


TesCng for PCBs in Oil at Manitoba Hydro<br />

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of chemicals<br />

produced from the 1920s to the 1960s. In the late 1960s,<br />

producCon decreased and in 1979 manufacture and sale was<br />

prohibited in North America. In North America, Monsanto,<br />

under the trademark Aroclor, produced the vast majority of<br />

PCBs, contribuCng to about half of all PCBs world-wide. Many<br />

other countries also produced PCBs, including Italy (Caffaro),<br />

France (Protolec), Japan (Kanegafuchi Chemical Co.), and<br />

Germany (Bayer). Due to their excellent dielectric and heat<br />

dissipaCon properCes, PCBs were commonly used in electrical<br />

equipment and are sCll found as a contaminant in some<br />

electrical equipment.<br />

Nearly all labs follow test method ASTM D4059 for tesCng<br />

PCBs in oil; this method is specific to the trade named<br />

Monsanto Aroclor PCB formulaCons and uClizes GC/ECD for<br />

tesCng. Canadian regulaCons are specific about which PCBs<br />

are classified as toxic and regulated; tesCng by ASTM D4059<br />

cannot, strictly-speaking, report PCBs to the definiCon found<br />

in the regulaCons. Environment Canada defines PCBs as<br />

“Chlorobiphenyls that have the molecular formula<br />

C12H(10-n)Cln in which “n” is greater than 2” (Canadian<br />

Environmental ProtecCon Act, 1999). In other words, total<br />

PCBs is the sum of tri- to decachlorobiphenyls. In the United<br />

States, total PCBs is defined as the sum of tri- to<br />

decachlorobiphenyls plus 5% of the monochlorobiphenyls and<br />

20% of the dichlorobiphenyls.<br />

Manitoba Hydro has always reported PCBs as Aroclors. Since<br />

2002, the analysis of PCBs has been done using GC/MS-MS in<br />

place of GC/ECD. The use of GC/MS-MS ensures no<br />

false-posiCve and false-negaCve results are generated and<br />

allows for a lower detecCon limit compared to GC/ECD.<br />

Environment Canada regulaCon SOR/2008-273 requires that<br />

oil contain less than 2 ppm PCBs. Manitoba Hydro has an oil<br />

processing unit that decontaminates PCB containing oil in<br />

order to reduce, and eventually eliminate, PCBs in our<br />

electrical equipment. In this regard, Manitoba Hydro is a<br />

leader among Canadian uCliCes. That being said, Manitoba<br />

Hydro has long recognized that the PCB decontaminaCon<br />

method generates PCBs which do not match an Aroclor<br />

paTern and that convenConal Aroclor-calibraCon methods<br />

cannot quanCfy PCBs accurately. As a result, Manitoba Hydro<br />

Chemical Lab Services has developed and validated a new<br />

Mark Dalmaijer<br />

method to test for PCB homologues in order to accurately<br />

quanCfy non-Aroclor PCBs.<br />

The new PCB test method is based on Environment Canada<br />

RM/31, using GC/MS to quanCfy homologues of PCBs. Minor<br />

modificaCons to Environment Canada’s RM/31method have<br />

been made to streamline and automate the test method so<br />

that the cost for PCB tesCng remains low. PCBs are tested by<br />

placing 0.100mL oil in a glass tube; PCBs are separated from<br />

the oil by liquid/liquid parCConing of trimethylpentane and<br />

dimethylsulfoxide and then by using Solid Phase ExtracCon<br />

(SPE) to clean an aliquot of the dimethylsulfoxide solvent.<br />

PCBs are eluted from the SPE cartridge using<br />

trimethylpentane. A Gilson GX-271 has been configured to<br />

automaCcally perform liquid/liquid parCConing, SPE cleanup,<br />

and transfer of the extract to an autosampler vial. Analysis of<br />

sample extract is performed on a Bruker Scion Triple<br />

5


Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers equipped with CTC GCPal<br />

autosampler. Manitoba Hydro tests about 5,000 oil samples per<br />

year; this preparaCon technique and use of these analyCcal<br />

instruments provides the required capacity for one Lab<br />

Technician to test nearly all our oil samples for PCBs.<br />

for the scrap steel; when scrapped as PCB-containing,<br />

Manitoba Hydro pays a premium to ship and decontaminate<br />

the unit before it can be scrapped. Since experimentally<br />

confirming that many scrapped transformers currently<br />

reported as PCB-containing are actually PCB-free, according to<br />

Environment Canada RM/31 PCB by homologue test method,<br />

Manitoba Hydro will see significant savings on scrapping<br />

equipment once the method change is implemented.<br />

The new Manitoba Hydro Chemical Lab Services PCB by<br />

homologue test method is now accredited to the ISO <strong>17</strong>025<br />

standard. TesCng of all Manitoba Hydro’s PCB samples by the<br />

new method will begin January 2018.<br />

Manitoba Hydro’s Chemical Lab Services is comprised of a team<br />

of 18 Chemists/Specialists, Lab Technicians and administraCve<br />

staff who analyze water, air, bulk building materials, lubricaCng<br />

oil, insulaCng oil, and soil for a wide variety of parameters. In<br />

addiCon, Chemical Lab Services also provides environmental<br />

sampling and industrial hygiene project support and chemical<br />

consulCng services to Manitoba Hydro.<br />

The PCB decontaminaCon process uses metallic sodium,<br />

ethylene glycol and heat to strip chlorine atoms from the<br />

biphenyl molecule. In 2015, Chemical Lab Services studied the<br />

effect of the current calibraCon model and experimentally<br />

confirmed that the Aroclor calibraCon method can generates a<br />

very highly biased result for processed oil samples. The<br />

decontaminated oil is further processed so that the PCB<br />

concentraCon in the oil is less than 2 ppm auer which the oil is<br />

deemed PCB-free and placed back in service. Since Manitoba<br />

Hydro has decontaminated well over 30 million litres of oil in<br />

the last 30 years, accurate quanCtaCon of PCBs is necessary.<br />

By; Mark Dalmaijer, Technical Supervisor – Manitoba Hydro<br />

Chemical Lab Services.<br />

Transformers eventually reach their end of life and are<br />

scrapped. When scrapped as PCB-free, Manitoba Hydro is paid<br />

6


7


2018 MANITOBA SCHOOLS SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM<br />

2018 Manitoba Schools Science Symposium<br />

As a member of the Manitoba scientific<br />

community, please give serious consideration to<br />

sharing your expertise and experience with<br />

Manitoba’s scientists of tomorrow by volunteering<br />

to participate as a judge in the 2018 Manitoba<br />

Schools Science Symposium (MSSS). The 2018<br />

MSSS will take place from Thursday, April 26 to<br />

Sunday, April 29 at the University of Manitoba<br />

Max Bell Centre.<br />

The Mid-Canada AOAC has supported the<br />

MSSS since 1991. Over the past 27 years,<br />

countless numbers of Mid-Canada AOAC<br />

members have judged at the MSSS. Many return<br />

year after year simply because it is a very<br />

re w a rd i n g a n d e n j o y a b l e e x p e r i e n c e .<br />

Mid-Canada AOAC members who have judged<br />

at the MSSS have come from a wide range of<br />

scientific disciplines and a wide range of<br />

positions, from technician to research scientist,<br />

in private industry, academia and government.<br />

Judging at the MSSS is very simple. The first<br />

step is to register and give your preferences with<br />

regard to the scientific fields and age levels<br />

which you would feel most comfortable judging.<br />

Some of the judging will take place on Friday,<br />

April 27, but if this is a problem you can limit your<br />

involvement to the morning of Saturday, April<br />

28th. On Friday night, there will be a dinner for<br />

the judges. It isn’t critical that you attend this, but<br />

for first-time judges it can be very helpful for<br />

finding out the judging category to which you<br />

have been assigned, getting to know your<br />

section leader and the other judges on your<br />

team and for learning about the MSSS. After<br />

dinner, projects are assigned and previewed<br />

without the students being present. Unless you<br />

have a special interest in<br />

looking at all 500 or more<br />

projects, you should be<br />

finished by about 8 p.m.<br />

On Saturday, April 28th,<br />

first-round judging will likely<br />

start at 9:00 am, but it usually<br />

a good idea to arrive before 8:30 a.m.<br />

so that you can grab a coffee and locate your<br />

judging team, read over the judging instructions<br />

and forms and listen to the judges briefing.<br />

First-round judging is when the bronze, silver<br />

and gold medal winners are determined and is<br />

usually completed by noon. This is followed by a<br />

lunch for the judges. The top projects in each<br />

category carry forward to a second-round, which<br />

takes place after lunch. Section leaders usually<br />

handle second-round judging. Judging for the<br />

Mid-Canada AOAC awards will take place in the<br />

morning and may extend into the afternoon if<br />

necessar y and is usually handled by<br />

Mid-Canada AOAC Executive Committee<br />

members.<br />

The medal awards ceremony and special<br />

awards ceremony will be held on Sunday, April<br />

29th. The Mid-Canada AOAC provides special<br />

awards to students behind projects having an<br />

exceptional analytical content. The awards<br />

consist of a plaque and a small cash award.<br />

Information about the MSSS can be found online<br />

at www.msss.mb.ca. You may also register for<br />

judging online. You may also follow MSSS on<br />

other social media: Instagram: @ msss_mb |<br />

Twitter: @ msss_mb | Hashtag: #MSSS2018<br />

Tom Nowicki<br />

8


NEWS<br />

Using NMR-based screening for quality and<br />

authenAcity analysis<br />

With food authenCcity<br />

of growing concern,<br />

honey is one of the<br />

foods under increasing<br />

scruCny and its<br />

producCon is now<br />

subject to a number of<br />

regulaCons designed to<br />

ensure authenCcity and<br />

quality. Honey producers<br />

and quality control<br />

laboratories now require increasingly sophisCcated<br />

methods of analysis. Here we explore how nuclear<br />

magneCc resonance (NMR) based screening provides a<br />

cost efficient, complete analysis, which can be used<br />

reliably to ensure the honey that reaches consumers is<br />

‘exactly what it says on the Cn.<br />

hTp://www.theresonance.com/ensuring-your-honey-ispure/<br />

Advances in Bioprocessing Technology Push Limits of Cell Culturing<br />

A novel coaCng developed by a team of Newcastle scienCsts may allow<br />

for large increases in the amounts of cells that can be produced during<br />

cell culturing, in both large and small scale operaCons. Currently, the<br />

number of cells that can be grown in a given cell culture batch is limited<br />

by the surface area of the vessel in which the cells are grown. The novel<br />

coaCng would be applied to cell culture vessels and allow for individual<br />

stromal cells to detach from the from the vessel without the use of<br />

chemical or enzymaCc catalysts, resulCng in more space for growing<br />

cells to conCnue replicaCng. This new technology has the potenCal to<br />

revoluConize industrial scale cell culturing by drasCcally increasing<br />

yields.<br />

Source: hTps://phys.org/news/20<strong>17</strong>-11-future-cell-culture-<br />

9


REPORT FROM AOAC INTERNATIONAL MEETING<br />

Attending the Annual Meeting and exposition of AOAC-International<br />

is an excellent opportunity for anyone involved with field and lab work,<br />

to meet with peers, speak with a huge number of poster-session<br />

authors, and take time with vendors.<br />

The most important event is the meeting with other local Section reps<br />

from around the world. Before the big event, a questionnaire is sent<br />

out. Asking MidCanada peers for input is good, if the designated<br />

attendee is new to how we run our spring AOAC Day. While attending this meeting, you will have<br />

an opportunity to listen to dozens of other reps, and ask questions for an hour or two. By sharing<br />

business cards with the folks you meet here, you can keep on sharing long into the future.<br />

You should consider bringing a poster of your own. If your work is presented, you will find other<br />

folks with questions or information to offer you. I did this on my first visit to AOAC-I.<br />

There are many concurrent technical sessions. Before you go, peruse all the titles, and plan each<br />

day. Like most folks, you can walk from one tech session to another down the hall. The vendor hall<br />

lasts 2 full days of the 4 day event. The morning and afternoon breaks are often held in the vendor<br />

hall, so you can enjoy a snack or coffee. while chatting with the vendor of your choice. You may<br />

find a morning or lunchtime vendor talk on a topic in a field which interests you. These often<br />

include food and the opportunity for lots of questions. They are definitely worth getting up early<br />

for. Unlike my last visit to PittCon, the vendors are mostly relevant to what you do, and you can<br />

walk past every display and talk to most in less than a day.<br />

If you have an interest in the finer points of lab management, there are evening sessions you won't<br />

want to miss. Meet lots of other folks with similar interests, and the AOAC volunteers who put<br />

together the glossy magazines on the topic.<br />

Bring lots of business cards, and work questions. Do your homework and plan for the best<br />

conference you will find next year. For the first time, the 2018 meeting will be in Toronto, so you<br />

need not cross into the USA to attend. AOAC-I offers discounted rooms in the host hotel, or you<br />

can ride the subway from any where in the big city, if you want to save money.<br />

10


11


WHAT IS NEW FOR MID-CANADA AOAC 29 th SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM<br />

Greetings Mid Canada AOAC Members!<br />

I am pleased to announce that big changes are<br />

coming for AOAC Day 2018! Make sure to mark<br />

your calendars, this year AOAC Day is April<br />

25th. Traditionally AOAC day was held in June,<br />

however this time of year proved to be a busy<br />

time for a lot of our members. In order to make<br />

AOAC Day more convenient for all, we have<br />

chosen a date that does not interfere with the<br />

academic calendar for both Post-Secondary and<br />

Primary/ Secondary education. We also ensured<br />

that the new date did not interfere with other<br />

conferences and events taking place in<br />

Winnipeg. Ultimately by changing the date of<br />

our event we aim to increase our member<br />

attendance. We also aim to increase our number<br />

of corporate members, and therefore creating<br />

better vendor and customer relations.<br />

Another change for AOAC Day 2018 is a change<br />

in venue. For many years AOAC Day was held<br />

at the Victoria Inn and Conference Centre. This<br />

year we have booked the Richardson College for<br />

the Environment and Science Complex at the<br />

University of Winnipeg. We are very pleased<br />

and excited about this new venue, holding our<br />

conference in a state- of -the-art science facility<br />

will have immense benefits for our members and<br />

organization.<br />

The Richardson College of the Environment<br />

(RCFE) was constructed in spring of 2011 and is<br />

one of the most energy efficient buildings in<br />

Manitoba. When the building was opened it was<br />

awarded the LEED (Leadership in Energy and<br />

Environmental Design) Silver certification. In<br />

2015 the building improved and was awarded<br />

JAMIE PETRACHEK<br />

the LEED Gold certification, making it one of the<br />

most energy efficient educational laboratory<br />

facilities in North America. RCFE is one of 108<br />

buildings in Manitoba that have achieved LEED<br />

certification and one of 36 that have attained<br />

gold status. Operating at about half of the<br />

energy of a conventional building, our new<br />

choice of venue will help to decrease our<br />

organizations’ carbon foot print.<br />

The Richardson College of the Environment<br />

(RCFE), is located in the heart of downtown<br />

Winnipeg, and is situated in the downtown<br />

campus of the University of Winnipeg. The<br />

centralized location is beneficial for all our<br />

members, with ample parking and easy public<br />

transit access. Holding our conference at the<br />

University of Winnipeg campus, will also allow for<br />

new opportunities for collaboration with the<br />

Department of Chemistry, Biology and<br />

Environmental Science. We are looking forward<br />

to the new opportunities this unique venue will<br />

bring to our organization.<br />

Our conference will be held in the Power<br />

Corporation of Canada Atrium of Richardson<br />

College. This atrium is an elegant green space<br />

with lots of natural daylight, thanks to the<br />

12


numerous double glazed argon filled windows.<br />

The atrium also features nine living fig trees and<br />

a 3,000 square foot wall made from reclaimed<br />

hard maple from old Winnipeg Roller Rink. We<br />

plan to hold our trade show in the atrium, filling it<br />

up with numerous vendor booths. In between<br />

the vendor booths, we plan to place poster<br />

boards, for our annual scientific poster<br />

presentations. We have also planned to have our<br />

coffee and snacks placed close to the vendor<br />

booths and poster boards. It is our goal increase<br />

the mingling between all members. Connected<br />

to the atrium are four classrooms, which have<br />

been booked for our Key Note Speakers and all<br />

other presentations. Additionally we now have<br />

access to lab space, where there is potential to<br />

have new interactive workshops. This unique<br />

layout will be relatively different than the<br />

traditional business conference style that was<br />

seen at the Victoria Inn. Ultimately we hope that<br />

this new layout will allow for more scientific<br />

collaboration and social networking for AOAC<br />

Day.<br />

We are looking forward to these exciting new<br />

changes for AOAC Day 2018 and are excited to<br />

hear feedback from our members!<br />

References:<br />

https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/Richar<br />

dson-College-at-U-of-W-earns-LEED-Gold-certifi<br />

cation-329816001.html<br />

http://mcs.uwinnipeg.ca<br />

First Annual Manitoba<br />

Chemistry Symposium<br />

May 4-5, 2018<br />

The University of Winnipeg<br />

Richardson College of the Environment<br />

and Science Complex<br />

599 Portage Avenue.<br />

Winnipeg, MB, Canada<br />

https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/about/fast-facts/richar<br />

dson-college.html<br />

http://leed.cagbc.org/LEED/projectprofile_EN.as<br />

px<br />

13


MID-CANADA AOAC CORPORATE MEMBERS<br />

14


20<strong>17</strong>/2018 Executives<br />

Ramin Vakili President president@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

Doug Goltz President Elect secretary@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

David Grant Past President vendors@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

David Grant Secretary secretary@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

We are looking forward to<br />

this year’s symposium and<br />

encourage you to join us as<br />

an executive member or<br />

volunteering your time.<br />

We can do more together.<br />

Tom Nowicki Treasurer treasurer@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

Jamie Petrachek Member-at-Large membership@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

Anja Richter Member-at-Large membership@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

Ray Bacala Member-at-Large<br />

Greg Sliva Member-at-Large<br />

Ayana Alipio Member-at-Large<br />

Michelle Holigroski Member-at-Large<br />

Contact Us:<br />

Brian Asher<br />

Jules Carlson<br />

Member-at-Large<br />

Member-at-Large<br />

membership@midcanadaaoac.org<br />

Mid-Canada AOAC<br />

PO Box 46091 Westdale PO<br />

6670 Roblin Blvd<br />

Winnipeg, MB R3R 3S3<br />

+1.204.202.9480<br />

Member-at-<br />

Edin Kurbegovic<br />

Large, Corporate<br />

Member-at-<br />

Shantel Gushue,<br />

Large, Corporate<br />

MARIE-JOSEE NADEAU<br />

ADMIN ASSISTANT/ EDITOR “THE FORMULA<br />

FORMULA@MIDCANADAAOAC.ORG<br />

15


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