CAPSS SOUVENIR- BHARANIKAZCHAKAL 2018

DIAGNOSING DIABETES
CATEGORIES OF DIABETES BASED ON DIAGNOSTIC
CRITERIA.
Normal FBS (Fasting Blood Glucose)--- Less than 100mg/
dl ( 5.6mmol/l)
OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) --- 2hr post load
glucose less than 140mg/dl (7.8mmol/l)
IFG (Impaired Fasting Glucose) --- more than 100mg/dl
(5.6mmol/l ) and less than 126mg/l (6.9 mmol/l)
IGT –OGTT – 2hr post load glucose levels between
140mg/dl (7.9mmol/l) to 199mg/dl ( 11.1mmol/l)
DIABETES--- Symptoms of diabetes plus plasma glucose
concentration more than 200 mgl/dl. The classic
symptoms include polyuria, polydipsia and unexplained
weight loss. OR FBS more than 126mg/dl OR 2 hr plasma
glucose more than 200mg/dl during an Oral Glucose
Tolerance Test.
CATEGORIES OF DIABETES:-
Type 1 Diabetes--- Commonly found in children and
teenagers.
Type 2 Diabetes—commonly found in young adults and
people over 40yrs.
Gestational Diabetes---Diabetes in pregnancy
TEST TO BE PERFOMED REGULARLY IN A PATIENT
OF DIABETES
COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
Macro vascular complications:
1: Cerebrovascular disease—Stroke
2: Coronary Artery Disease—Heart Attacks
3: Peripheral Artery Disease
Micro Vascular complications:
1: Diabetic neuropathy---Affecting the nerves.
2: Diabetic retinopathy—Eyes being affected.
3: Diabetic Nephropathy---Kidneys being affected.
4: Erectile Dysfunction---sexual dysfunction
CONCLUSION
Life style modification is the most effective tool in the
prevention or delaying the onset of Type 2 DM.
1: HbA1c—once in 3 months
2: FBS, PPBS---Once in a month
3: Lipid Profile—Once in year if normal/ if abnormal
once in 3 months.
4: Micro Albuminuria/ Kidney Function Test---Once in a
year (If normal)
5: Eye examination ---Once in a Year
6: Dental Examination – Once in 6 months.
The patient should do foot examination by self daily in
order to look for any minor cuts or wounds that might
go un noticed due to lack of sensation.
Modest weight loss of 5 to %10 of the body weight in an
over weight/obese individual can substantially reduced
the risk of new onset diabetes.
Moderate intensity physical activity also play and
important role in reducing diabetes risk even in the
absence of weight loss. A healthy balanced diet can
also help.
The prevention of Type 1 diabetes is more difficult task
considering the inheritable nature of the disease with
multiple genetic risk, which are modulated by a variety
of environmental risk factors.
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