SA_VOL1 SELF-EMPLOYED

SELECTED WORKS // 

VOL.1_SELF-EMPLOYED 

WOOJAE SUNG 성우제 

PRINCIPAL, LICENSED ARCHITECT IN NEW YORK, AIA 

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SEJONG UNIVERSITY 

E. ws@selective-amplification.net 

M. +82 10 4757 1353 

A. Suit 101, 121 Gunja-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05000, Korea 

WWW.SELECTIVE-AMPLIFICATION.NET 

ARCHITECTURE / INTERIOR / FACADE / PARAMETRIC DESIGN 

WOOJAE SUNG 성우제 

PRINCIPAL, LICENSED ARCHITECT IN NEW YORK, AIA 

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, SEJONG UNIVERSITY 

E. ws@selective-amplification.net 

M. +82 10 4757 1353 

A. Suit 101, 121 Gunja-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05000, Korea 

WWW.SELECTIVE-AMPLIFICATION.NET

WOOJAE SUNG 

AIA / RA NY 

ws@selective-amplification.net | +82 10 4757 1353 | www.selective-amplification.net 

WORK EXPERIENCE 

2017 - Current 

2009 - Current 

Sejong University . Seoul, Korea . Assistant Professor 

Seoul, Korea 

Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture 

Design Studio and Architectural Design Courses 

Selective Amplification . Seoul, Korea . Principal 

Seoul, Korea 

Venture Center, Sejong University Campustown 

Seoul Campustown Project Winning Entry / In Progress (To Be Completed in 2019) 

Seoul, Korea 

Speech at UIA 2017 Seoul 

Parametric Design in Digital Design and Fabrication Session, 2017 

Seoul, Korea 

Seoul Animation Center 

Proposal for Seoul Animation Center, 2016 

Busan, Korea 

Secluded Island 

Proposal for Commercial Complex, 2016 

Suncheon, Korea 

Art Quad - Oblique Function 

Proposal for a Community Center, 2016 

Goesan, Korea 

Senior/Junior Center 

Honorable Mention, Korean Rural Architecture Competition, 2015 

NY, USA 

Vestibule + 

Notable Entry, Folly 2014, The Architectural League NY, Socrates Sculpture Part, NY 


PV Tensegrity Forest 

Proposal for Installation, LAGI, Land Art Generator Initiative 2012 

MI, USA 

Parametric Design Installation 

Proposal for Installation, TAXFAB Digital Design Conference, 2012 


Component Wall 

Honorable Mention, Bentley Be Inspired Awards in Computational Design, 2009 

2015 - 2017 

Grimshaw Architects . New York, NY, U.S.A. . Associate 

Dubai, UAE 

Dubai Expo 2020 Sustainable Pavilion 

Main Canopy Design Leader / Project Architect, Expected Completion in 2019 

Yeongcheon, Korea 

Lets Run Park 

Design Leader / Project Architect, Ongoing Schematic Design Phase 

Hainan, China 

Botanical Wonders Museum 

Design Leader / Project Architect 

2015 

OMA . New York, NY, U.S.A. . Senior Architect 

New York, NY 

515 18th Street Residential Tower 


2013 - 2015 

SHoP Architects . New York, NY, U.S.A. . Senior Associate 

New York, NY 

Barclay’s Center Green Roof 

Design Leader / Project Architect, Completed in 2016 

Cleveland, OH 

Quicken Arena 

Interior Curtain Facade Design Leader / Project Architect, Ongoing Construction Documentation Phase 

Biscayne, Miami, FL 

Biscayne Residential Tower 


2009 - 2013 

Grimshaw Architects . New York, NY, U.S.A. . Intermediate Architect / Leader - Computational Design Unit 

Shanghai, China 

Disney Tomorrowland 

Project Designer, Completed in 2015 

FL, USA 

Miami Science Museum 

Facade Designer, Completed in 2017 

Incheon, Korea 

Incheon International Airport Passenger Terminal 2 Competition 

Facade Designer 

4 Mile Run Pedestrian-Cyclist Bridge Competition VA 

Project Designer 

New York, NY 

LaGuadia Airport Competition 

Facade Designer 

Seocheon, Korea 

Ecorium (National Ecological Institute) 

Project Designer, Completed in 2012

WOOJAE SUNG 

AIA / RA NY 


2003 - 2006 

Samoo Architects & Engineers . Seoul, Korea . Junior Architect 

JeonJu, Korea 

National Nanotechnology Integration Center 


GyeongGi, Korea 

Bio Organs Research & Production Center 

Designer 


College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University 


PyungChang, Korea 

Weekend Housing for Samsung Executives 

Designer 

Seoul, Korea 

Guest House, Sungkyunkwan University 



2nd Laboratory Building, Sungkyunkwan University 


LECTURE & TEACHING 

September, 2017 

Spring, 2016 

Fall, 2015 

Spring, 2015 

Fall, 2011 - Spring, 2013 

April, 2010 

Spring, 2009 - Fall, 2009 

Invited Speaker . UIA 2017, Seoul 

Parametric Design, Digital design & Fabrication 

Guest Lecturer . University of Pennsylvania 

Parametric design lecture and workshop for M.arch design studio 

Guest Lecturer . The City College of New York 

Parametric design lecture and workshop for B.arch design studio 

Guest Lecturer . University of Pennsylvania 

Parametric design lecture and workshop for M.arch design studio 

Advanced Parametric Design and Scripting . Harvard University GSD 

Advanced parametric design lecture and workshop for Digital Media course for graduate students 

DIGITAL Lecture Series . Syracuse University 

Parametric design lecture and workshop 

Grasshopper Workshop . Cornell University AAP 

Advanced parametric design lecture and workshop for graduate studios 

HONORS & AWARDS 

April, 2014 

April, 2014 

April, 2009 

October, 2008 

October, 2008 

April, 2008 

December, 2002 

Honorable Mention . 10th Korean Rural Architectural Competition (UIA) 

Notable Entries . Folly 2014 / The Architectural League NY 

Honorable Mention . Bentley Academic Be Inspired Award in the Computational Design competition 

Featured Student . AAP, Cornell University 

Selected Studio Work, Spring 08 . AAP, Cornell University 

Selected Studio Work, Fall 07 & Spring 07 . AAP, Cornell University 

First Prize : Graduation Work . Yonsei University 

PUBLICATION 

April 2015 - Current 

May 2009 

Parametric Design . Korean Architects Journal (by KIRA, Korea Institute of Registered Architects) 

Bimonthly Article about Parametric Design on Korean Architects Journal 

From Top Down to Bottom Up . Interviewed by Brett Duesing, Obleo Design Media (http://obleo.net) 

Bottom up design methodology through parametric tools 

CERTIFICATIONS 

November, 2014 

Licensed / Registered Architect New York State (#37422) / AIA (#38430055) 

Ncarb / Office of the Professions, NY State / The American Institute of Architects

WOOJAE SUNG 

AIA / RA NY 


EDUCATION 

December, 2008 

February, 2003 

August, 2000 

Cornell University . Ithaca, NY 

Master of Architecture 

Yonsei University . Seoul, Korea 

Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering 

Yonsei University . Seoul, Korea 

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

CONTENTS // 

VOL.1_SELF-EMPLOYED 

VENTURE CENTER // 

SEJONG CAMPUS TOWN 

SYMBIOSIS & INCOMPLETENESS // 

RURAL ARCHITECTURE COMPETITION 

ART QUAD, OBLIQUE FUNCTION // 

SUNCHEON ART PLATFORM 

01_SECLUDED ISLAND 

Introverted space configuration helps 

guest intermingle toward the rotunda 

space at the very center of the building. 

Chance encounters or unexpected visual 

connections among wide range of guests 

in different programs and activities let 

them easily explore the entire complex. 

On the other hand, being above the lobby, 

hotel and event suites not only have quite 

environment but also have wide open 

view to the city over the mountain. 

PARTS TO WHOLE // 

SEOUL ANIMATION CENTER 

SECLUDED ISLAND // 

BUNKER REGENERATION 

VESTIBULE+ // 

FOLLY 2014 THE ARCHITECTURAL 

LEAGUE, NY 

COMPONENT ARCHITECTURE // 

PARAMETRIC GRADIENT WALL 

CUT IT, CURLING IT UP // 

DYNAMIC TAPESTRY 

CHAOS + GRID // 

COORDINATED RANDOM GROWTH

20 

DESIG 

SHAW 

PARA 

WOOJ 

@ CITY 

SEP 2 

- 

ULTRA LIGHT // 

CARBON FIBER PAVILION 

DIGITAL DESIGN // 

LECTURES & WORKSHOPS 

PARAMETRIC DESIGN // 

UIA 2017 SEOUL 

SKETCHES // 

ARCHITECTURAL IDEAS 

XXX // 

XXX XXX XXX 

XXX // 

XXX XXX XXX 

XXX // 

XXX XXX XXX 

XXX // 

XXX XXX XXX 

XXX // 

XXX XXX XXX



@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2018 / SEOUL / KOREA / IN PROGRESS (TO BE COMPLETED BY 2019)



Sejong Venture Center was a part of Sejong University’s winning entry to Campus Town Competition hosted by the city of Seoul. Located 

at the southern tip of the campus, the container stacked building will provide spaces for animation/VR student start-ups. It also will 

accommodate character market and public spaces including gallery and arcade for the local community. The project is currently on design 

development phase, and will be built by 2019.

ground floor 

On ground floor, there will be two separate buildings; one on the south will host spaces for start up and local 

community, and one on the north will provide suporting facilities including management office. The two buildings will have a shared 

outdoor space with drop off which will naturally connect the two. There will be a court yard/gallery at the center of the main building 

surrounded by anymation character / vr market and retail spaces. 

BOH 

COURT YARD/GALLERY 

ARCADE 

CAR ACCESS 

DROP OFF 

DROP OFF 

BOH/MANAGEMENT OFFICE 

VENTURE CENTER/OFFICE 

RETAIL 

TOTEM 

ANIMATION/VR MARKET 

RETAIL 

GROUND FLOOR 

2nd floor 

On 2nd floor, container boxes will be stepping as being stacked in order to provide roof terace and indoor meeting 

spaces. Double height arcade will provide exhibition spaces along the one of the main axis of the building. 

BOH 

OPEN DESK/MEETING RM 

ARCADE 

RETAIL 

BOH 

VENTURE CENTER 

ROOF DECK 

ROOF DECK 

ROOF DECK 


ROOF DECK 

2ND FLOOR

3rd floor 

On 3rd floor, there will be two bridges; one connects the main building to the main campus to the right, which sits about 

7 meters higher in elevation. The other will connect the main building to the anex to the north. 

BOH 

OPEN DESK/MEETING RM 

BOH 

ARCADE/BRIDGE 

BRIDGE 


ROOF DECK 

ROOF DECK 

ROOF DECK 


3RD FLOOR 

roof 

The court yard at the center of the main building will have a glass roof forming an indoor atrium. 

BULKHEAD 

BULKHEAD 

BULKHEAD 

GLASS ROOF 

ROOF



@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2017 / SEOUL / KOREA / HONORABLE MENTION



We believe incompleteness of the buildings will naturally create needs forthe unfulfilled and then eventually attract users from the other 

building. Given the restrictions of area, budget, and predefined sets of programs, rather than designing them look complete and perfect, 

which we don’t believe it is achievable any ways, we wanted to help the two talk to each other and establish collaboration between them in 

a bigger picture. As a way of doing this, we as architects and designers took tectonic approaches basically testing out the idea of 

juxtaposition.

S A 

1 9 7 5 

A 

01. SYMBIOSIS & INCOMPLETENESS 

- 

The most important intention of the proposal is to differentiate two buildings from 

each other, by which we meant to make both of them incomplete in many different 

aspects and meanings. 

03 

04 

05 

Are you crazy? WHY? 

06 

Because we believe incompleteness of the buildings will naturally create needs for 

the unfulfilled and then eventually attract users from the other building. Given the 

restrictions of area, budget, and predefined sets of programs, rather than designing 

them look complete and perfect, which we don’t believe it is achievable any ways, we 

wanted to help the two talk to each other and establish collaboration between them 

in a bigger picture. As a way of doing this, we as architects and designers took tectonic 

approaches basically testing out the idea of juxtaposition. 

02 

10 

02. JUXTAPOSITION 

- 

To achieve symbiosis arising from the differences, we looked at lots of different but 

interesting ways of differentiation. Below are some of the most interesting but promising 

ideas ranging from building shapes, their relationship with the sites, transparency/opaqueness, 

types of human activities, etc.. 

01 

12 

11 

13 

STEP 01 - DEDUCTIVE (HORIZONTAL) VS ADDITIVE (VERTICAL) 

STEP 02 - WIDE OPEN VS ENCLOSED 

03. SENIOR CENTER // PYUNG-SANG & 

- 

The main concept of the senior center is Pyung-Sang (평상) which can be easily fou 

very interesting in that it provides flexible space for socializing especially for elderly 

hall as a huge Pyung-Sang where lots of different activity happens at the same tim 

social activities. This space also can work as a stage, for example for a fashion sh 

large space in a very high ceiling ware house building, we thought that sound attenu 

propose series of wood baffles along the spine of the building. It will naturally wor 

the space with warm ambient light. For better lighting condition for the guests, we 

north facing roof so we can take advantage of indirect illumination. A diagonal wal 

of densely installed bamboo batons. At the out most face of the building sit foldin 

into an open pavilion in a sec. As this entire space under the roof will be very flexibl 

senior lounges to more quite zone with minimal interruption - new extension on so 

the senior lounge. Also its sloped face toward the Pyung-Sang and Madang will be a 

on the stage. This sloping will naturally guide guests to the roof garden. 

SKY LIGHT ROOF ASSEMBLY 

FOR NORTH FACING ROOF 

EXISTING VENT TO STAY FOR 

NATURAL VENTILATION 

STEP 03 - TRANSPARENT VS TRANSLUCENT 

EXISTING WALL TO STAY 

BAMBOO BATTEN WALL 

STEP 04 - OUTDOOR ACTIVITY VS INDOOR ACTIVITY 

EXISTING FASCIA 

EXISTING COLUMNS T 

PYUNG-SANG / MULTI PURPOS HALL 

FOLDING GLASS WALL TRACK 

WIDE FLANGE LINTEL BETWEEN 

EXISTING COLUMNS 

MADANG 

OUTDOOR SITTING AREA

07 

08 

04. JUNIOR CENTER // INTANGIBLE BOUNDARY, CURTAIN 

- 

Unlike senior center, in the junior center, child care would be the foremost goal. That being said, we thought it wants to be of more 

controlled space rather than wide open to the public. In an effort to create boundaries which is very subtle and intangible not to be 

claustrophobic but somehow works, we thought about a curtain. It’s translucency gives you a feeling of protection, and could be a 

good way of demarcating your area. Also the way how it sways along with wind reflecting sun lights as it moves will give beautiful 

experiences for kids. Imagine you are sitting on a chair with your eyes closed right behind of the curtain. Sometimes the interplay 

between sun and wind will let the ray hit on your eyes and it goes away right after. We thought this psychological approach will be 

better than to put series of heavy cage around you. 

09 

SITE PLAN - SENIOR CENTER KEY FEATURES 

SCAL 1:200 

- 

01. MAIN ENTRANCE TO THE SITE 

02. OPEN SPACE - OUTDOOR STAGE / SITTING AREA 

03. ENTRANCE TO MULTI-PURPOSE HALL / 평상 

04. SKY LIGHT FACING NORTH 

05. ENTRANCE TO QUITE ZONE 

06. EXISTING CORRUGATED ROOF 

07. REUSE EXISTING VENT FOR NATURAL VENTILATION 

08. SERVICE ENTRANCE / LOADING 

09. SUB ENTRANCE TO THE SITE 

10. MAIN ENTRANCE TO SOUTH BUILDING 

11. ROOF GARDEN ON THE NEW EXTENSION 

12. OUTDOOR SITTING AREA / GREEN BERM 

13. PARKING 

WOOD FRAME TO HOLD THE CURTAIN 

CURTAIN. RECYCLED PVC RIBBON 

ATTACHED TO WOOD FRAME BEHIND 

FLAT ROOF ASSEMBLY 

MADANG 

nd in a suburban city near Seoul. We found it is 

people. Inspired by it, we propose multi-purpose 

e. The wide open space will be a great place for 

ow, small orchestra, etc. As we are dealing with 

ation would be problematic. To prevent, we also 

k as light reflector at the same time so as to lit 

propose series of sky light roof assembly to the 

l that divide multi-purpose hall will be made out 

g glass walls which converts the entire building 

e and from time to time a bit crazy, we relocated 

uth. This will house admin offices in addition to 

perfect spot for watching performance or shows 

OPERABLE WINDOW ASSEMBLY 

EGRESS STAIR 

WIRE MESH FIRE STAIR ENCLOSURE 

FOLDING WINDOW 

WIDE FLANGE STRUCTURAL STEEL COLUMN 


FOR NATURAL VENTILATION 

CONNECTION TO THE PROPOSED 

BUILDING EXTENSION 

MOST OF THE EXISTING 

BUILDING STRUCTURE TO STAY 

METAL DECK W/ LIGHT WEIGHT CONC' 

ON STEEL STRUCTURE 

EXISTING ROOF ASSEMBLY TO STAY 

EXISTING ROOF TRUSS TO STAY 

WOOD BAFFLE FOR SOUND ATTENUATION 

FOR LARGE SPACE AND ALSO AS LIGHT REFLECTOR 

EXISTING CLEARSTORY TO STAY 

01 

02 

04 

03 

SITE PLAN - JUNIOR CENTER KEY FEATURES 

SCAL 1:200 

- 

01. SUB ENTRANCE TO THE SITE 

02. ROOF GARDEN ON THE EXISTING BUILDING 

03. PARKING 

04. MAIN ENTRANCE TO THE BUILDING 

05. FUTSAL FIELD / COURT YARD 

06. FLOATING NEW EXTENSION 

07. CURTAIN 

08. MAIN ENTRANCE TO THE SITE 

05 

FOLDING GLASS WALL 

07 

TO STAY 

ROOF GARDEN / GREEN BERM 

06 

O STAY 

08

SENIOR CENTER // PLANS & RENDERS 

01 

02 

01. SKY LIGHT FACING NORTH 

02. EXISTING ROOF 

03. OUT DOOR STAGE 

04. OUT DOOR SITTING AREA (SLOPED) 

05. ROOF GARDEN 

06. PARKING 

03 

05 

04 

ROOF PLAN 

SCALE 1:100

S A 

1 9 7 5 

B 

SUB ENT. 

01 

02 

03 

06 

04 05 

07 

SUB ENT. 

SUB ENT. 

08 

17 

01. MULTI PURPOSE HALL (PYUNG-SANG) 

02. POCKET GARDEN 

03. MULTI PURPOSE ROOM 

04/05. REST ROOMS 

06. CORRIDOR 

07. ENTRY HALL 

08. COMMON KITCHEN AND WORK 

09. OFFICE 

10. STORAGE 

11/12. RESTROOMS 

13. HALL 

14/15. LOUNGE 

16. OUT DOOR SITTING AREA(SLOPED) 

17. OUT DOOR STAGE 

18. PARKING 

MAIN ENTRIES 

09 

MAIN ENT. 

14 

03 

06 

08 

16 

10 

11 

12 

13 

15 

F01 PLAN 

SCALE 1:100 

SUB ENT. 

01 

04 05 

SUB ENT. 

07 

02


02. STAIR 

03/04. MULTI PURPOSE 

05. SMALL LIBRARY 

06. SELF STUDY ROOM 

07. INTERNET ROOM 

08. FOREIGN LANGUAGE 

09. MEDIA ROOM 

10. STAIR 

11. REST ROOM 

13 

S A 

1 9 7 5 

C 

JUNIOR CENTER // PLANS & RENDER 

ROOF PLAN 

SCALE 1:100 

01 

0 

02 

03 

06 

04 

01/04. SHOWER 


05. STORAGE 

06. CORRIDOR 

07. WASHING ROOM 

08. KITCHEN 

09. COOKING PRACTICE 

10. BAKERY PRACTICE 

11. DINING ROOM 

12. STAIR 

13. STAIR 

F02 PLAN 

SCALE 1:100

01 02 

01 

02 

ROOM 

ROOM 

04 


02. STAIR 

03/04. MULTI PURPOSE ROOM 

05. SMALL LIBRARY 

06. SELF STUDY ROOM 

07. INTERNET ROOM 

08. FOREIGN LANGUAGE ROOM 

09. MEDIA ROOM 

10. STAIR 

11. REST ROOM 

03 

10 

08 06 

03 

05 04 

F03 PLAN 

SCALE 1:100 

11 

09 

07 

SUB ENT. 

13 

5 

02 

08 

08 09 10 

01 

04 05 06 

07 

03 

11 

12 

07 

09 

01. ENTRY HALL (SUB) 


04. BOOK CAFE 

05. COUNSELLING ROOM 

06. OFFICE 

07. BOOK CAFE HALL 

08. STORAGE 

09. MAIN ENTRY HALL 

10. FUTSAL FIELD 

11. STAIR 

12. MADANG 

13. PARKING 

10 

MAIN ENT. 

13 

11 12 

F01 PLAN 

SCALE 1:100

SECTIONS, ELEVATIONS 

EXISTING FASCIA TO REMAIN 



EXISTING CORUGATED ROOF ASSEMBLY 

ROOF S.L. 

400 

SENIOR CENTER : SOUTH ELEVATION 

SCALE 1:100 



EXISTING ROOF TRUSS TO STAY 

SKY LIGHT ROOF ASSEMBLY 

FOR NORTH FACING ROOF 

ROOF S.L. 

400 

4500 

6850 

2100 

4500 

250 

6850 

2100 

1ST F.F.L. 

1ST S.L. 

G.L 

RADIENT FLOOR HEATING 

WOOD BAFFLE 

FOR SOUND ATTENUATION 

AND LIGHT DIFFUSION 

BAMBOO BATON WALL 

WIDE FLANGE LINTEL BETWEEN EXISTING COLUMNS 

FOLDING WINDOW WALL 

250 

1ST F.F.L. 

1ST S.L. 

G.L 

RADIENT FLOOR HEATING 

SENIOR CENTER : LONGITUDINAL SECTION 

SCALE 1:100 

BAMBOO BATON WALL 

WOOD BAFFLE 

FOR SOUND ATTENUATION 

AND LIGHT DIFFUSION 

EXISTING CLEARSTORY BEHIND 

TO STAY 

OPERABLE WINDOW 

/ PROJECTING 

CURTAIN : RECYCLED 

PVC STRIP 

3RD S.L. 

JUNIOR CENTER : FACADE DETAIL 

SCALE 1:20 

BOLTED TO WOOD FRAME 

BEHIND W/ PVC WASHER 

STAINLESS 

STEEL FASCIA 

WOOD FRAME ATTACHED TO THE 

EDGE OF SLAB

S A 

1 9 7 5 

D 

CURTAIN : RECYCLED PVC STRIPE 


EXISTING BUILDING 

ROOF S.L. 

1160 

JUNIOR CENTER : SOUTH ELEVATION WITH CURTAIN 

SCALE 1:100 


FOR NATURAL VENTILATION 

3100 

3RD S.L. 

WIDE FRANGE LINTEL 

BETWEEN EXISTING COLUMNS 

2ND S.L. 

3100 3100 

10710 


WIRE MESH SCREEN FOR 

FIRE EGRESS STAIR 

1ST S.L. 

G.L 

250 


FLAT ROOF ASSEMBLY 

ROOF S.L. 

1160 


WIDE FRANGE LINTEL 

BETWEEN EXISTING COLUMNS 

3RD S.L. 

2ND S.L. 

3100 3100 

3100 

10710 

COMPOSITE METAL DECK SLAB 



JUNIOR CENTER : SOUTH ELEVATION WITHOUT CURTAIN 

SCALE 1:100 




TO REMAIN 

1ST S.L. 

G.L 

250 


ROOF S.L. 

1160 

COMPOSITE METAL DECK SLAB 


FIRE EGRESS EXIT 

3RD S.L. 

2ND S.L. 

3100 3100 3100 

10710 

1ST S.L. 

G.L 

250 

CURTAIN : RECYCLED PVC STRIPE 




JUNIOR CENTER : CROSS SECTION 

SCALE 1:100



@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2017 / SUNCHEON / KOREA



We imagined a great lawn – a wide open space with no obstruction that naturally lets people find their own way through it. As is often the 

case in many other lawns in urban contexts, quads, another interesting name implying their coexistence with and morphology into rigid 

urban grid systems, accumulate traces of pedestrian traffic on their surfaces. This naturally divide up areas into smaller patches that then 

can be mapped with different urban activities. We thought that this approach to site planning is more natural and effective in 

accommodating various activities than vice versa. Unlike most of quads are framed by surrounding building blocks in their specific urban 

contexts, the site doesn’t have any strong formal constraints in that sense. But we felt it right to connect view shed along south north 

direction bridging water front area all the way up to the tree on the parking lot of the adjacent building to the north of our site. This 

naturally gave us a good sized quad that potentially accommodate all the program requirements.

art quad, oblique function 

As Paul Virilio put it, “Being inclined, the wall becomes experiencable” provides a very useful 

mechanism for organically inter-connected space. By pulling up some of the vertices of the quad, we were able to tuck in most of the 

required spaces underneath and transformed the quad into continuous and occupiable green roof. In plan the circulation stays the same 

but is expanded vertically flowing along the series of slops. This continuous green roof stretching the entire site from south to north is 

supported by composite decking system composed of concrete slab and glulam, apparently inspired by Korean traditional rafter roofing 

system. The sedum of green roof on slopping condition will be held by guard net that keeps the soil media in stasis even in the steepest 

slope. As guests strolling along the oblique quad, they reach Yoenja-Ru at the southern tip of it with great view to the OK stream. 

01. PAL MA BI 

02. PARK HANG RAE MEMORIAL 

03. TREE TO STAY 

04. SUNKEN (CONNECTION TO UNDERGROUND MALL) 

05/08. SEATING AREA 

06/10. COURT YARD 

07. SKY LIGHT TO MAIN EXHIBITION SPACE BELOW 

09. RAMP TO YEONJA RU 

11. YEONJA RU BELOW 

12. OUTDOOR SCULPTURE GARDEN 

13. AMPI THEATER 

14. UNDESIGNATED LAWN FOR VARIOUS LOCAL ACTIVITIES 

15. CAR ACCESS / CAR PARK 

16. MAIN ENT. TO ADMINISTRATION OFFICE 

17. GROUND LEVEL ACCESS TO MAIN EXHIBITION SPACE 

18. CONNECTION TO UNDERGROUND MALL 

19. VISITOR CENTER 

20. VISITOR CENTER / MUSEUM ACCESS (B1 LEVEL) 

21. VISITOR CENTER ACCESS UNDER PORTE COCHERE 

22. MAIN ENT. TO CAFETERIA 

23. SUB ENT. TO ADMINISTRATION OFFICE 

24. MAIN ENT. TO YEONJA RU 

25. ROOF ACCESS 

26. MEANDERING PATH DIWB TO MAIN EXHIBITION HALL 

27. ACCESS TO MUSEUM/ROOF 

28. ACCESS TO WATER FRONT SEATING AREA

03 

15 

15 

05 

01 

14 

25 

23 

06 

16 

26 

14 

14 

12 

07 

17 

13 

14 

14 

27 

04 

14 

08 

09 

19 

18 

21 

14 

28 

11 

24 

10 

22 

02 

20

erent urban We activities. imagined We a great thought lawn that – a wide this approach open space with Unlike esting no most obstruction intersection of quads that are between naturally framed the by lets surrounding two people systems; find building recreational Then blocks we vs in thought functional. their specific about urban the underground contexts, the mall. It THE sits EDUCA E8 

Ive in accommodating ART their own QUAD way various through activities it. As // is than often OBLIQUE vice the versa. case in site many 01 doesn’t EXISTING other FUNCTION 

have lawns SITE any in strong urban FABRIC contexts, formal & ACCESS constraints quads, another 

interesting blocks in name their implying specific urban their coexistence contexts, the with shed and THE EDUCATIONAL 

in that 08 sense. a QUAD matter But - of we GREEN fact. felt it The PLATE 

SPACE 

02 CROSS PASSING PATHS right apparent to connect fix to view it is to provide 09 LIF wi 

nding building along morphology EXHIBITION south north into direction SPACE 

STORAGE 

rigid urban bridging grid systems, water front area sit all nicely the in way between RAMP up to the at 4 tree meters on the below parking ground. Rather We ma 

aints in that 02 

accumulate sense. CROSS But PASSING 

traces we felt of it PATHS 

pedestrian right to connect traffic on view 0309 VIEW 

SPACE LIFT CORRIDOR UP 

WORK SPACE 

0410 QUAD INSERT PROGRAMS UNDERNEATH 

ART QUAD 

their lot surfaces. of the adjacent This naturally building divide to the up areas north into of our smaller site. This 

ACTIVATING and naturally created gave a THE gentle us a 

UNDERGROUND 

good slope sized radiating quad from that the one this 11 EXH 

ADMINISTRATION 

of no th 

water front activating 

patches area all that the underground 

then way can up to be the mall 

mapped tree on with the different parking We thought MALL 

potentially 

Rather about 

urban activities. accommodate 

than the underground being a typical mall. 

We thought all the 

museum It sits 

that program 

space 8.125 

this approach requirements. 

where meters guests below were ground forced which to flow makes along it a even predefined and 

esting intersection between the two systems; recreatio valley, some 

04 QUAD 

f our site. This to site naturally planning gave is more us a natural good sized and quad effectIve that this 11 EXHIBITION not to be the SPACE case here AT anymore. JUNCTION 

VISITOR CENTER 

harder to access to it through the narrow stairs 

in accommodating 

as a matter of fact. 

various 

The 

activities 

apparent 

than 

fix to Chance 

vice 

it 

versa. 

is to provide encounter wide or serendipity open cut valley while which we are connects strolling around the qu 

requirements. 

We imagined a great lawn – a wide open space with no valley, obstruction is what that we are naturally trying lets to achieve people eventually find Then in 

CAFETERIA we thought about the underground mall. It sits 8.1 

Unlike the mall most into of ground quads are level framed and underground by surrounding parking 

their own way through it. As is often the case many 01 building EXISTING space 

other blocks lawns SITE can sit 

in urban their FABRIC nicely specific in 

contexts, & ACCESS between urban contexts, at 4 meters 

quads, another 

site interesting of triangular doesn’t name have patches any implying strong that their were formal coexistence derived constraints from with the in and that pedestrian morphology sense. But paths we into felt on rigid the it right urban lawn to and grid connect created systems, view a gentle sit slope nicely radiating in OPENING RAFTER 

the 08 below 

the 

a QUAD THE ground. 

project, and the pivotal point between the two has 

matter EXHIBITION - of GREEN fact. GLULAM We made 

The PLATE SPACE use of some 

RAMP apparent fix to it is to provide wide 

between from at 4 the meters one below of the ground. We made 

02 shed 08 CROSS QUAD along PASSING - south GREEN north PATHS PLATE direction bridging water front 09 LIFT area UP all the way up to the tree on the parking Rather than being a typical museum space where gues 

accumulate mall exits traces to the of other pedestrian side of traffic the site. on Overlapping their surfaces. the This valley naturally with divide the quad up areas gave us into an smaller interesting and intersection created YEONJA a gentle between RU slope the radiating two systems; from the one of the 

lot of the adjacent building to the north of our site. This naturally gave us a good sized quad that this not to be the case here anymore. Chance encounte 

patches that then can be mapped with different urban activities. We thought that this approach esting intersection 

EVENT SUITE 

between the two systems; OCCUPIABLE 

recreational vs functional. 

recreationa 

potentially accommodate all the program requirements. 

valley, (RIVER is what VIEW) we are trying to achieve eventually GREEN SLOPE in th 

to site planning is more natural and effectIve in accommodating ART QUAD various activities // than OBLIQUE vice versa. FUNCTION 

Unlike most of quads are framed by surrounding building blocks in their specific urban contexts, the THE EDUCATIONAL EXHIBITION 

COURT YARD 

SPACE 

STORAGE 

LIQUE 01 EXISTING FUNCTION 

SITE FABRIC & ACCESS 

08 QUAD - GREEN PLATE 

SPACE RAMP 

WORK SPACE 

site doesn’t have any strong formal constraints in that 02 sense. CROSS But PASSING we felt it PATHS right to connect view 0309 VIEW LIFT CORRIDOR UP 

OUTDOOR 10 INS 

OPENING 


ART QUAD 

SEATING ACTIV AREA 

shed along south north direction bridging water front area all the way up to the tree on the parking Rather than being a typical museum space where guests 

03 VIEW CORRIDOR 

0410 QUAD INSERT PROGRAMS UNDERNEATH 05 

lot of the adjacent building to the north of our site. This 

We imagined ACTIVATING 

naturally gave 

a great THE 

us a 

lawn UNDERGROUND 

good sized quad that this 11 CONNECT EXHIBITION YEONJA RU 

not WATER to be UNDERGROUND 

FRONT the SPACE case here AT anymore. JUNCTION MALLChance encounter 12 VISITOR RO 

– a wide open space MALL 

EVENT SUITE 

o 

with no obstruction SEATING that AREA 


valley, (RIVER is what VIEW) we are naturally trying lets to achieve people eventually find Then in CAFETE the w 

05 CONNECT UNDERGROUND MALL their 12 VISITOR 

own ROOF CENTER 

way through it. As is often the case in many other lawns -8.125 Min urban contexts, -4.0 M quads, anoth-SKer interesting Then CAFETERIA we thought name implying about the their underground coexistence mall. with and It sits morphology 8.125 COURT meters YARD 

LIGHT 

a matt 

pace with no obstruction that naturally lets people find 

into below rigid ground urban grid which systems, makes it even sit hard nice 

ase in many 01 EXISTING other lawns SITE in urban FABRIC contexts, & ACCESS quads, anoth-0ence with and morphology into rigid urban grid systems, patches sit nicely that then in between can at mapped 4 meters with below different ground. urban We activities. made use We of some thought of triangular that this approach patches that were esting deri 

08 CROSS 

accumulate a QUAD matter PASSING - 

traces of GREEN fact. of pedestrian The PATHS PLATE apparent traffic fix to on it their is to surfaces. provide 09 LIFT wide UPCAFETERIA 

-8.125 M 

-4.0 M 

This open naturally cut valley divide which up areas connects into smaller the mall into and grou cre 

0309 VIEW LIFT CORRIDOR UP 

10 INSERT PROGRAMS UNDERNEATH 

their surfaces. This naturally divide up areas into smaller to site and planning created is a more gentle natural slope radiating and effectIve from in the accommodating one of the mall various exits to activities the other than side vice of the versa. site. Overlappin 

erent urban activities. We thought that this approach Unlike VISITOR 

esting most CENTER 

intersection of quads are between framed the by surrounding two systems; building recreational blocks vs in functional. their specific urban contexts, the THE EDUCA E 

Ive in accommodating ART QUAD various activities // than OBLIQUE vice versa. 

MALL 

SPACE 

site doesn’t CAFETERIA FUNCTION 

have any strong formal constraints in that sense. ENT But we felt it right to connect view 

nding building blocks in their specific urban contexts, the shed THE EDUCATIONAL 

along EXHIBITION south north direction SPACE 

STORAGE 

bridging water front area all the way up to the tree on the parking Rather 

RAMP 

RAMP 

aints in that 02 sense. CROSS MALL 

SPACE 

WORK SPACE 

But PASSING we felt it PATHS right to connect view 0309 VIEW LIFT CORRIDOR UP 

ART QUAD 

lot of the adjacent building to the north of our site. This 


ACTIVATING 

naturally gave 

THE 

us a 

UNDERGROUND 

good sized quad that this 11 EXH 

ENT 

OPENING 


no 

water front area all the way up to the tree on the parking 

MALL 

E 

potentially 

Rather 

accommodate 

than being a typical 

all the 

museum 

program 

space 

requirements. 

where guests were forced to flow along a predefined and valley, some( 

04 QUAD 

05 

f our site. This naturally gave us a good sized quad that this 11 CONNECT EXHIBITION YEONJA 

not to be UNDERGROUND RU 

EVENT SUITE 

the SPACE case here AT anymore. JUNCTION MALLChance encounter 0612 CAR VISITOR ROOF or PARK CENTER 

serendipity ESCALATOR while we are strolling around the 13 LIF qu 

requirements. 

We imagined a great lawn – a wide open space with no valley, obstruction 

(RIVER is what VIEW) 

that we are naturally trying lets to achieve people eventually find Then in CAFETERIA the we project, thought B1 ACCESS and about the pivotal the underground point between mall. the It two sits has 8.1 

their 06 own CAR way PARK through it. As is often the case in many 01 EXISTING other 13 LIFT lawns -8.125 SITE Min urban FABRIC contexts, &-4.0 ACCESS M quads, another 

interesting name implying their coexistence with and 

08 a QUAD matter - of GREEN fact. GLULAM 

RAMP The PLATE apparent fix to it is to provide wide 

COURT YARD 

EDUCATIONAL 

STORAGE 

morphology into rigid urban grid systems, sit nicely in OPENING 

RAFTER 

between RAMP at 4 meters below ground. We made 

0208 CROSS QUAD PASSING - GREEN PATHS PLATE 

0309 VIEW 


WORK SPACE 


accumulate traces of pedestrian traffic on their surfaces. This naturally divide up areas ADMINISTRATION 

into smaller and created YEONJA a gentle RU slope radiating from the one of the 

patches that then can be mapped with different urban activities. We thought that this approach esting intersection EVENT SUITE between the two systems; OCCUPIABLE 

0410 QUAD INSERT PROGRAMS UNDERNEATH 11 EXHIBITION SPACE AT JUNCTION 


recreationa 

(RIVER VIEW) 

GREEN SLOPE 

to site planning is more natural and effectIve in accommodating various activities than vice versa. 

CAFETERIA 

Unlike VISITOR most CENTER of quads are framed by surrounding building blocks in their specific urban contexts, the THE EXHIBITION COURT YARD 

OPEN STEPS 

EDUCATIONAL GLULAM RAMP 

SPACE 

STORAGE 

MALL 

SPACE 

WORK (COVERED SPACE SEATING A 

site doesn’t have any strong formal constraints in that sense. But we felt it right to connect view 

OUTDOOR 

CAFETERIA 

ENT 

OPENING RAFTER CAR PARK 


SEATING AREA 

shed along south north direction bridging water front area all the way up to the tree on the parking Rather than UNDERGROUD being a typical museum space where guests 

03 VIEW CORRIDOR 


YEONJA RU 

OPEN SLOPE INDOOR SCUL 

lot of the adjacent building 

CAR 

to 

PARK 

the north of our site. This 

04 QUAD 

naturally gave us a good sized quad that 

05 this 11 CONNECT EXHIBITION not WATER MALL 

EVENT 

to be UNDERGROUND ACCESS FRONT 

SUITE 

the MALL 

SPACE case here AT anymore. JUNCTION MALLChance (COVERED) 

encounter 12 ROGA 

o 

SEATING AREA ENT 


valley, (RIVER is what VIEW) we are trying to achieve eventually in the 

05 CONNECT UNDERGROUND MALL 0612 CAR VISITOR ROOF PARK CENTER 

0713 LANDSCAPE LIFT BERM 

14 COURT INS 

0107 EXISTING LANDSCAPE -8.125 SITE M FABRIC BERM &-4.0 ACCESS M 

EDUCATIONAL 

0309 VIEW 


0511 CONNECT EXHIBITION UNDERGROUND SPACE AT JUNCTION MALL 

-8.125 M 

MALL 

ENT 

04 QUAD 

06 CAR PARK 

02 CROSS MALL PASSING PATHS 

ENT 


0612 CAR VISITOR ROOF PARK CENTER 

CAFETERIA 

05 CONNECT UNDERGROUND MALL 

EDUCATIONAL 

-8.125 M 

03 VIEW 

SPACE 

CORRIDOR 

-8.125 M 

MALL 

ENT 

-4.0 M 


0713 LANDSCAPE LIFT BERM 

06 CAR PARK 0713 LANDSCAPE LIFT BERM 

MALL 

ENT 

-4.0 M 

YEONJA CAR RUPARK 

STORAGE 

WORK SPACE 


CAFETERIA 

0208 CROSS 14 QUAD INSERT PASSING - GREEN PROGRAM PATHS PLATEUNDERNEATH 

0410 QUAD INSERT RIVER VIEWPROGRAMS UNDERNEATH 


CAFETERIA 

EDUCATIONAL GLULAM 

SPACE RAMP 

OPENING RAFTER 

0511 CONNECT EXHIBITION YEONJA UNDERGROUND RUSPACE AT JUNCTION MALL 

MALL 

EVENT SUITE ENT 

(RIVER VIEW) 

13 LIFT-8.125 M 

EDUCATIONAL COURT YARD 

0309 VIEW 



WATER FRONT 

SEATING AREA 

-8.125 M 

MALL 

ENT 

CAFETERIA 

0612 CAR ROOF PARK 

MALL 

ENT 

0410 QUAD INSERT RIVER VIEWPROGRAMS UNDERNEATH 



ESCALATOR 

CAFETERIA B1 ACCESS 

GLULAM 

RAFTER 

YEONJA CAR RUPARK 

RIVER VIEW 

EDUCATIONAL 

SPACE 

STORAGE 

WORK SPACE 


MALL 

ENT 

CAFETERIA 

RAMP 

ESCALATOR 

B1 ACCESS 

GLULAM 

RAMP RAFTER YEONJA RU 


ESCALATOR 

CAFETERIA B1 ACCESS 

GLULAM RAMP 

OPENING RAFTER 

UNDERGROUD 

YEONJA RU 

EVENT WATER MALL ACCESS 

SUITE FRONT MALL 

(RIVER SEATING VIEW) AREA ENT 

13 LIFT OUTDOOR 

EDUCATIONAL COURT SEATING YARD 

SPACE CAFETERIA 

ESCALATOR 

B1 ACCESS 

STORAGE 

WORK SPACE 

RIVER VIEW 

RAMP YEONJA RU 


INDOOR SCULPTURE 

GARDEN ESCALATOR 

B1 ACCESS 

COURT YARD GLULAM 

RAFTER 

YEONJA RU 

RIVER VIEW 

UNDERGROUD 

MALL ACCESS 

04 QUAD 0511 CONNECT EXHIBITION UNDERGROUND SPACE AT JUNCTION MALL 12 ROOF 

RAMP 

UNDERGROUD 

WATER MALL ACCESS FRONT MALL 

SEATING AREA ENT 

0612 CAR ROOF PARK 0713 LANDSCAPE LIFT BERM 

14 INSERT PROGRAM UNDERNEATH 

RIVER VIEW 

MALL 

ENT 

MALL 

ENT 

MALL 

ENT 

07 LANDSCAPE BERM 

-4.0 M 

CAR PARK 

CAR PARK 

STORAGE 

WORK SPACE 


12 ROOF 

13 LIFT 

RAMP 


-4.0 M 


MALL 

ENT 

YEONJA RU 

CAR PARK 

YEONJA RU 

CAR PARK 

-4.0 M 

-8.125 OUTDOOR 

M -4.0 M 

SEATING 

CAFETERIA 

STORAGE 

WORK SPACE 



-8.125 OUTDOOR 

M 

EDUCATIONAL COURT SEATING YARD 

CAFETERIA 

09 SPACE LIFT UP 

11 EXHIBITION SPACE AT JUNCTION 

10 INSERT RIVER VIEWPROGRAMS UNDERNEATH 

12 ROOF 

UNDERGROUD 

WATER MALL ACCESS FRONT 

SEATING AREA 

OUTDOOR 

SEATING 

CAFETERIA 

11 EXHIBITION SPACE AT JUNCTION 

13 LIFT 



WATER FRONT 

SEATING AREA 



-4.0 M 


CAR PARK 


SKY LIGHT 

STORAGE 

WORK SPACE 

RIVER 


ADMINISTR 

E 

( 

13 LIF 

W 

SE 

OPEN STEPS 

(COVERED SEATING A 

OPEN SLOPE INDOOR SCUL 

VISITOR (COVERED) 

CENTER GA 

14 INS 

COURT 

MULTI PURPOSE 

STORAGE 

AUDITORIUM 

WORK SPACE 

RIVER 


INDOOR SCULPTU 

ADMINISTR GARD 

COURT YA 

ADMINISTRAT 

U 

WM 

SE 

INDOOR SCUL 

VISITOR CENTER GA 

COURT

OCCUPIABLE 

GREEN SLOPE 

OUTDOOR 

SEATING AREA 

SKY LIGHT 

RAMP 

OPENING 

YEONJA RU 

EVENT SUITE 

(RIVER VIEW) 

COURT YARD 

GLULAM ROOF 

STRUCTURE 

OPEN STEPS 

(COVERED SEATING AREA) 

OPEN SLOPE 

(COVERED) 

RAMP 

DOUBLE HEIGHT 

EXHIBITION SPACE 

RAMP OPENING 

GLULAM 

RAFTER 

OUTDOOR 

SEATING AREA 

WATER FRONT 

SEATING AREA 

CAFETERIA 


MULTI PURPOSE 

AUDITORIUM 

GLULAM 

RAFTER 

OUTDOOR SCULPTURE 

GARDEN 

EXHIBITION 

PLATFORM 

ESCALATOR 

B1 ACCESS 

MEANDERING 

PATH 

UNDERGROUD 

MALL ACCESS 

OUTDOOR 

SEATING 

INDOOR SCULPTURE 

GARDEN 

COURT YARD 

ADA PARKING 


DROP OFF 

PARKING 

RAMP

SECTION (S-N) 

CAR 

ENT 

0 

06 

33 

OFFICE 

SUB ENT 

22 

05 

20 21 

05 

23 24 

19 

06 

OFFICE 

SUB ENT 

05 

OFFICE 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

16 

06 

07 

OFFICE 

ENT 

17 

18 

08 

OFFICE 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

15 

06 

07 

24 

19 

OFFICE 

SUB ENT 

22 

20 21 

04 

SECTION (W-E) 

25 

13 

28 

26 

27 

08 

08 

14 

22 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

21 

OFFICE 

ENT 

17 

18 

OFFICE 

ENT 

29 

31 

MUSEUM 

22ENT (B1) 

22 

12 

30 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

23 

23 

08 

11 

21 

10 

09 

09 

23 

11 10 

11 

09 12 

10 

12 

12 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 17 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

17 

ENT 

18 

01 

03 

32 

12 

07 19 

17 

07 

05 

19 

17 

06 

17 20 

06 

16 

01. UNDERGROUND MALL ENT 

02. 18 

17 20 

STAGE 

16 

03. OUTDOOR SEATING AREA 

04. 18 OUTDOOR DINNING AREA 

05. GALLERY 

06. INDOOR VISITOR SCULPTURE CENTERGARDEN 

07. STAGEENT 


09. COURT YARD 

10. RAMP TO YOEN JA RU 

14 13 


14 

ENT13 

15 

15 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

10 

02 

02 

03 

04 

YEONJA RU / RESTAURANT 

ENT 

09 

33 

OFFICE YEONJA RU 

SUB MAIN ENT ENT 

01 

27 

05 

SITOR CENTER 

T 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

SEUM 

T (B1) 

12 

SEUM 

T (B1) 

12 

07 

23 24 

17 

19 

MUSEUM 16 

SYSTEMFILTER 

ENT 

YEONJA RU / RESTAURANT 

STYROFOAM INSULATION 

ENT 

MAT EROSION BLANKET OFFICE 

ENT 

15 

15 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

14 

14 

11 

11 

16 

20 21 

06 


ROOF PLAN ENT 

23 OFFICE 

24 

33 

19 SUB ENT 

SCALE 1:300 

01. OCCUPIABLE ROOF (SEATING AREA) 22 

02. COURT YARD (YEONJA RU) 


20 OFFICE 21 

ENT 

17 

22 

04. SKY LIGHT TO GALLERY BELOW 

05. COURT YARD (OFFICE) 

06. OCCUPIABLE ROOF (SEATING AREA) 

GROWING MEDIA 

DRAIN MAT 

TENDON STOP ASSEMBLY 

GARDNET 

SYSTEMFILTER 

ANCHOR UNDER MEDIA AND 

INSTALL UP ONTO INSIDE FACE OF 

GARDNET CELL 

DRAIN MAT EROSION BLANKET 

TURN DOWN AND SECURE EDGE 

OF 10GARDMAT ALONG FACE OF 

GARDNET CELL 


09 

GREEN ROOF BUILD-UP DETAIL 

08 

SCALE 1:20 

10 

07 07 

18 

OFFICE 

ENT 

18 

CONTINUOUS, PERFORATED 

ATTACHMENT BRACKET 

CLOSED EYEBOLT ASSEMBLY 

TENDON OFFICE LOOP AND OVAL 


ENT 

DRAINAGE MAT 

TENDON STOP ASSEMBLY 

GROWING MEDIA 

SYSTEMFILTER 

WATERPROOFING 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

GROUND FLOOR PLAN 

SCALE 1:300 

01. OUTDOOR SEATING 

02. RESTROOMS 

03. OPEN KITCHEN 

04. BAR/DINING AREA 

05. RECEPTION 

06. GALLERY 

07. AV ROOM 

08. MULTI-PURPOSE AUDITORIUM 

09. EXPERIENCE ROOM 

10. GREEN ROOF/SLOPE 

11. TEMPORARY EXHIBITION (B1) 

12. AMPITHEATER STAGE (B1) 

13. OUTDOOR SCLUPTURE GARDEN ON SLOPE 

14. INDOOR SCULPTURE GARDEN ON SLOPE 

15. FOYER 



18. RECEPTION 

19. KITCHEN/OPEN OFFICE FOR CURATORS 

20. MEETING ROOM 

21. STORAGE 

22. OFFICE 

23. WORKSHOP 

24. RESTROOMS 

25. RESTROOMS 

26. STAFF AREA 

27. DINING AREA 

28. OUTDOOR SEATING (STEPPED) 

29. RESTROOMS 

30. YEONJA RU (EVENT SUITE) 

31. CATERING ROOM 

32. COURT YARD/OBSERVATION DECK 

33. ADA PARKING 

SECTION (S-N) 

SCALE 1:300 

ROOF (GL +11.90) 

2ND FL (GL +5.50) 

GROUND FL (0.00) 

25 

26 

27 

01. OCCUPIABLE ROOF (SEATING AREA) 

02. COURT YARD (YEONJA 

28 

RU) 


04. SKY LIGHT TO GALLERY BELOW 

05. COURT YARD (OFFICE) 

06. OCCUPIABLE 25 ROOF (SEATING AREA) 

26 

27 

29 

25 

29 

04 

02 

28 

2ND FLOOR 

3RD FLOOR 

31 

26 

28 

31 

03 

03 

30 

30 

01 

27 

32 

32 

SECTION 

SCALE 1: 

ROOF (GL +11 

2ND FL (GL +4 

GROUND FL (0 

01. UNDERGROUND MALL ENT 

02. STAGE 

05 

03. OUTDOOR 

06 

SEATING AREA 

04. OUTDOOR DINNING AREA 

05. GALLERY 

06. INDOOR SCULPTURE GARDEN 

07. STAGE 07 

08 



10. RAMP TO YOEN JA RU

5 

04 

02 

S A 

0 4 1 5 

B 

29 01 

04 

02 

29 

04 

02 

05 

MALL 

28 EXIT 

04 02 

25 

27 

26 

27 

01 

28 

MALL 

EXIT 

27 

07 

01 

01 

28 

03 

06 

07 

03 

03 

21 

03 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

08 

29 

31 

30 

09 

21 

32 

MUSEUM MUSEUM 

ENT ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

19 

11 10 

12 

20 

16 

12 

14 13 

22 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

23 25 

09 

02 

11 10 

12 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

129 

01 

/ ELEVATION (W-E) 

300 

.90) 

24 

24 

25 

25 

15 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

MUSEUM 

ENT 

26 

26 

02 

02 

01 

01 

09 

17 

17 20 

24 

31 

16 

18 

30 

01. OUTDOOR SEATING 

02. RESTROOMS 

03. OPEN KITCHEN 

04. BAR/DINING AREA 

05. RECEPTION 

06. GALLERY 

07. AV ROOM 

08. MULTI-PURPOSE AUDITORIUM 



B1/B2 FLOOR PLAN 

11. TEMPORARY EXHIBITION (B1) 

12. AMPITHEATER 01. STAGE HALL 

SCALE (B1) 

13. OUTDOOR SCLUPTURE 02. STORAGE 

1:300 

GARDEN ON SLOPE 

14. INDOOR SCULPTURE 03. 01. HALL PARKING GARDEN 100 + ON 2 TRUCK SLOPE LOADING 

15. FOYER 04. 02. STORAGE PARKING RAMP 

16. GREEN ROOF/SLOPE 05. 03. PARKING MEP 100 + 2 TRUCK LOADING 

17. COURT YARD06. 04. STORAGE PARKING RAMP (WORK SPACE ANEX) 

18. RECEPTION 07. 05. LOADING MEP DOCK 

19. KITCHEN/OPEN 08. 06. STORAGE 

OFFICE PERMANENT (WORK 

FOR CURATORS COLLECTION SPACE ANEX) 

20. MEETING ROOM 09. 07. LOADING TEMPORARY DOCK EXHIBIT 

08. PERMANENT COLLECTION 

21. STORAGE 

22. OFFICE 11. 09. MULTI TEMPORARY PURPOSE EXHIBIT AUDITORIUM 

23. WORKSHOP 12. REST ROOMS 

24. RESTROOMS13. 11. MULTI STAFF PURPOSE OFFICE AUDITORIUM 

25. RESTROOMS14. 12. REST PREPARATION ROOMS ROOM 

26. STAFF AREA15. 13. STAFF CAFE/RESTAURANT 

OFFICE 

27. DINING AREA16. 14. MUSEUM PREPARATION SHOPROOM 

28. OUTDOOR SEATING 17. 15. SHOWER/TOILET/CHANGING CAFE/RESTAURANT 

(STEPPED) 

ROOM 

29. RESTROOMS18. 16. MUSEUM PANTRY SHOP 

17. SHOWER/TOILET/CHANGING ROOM 

30. YEONJA RU (EVENT SUITE) 

31. CATERING ROOM 20. 18. PANTRY MEETING ROOM 

32. COURT YARD/OBSERVATION 21. INDOOR SCULPTURE DECK GARDEN 

33. ADA PARKING 22. 20. OUTDOOR MEETING ROOM SCULPTURE CARDEN 

23. 21. INDOOR AMPI-THEATER SCULPTURE STAGE GARDEN 

24. 22. OUTDOOR SCULPTURE DINNING AREA CARDEN 

25. 23. AMPI-THEATER OUTDOOR SEATING STAGE AREA 

26. 24. STAGE OUTDOOR (LEVEL DINNING B2) AREA 


26. STAGE (LEVEL B2) 

01 

19 

32 26 

14 13 

10. EXPERIENCE ROOM WITH RETRACTABLE SEATING 


19. STORAGE (LOCAL INFORMATIONAL MATERIALS) 


15 

MALL 

EXIT 

27 

25 

01. HALL 

02. STORAGE 

03. MUSEUM PARKING 100 + 2 TRUCK LOADING 

04. ENT PARKING RAMP 

05. MEP 

06. STORAGE (WORK SPACE ANEX) 

07. LOADING DOCK 

08. PERMANENT COLLECTION 24 

09. TEMPORARY EXHIBIT 


11. MULTI PURPOSE AUDITORIUM 

12. REST ROOMS 

13. STAFF OFFICE 

14. PREPARATION ROOM 

15. CAFE/RESTAURANT 

16. MUSEUM SHOP 


18. PANTRY 




22. OUTDOOR SCULPTURE CARDEN 

23. AMPI-THEATER STAGE 



26. STAGE (LEVEL B2) 

27. ENTRY TO UNDERGROUND SHOPPING MALL 

28. HALL 

29. STORAGE 

30. STAGE / OUTDOOR SEATING AREA 


32. TAKE OUT CAFE 

26 

02 

01 

31 

32 

30 

29 

MALL 

EXIT 

27 

01. HALL 

2ND FL (GL +4.00) 

02. STORAGE 

03. PARKING 100 + 2 TRUCK LOADING 

04. PARKING RAMP 

05. MEP 

ROOF (GL +11.90) 


06. STORAGE (WORK SPACE ANEX) 

07. LOADING DOCK 

08. PERMANENT COLLECTION 

09. TEMPORARY EXHIBIT 

10. EXPERIENCE ROOM WITH RETRACTABLE SEATI 

11. MULTI PURPOSE AUDITORIUM01 

12. REST ROOMS 

13. STAFF OFFICE 

14. PREPARATION ROOM 

15. CAFE/RESTAURANT 

16. MUSEUM SHOP 


18. PANTRY 

19. STORAGE (LOCAL INFORMATIONAL MATERIALS 



22. OUTDOOR SCULPTURE CARDEN 

23. AMPI-THEATER STAGE 



01. 

26. 

UNDERGROUND 

STAGE (LEVEL B2) 

MALL ENT 

02. STAGE 



05. GALLERY 


07. STAGE 



10. RAMP TO YOEN JA RU 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

32. 

.00) 

.00) 

10 

06 

08 

04 05 

07 

01 02 03 

09 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 15 15 

01 

16 

ROOF (GL +8.50) 

2ND FL (GL +4.00) 


01. OCCUPIABLE ROOF 

02. YEON JA RU 

03. RESTAURANT/BAR 


05. RAMP UP TO YEON JA RU 

06. VISITOR CENTER 

07. CAFE/LOCAL INFO GALLERY 

08. PREPARATION ROOM/STAFF AREA 


10. TEMPORARY EXHIBITION 

11. INDOOR SCLUPTURE GARDEN 

12. PERMANANT COLLECTION 

13. CAR PARK 

14. COURT YARD TO OFFICE 

15. OPEN OFFICE / MEETING ROOM / OFFICE 

16. DROP OFF



@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2017 / SEOUL / KOREA



The programs of Seoul Animation Center shall be rendered into three major sections – ‘Creative Factory,’ ‘Market Convention’ and ‘Imagery 

Playground.’ ‘Creative Factory’ shall become a productive section as a space for creative companies, with the aim to perform rearrangement 

and alteration of functions of Animation Town, a core figure of Seoul Imagination Industry. ‘Market Convention’ is a communicative section 

as a circulation platform in which the ‘market,’ signifying the long-term goal of industrial function, is joined with ‘Convention,’ a spatial idea 

with a modern reinterpretation of a market that serves as a temporary and integrated event space. ‘Imagery Playground’ is an enjoyment 

(play) section that shall attract citizens and experiences, composed of a theatre, contents playground, a library and many more. 

- competition brief -

site planning 

소파로에 면한 대지의 북측 및 서측의 고저차가 2개층의 높이에 해당하기에 이를 적극적으로 활용하는 공간 배치 및 접근에 

대한 고려. 대지 북측으로 명동방면에서 유입되는 보행자 접근(지하2층 레벨), 대지 서측으로 버스 및 자가용을 이용한 접근 (지상 1층 레벨), 그리고 향후 

예장자락 개발이 됨을 고려했을 때 남산 예술센터의 위를 지나는 대지 동측으로의 접근(지하1층 레벨)의 큰 세가지 접근을 고려. 각기 다른 레벨의 세개의 

진입공간이 연결되는 연속적인 동선의 흐름은 자연히 대지를 남북의 두개의 영역으로 구획하며 남측은 건폐율 30%에 해당하는 건물의 영역으로 북측은 인접한 

소파로및 보행자 동선과 연결되는 야외 놀이및 전시 공간과 오픈스페이스로 전용하게 됨.

LV. B2 

OUTDOOR EXHIBITION 

FRAME/CANOPY 

ENTRY 

PLAZA 

PLAY GROUND 

OUTDOOR SEATING 

UNDER CANOPY 

BUS STOP 

LV. F1 

DN 

OUTDOOR 

STAGE 

DN 

LV. B1 

ENTRY 

PLAZA 

DROP OFF 

DN

AXONOMETRIC DIAGRAM I 

7-○. ○○○○○ 

VOXEL 


PLAYGROUND 

CONVENTION 

EVENT 

MODULAR PLAY STRUCTURE 

FORMAL OFFICES 

INFORMAL 

OFFICES 


EXHIBITION 

SMALL CONVENTION 

THEATER 

• 기존 애니메이션 센터에 있는 정방형의 프레임 구조는 작게는 캐릭터의 전시를 위한 용도로 사용될 

CAR PARK 

MEP 

수도 있고 확장될시에는 놀이 시설을 설치하거나 외부 캐노피로 활용될 수 있는 유연한 플랫폼으로 

활용 가능하기에 재미있을뿐 아니라 실용적인 헤리티지임. 

• 저마다 유연성을 가진 작은 모듈들이 서로 조합되어 확장될 때 전체적인 시스템이 다양한 필요성의 

변화에 조금 더 유연하게 대처할수 있을것이라 생각됨. 

• 작은 입방체인 복셀은 크기에 따라 여러가지 프로그램을 수용할수 있으며 또한 삼차원으로 배치시 

대지의 고저차 및 층간의 수직적인 이동을 도울뿐 아니라 건물/랜드스케이프 전체가 일관된 디자인 

언어로서 프로그램상의 요구조건을 만족하면서 하나로 융합되도록 도와주는 매개체가 됨. 

• 전체적으로 두개의 큰 복셀이 자리잡게 되며 놀이터, 야외 극장, 야외 전시시설등의요소를 포함하는 

열린 프레임 구조로서의 입방체와, 필요한 프로그램을 수용하는 구획된 공간들의 집합체로서의 건 

물로 구현됨. 

PLAZA 

LOBBY / ATRIUM 

EXHIBITION

AXONOMETRIC DIAGRAM II 

프로그램 

• 건폐율및 높이와 층수의 제한으로 인하여 상당부분의 프로그램을 지하층에서 소화하여야 함. 

• 대규모 컨벤션센터는 오픈 플랜과 높은 층고를 위해 지하 2층에 계획하고 대지 고저차를 이용 

한 북측 광장을 통해 진입하도록 계획함. 

• 창작팩토리는 채광이 유리한 지상 2-3층에 계획하고 이와 수직적으로 연결되는 소규모 전시 

공간을 지하 1층과 지상 1층에 계획하여 입주회사들이 상시 이용할수 있도록 계획함. 

• 일반 대중및 창작자들이 많이 이용하게 될 아카데미와 임시 전시시설 및 카페등은 1층에 배치 

하여 메인 로비로 진입시 바로 접근할수 있도록 함. 

• 대지 북측 지하 2층레벨에 위치한 진입광장과 대지 서측 소파로를 면한 지상 1층레벨에 위치한 

진입광장의 중간지점에 지하 1층 레벨의 또다른 광장을 제안하고 이들의 연속적인 연결을 통 

해 각각의 프로그램들을 유기적으로 연결해줌. 복셀로 만들어진 경사로는 중간중간 전시나 작 

은 규모의 모임을 할수 있는 참을 중간 중간 제안함으로써 상층부의 작업공간과 하층부의 관람 

공간을 시각적/물리적으로 연결하는 중간적인 성격을 가지게 됨. 

• 대지 북서측의 경사지형을 이용, 보도에서 직접적으로 접근이 가능한 리테일 공간을 마련함. 

FORMAL/INFORMAL OFFICES 

PLAYGROUND / OUTDOOR EXHIBITION 

PLAZA / EVENT 

LOBBY 

EDUCATION 

THEATER 

CONVENTION 

CAR PARK 

MEP 



INFORMAL 

OFFICES 


PLAYGROUND 

CONVENTION 

EDUCATION 

EVENT 

PLAZA 

LOBBY / ATRIUM 

EXHIBITION 

EXHIBITION 

SMALL CONVENTION 

THEATER 

CAR PARK 

MEP

ground floor 우측으로 야외 전시공간및 놀이터가 위치하며 대지 중간에 위치한 지하 1층 레벨의 야외 플라자로 경사로를 통해 연결이됨. 1 

층에는 주민과 학생들의 접근이 용이하도록 아카데미와 카페, 그리고 작은 전시공간및 안내데스크가 위치하게됨. 놀이터는 격자형식의 오픈 프레임으로 

덥혀있어서 기존의 에니메이션 센터가 그러하듯 캐릭터를 야외에 전시할수 있으며 차양의 역할도 하게 됨. 격자 프레임을 이용하여 다양한 놀이기구또한 

설치가능함. 

TRUCK 

MANEUVERING 

SPACE 

ACADEMY (L) 

ACADEMY (S) 

DN 

UP 

ENTRY PLAZA BELOW 

PIXELATED STAIR/RAMP 

FOR SEATING / TEMP. EXHIBITION 

ACADEMY (M) 

REST 

RMS 

OUTDOOR ENTRY EXHIBITION PLAZA FRAME 

/CANOPY 

LV. B2 

CHARACTER 

SHOP 

UP 

DN 

PREP. DN AREA / BOH 

LV. B1 

PLAZA 

/ OUTDOOR STAGE 

LV. B1 

OPEN TO 

BELOW 

LOADING 

OPEN TO 

STORAGE 

BELOW 

OPEN TO 

BELOW 


FOR SEATING / EXHIBITION 

LOBBY 

THEATER 

AV 

RM 

INFO 

INFO 

CHARACTER 

REST 

RMS 

TICKET 

OFFICE 

EXHIBITION 

PIXELATED OUTDOOR 

PLAYGROUND 

DN 

PIXELATED OUTDOOR 

SEATING AREA 

PLAZA / PLAY GROUND 

LV. F1 

INFO / GALLERY 

DN 

LOBBY 

UP 

CAFE / BAR 

DN 

DROP OFF 

2nd floor 

지하 1층에서 1층을 거쳐 2층에 이르는 경사로는 서로 작은 크기의 박스로 디자인 되어 있어서 이동뿐 아니라 임시전시를 위한 장소로도 

사용 가능함. 2층에는 우측과 좌측으로 회사들의 입주를 위한 공간이 마련되어 있으며 중간에 미팅공간과 코어가 배치 되어있음. 경사로가 사적/공적의 공간을 

전이해주는 역할을 하게됨. 

DINING 

REST 

RM 

REST KIT. 

RM 

INFORMAL 

OFFICE 

STO. PRINT 

MAIL 

ELV. LOBBY 

DN 

LV. F2 

OUTDOOR EXHIBITION FRAME 

/CANOPY 

LV.B1 

FORMAL 

OFFICE (M) 

MEETING 

ROOMS 

FORMAL 

OFFICE (S) 

CHARACTER 

OPEN TO 

BELOW 

CHARACTER 

LV. F1

3rd floor 

제공하고있음. 

2층의 평면과 비슷하나 3층에는 대규모의 사무실을 위한 공간이 마련되어 있으며 예비작가나 일인 기업을 위한 인포멀한 오피스 공간을 

DINING 

REST 

RM 

ELV. LOBBY 

REST 

RM 

STO. 

KIT. 

PRINT 

MAIL 

LV. F3 

FORMAL 

OFFICE (M) 

FORMAL 

OFFICE (L) 

INFORMAL 

OFFICE 

FORMAL 

OFFICE (S) 

OPEN TO 

BELOW 

b1st floor 

좌측의 소파로를 마주하는 면에는 지면의 경사를 이용하여 지하 1층에서 지상레벨에 걸쳐 리테일 공간이 마련되어 있음. 지하 2층레벨의 

경사로를 따라 올라오면 지하 1층 레벨의 플라자가 대지의 중간에 마련되어 있으며 이공간을 통해 건물의 로비로 진입하거나 아니면 또다른 경사로를 타고 1층 

레벨의 야외 놀이터및 전시공간으로 이동할수있음. 최우측으로는 애니메이션 관련된 상설 전시공간을 마련하여 입주한 기업이 적극적으로 이용할수 있도록 함. 

MEETING RM 

STORAGE/PREP. AREA 

OFFICE 

SERVICE CORRIDOR 


FOR SEATING / TEMP. EXHIBITION 

REST 

RMS 

LV. B2 

DN 

LOBBY 

UP 

RETAIL 

PLAZA 

CARTOON LIBLARY 

OUTDOOR STAGE 

UP 

OPEN TO 

BELOW 

EXHIBITION 

RETAIL 

RETAIL 

OPEN TO 

BELOW

2nd floor 

대규모 컨벤션장으로 바로 들어갈수 있는 로비및 매표소가 지하 2층 레벨에 위치한 진입광장에 면하고 있음. 우측으로 메인 

로비가 있으며 이는 극장및 엘리베이터 코어와 연결됨. 전시물의 설치및 기획을 위해 준비공간과 창고가 로딩독 좌우로 배치되어 있음. 

TRUCK 

MANEUVERING 

SPACE 

DN 

UP 

REST 

RMS 

ENTRY PLAZA 

UP 

PREP. AREA / BOH 

LOADING 

STORAGE 

CHARACTER 

SHOP 

LOBBY 

THEATER 

AV 

RM 

INFO 

INFO 

REST 

RMS 

TICKET 

OFFICE 

EXHIBITION 

b3rd floor 

주차 가능 대수 122의 주차장및 parking office와 기계 전기실이 위치. 

PARKING 

OFFICE 

PARKING (132 CARS) 

MEP

CANOPY / TEMP. EXHIBITION 

HIGHLIGHT MT. NAMSAN 

SKYLIGHT 

RF (GL +12.00) 

ROOF GARDEN 

ROOF GARDEN 

3RD FL (GL +8.00) 

HIGHLIGHT MYUNG-DONG 

OFFICE 

OFFICE 

INFORMAL OFFICE 

OFFICE 

2ND FL (GL +4.00) 

EGRESS EXIT 

OFFICE 

MEETING ROOM 

OFFICE 

GL (EL +68.00) 

B1ST FL (GL -4.00) 

RETAIL 

CARTOON LIBLARY BEHIND 

CONVENTION 

EXHIBITION 

PARKING RAMP 

B2ND FL (GL -8.00) 

RF RF (GL (GL +12.00) 

STORE 

LOBBY 

CONVENTION 

ENTRY PLAZA (F01) 



THEATER 

3RD 3RD FL FL (GL (GL +8.00) 

ANIMATION CENTER 

PARKING 

OUTDOOR SEATING AREA 

MEP HIGHLIGHT MYUNG-DONG 

2ND 2ND FL FL (GL (GL +4.00) 

EGRESS EXIT 

GL GL (EL (EL +68.00) 

B1ST B1ST FL FL (GL (GL -4.00) 

PLAYGROUND / CANOPY 

CONVENTION CENTER ENT 

RETAIL 

LONGITUDINAL SECTION 

ENTRY PLAZA (B2) 

B2ND B2ND FL FL (GL (GL -8.00) 

RF (GL +12.00) 

PARKING RAMP 

LOADING DOCK 



ENTRY PLAZA (B1) / OUTDOOR STAGE 


3RD FL (GL +8.00) 




2ND FL (GL +4.00) 

EGRESS EXIT 

e 

GL (EL +68.00) 

B1ST FL (GL -4.00) 

SOPA RO 

ENTRY PLAZA 




RETAIL 


B2ND FL (GL -8.00) 

RF (GL +12.00) 

PARKING RAMP 

LOADING DOCK 

RF (GL +12.00) 

3RD FL (GL +8.00) 






3RD FL (GL +8.00) 


2ND FL (GL +4.00) 



e 

2ND FL (GL +4.00) 

GL (EL +68.00) 

B1ST FL (GL -4.00) 

B2ND FL (GL -8.00) 

RF (GL +12.00) 

GL (EL +68.00) 

B1ST FL (GL -4.00) 

B2ND FL (GL -8.00) 




EGRESS EXIT 


PARKING RAMP 

EAST ELEVATION 


RETAIL 

3RD FL (GL +8.00) 

PARKING HIGHLIGHT RAMPMYUNG-DONG 

LOADING DOCK 



2ND FL (GL +4.00) 

EGRESS EXIT 



e 

GL (EL +68.00) 

B1ST FL (GL -4.00) 

B2ND FL (GL -8.00) 

RETAIL 

s 



CAR ENT 

DROP OFF 

RF (GL +12.00) 

3RD FL (GL +8.00) 



w 

2ND FL (GL +4.00) 

GL (EL +68.00) 

B1ST FL (GL -4.00) 

RETAIL 

EGRESS EXIT 





WEST ELEVATION 

ENTRY PLAZA 

CAR ENT 

DROP OFF 

B2ND FL (GL -8.00) 

RF (GL +12.00) 

3RD FL (GL +8.00) 


2ND FL (GL +4.00) 

GL (EL +68.00) 

w 

B1ST FL (GL -4.00) 

B2ND FL (GL -8.00) 


RETAIL RETAIL RETAIL 

SOPA-RO 

NORTH ELEVATION 

n 

SOPA RO 

ENTRY PLAZA 


RF (GL +12.00) 

3RD FL (GL +8.00) 


2ND FL (GL +4.00) 

GL (EL +68.00) 

B1ST FL (GL -4.00) 

B2ND FL (GL -8.00) 

PARKING RAMP 

s 

SOUTH ELEVATION



@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2017 / BUSAN / KOREA



We imagined an upside-down island at the center of Mt Hwangnyoengsan – surrounded by beautiful trees and natural elements which 

isolate the project from the ongoing urban conflicts in the context. By minimizing its visual presence from around its neighborhood 

and providing dedicated small foot-print access points to it rather than proposing grand entry that this type of developments typically 

accompanied by, we wanted to achieve two contradictory goals; to try not to contribute in creating further source of conflict; and at the 

same time to design what fulfills the community’s needs in utilizing the given site condition including the bunkers.

access 

With no major cultural/recreational facilities in proximity to the site, it is no questionable to build a facility of 

the kind. To gauge its appropriate scale, we eyeballed some of open/public indoor/outdoor spaces nearby. Two major accesses were 

considered; pedestrian access through the existing road to the bunker, which will house bars, pubs, wineries, eateries and small event 

spaces; vehicular access over the mountain to an underground parking lot for families, business, large events, conventions and exhibitions. 

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS TO THE BUNKER 

SITE

CAR ACCESS 

PEDESTRIAN ACCESS TO THE BUNKER

INTERVENSION 

Existing bunkers mostly remain as they 

are except for a rotunda space at the 

center that removes just fraction of the 

existing bunker space. Also we propose 

two additional service bunkers, one 

stretches entire width of the mountain, 

and the other one only covers half to the 

rotunda. Underground cut-and-cover 

parking space sits right next to the elevated 

lobby that feeds guest vertically to 

either hotel/event suite above or mixed 

use complex below. On the opposite side 

of hotel resides office for the building. 

Series of elevated bunkers radiate from 

the lobby poking out of the mountain 

at the other end for dramatic experience 

of bunker and spectacular view to the 

city and adjacent mountains and ocean. 

On the top two floors of the hotel are 

event suites to accommodate big events 

like BIFF. Below the lobby sit mixed use 

including family restaurants, cafe, boutique 

retails, gallery, exhibition spaces, 

convention halls and multiplex theaters 

for various range of guests. 

2 : OFFIC 

1-B3 : PARKIN 

(+300 CARS 

PARKING 

ENT 

SERVICE ENT 

SERVICE BUN 

15 

01

01 

8-9 : EVENT SUITE 

VIEW 

2-7 : HOTEL 

E 

1 : LOBBY 

VIEW 

ELEVATED BUNKER 

(OBSERVATION) 

G 

) 

02 

VIEW 

ENT 

03 

VIEW 

B1 : FAMILY RESTAURANT 

B2 : CAFE 

B3 : BOUTIQUE RETAIL 

B4 : GALLERY / EXHIBITION 

B5 : CONVENTION HALL 

B6 : MULTIPLEX THEATER 

KER 

05 

04 

ROTUNDA / STAGE 

B7 : THE BUNKER 

BARS / PUBS / PARTY VENUES 

SERVICE ENT 

ENT 

SERVICE ENT

01_SECLUDED ISLAND 

Introverted space configuration helps 

guest intermingle toward the rotunda 

space at the very center of the building. 

Chance encounters or unexpected visual 

connections among wide range of guests 

in different programs and activities let 

them easily explore the entire complex. 

On the other hand, being above the lobby, 

hotel and event suites not only have quite 

environment but also have wide open 

view to the city over the mountain.

02_ELEVATED LOBBY 

Elevated lobby separate two distinctive 

parts of the building. Very active 24/7 

mixed use zone below the lobby and calm 

and quite zone for hotel and event suites 

above. Wide and tall lobby space and 

terrace space toward the center of rotunda 

is an ideal place to celebrate beautiful 

night sky or fireworks.

03_ELEVATED BUNKERS 

Elevated bunkers radiating from the 

lobby provide guest very unique visual experience. 

Short walk to the other side of 

the bunkers from the lobby gives guests 

wide open view to the city, mountain and 

ocean. This cantilevered balcony spaces 

potentially can connect to the existing 

mountain trekking path for alternative 

accessibility.

04_ROTUNDA/O 

Being at the center of the building, rotunda not only provide natural ventilation and day li 

The rotunda, surrounded by stacks of balconies as in a form of an am

UTDOOR STAGE 

ght down to the lowest level but also connects the existing bunkers with its new addition. 

phitheater, is an ideal spot to host concert, fashion show, and etc.

05_THE B 

The existing bunker will be a hippest and coolest event venue in Busan. Utilizing its origina 

ings, ventilation and AV systems, this place will accommodate bars, pubs, wineries and eate 

small e

UNKER 

l condition of dark and consistent temperature and humidity with additional artistic lightries 

on its pocket spaces along with the existing corridor which can host private parties and 

vents.

car access road 

high rise apartment 

car access road

LEVEL (GL +139) 


day light 

cut-and-cover parking 


GL 

new service bunker 

existing bunker 

existing bunker 

rotunda/stage 

new service bunker

VESTIBULE+ // 

FOLLY 2014 

THE ARCHITECTURAL LEAGUE, NY 

@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION IN COLLABORATION WITH KSHARCH / 2014 / SOCRATES PARK / NY / NOTABLE ENTRY

VESTIBULE+ // 

FOLLY 2014 

THE ARCHITECTURAL LEAGUE, NY 

Looking at the gate on Broadway a few blocks away from it, we already knew the park was there. 

Seeing through the gate over the park at the end of the road, we felt the park had come to us too fast and naked. 

The thin gate was standing still there whispering very low that we were about to cross the intangible boundary. 

We trespassed. Everything happened so fast and painless. 

Thinking about Folly, we imagined a never realized vestibule 

that should have captured the grand moment of entering into the park. 

VERNON BLVD.

SOCRATES PARK 

VERNON BLVD. 

SITE 

BROADWAY 

11TH ST.

site 

The site sits right behind the gate at the intersection of the extension of Broadway and pedestrian path within the park. 

Broadway, the visual corridor, guides people towards to the park’s gate even from a distance. The gate converts visual stimulus into physical 

experiences. This change of phase happens sudden even though the existence of huge gate which is clearly visible couple of blocks away. 

existing gate 

When you visit the park, you can first confront with the Gateway with billboard on top. Since 1999, this 10’ by 

28’ sized billboard has changed its face once or twice a year showcasing what’s happening inside the park. Comparing to its simple gesture 

toward the city, this had been performed very important role regarding to activation of the park and its events inside.

process 

The gate projected onto the site. A vestibule, floating somewhere in between the two, captures head space for a person 

entering in and out of the park. The initial projection is pinched in toward to the vestibule, then again modified to accommodate pedestrian 

path to the park. Series of ribbon spanning between the frames of the gate, site and vestibule visualize the projection.

fabrication 

The project consists of three major parts; galvanized steel pipes, tension cables, and polyethylene tapes. Steel 

frame at both ends are secured back to the gate and ground. Tension cables hold the vestibule frame up in the air. And densely spaced 

polyethylene tapes span in between frames. Because the dimension of each corresponding edges of the frame differs from each other, it 

naturally creates wrinkle and twist visualizing the effect of convergence. Tape can be either one with different colors on both side or one 

with demarcation pattern. 

ELEVATIONS

POLYETHYLENE TAPE (W 3”) : 10,500’ 

$50 (L:1000’) X 11EA = $550.00 

EXISTING GATE 

GALVANIZED TENSION CABLE : 230’ 

$22(L:170’) X 2EA = $44.00 

TURN BUCKLE AND CLAMP : 20EA 

$30 X 20EA = $600.00 

GALVANIZED STEEL TUBE : 310’ 

$20(L:10’) X 31EA = $620.00 

TEE, ELBOW, COUPLING : 31EA 

$8 X 31EA = $248.00 

TOTAL : $2,062.00 

Doesn’t include contingency 

FABRICATION QTO AXON 

VANISHING FRAME



@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION IN COLLABORATION WITH ADVANCED FACADE / 2008 / ITHACA / NY / HONORABLE MENTION



One of key issues of this workshop was to exploit computational power and to investigate some of low tech mass-customization techniques 

to build a responsive component-based system which reacts to certain environmental variables. This system, as a computational model, 

wants to be very flexible and sophisticated in order to interact with continuously changing parameters from the surrounding conditions 

and user’s behavior, while the physical embodiment wants to be very easy to construct with minimum efforts and material yet wants to be 

sturdy enough to self-support.

module definition 

As a way to control visibility through a wall, a simple modular system was defined with just two simple 

variables: thickness of the module and size of aperture that penetrates the module. A module with shallow thickness(depth) with wide 

aperture will provide visual transparency and let direct light come through the wall. On the other hand, a thicker module with tight 

aperture will block the view and only have ambient light pass through. Here in the module, thickness is a primary parameter that responds 

to the eye level of users, and then it controls the aperture size of the module. 

D 

R 

RD 

D 

DR 

RD 

D 

D 

R 

R 

D 

D 

R 

D 

R 

D 

D 

MODULE WITH VARIABLES, R AND D 

PACKING MODULES IN A HEXAGONAL GRID 

OVERALL SYSTEM 

USER INPUT 

TWO SURFACES 

WITH VARIABLE DISTANCES 

HEXAGRID FUNCTION 

APERTURE VALUE 

+ 

U/V RESOLUTION 

BYPRODUCTS 

EXTERNAL POINT CLOUD DATA [X,Y,Z] 

GENERATIVE COMPONENT 

SURFACES 


HEXA GRID POLYGON SURFACES 

GENERATED PRODUCTS 


POINT CLOUD 


HEXA GRID ON SURFACES 


HEXA WALL SYSTEM 


HEXA WALL SYSTEM 

SURFACE SUBSYSTEM 

HEXAGRID SUBSYSTEM COMPONENT SUBSYSTEM FINAL PRODUCT 

PARAMETRIC MODEL FLOW CHART

parametric module 

Modules with built in aperture size as dependent variable. The variable is controlled and governed by the 

thickness of the wall system. 

COMPONENT ID B.07 

APERTURE SIZE 34.0 

HEIGHT 82.5 

COMPONENT ID 

APERTURE SIZE 

HEIGHT 

E.04 

53.4 

63.3 

COMPONENT ID J.07 

APERTURE SIZE 85.0 

HEIGHT 34.5 

C.03.PT.B.01 

C.03.PT.B.02 

C.03.PT.B.03 

C.03.PT.B.04 

C.03.PT.B.05 

C.03.PT.B.06 

C.03.PT.T.01 

C.03.PT.T.02 

C.03.PT.T.03 

C.03.PT.T.04 

C.03.PT.T.05 

C.03.PT.T.06 

MODULE UNFOLD

aperture size 

connection with the other side of the wall. 

Each cell has its own aperture size depending on various eye level presets, either allowing or blocking visual



@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION IN COLLABORATION WITH KSHARCH/ 2013 / NEW YORK / NY



The goal of the research was to observe physical behavior of a certain material through a series of sample tests, and understand how the 

behavior changes by minimal alterations on its physical properties. Based on the founding, the sample units were re-interpreted and 

converted into digital model using parametric tools and physical engine to simulate and forecast holistic behavior of the entire system 

composed of the units. The dynamic surface is a combination of 7 by 7 diagonally arranged plastic sheet units. Because of its homogeneous 

material property, the system doesn’t produce any significant changes in its appearance before individual panels get cut differently. The 

cuts and self-weight of the each panel will drive initial deform through the interaction of pulls and pushes between units. The initial deform 

can be further exaggerated by supplementary weights at some connecting nodes between panels in a certain area.

material study 

The base material was Mylar, because it is homogeneous composite material which is very predictable on its 

physical behavior. Base on our mockup experiments, longer cut tended to generate more curvature changes within a unit, when the cut is 

perpendicular to the direction of pulling forces. Also the amount of load applied to each node of a panel caused significant differences in its 

surface shape. 

MYLAR, NO CUT, PULLED DIAGONALLY 

MYLAR, PARALLEL CUTS, PULLED DIAGONALLY 

MYLAR, PERPENDICULAR CUTS, PULLED DIAGONALLY

digitalizing model 

Deformation of a module depends on two variables, amount of force/load at each corner and size and 

directionality of open cut. In other words, the strength of pulling force and the length of the cut affect the amount of deformation of the 

module. 

DIGITALIZING MODULE WITH TWO PARAMETERS 

elastic behavior 

To simulate the elastic nature of the material, we developed two simple rules. First, all the lines in the module 

want to stay in the same length, and second, all the surfaces of the module want to relax flat. 

DIGITALIZING MODULE WITH TWO PARAMETERS

module interaction 

What was interesting was that as the module get stretched, it bents in elevation, and shrink in its 

width. As a consequence, when a module got stretched, it pulls modules right next to it, and curls up the lower vertex. Naturally I sensed 

that this would create some interesting geometric deformation when the modules get hooked up side by side, but couldn’t get around it 

visually. 

INTERACTION BETWEEN MODULES 

OVERALL GRASSHOPPER DEFINITION

compiling parametric model 

Individual modules were laid out using physical simulation engine in parametric tool to visualize 

“parts to whole” relationship. Two parameters tested out; cutting pattern and point load pattern. 

OVERALL SYSTEM WITH TWO PARAMETERS ; CUTTING PATTERN AND POINT LOAD PATTERN

simulation process 

Individual modules were laid out in 7 x 7 grid. In the initial relaxed state of the whole system, it is hung from 

anchor points at the top of the system to the ceiling. Then cutting pattern applied to individual modules using gradient pattern. Then 

combined with self weight of the module and cut pattern, the system further deforms before it finds equilibrium. Then added point loads 

to some of the nodes, based on point load pattern map, will exaggerate system deformation further. Final state of equilibrium between 

elasticity of material, cutting pattern, self weight of modules, and additional point loads. 

SEQUENTIAL DIAGRAM OF THE SYSTEM

pattern tests 

implication over the overall system’s behavior. 

Lots of different combinations of load and cutting patterns have been tested out to better understand their


COORDINATED RANDOM GROWTH 

@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2008 / ITHACA / NY


COORDINATED RANDOM GROWTH 

This experiment is to investigate how microscale chaoses can coexist within a rigid grid system in a continuous yet discreet manner. The 

entire system is composed of bunch of small surfaces and each of them is driven by four randomly generated edge curves. Once an initial 

surface created by four random curves, the next one become exist by sharing one of the edge curves from the previous surface. When this 

one-directional mutation ends, the system repeats another batch of mutations right next to the existing one, but this time mostly sharing 

two edge curves, one with the previous and the other with the existing surface. The resulting surface is striated yet continuously patched 

surface.

growth rule 

An initial patch is made out of four bounding curves with two variables for each curves: profile scale along z 

O Z 

-60 +60 O 

axis and profile rotation Z along x or y axis, which are random numbers in per-defined ranges. 

GRID 

ELEMENT 004 

ELEMENT 001 

X/Y 

O Z O ZO 

O 

Z 

-60 +60 O Z 

-60 

-60 -60 +60 +60 O O 

+60 O O 

Y/X 

Z Z 

Z Z 

CURVE SHAPE SCALE ALONG Z AXIS ROTATE ALONG X/Y AXIS ALIGN TO GRID PERIMETER 

X/Y X/Y 

X/Y X/Y 

GRID GRID 

GRID GRID 

ELEMENT 003 

ELEMENT ELEMENT 004 ELEMENT 004 

004 004 

SQUARE SURFACE 


001 001 

ELEMENT 002 

SQUARE SQUARE SURFACE SQUARE SURFACE 

SURFACE 

Y/X 

Y/X 

Y/X Y/X 


003 003 


002 002 

CURVE CURVE SHAPE CURVE CURVE SHAPE SHAPE SHAPE SCALE SCALE ALONG SCALE SCALE ALONG Z ALONG AXIS ALONG Z AXIS Z AXIS Z AXIS ROTATE ROTATE ALONG ROTATE ALONG X/Y ALONG ALONG AXIS X/Y X/Y AXIS X/Y AXIS AXIS ALIGN ALIGN TO ALIGN GRID ALIGN TO TO GRID PERIMETER 

GRID TO PERIMETER 

GRID PERIMETER 

MODULE WITH VARIABLES 

INITIAL ROW 

INITIAL 

CONDITIONS 

+ 

INITIAL INITIAL ROW INITIAL ROW 

ROW ROW 

SURFACE 

EXPANSION - Y AXIS 

INITIAL 

SURFACE 

INITIAL 

CONDITIONS 

INITIAL 

INITIAL CONDITIONS 

CONDITIONS 

INITIAL 

CONDITIONS 

INITIAL 

SURFACE 

INITIAL 

INITIAL SURFACE 

SURFACE INITIAL 

SURFACE 

E004 

E004 

E004 

E004 BASE ELEMENT 

BASE E004 

ELEMENT 

BASE ELEMENT 

BASE ELEMENT 

CURVE SHAPE 

BASE CURVE ELEMENT 

SHAPE 

CURVE SHAPE 

CURVE SHAPE 

CURVE SHAPE 

+ 

= 

+ 

+ = + = 

= = 

E001 

E001 E001 

E001 E001 

E003 

= 

E204 

E002 

E003 E003 

E003 E003 

E002 

= 

SURFACE 

EXPANSION 

- X AXIS 

E008 

E005 

SURFACE 

EXPANSION 

- SURFACE X AXIS 

SURFACE EXPANSION 

EXPANSION 

SURFACE - X AXIS 

- EXPANSION 

X AXIS 

- X AXIS 

E008 

E008 

E008 

E002 

E002 E008 

E002 

= 

= 

= = 

E005 E005 

E005 E005 

E007 

= 

E208 

E006 

E007 E007 

E007 E007 

E006 

= 

E012 

E012 

E012 

E012 

E006 

E012 

E006 

E006 

= 

= 

= = 

E009 

E009 E009 

E009 E009 

E011 

= 

E212 

E010 

E011 E011 

E011 E011 

E010 

= 

E016 

E016 

E016 

E016 

E010 

E016 

E010 

E010 

= 

= 

= = 

E013 

E013 E013 

E013 E013 

E015 

E014 

= 

E216 

E015 E015 

E015 E015 

= 

E014 

E014 

E014 

E014 

= 

= 

= = 

= 

E196 

= 

E193 

E197 

E194 

E196 

E193 E193 

E193 E193 

E196 

E196 

E196 

= 

= = 

E195 

E194 = 

E396 

= 

E200 

E200 

E200 

E194 

E200 

E194 

E194 

= 

= 

= = 

E198 

E200 

E197 E197 

E197 E197 

E199 

E198 

E198 

E198 

= 

E198 

E400 

E195 E195 

E195 E195 

E199 E199 

E199 E199 

SURFACE SURFACE 

SURFACE 

EXPANSION EXPANSION - Y AXIS - Y - AXIS 

Y - AXIS Y AXIS 

E203 

= 

E201 

= 

= 

= 

E204 E204 

E204 E204 

= 

E207 

= 

= 

= 

= 

E208 E208 

E208 E208 

E205 

= 

E211 

= 

= 

= 

= 

E212 E212 

E212 E212 

E209 

= 

= 

E215 

= 

= 

= 

E216 E216 

E216 E216 

E213 

= 

= 

E395 = 

= 

= 

= 

E396 E396 

E396 E396 

E393 

= 

= 

= 

= 

E399 

= 

E400 E400 

E400 E400 

E397 

E203 

E203 

E203 

E203 

E202 

= 

E201 

E207 

E207 

E207 

E201 

E207 

E201 

E201 

= 

= 

= = 

E206 

= 

E205 

E211 

E211 

E211 

E205 

E211 

E205 

E205 

= 

= 

= = 

E210 

= 

E209 

E215 

E215 

E215 

E209 

E215 

E209 

E209 

= 

= 

= = 

E214 

E213 

= 

E213 

E213 

E213 

= 

= 

= = 

= 

E395 

E395 

E395 

E395 

= 

= = 

E394 

= 

E393 = 

E399 

E399 

E399 

E393 

E399 

E393 

E393 

= 

= = 

E398 

E397 

E397 

E397 

= 

E397 

E202 E202 

E202 E202 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

E206 E206 

E206 E206 

E210 E210 

E210 E210 

E214 E214 

E214 E214 

E394 E394 

E394 E394 

E398 E398 

E398 E398 

= 

E604 

= 

E608 

= 

E612 

= 

E616 

= 

E796 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

E800 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

= 

E603 

E604 E604 

E604 E604 

E601 

= 

E607 

E608 E608 

E608 E608 

E605 

= 

E611 

E612 E612 

E612 E612 

E609 

= 

E615 

E616 E616 

E616 E616 

E613 

= 

E795 

= 

E796 E796 

E796 E796 

E793 

E799 

= 

E800 E800 

E800 E800 

E797 

E603 

E603 

E603 

E603 

E602 

E601 

E607 

E607 

E607 

E601 

E601 E607 

E601 

= 

= 

= = 

E606 

E605 

E611 

E611 

E611 

E605 

E611 

E605 

E605 

= 

= 

= = 

E610 

E609 

E615 

E615 

E615 

E609 

E615 

E609 

E609 

= 

= 

= = 

E614 

E613 

E613 

E613 

E613 

= 

= 

= = 

= 

E795 

E795 

E795 

E795 

= 

= = 

E794= 

E793 

E799 

E799 

E799 

E793 

E799 

E793 

E793 

= 

= = 

E798 

E797 

E797 

E797 

E797 

GROWTH RULE DIAGRAM 

E602 E602 

E602 E602 

E606 E606 

E606 E606 

E610 E610 

E610 E610 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

//////////////////////// ////////////////////////////// 

//////////////////////// SURFACE GENERATOR ////////////////////////////// 

//////////////////////// WOO JAE SUNG ////////////////////////////// 

//////////////////////// M.ARCH 1 2ND YR ////////////////////////////// 

//////////////////////// ////////////////////////////// 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

//////// VARIABLES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

string $currentelement; 

string $lastelement = "BaseEle"; 

string $currentelement = "A"; 

string $elementname; 

string $prevelement1; 




float $rndnum; 

int $elementNo = 1; 

int $rotationNo; 

int $start; 

int $end; 

int $itrnum; 

int $startele; 

int $endele; 

int $itrnumV; 

int $lastelementNo; 

int $lastelementNoprev; 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

//////// INITIAL SURFACE ////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

while ( $elementNo < 5 ) 

{ 

//////// SCALING ALONG THE Z AXIS ///////////////////////////////////////////// 

$rndnum = rand(-2,2); 

setAttr ($currentelement + ".scaleZ") $rndnum; 

//////// ROTATION ABOUT THE Z AXIS //////////////////////////////////////////// 

$rotationNo = 90 * $elementNo; 

setAttr ($currentelement + ".rotateZ") $rotationNo; 

MEL SCRIPT @ MAYA 

//////// CODE THAT ALIGNS SEGMENTS TO SURFACE BOUNDARY //////////////////////// 

alignCurve -ch off -rpo off -at false -kmk false -pct 

2 -tc false -cc false $lastelement $currentelement; 

$lastelement = $currentelement + "shapealignedCurve1"; 

$elementname = "E" + $elementNo; 

E614 E614 

E614 E614 

E794 E794 

E794 E794 

E798 E798 

E798 E798 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

//////// SURFACE EXPANSION ALONG THE X AXIS /////////////////////////////////// 

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

//////// ITTERATION SETTING /////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

for ( $itrnum = 1 ; $itrnum < 50 ; $itrnum++ ) 

{ 

$start = ( ( $itrnum ) * 4 ) + 1; 

$end = ( ( $itrnum + 1 ) * 4 ) + 1; 

$startele = $start - 3; 

$endele = $end - 3; 

while ( $elementNo < $end ) 

{ 

//////// SCALING ALONG THE Z AXIS ///////////////////////////////////////////// 


setAttr ($currentelement + ".scaleZ") $rndnum; 

//////// ROTATION ABOUT THE Y AXIS //////////////////////////////////////////// 


setAttr ($currentelement + ".rotateY") $rndnum; 

//////// ROTATION ABOUT THE Z AXIS //////////////////////////////////////////// 

$rotationNo = 90 * ( $elementNo - ( 4 * ( $itrnum ) ) ); 

setAttr ($currentelement + ".rotateZ") $rotationNo; 

//////// CODE THAT ALIGNS SEGMENTS TO SURFACE BOUNDARY //////////////////////// 

alignCurve -ch off -rpo off -at false -kmk false -pct 

2 -tc false -cc false $lastelement $currentelement; 

$lastelement = $currentelement + "shapealignedCurve1"; 

$elementname = "E" + $elementNo; 

rename $lastelement $elementname; 

$lastelement = $elementname; 

//////// CODE THAT ASSIGN NEW NAMES TO SEGMENTS /////////////////////////////// 

if ( $elementNo == $start ) 

{ 

$prevelement1 = $lastelement; 

} 

else if ( $elementNo == $start + 1 ) 

{ 


} 


{ 


} 


{ 

$prevelement4 = "E" + $startele ;

The next patch then inherits one of its bounding curves from the previous one so as it keeps one-degree surface continuity. This neighboring 

one generates three other bounding curves in a similar way to create its own surface. When this process hits the maximum limit to expand 

to either y or x axis, then it changes its direction to 90 degrees, and repeat the process to finish up the whole system with patches. 

STEP01 STEP01 INITIAL INITIAL SURFACE SURFACE 

STEP03 STEP03 SURFACE SURFACE EXPANSION EXPANSION ALONG ALONG Y AXISY AXIS 

Y 

Y 

STEP02 STEP02 SURFACE SURFACE EXPANSION EXPANSION ALONG ALONG X AXISX AXIS 

STEP04 STEP04 SURFACE SURFACE EXPANSION EXPANSION ALONG ALONG X AXISX AXIS 

X 

X 

X 

X 

GROWTH RULE EXPLAINED 

OVERALL AXON



@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2007 / ITHACA / NY



Carbon fiber composite material has an woven structure of carbon fiber tapes. This characteristic of carbon fiber composite material as 

a fabric gives it various textures or grains on its surface. Considering that carbon fiber tapes are very strong at tensile strengths, textures 

or grains are an index of strength flow along its surface. The textures or grains necessarily generate various moire patterns based on the 

arrangement and density of carbon fiber tapes, which are closely related to light penetration performance. Moire pattern represents 

structural and light penetration performance of the material. In this sense, moire pattern of this project is not merely a by-product, rather 

it is an ornament actively interacting with structural performance as well as program inside of the structure especially in terms of light 

penetration.

visual effect 

When layering carbon fiber tapes layer by layer, their density and directionality naturally generated the 

opacity/transparency of the resulting surface. It could also add interesting visual by product, Morie to the surface of the structure. 

HOW TO MAKE - CARBON FIBER COMPOSITE MATERIAL STRUCTURE 

COMPOSITE STRUCTURE MAKING PROCESS 

Tape Placement on the Rotating Mandrel 

1. rotating mandrel 

1. Rotating Mandrel 

2. Carbon Fiber Tape 

3. Moving Arm 

4. Carbon Fiber Tape Placing and Bonding 

2. carbon fiber tape 

3. moving arm 

4. tape placing and bonding 

WOVEN + LAYERED STRUCTURE 

COMPOSITE STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS 

Woven + Layered Structure = Moire Pattern 

Tensile Stress 

+ + + = 

Carbon fiber tape is incredibly strong against 

tensile strength. As mandrel rotates, taping 

patterns become layered creating woven 

structure. The woven structure generate 

Moire pattern perpendicular with the tensile 

strength direction. 

1st Taping Iteration 

2nd Taping Iteration 3rd Taping Iteration 4th Taping Iteration Taping Pattern w/ Moire 

STRUCTURAL STRENGTH, LIGHT PENETRATION AND MOIRE PATTERN 

Taping Pattern 

MOIRE PATTERN AS AN INDEX OF 

STRUCTURAL STRENGTH & LIGHT 

PENETRATION 

Moire pattern indicates which part of the 

structure is strong at tensile or compressive 

strength, as well as which part has more 

light penetration. Moire pattern is an index 

of structural strength and light penetration 

(transparency and opaqueness). 

Taping Geometry at Center Line 

Tensile Strength Direction 

Moire Pattern Direction 

No Moire Pattern : Better Visibility 

Taping Layer Thickness (Compressive Stress Strength) 

Solid (Opaque), Strong at Compressive Strength 

Void (Light Penetration), Strong at Tensile Strength

mapping 

or vice versa. 

The opacity/transparency can then be mapped on the light level requirements of various programs within the pavilion 

SITE + STRUCTURE 

Floating Box on Site (Cornell Art Quad) 

Gallery 

Gallery 

Circulation - Connection 

Gallery 

Gallery 

Gallery 

Gallery 

Floating Box & Site Connection 

Site : Cornell Art Quad 

SITE + PROGRAM 

Gallery 

Gallery Space : Solid Wall + Solid Floor 

Gallery 

Gathering, Shelter or Multi Purpose space : Solid Roof 

Gallery 

Gallery 

Gallery 

Gallery 

Solid Surface Variation 

Unfolded Surface

124 

carbon fiber taping pattern A 

requirement; transparency and visual connectivity. 

First set of carbon fiber taping pattern was created based on light condition based on program 

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UNFOLDED GEOMETRY 

440 

GALLERY SPACE 

SOLID WALL & FLOOR 

440 

GATHERING SPACE 

SOLID ROOF 

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SUPERIMPOSING 

CENTER LINES FOR TAPING PATTERN 

BASED ON KEY POINTS 

TAPING PATTERN EXPANSION 

BASED ON SINE CURVE

124 

carbon fiber taping pattern B 

Then another set of taping pattern was generated base on structural analysis of the geometry; stress 

curve on the face of the hollow box. Then the two were overlapped to finalize the taping pattern. 

208 188 168 144 124 104 84 64 40 20 0 

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UNFOLDED GEOMETRY 

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STRUCTURAL KEY POINTS 

MEETING POINTS WITH COLUMNS 

440 

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LEFT TO RIGHT 

440 

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BASED ON SINE CURVE 


RIGHT TO LEFT 


BASED ON SINE CURVE

final pattern 

Final pattern was created by overlapping two sets of patterns. For the sake of physical model, due to the 

limited resource, carbon fiber placement pattern was transformed into lasercut cutting pattern for visualization purpose. 

FINAL PATTERN

EL 

dn 

dn 

dn 

dn 

EL

dn 

dn 

dn 

dn

DIGITAL DESIGN // 

LECTURES & WORKSHOPS 

@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2009 - 2017 / HARVARD, CORNELL, U-PENN, SYRACUSE, CCNY

TRIANGULATED FABRIC // 

PARAMETRIC WORKSHOP, CCNY 2017

TRIPOD PAVILION // 

PARAMETRIC WORKSHOP, 2009 

step00_01 

www.woojsung.com

RESPONSIVE TOTEM // 

PARAMETRIC WORKSHOP, CORNELL AAP 2009

RESPONSIVE FLOWER // 

PARAMETRIC WORKSHOP, SYRACUSE 2009

UNDULATING BRIDGE // 

PARAMETRIC WORKSHOP, 2009

GRAPH CONTROLLER // 

PARAMETRIC WORKSHOP, CORNELL AAP 2009

DIFFUSION LIMITED AGGREGATION // 

DIGITAL MEDIA CLASS, HARVARD GSD 2012 

The process whereby particles undergoing a random walk due to Brownian motion cluster together to form aggregates of such particles 

GRASSHOPPER (from Wikipedia). This can VB be WORKSHOP simply break down into - Diffusion two main processes; Limited Aggregation System 

Digital Media and Material Practice, Fall 2012, Harvard, GSD 

gradually approaches toward the attractor over time. 

GH version 0.9.0014 

1) Diffusion (Wandering Particle) - Start with two points. One as a static working as an attractor, and the other as a wandering particle that 

2) Aggregation (Sticking Particles within threshold) - Constantly check if those two points are close enough. If yes, stop wandering and 

merge two points by connecting them with a single line. Otherwise, let the particle wander until it gets in to the threshold. 

woojae sung . woojae.sung@yahoo.com . www.woojsung.com

Diffusion Limited Aggregation in VB Grasshopper - http://woojsung.com 1 

algorithm design 

Prior to jump on scripting, very clear definition of DLA system needs to be thought out step by step. Key things 

were how to mimic Brownian motion and aggregation process in Visual Basic. 

DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION 


(from Wikipedia). This can be simply break down into two main processes; 

Diffusion (Wandering Particle) - Start with two points. One as a static working as an attractor, and the other as a wandering particle 

that gradually approaches toward the attractor over time. 

PROCESS 

step 01 

Get a random point on a given boundary. 

This point will gradually approach to an attractor 

as it wander within the boundary. 

The attractor will be the first aggregate as 

it still serve as an attractor. 

step 02 

When wandering a particle, keep the random 

angle less than 180 degrees to force 

the particle move toward the attractor. 

Otherwise, the particle might be lost in the 

space. 

Aggregation (Sticking Particles within threshold) - Constantly check if those two points are close enough. If yes, stop wandering and 


step 03 

Every time moving the particle, check the 

distance between the two points to see if 

they are close enough to get merged. 



DIFFUSION-LIMITED AGGREGATION 


(from Wikipedia). This can be simply break down into two main processes; 

Diffusion (Wandering Particle) - Start with two points. One as a static working as an attractor, and the other as a wandering particle 

that gradually approaches toward the attractor over time. 

PROCESS 

step 01 

Get a random point on a given boundary. 

This point will gradually approach to an attractor 

as it wander within the boundary. 

The attractor will be the first aggregate as 

it still serve as an attractor. 

step 02 

When wandering a particle, keep the random 

angle less than 180 degrees to force 

the particle move toward the attractor. 

Otherwise, the particle might be lost in the 

space. 

Aggregation (Sticking Particles within threshold) - Constantly check if those two points are close enough. If yes, stop wandering and 


step 03 

Every time moving the particle, check the 

distance between the two points to see if 

they are close enough to get merged. 

Diffusion Limited Aggregation in VB Grasshopper - http://woojsung.com 2

aggregation process 

it grows to a bunch of points aggregated at around the seed. 

Movie clip captures of DLA process simulated in Grasshopper/VB. Starting from a seed at the center

REACTION DIFFUSION SYSTEM // 


Reaction–diffusion systems are mathematical models which explain how the concentration of one or more substances distributed in space 

changes under the influence of two processes: local chemical reactions in which the substances are transformed into each other, and 

diffusion which causes the substances to spread out over a surface in space (from Wikipedia). 

The system can be simply break down into two main processes; Diffusion and Reaction. 

1) Diffusion (Wandering Particles) Unlike DLA system’s, particles wandering in Reaction Diffusion system don’t have any dominant direction. 

They move in a random fashion spreading over time. 

2) Reaction (Aggregation - Sticking Particles within threshold) One of the most challenging thing about the system is on its complexity. 

Unlike DLA system where there is only one moving particle at a time, all particles in the Reaction Diffusion system move randomly all 

together at the same time. So in each iteration, we have to calculate and check every possible combination of distances between points. 

Constantly check if there is a set of two points close enough to each other. If yes, stop wandering and merge the two points into a single line, 

and stop moving those points. Otherwise, let the particle wander until they get close enough to the threshold.

Reaction Diffusion system in VB Grasshopper - http://woojsung.com 3 


Prior to jump on scripting, very clear definition of R-D system needs to be thought out step by step. Key things 

were how to mimic Brownian motion and reaction and all associated processes in Visual Basic. 

REACTION DIFFUSION SYSTEM 

Reaction–diffusion systems are mathematical models which explain how the concentration of one or more substances distributed in 

space changes under the influence of two processes: local chemical reactions in which the substances are transformed into each other, 

and diffusion which causes the substances to spread out over a surface in space (from Wikipedia). 

Reaction Diffusion system in this material is not describing exactly what it really is. Rather, this is my own interpretation of the system. 

The system can be simply break down into two main processes; Diffusion and Reaction 

PROCESS 

step 01 

Wander points / random direction. 

Diffusion (Wandering Particles) 

Unlike DLA system’s, particles wandering 

in Reaction Diffusion system don’t 

have any dominant direction. They 

move in a random fashion spreading 

over time. 

step 02 

Check all possible cases of distance from 

the a point (A). 

Reaction (Aggregation - Sticking Particles 

within threshold) 

One of the most challenging thing 

about the system is on its complexity. 

Unlike DLA system where there 

is only one moving particle at a time, 

all particles in the Reaction Diffusion 

system move randomly all together 

at the same time. So in each iteration, 

we have to calculate and check every 

possible combination of distances between 

points. 

Constantly check if there is a set of 

two points close enough to each other. 

If yes, stop wandering and merge the 

two points into a single line, and stop 

moving those points. Otherwise, let 

the particle wander until they get close 

enough to the threshold. 

step 03 

Check all possible cases of distance from 

the a point (N). 



step 04 

Get the list of shortest distances between 

points and compare the list to threshold to 

merge points if the number is smaller than 

the threshold. 

step 06 

Basically there are 6 sets of points. At a 

certain point of process, there should be 

two input point sets, (a)pts_wander_in 

and (b)pts_frozen_in. Then to check every 

possible cases of distance between points, 

we create two additional sets of points, 

(c)pts_from and (d)pts_to. (c)pts_from is 

from (a)pts_wander_in and (d)pts_to is a 

mixture of both (a)pts_wander_in and (b) 

pts_frozen_in. After checking distances 

with threshold, we lose some points close 

enough to other points from (a) or (c), 

forming (e)pts_wander_out. At the same 

time, we get some points from (a) or (c) 

growing size of fronzen point set (f)pts_frozen_out. 

Reaction Diffusion system in VB Grasshopper - http://woojsung.com 4

-d process 

Movie clip captures of R-D process simulated in Grasshopper/VB. Starting from a point cloud, it forms pattern 

depend on proximity between points as the particles do Brownian motion.

SURFACE RUN OFF // 


The goal of the definition is to simulate the way how water flows downwards on a hilly terrain. Let’s start by dividing the process into 

three parts; 

Part 1 - Define a drain slope vector at an arbitrary point, called ‘input point’ in our definition, on a give surface, then decide possible 

position of an ‘output point’ on the surface. When we are given a vector at a specific time and position, by multiplying a factor, we 

can predict what next position would be. In our case, we call the factor ‘distance_factor’ and this number will decide how precise the 

process would be. 

Part 2 - In Part 1, we got an ‘output point’ from an initial ‘input point’. If we use the ‘output point’ as another ‘input point’, we can get 

another ‘output point’. By repeating this until we cannot get a valid ‘output point’, we can get a water flow curve from the series of 

points. 

Part 3 - By supplying multiple ‘input points’ to the process explained in the previous steps, we can simulate water flow from multiple 

source on a given surface.

IDEA 

The goal of the definition is to simulate the way how water flows downwards on a hilly terrain. Let’s start by dividing the process into 

three parts; 

Part 1 - Define a drain slope vector at an arbitrary point, called ‘input point’ in our definition, on a give surface, then decide possible 

position of an ‘output point’ on the surface. When we are given a vector at a specific time and position, by multiplying a factor, we 

can predict what next position would be. In our case, we call the factor ‘distance_factor’ and this number will decide how precise the 

process would be. 

Part 2 - In Part 1, we got an ‘output point’ from an initial ‘input point’. If we use the ‘output point’ as another ‘input point’, we can get 

another ‘output point’. By repeating this until we cannot get a valid ‘output point’, we can get a water flow curve from the series of 

points. 

Part 3 - By supplying multiple ‘input points’ to the process explained in the previous steps, we can simulate water flow from multiple 

source on a given surface. 

Z VECTOR 

NORMAL VECTOR 

Z VECTOR 

SURFACE VECTOR 

CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR 

(UNITIZED) 

DISTANCE FACTOR 

INPUT POINT 

DRAIN VECTOR 

OUTPUT POINT 


(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 

Part 1 Part 2 

IF AN OUTPUT POINT IS OUT OF THE 

SURFACE, PULL IT BACK BY GETTING THE 

CLOSEST POINT ON THE SURFACE 

INPUT POINTS 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

THERE IS ONLY ONE CONDITION WHEN 

THIS PROCESS STOPS; Z VALUE OF 

INPUT AND OUTPUT POINTS ARE SAME 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

Part 2 OUTPUT POINT 

Part 3 

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com 1

COMPONENT ORIENTED DESIGN IN GRASSHOPPER VB - http://woojsung.com 4 

PART 1 FINDING AN ‘OUTPUT POINT’ 

PART 2 DEFINING A ‘FLOW LINE’ 

Z VECTOR 


Z VECTOR 


Z VECTOR 


step 01 

Repeat the process by continuously replacing an ‘input point’ in 

current iteration with an ‘output point’ in the previous one. If an 

‘output point’ is out of the surface, we always can pull it back 

onto the surface by finding the closest point on it. 

INPUT POINT 


(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 


(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 

step 01 

Get a normal vector at an arbitrary point (input point) on 

a given surface. Get a Z vector at the point. 

step 02 

Get a cross product vector by 

two vectors in the step 02. 

Right hand rule shows that 

the direction of a cross product 

vector always wants to be 

perpendicular to the direction 

of drain slope. 

RIGHT-HAND RULE 

WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG 




step 02 

There is only one case when this chain reaction stops; when z 

value of both an ‘input’ and ‘output’ point are same. This means 

for whatever reason, an output point is not moving any further 

from an input point. 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

Z VECTOR 


Z VECTOR 



(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 


(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

DRAIN VECTOR 

(UNITIZED) 

DRAIN VECTOR 

(MULTIPLIED BY DISTANCE FACTOR) 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

ROTATE “CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR” 90 DEGREES 

AROUND “SURFACE VECTOR” 

step 03 

Rotate ‘cross product vector’ 90 degrees count clock wise 

around ‘surface normal vector to get ‘drain slope vector’ 

step 04 

Multiply a certain number to the unitized ‘drain slope vector’ 

to get a output point. We call the number ‘distance_factor’ 

and it determines how accurate this process would be. 




OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

PART 3 APPLYING TO MULTIPLE WATER SOURCES 

step 01 

We can get multiple flow lines by supplying series of input points 

depending on one’s design intent. 

Z VECTOR 


Z VECTOR 


INPUT POINTS 


(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 


(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 

OUTPUT POINT 

OUTPUT POINT 

(PROJECTED ONTO THE SURFACE, 

BY CLOSEST POINT ON THE SURFACE) 

INPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

OUTPUT POINT 

OUTPUT POINT 

step 05 

Because of the surface curvature, an ‘output point’ most 

likely not on the surface. 

step 06 

So we want to pull the point back onto the surface 

by finding closest point from the point. 



CODE REVIEW 

PART 1 FINDING AN ‘OUTPUT POINT’ 

Refer to ‘VB workshop part1.gh’ and ‘VB workshop.3dm’ attached. 

scene setting 

Set up the scene as illustrated below. 

step 1 In this step we want to get a ‘normal vector’ and a ‘z vector’ on a ‘base surface’ at an ‘input point’. We start by defining an 

empty 3d vector. 

91 Dim normal_vector as Vector3d 

When we declare something by ‘Dim A as B’, A is a name of the variable and B is a type of the variable such as point3d, integer, 

vector3d, surface, etc.. We call these ‘classes’ instead of ‘types’. So integer can be a class and surface can be another. 

A class is, as you may feel, very abstract concept like dog, cat, or rhino(without indefinite article maybe?). For example, vector3d 

as a class doesn’t even have a real name and we don’t know anything about it; direction, magnitude, etc.. 

By giving it a name, ‘normal_vector’, we get a vector3d out of vector3d class. Now ‘normal_vector’ is an object. An object is 

like a dog, a cat, or a rhino(with indefinite article maybe?). However it is still bodiless and doesn’t have any physical characteristics. 

‘normal_vector’ still can be any vector3d, as a dog can represent DiCaprio, my dog, or Pitt, your dog. 

If you want to be more specific about your vecter3d, ‘normal_vector’, you can do that by defining an instance. ‘Dim A as 

New B(C)’ is a typical way of defining an instance. A is a name of the instance, B is a name of the class, and C is specific 

condition that gives physicality to A. For example, a ‘normal_vector’ in line 91 is an object in vector3d class, but we don’t 

know where it is and how big it is, etc.. But if we define a ‘normal_vector’ by ‘Dim normal_vector as New Vector3d(pointA, 

pointB)’, the vector comes alive in a space with physicalities such as a starting and ending point as well as length. 

Class - Dog Object - A dog Instance - A blue dog 

dog has four legs and 

a tail, covered with fur,... 



Z VECTOR 


Z VECTOR 


INPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

93 normal_vector = base_srf.NormalAt(u, v) 

Now we want to get a ‘normal_vector’ on a ‘base_surface’ at a ‘input_point’. It is clear that a normal vector cannot even 

exist without a surface. If so, there should be some kind of protocol that enable us to find a normal vector from a surface. 

Of course there are. Every class, object, and instance has lower level services; ‘constructor, methods, and properties’. 

‘Constructor’ is the way how we build new instances/objects out of classes. For example, when we draw a line by two 

points, we can code it in this way; ‘Dim A as New Line(pointA, pointB)’. 

While ‘constructor’ is more about defining an instance/object itself, ‘methods’ has to do with manipulating, evaluating or 

analyzing the instance/object to get something else other than its inherited properties. For example, if you want to get a 

surface normal vector at a certain point on a surface, you probably can find a ‘method’ that does this for you from a list of 

‘methods’ in surface class. 

89 base_srf.ClosestPoint(input_pt, u, v) 

Now we want to get (u,v) POINT coordinate of the ‘input_point’ on the ‘base_surface’. We all know from our experiences in Grasshopper 

ORIGIN that the easiest 

LOCAL COORDINATE SYSTEM 

(U,V) 

way to convert a global coordinate, (x,y,z), into local one, (u,v) is to use ‘finding the closest point on 


ON SURFACE 

a (0,0) surface’ method. This is sort of pre-defined/built-in function in Grasshopper that returns you (u,v) coordinate when you 

supply a surface and a point. Since this method will clearly be part of surface class, browse in to surface class and there you 

will find the below in method tab. 

Surface.ClosestPoint (testPoint As Point3d, ByRef u As Double, ByRef v As Double) 

This method requires a testPoint from which it calculates the closest point, and then pass the local coordinate of the closest 

point by two output references, u and v. When you decipher a code in the SDK, ByRef usually means something you get not 

something you supply. 

‘Properties’ are inherited characteristics of an instance. Unlike ‘methods’, ‘properties’ can be retrieved free directly from an 

instance/object. For example, unlike a surface normal vector at a specific point, area of the surface doesn’t change as long 

as the surface stays same, and we always can ask the surface like “how big are you?”. 

Good thing about these protocols are that you can always call them with a ‘dot’ connector. Whenever you want to ask an 

instance/object, simply type in a dot right next to its name then you will see promptly whatever would be available at that 

moment. So, in our case, since we have no idea how to find a ‘method’ that extracts a ‘normal_vector’ from a surface, we 

can just type in ‘base_srf’ and add ‘.’ right next to it. Then you will see a list of possible ‘methods’. In this case, we want to 

select ‘NormalAt’ from the drop down list. 

POINT 

GLOBAL COORDINATE SYSTEM 

(X,Y,Z) 

ORIGIN 


ON SURFACE 

(0,0) 

POINT 


(U,V) 

If you are not sure what do you need, or simply want to browse what is available, you can find useful reference/bible here 

at the Rhino Common SDK(Software Development Kit) in this page, http://www.rhino3d.com/5/rhinocommon/index.html. 

There you might want to browse in to Rhino.Geometry Namespace, where all of accessible rhino classes are listed up for 

you. There you can get this; 

ORIGIN 


(0,0,0) 

Surface.NormalAt (u As Double, v As Double) As Vector3d 

‘NormalAt’ method, as you see it, needs two variables; u as double, and v as double. u and v or (u,v) is a local coordinate 

systme that represents a location of a point on a surface. Because we don’t know yet how and where we can get both u and 

v, let’s just put ‘u’ and ‘v’ as variables. 

87 Dim u, v As Double 

Although we don’t know anything about them, one thing for sure is that they are double. And also they want to be declared 

before they are called in in order to avoid an error. Declare ‘u’ and ‘v’ as double in line 87. 

POINT 


(X,Y,Z) 



ORIGIN 


(0,0,0) 

Z VECTOR 


Z VECTOR 


Z VECTOR 

SURFACE NORMAL VECTOR 


(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 


(UNITIZED) 

INPUT POINT 

DRAIN VECTOR 

(UNITIZED) 


INPUT POINT 

(UNITIZED) 

DRAIN VECTOR 

DISTANCE FACTOR OUTPUT POINT 

(PROJECTED ONTO THE SURFACE, 

BY 

OUTPUT 

CLOSEST 

POINT 

POINT ON THE SURFACE) 

ROTATE “CROSS PRODUCT VECTOR” 90 DEGREES 

AROUND “SURFACE VECTOR” 

INPUT POINT 

OUTPUT POINT 

RIGHT-HAND RULE 

WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG 

step 3 In this step, we will get an ‘output_point’ by multiplying a number, ‘distance_factor’, to the ‘drain vector’. 

step 2 In this step, we want get a ‘drain_vector’ by a ‘normal_vector’ and a ‘z_vector’ at the ‘input_point’. 

95 Dim drain_vector As vector3d = vector3d.CrossProduct(normal_vector, vector3d.ZAxis) 

We have two vectors springing from the ‘input_point’; a ‘normal_vector’ from the previous step and a ‘z_vector’. From 

the illustration above, I believe that you can predict the direction of water flow very easily. Yes, the ‘drain_vector’ is always 

perpendicular to the ‘cross product vector’ of two input vectors. In other words, we can rotate the ‘cross product vector’ 

90 degrees CCW around ‘normal_vector’ to get the ‘drain_vector’. We can compute the cross product of these vectors with 

vector3d.crossproduct method. Unlike ‘NormalAt’ or ‘ClosestPoint’ methods in the previous steps, this particular methods 

cannot be subordinate to any instance or object, because this method wants to calculate two inputs vectors in the same 

level. In this case, we can start with generic term, ‘Vector3d’ instead of any instance/object name. 

Vector3d.CrossProduct (a As Vector3d, b As Vector3d) As Vector3d 

This method requires two vectors as inputs, and the method itself becomes another vector3d instance. Although the ‘crossproduct 

vector’ is not a ‘drain_vector’, we can assign this vector to a ‘drain_vector’ for now. 

97 drain_vector.Unitize 

101 Dim moved_pt As point3d = input_pt + distance_factor * drain_vector 

Line 101 is straight forward. This is to move an ‘input_point’ by amplifying the ‘drain_vector’ with 

‘distance_factor’. We save this to a temporary space called ‘moved_point’. 

103 base_srf.ClosestPoint(moved_pt, u, v) 

Then we pull this temporary point back to the surface. Surface.closestpoint method gives (u,v) coordinates 

of the ‘moved_point’. 

105 Dim output_pt As Point3d = base_srf.PointAt(u, v) 

107 A = output_pt 

Then by supplying (u,v) values to surface.pointat method, we get an ‘output_point’. Then, export the 

point through an output tab, A. 

In line 97, we unitize the vector, so we can have better control on its length. Otherwise, sometimes it will cause an unexpected 

error because of uncertainty in vector length. 

99 drain_vector.Transform(Transform.Rotation(Math.PI * 0.5, normal_vector, input_pt)) 

In line 99, we want to rotate the vector 90 degrees counter clock wise around a ‘normal_vector’ to get a ‘drain_vector’. We 

can use vector3d.transform method. 

Vector3d.Transform (transformation As Transform) 

This method requires ‘transform’ (transform is a class) as a variable. 

Transform.Rotation (angleRadians As Double, rotationAxis As Vector3d, rotationCenter As Point3d) As Transform 

Transform class has a rotation method, and it requires three variables. Now we get a ‘drain_vector’! 



PART 2 DEFINING A ‘FLOW LINE’ 


input 

INPUT POINT 

function name 

OUTPUTPOINT 

output 

OUTPUT POINT 


(UNITIZED) 

Z VECTOR 


INPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT. Z VALUE 

> 

OUTPUT POINT. Z VALUE 

YES 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

NO 

PROCESS END 







OUTPUT POINT 

INPUT POINT 

/OUTPUT POINT 

step 1 In the part 1, we defined a simple system that returns an output by a certain logic. And now we want to convert this process 

into a modular system that keeps repeating its cycle until it satisfies a certain condition. For example, a recursive function; an output 

of current iteration becomes an input for the next iteration. 

After copy and paste, we might need to change some part of the code. 

Private Sub RunScript(..., ..., ..., ByRef A As Object) 

119 Private Function outputpoint(..., ..., ..., ByRef output_pt As Object) As Boolean 

Above red is the first line of the code that you’ve just paste. And we will change the code like in blue. 

Private means this portion of code doesn’t share any name with the rest of code. You also can make it public if you want. 

However we don’t want any naming conflictions, so we keep it private. 

Runscript is a name of this portion of code. We change the name to something meaningful, ‘outputpoint’. 

Copy all the code from the step 1, from line 85 to 109. Then paste it to a place for custom script like below. 

We change Sub to Function. Both of them refer to segments of code that are separate from main code. The difference 

between the two is ‘sub’ doesn’t return a value, while ‘function’ does. And we want this function, ‘outputpoint’, to store a 

boolean value for validity check. Confused? I found this link very useful for reference. http://www.homeandlearn.co.uk/NET/ 

vbNet.html 

139 If output_pt.Z >= input_pt.Z Then 

141 outputpoint = False 

143 Else 

145 outputpoint = True 

147 End If 

This portion of code is to check if we want to repeat the process again or stop. 

As we can see from the diagram on the right hand side, we want to quit finding 

‘output_point’ process when input and output points are on the same elevation. 

So when this happens, we want to tell the main part of the code to stop this sub 

process. And we obviously need a messenger that delivers the message. That is 

why we wanted to make this portion of code to be ‘function’ instead of ‘sub’. So 

depending on the validity, it assigns ‘True’ or ‘False’ to the function, so the main 

part of the code can decide if it wants to keep going or not. 

input 

INPUT POINT 

function name 

OUTPUTPOINT 

YES 

INPUT POINT. Z VALUE 

> 

OUTPUT POINT. Z VALUE 

NO 

PROCESS END 

output 

OUTPUT POINT 



If (conditional statement) Then 

(do this) 

Else 

(do that) 

End If 

This is how ‘if statements’, one of conditional logic of VB works. For more information on VB, you can visit http://www. 

homeandlearn.co.uk/NET/vbNet.html 

87 Dim pt As point3d = input_pt 

93 Dim output_pt As point3d 

89 Dim output_pts As New List(Of Point3d) 

91 output_pts.Add(pt) 

step 2 In step 1, we defined a funtion ‘outputpoint’. In step 2, we call the function and run it until the function returns ‘false’. 

95 Do 

109 Loop While outputpoint(base_srf, pt, distance_factor, output_pt) = True 

First off, we want to repeat the sub portion of the code, function or ‘outputpoint’ as long as its value is ‘True’. 

Do 

(do this) 

Loop While (conditional statement) 

This is how ‘Do ~ Loop’, one of loop logics in VB, works. Note that ‘while ()’ part can be either after ‘Do’ or after ‘Loop’. 

And also note that the way how we call the function ‘outputpoint’. It is pretty much same as the way we use methods in the 

previous steps. 

97 outputpoint(base_srf, pt, distance_factor, output_pt) 

In line 97, finally we call the function. We have to supply this function with 4 parameters; first three as inputs and the last 

one as an output. It is exactly the same as the way we did in Grasshopper canvas. 

We put ‘base_surface’ and ‘distance_factor’ as they are since they are pretty 

solid during the process unless we want to change them for some reasons. 

However, due to its nature as a recursive process, points tend to change frequently 

as it repeat process over the time. So we can start with two temporary 

spaces for both input and output points. 

In line 87, we declare a temporary space ‘pt’ for an input point, and then assign the ‘input_point’ to ‘pt’. Also in line 93, 

we declare an empty point3d for output point, ‘output_point’. And in line 89, we declare a space to store a list of points, 

‘output_points’. Then in line 91, we might want to add the initial input point ‘pt’ to the output point list, so at the end of the 

process, polyline curve can start from the ‘input_point’. 

95 Do 

97 outputpoint(base_srf, pt, distance_factor, output_pt) 

99 output_pts.add(output_pt) 

101 pt = output_pt 

103 If output_pts.Count > 100 Then 

105 Exit Do 

107 End If 

109 Loop While outputpoint(base_srf, pt, distance_factor, output_pt) = True 

Back to the ‘Do ~ Loop’ part, in line 99, we add the first output of function ‘outputpoint’. And in the next line, we switch 

output point of the current iteration with ‘pt’, a temporary location for an input point. 

From line 103 to 107, we check if total number of points in the output point list, ‘output_pts’, is more than 100. Otherwise, 

without this, your code might crash because of unexpected heavy load. 

111 Dim output_crv As New PolylineCurve(output_pts) 

113 A = output_crv 

Get a polyline curve from the ‘output_points’ list, and export the curve to A. 



PART 3 APPLYING TO MULTIPLE WATER SOURCES 


In the part 3, we apply the previously defined component to multiple points. 

INPUT POINTS 

step 1 Now we want to repeat the process for every input point. 

87 Dim output_crvs As New List(Of PolylineCurve) 

Because, at the end of the process, we might want to get multiple polyline curves, we start off by declaring a place to store 

polyline curve list. 

89 For Each pt As point3d In input_pt 

.... 

115 output_crvs.Add(output_crv) 

117 Next 

This is another form of loop logic in VB, and unlike ‘do ~ Loop’, ‘for ~ next’ is unconditional. It simply do whatever it wants to 

do until there is no point left in the point list. In line 115, add ‘output_curve’ to the output curve list. 


t (start point or initial point if you like) and check if the slope is within the range of s 

ctor. Otherwise, we rotate the vector along with the normal vector at the point until 

e the start point by the vector. This point will be the product of part 1 and, at the sam 

SHORTEST PATH ON A CURVED SURFACE // 


g this process, we continue to find another next point until it is close enough to the de 

cluding The goal start of the definition and end is to find ones the shortest to path get between a shortest two points on path a topography which that does doesn’t not exceed a exceed specific slope; a specific slo 

Part 1 - Define a shortest path between two points on a given surface regardless of its slope(geodesic). Evaluate the slope vector on the path 

at the point (start point or initial point if you like) and check if the slope is within the range of safe slope. If yes, we move the start point by 

the vector. Otherwise, we rotate the vector along with the normal vector at the point until the slope would be within the range. Then we 

move the start point by the vector. This point will be the product of part 1 and, at the same time, another start point of the next iteration. 

Part 2 - By repeating this process, we continue to find another next point until it is close enough to the destination point. Then we connect 

all the points including start and end ones to get a shortest path which doesn’t exceed a specific slope.

afe slope. If yes, we move the 

the slope would be within the 

e time, another start point of 


Prior to jump on scripting, very clear definition of the system needs to be thought out step by step. Key things 

were how to evaluate a slope at a certain point on the surface and iterate to find the optimal path between the two points. 

stination point. Then we conpe. 

PROCESS 

step 01 

Get the shortest path between two points 

on a surface (geodesic). 

step 03 

1) within the range 

2) steeper than maximum 

3) steeper than minimum 

step 03 

step 02 

Get a tangetn vector on the path at the 

point to get a slope angle. Slope can be calcuated 

by the angle between the tangent 

and Z-axis at the point. 




step 03 

Check if the slope at the point is within the 

range between maximum and minimum 

slope. There might be three possible cases. 

step 04 

In this case, the tangent vector is steeper 

than the maximum so we want to find alternative 

route. 






step 05 

Rotate the tangent vector along with the 

normal vector of the point 5 degrees at a 

time clock wise until the vector gets within 

the range between max and min slope. 

step 08 

Move the starting point by the vector (vector 

multiplied by a factor. The smaller the 

factor, the more accurate the process will 

be). Then we might need to pull the point 

back to the surface. 

step 06 

Do the same thing this time in count clock 

wise. 

step 09 

Repeat the process with the point that 

we’ve just got form the previous step. 

Do the iteration over until the output point 

is close enough to the destination point. 

step 07 

Compare the two to pick closer one to the 

destination point. 

step 10 

By connecting all those points including 

start and end ones, we get the path. 



GRASSHOPPER VB WORKSHOP - Unrolling Surface 

UNFOLDING CURVED SURFACE // 


(re)fabricating tectonic prototypes, Spring 2013, Harvard, GSD - Leyre Asensio Villoria 

GH version 0.9.0014 

woojae sung . woojae.sung@yahoo.com . www.woojsung.com 

The goal of the definition is to generate curved surfaced approximation with triangles and automate unfolded map of the triangles on to 

x-y plane for digital fabrication.

Unrolling Surface - http://woojsung.com 3 


Prior to jump on scripting, very clear definition of the system needs to be thought out step by step. Key things 

were how to approximate a curved surface using triangulation, and orient individual patches to xy plane for digital fabrication. 

PROCESS 

step 01 

Build a surface. 

step 04 

Triangulate patches. 

step 02 

Subdivide the surface into series of strips. 

step 05 

Keep a particular order so we can handle 

points and segments of each triangle easily 

in scripting. 

step 03 

Subdivide strips into series of patches. 

step 06 

Set a reference point for unrolling. 



step 07 

Move the reference point along with -y 

vector and the length of the first segment 

of the first triangle to get the 2nd point. 

step 10 

This time, use the 2nd segment of the first 

triangle as a starting point for the next iteration. 

Use the 3rd point of the first triangle 

as a reference point of second triangle. 

Then set a movement vector using the 

2nd segment of the flattened first triangle. 

Based on the length of the 2nd segment of 

the 2nd triangle and the movement vector, 

move the reference point. 

step 08 

Move the 2nd point along with y axis in 

the amount equal to the length of 2nd segment 

of the first triangle. 

step 11 

Rotate the point using the angle, this time 

clockwise, to get the 2nd point of the second 

triangle. 3rd point of the second triangle 

will be 2nd point of the first flattened 

triangle. 

step 09 

Rotate 2nd point with the angle between 

the first and second segments of the first 

triangle to get the 3rd point. Then using 

the 3 points, get a closed polyline which 

represents flatten 1st triangle. 

step 12 

Repeat the process but this time rotate 

point counter clockwise. 

Note that when index number of input triangle 

is 0, or even number or odd number, 

the process are slightly differ from each 

other in terms of rotation angle and setting 

up reference point. 

Unrolling Surface - http://woojsung.com 4

CELL PACKING // 

PARAMETRIC WORKSHOP, 2011 

The goal of the definition is to find an optimal combination of variables that meets the pre-defined requirements. Galapagos, built in 

equation solver in Grasshopper was used.

IDEA 

The idea was to create four component types, and then array / pack them together. Each component has only one variable, the angle between 

two lines, which are represented by solid red lines tangent to a circle in the center. Each angle varies within a predefined range, for example, 

TYPE A’s angle is in a range between 5 to 10 degrees, TYPE B’s in between 7 to 12, etc.. In the second step we array them based on a certain 

order, which we can modify later. Then in the last step we want to minimize the sum of distance D1 and D2 so the array can be packed as tight 

as possible. Since we have four independent variables, it seems quite tough to get the optimum angle value for each component by moving 

number sliders. To solve the optimum value for each number sliders, we will use Galapagos, built-in algorithm solver in Grasshopper. 

STEP01 COMPONENTS 

STEP02 INITIAL ARRAY 

VARIABLE 

ANGLE 01 

VARIABLE 

ANGLE 02 

VARIABLE 

ANGLE 03 

VARIABLE 

ANGLE 04 

TYPE A 

TYPE B 

TYPE C 

TYPE D 

STEP03 PACKED 

D1 

D2 

COMPONENT PACKING VB + GALAPAGOS - http://woojsung.com 01

COMPONENT PACKING VB + GALAPAGOS - http://woojsung.com 04 

DEFINING A COMPONENT 

In the first place, we are going to define a component using only Grasshopper’s built-in objects (then we will convert it to a custom VB scripting 

object). The first thing is to draw a line (we call it as Start Line) in Rhino in length of 20 and connect it to Grasshopper Curve Object. Then we 

get a mid point of the line to get a perpendicular line (we call it as Start Leg) in length of 2.5. Now we can get a tangential circle at the end of 

the perpendicular line. Then we rotate geometries including the Start Line and the Start Leg by a certain amount of angle to get the “End line” 

and “End Leg”. 

CUSTOM VB COMPONENT 

As you can see from the screenshot below, the custom VB component has three inputs and seven outputs, which are pretty familiar with us. If 

not, refer to the component process diagram in the previous page. What it does is basically same thing with the GH definition in the previous 

page. We supply a curve as the initial input geometry, radius of a circle as fixed number (though it is from a number slider), and pivot angle as 

a variable. Then we get series of outputs such as End Curve, End Leg, etc.. (002 component VB.ghx) 

INPUT GEOMETRY 

Start Line 

Circle / 

Pivot Cell 

End Leg 

End Line 

L = 0.5 

Start Leg Pt 

LENGTH = 2.5 

Center Pt 

RADIUS = 2.5 

ANGLE 

Start Leg 

Pivot Point 

End Leg Pt 

Why do we use VB component over GH Objects? If you don’t bother with the length definition like below, you don’t have to. However, you will 

find it much easier to do whatever you want to do as you get to know about VB Scripting better (Such a fantastic excuse!). 

01 A CENTER POINT 02 A PERPENDICULAR LINE 03 A CIRCLE 04 ROTATE BY ANGLE 05 ROTATE BY ANGLE 

GH DEFINITION 

Below is the screenshot of the definition ( 001 component GH objects.ghx ). 



CODE REVIEW 

Double click on the VB object, you will get a new window to edit VB script. 

L = 0.5 


Start Line 

Start Leg Pt 

LENGTH = 2.5 

'defines start_leg_pt ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

End Line 

Circle / 

Dim s_pt As New point3d(start_crv.PointAt(0.5)) 

Pivot Cell 

End Leg 

Center Pt 

L = 0.5 

start_leg_pt = s_pt 

Start Leg Pt 

RADIUS = 2.5 

• Any line that starts with ‘ means that the line is just a note / comment. This does not do anything. Start Leg 

• The second line defines variable “s_pt” as a new point, and assign a mid point of the input curve (“start_ 

crv”) to it. Then assign “s_pt” to “start_leg_pt”, the output of the VB object. 

ANGLE 

Start Leg 

Pivot Point 


Start Line 

LENGTH = 2.5 

Center Pt 

RADIUS = 2.5 

Circle / 

Pivot Cell 

Pivot Point 

'defines pivot_pt ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

End Line 

Dim p_pt End Leg As New point3d(line_start.PointAt(1.0)) 

pivot_pt = p_pt 

'defines pivot_cell //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

Dim pivot_circle As New Circle(line_start.PointAt(1.0), pivot_cell_radius) 

ANGLE 

pivot_cell = pivot_circle 

• Define “p_pt” as a new point object, then assign the end point of “start leg (line_start)” to it. 

• Then we assign “p_pt” to ““pivot_pt”, the output of the VB object. 

• Define End Leg Pt “pivot_circle” as a new circle object, then assign a circle with given center(“pivot_pt”) and 

radius(“pivot_cell_radius”, the input of the VB object). 

• Assign it to “pivot_cell”, the output of the VB object. 

End Leg Pt 


L = 0.5 


Start Line 

Start Leg Pt 

'defines End Line end_leg /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 


Start Line 

Circle / 


Pivot Cell 

End Leg 

Dim rot As transform = transform.Rotation(pivot_ang * math.PI / 180, vector3d.ZAxis, line_start.PointAt(1.0)) 

'defines start_leg ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

End Line 

Center Pt 

Dim rotated_leg As line = line_start 

Circle / 

Dim start_crv_start Pivot Cell As New Point3d(start_crv.PointAt(0.0)) 

End Leg 

Center Pt 

Dim start_crv_end As New Point3d(start_crv.pointat(1.0)) 

rotated_leg.Transform(rot) 

L = 0.5 

Start Leg Pt 

Dim original_vector As New Vector3d(start_crv_start - start_crv_end) 

end_leg = rotated_leg 

ANGLE 

Dim rotation_ang_start_leg As Double = math.PI / 2 

'defines end_leg_pt //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

Start Leg 

Pivot Point 

Dim rotation_axis_start_leg As New Vector3d(0, 0, 1) 

s_pt.Transform(rot) 

ANGLE 

original_vector.Rotate(rotation_ang_start_leg, rotation_axis_start_leg) 

Start Leg 

Pivot Point 

end_leg_pt = s_pt 

End Leg Pt 

Dim line_start As New line(start_leg_pt, original_vector, pivot_cell_radius) 

'defines end_crv /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

start_leg = line_start 

End Leg Pt 

Dim st_line As line = start_crv 


st_line.Transform(rot) 

End Line 

Dim end_line_st_pt As New Point3d(st_line.PointAt(1.0)) 

Dim end_line_end_pt As New Point3d(st_line.PointAt(0.0)) 

Dim end_line As New line(end_line_st_pt, end_line_end_pt) 

end_crv = end_line 

LENGTH = 2.5 

RADIUS = 2.5 

• Define two points variables one at the start and the other at the end of the input curve (“start_crv”). 

• Then defines a vector, “original_vector”, using two points (We don’t care about the actual length of the 

1 A CENTER POINT 02 A PERPENDICULAR LINE 03 A CIRCLE vector). 

04 ROTATE BY ANGLE 05 ROTATE BY ANGLE 


Start Line 

• We need to rotate the vector(blue arrow) 90 degrees clock wise to get a perpendicular Circle / vector (green arrow) 

in order to draw a perpendicular line, “Start Leg”. 

Pivot Cell 

End Leg 

Center Pt 

• To use ‘rotate method’, we first need to define rotation axis and angle. The angle should be 90 degrees 

(PI/2 in radians). And Z-direction vector will serve as a rotation axis. 

• Apply ‘rotate method’ to the existing vector. Methods can be applied followed by dot connector. Rotate 

method consist of two input variables such as rotation angle and axis. For more information, visit http:// 

L = 0.5 

Start Leg Pt 

www.rhino3d.com/5/rhinocommon/ 

• Then we define a line, “line_start”, by three variables; start point of line segment, direction of line ANGLE segment 

and length of line segment. 

Start Leg 

Pivot Point 

• Assign the line to “start_leg”, the output of the VB object. 

LENGTH = 2.5 

LENGTH = 2.5 

RADIUS = 2.5 


RADIUS = 2.5 

End Leg Pt 

• In this step, we will rotate “start line”, “start leg” and “start leg point” in a given angle, then assign them 

to the corresponding output variable: “end line”, “end leg”, and “end leg point”. 

• Define a rotation matrix. This will be handy since we will need to repeat the exact same transformation 

couple of times. A rotation matrix consists of angle, axis, and center point of rotation. Supply corresponding 

value from previously defined variable. 

• Define “rotated_leg” as a line and assign “line_start” to it. Then, rotate it by the rotation matrix. 

• Do the same thing for leg point and end line. 

• Unlike others, “end line / start line” is direction-sensitive. When we rotate “start line”, its direction will be 

reversed, so we need to flip the line. 

• Get the start and end point of the rotated line, “st_line”, and make another line, “end_line”, out of the 

points. Note how we supply start and end points to reverse the line. 



USING A SUBROUTINE (FUNCTION) IN VB COMPONENT 

Now that we have a working custom object, we can copy and paste it multiple times to array all the components. However, copy and paste will 

cause the same problem that we had before. (003 subroutine component VB.ghx) 

Let’s open up the script editor and copy from “Private Sub ~” to “End Sub” as is shown below. 

We can be smart to use a subroutine in VB scripting. The idea is to define a subroutine, which is kind of a custom function within VB script, and 

call it whenever we need it, just as we use “line” function. 

line(start point, direction vector, distance) 

Let’s say that we want to make a subroutine called “FunctionA” which do something with two inputs and one output. Then one thing we should 

do is to define how it works, and the other is to call it and ask it to do whatever it supposes to do. The second part should be somewhere in VB 

scripting area, and the first part should be in “custom additional code” space (not sure how scripters call these). Also note that when we define 

a subroutine, “ByVal” means that it is an input variable, and “ByRef” means it is an output variable. 

FunctionA (ByVal input1, ByVal input2, ByRef output1) 

‘ 

Sub FunctionA (ByVal input1, ByVal input2, ByRef output1) 

...... 

End Sub 

‘ 

Then paste it in between ‘ and ‘ 



Then change the first part of the script as shown below. In this case, we call the subroutine as “component”. 

CODE REVIEW 

Double click on the VB component, you will get a new window to edit VB script. 

‘defines output parameters ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

Dim pivot_cell_list As New List(Of circle) 

Dim pivot_pt_list As New List(Of point3d) 

Dim start_leg_list As New List(Of Line) 

Dim start_leg_pt_list As New List(Of point3d) 

Dim end_leg_list As New List(Of Line) 

Dim end_leg_pt_list As New List(Of point3d) 

Dim end_crv_list As New List(Of Line) 

• The first part defines main outputs. Since we want to visualize all the components, we should define the variables in the form of list. 

And we need to change inputs / outputs as shown below. 

We have same inputs such as input curve, circle radius, and pivot angles. In the mean time, we also need an additional string input that defines 

component type (A/B/C/D). 

‘defines output parameters of “component” subroutine ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

Dim pivot_cell As circle 

Dim pivot_pt As point3d 

Dim start_leg As line 

Dim start_leg_pt As point3d 

Dim end_leg As line 

Dim end_leg_pt As point3d 

Dim end_crv As line 

• Those variables are the output of “component” subroutine. If we do not define these before we call “component” subroutine, Grasshopper 

will spit out error messages. Unlike outputs, we don’t have to worry about inputs of the subroutine, because they are already 

defined within the subroutine. 

‘defines rotation_ang /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

Dim rotation_ang As Double 

• This defines “rotation_angle”. Why? Because this angle may vary depend on the type of component (A/B/C/D). So we first define the 

angle as an empty variable, then we assign specific value later based on component types. 



‘checks component types and computes output based on the types ///////////////////////////////////////////////// 

For i As Integer = 0 To celltype.Count - 1 

If i = 0 Then 

If celltype(i) = “A” Then 

rotation_ang = A_ang 

Else If celltype(i) = “B” Then 

rotation_ang = B_ang 

pivot_cell_list.Add(pivot_cell) 

pivot_pt_list.Add(pivot_pt) 

start_leg_list.Add(start_leg) 

start_leg_pt_list.Add(start_leg_pt) 

end_leg_list.Add(end_leg) 

end_leg_pt_list.Add(end_leg_pt) 

end_crv_list.Add(end_crv) 

Next 

• Add every single output for the current iteration to the lists, before the next iteration. 

Else If celltype(i) = “C” Then 

rotation_ang = C_ang 

Else If celltype(i) = “D” Then 

rotation_ang = D_ang 

End If 

component(int_line, r, rotation_ang, pivot_cell, pivot_pt, start_leg, start_leg_pt, end_leg, end_leg_pt, end_crv) 

• Now we multiply component based on component types supplied in the form of a list of strings (A/B/C/D). 

• Do iteration for a certain amount of times depends on the length of characters list. That is what “For i As ~ “ do. 

• If this is the first path of the iteration(if i = 0 then), we use “int_line” (one that we made in Rhino and supplied as an input geometry of 

VB object) as our input geometry for the subroutine. Else, we use “end_crv” from the previous iteration as the input curve. 

• Assign type specific rotation angle to variable “rotation_ang”. A_ang / B_ang / C_ang / D_ang are input parameters that we can adjust 

in number sliders. 

• Then finally we call the subroutine, “component”. Note that we supply “int_line”(input geometry), “r”(radius of a circle) and “rotation_ang” 

and we get “pivot_cell”, “start_leg”, “start_leg_pt”, “end_leg”, “end_leg_pt”, and “end_crv”. 

• As is mentioned, “end_crv” will be an input geometry for the next iteration. 

‘output ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

A = pivot_cell_list 

B = pivot_pt_list 

C = start_leg_list 

D = start_leg_pt_list 

E = end_leg_list 

F = end_leg_pt_list 

G = end_crv_list 

• Put list variables to the corresponding output parameters so we can see the result in Rhino viewport. 

Else 

If celltype(i) = “A” Then 

rotation_ang = A_ang 

Else If celltype(i) = “B” Then 

rotation_ang = B_ang 

Else If celltype(i) = “C” Then 

rotation_ang = C_ang 

Else If celltype(i) = “D” Then 

rotation_ang = D_ang 

End If 

int_line = end_crv 

component(int_line, r, rotation_ang, pivot_cell, pivot_pt, start_leg, start_leg_pt, end_leg, end_leg_pt, end_crv) 

End If 

• Note that “end_crv” in the current iteration is assigned as “int_line” for the next iteration. 



STEP03 PACKED 

OPTIMUM SOLUTION BY GALAPAGOS 

To pack the components as tight as possible, firstly, we need to 

define two distance variables. As the sum of two gets smaller, 

the components will be packed tighter. 

(004 galapagos.ghx) 

D1 

• We get the first and last lines. 

• Then we get start and end points of 

them 

• Calculate distances, D1, D2. 

• Add two values. 

• Inverse the value, since Galapagos tries 

to find the maximum value. 

• Connect angle sliders to Galapagos’ Genome 

tab, and connect the inversed distance 

value to Fitness tab. 

• Double click on Galapagos object and go 

to the solver tab and hit start solver button 

on top. 

• Wait until it finished the calculation. 

D2

PARAMETRIC TOOL BASIC CONCEPTS // 

DIGITAL SERIES, SYRACUSE ARCHITECTURE 2010

Grasshopper Learning Material 

Syracuse Architecture / Apr 10th 2010 

by Woojae Sung / woojsung.com 

GH Version 0.6.0059 

ROTATION AXIS 

TYPE ‘REVOLVE’ 

ENTER 

PROFILE CRV 

- TYPE ‘REVOLVE’ 

- HIT ENTER 

- PICK PROFILE CRV 

- HIT ENTER 

- PICK ROTATION AXIS 

- HIT ENTER 

- TYPE ‘0’ AS START ANGLE 

- HIT ENTER 

- TYPE ‘360’ AS END ANGLE 

ENTER 

YOUR APPLE 

Chapter01 

Grasshopper Introduction 

ENTER 

PICK PROFILE CRV PICK ROTATION AXIS ‘0’ AS START ANGLE ‘360’ AS END ANGLE YOUR APPLE 

ENTER 

ENTER 

ROTATION AXIS 

PROFILE CRV 


- HIT ENTER 


- HIT ENTER 


- HIT ENTER 


- HIT ENTER 


YOUR APPLE 


ENTER 

PICK PROFILE CRV 

ENTER 

PICK ROTATION AXIS 

ENTER 

‘0’ AS START ANGLE 

ENTER 

‘90’ AS END ANGLE 

ENTER 

YOUR APPLE 

BUILD A TABLE WITH 10000 POINTS ON IT 

BUILD APPLES 

ARRAY THEM ON THE TABLE 

x 1250 

10000 POINTS 

x 1250 

10000 APPLES 

x 2500 

x 5000 

Chapter01 Grasshopper Introduction 

Basic Concept 

Grasshopper is a graphical algorithm editor. We work on real 2D/3D geometries with Rhino. With Grasshopper, we work on the algorithm 

behind those real geometries. 

Basic Concept : Apple Making Process 

In Rhino 

Below is an usual work process to make an apple in Rhino work environment. First we need to draw a profile curve and a rotation axis. 

Then, type in ‘Revolve’ then pick the profile and rotation curves with starting and ending angles. In this case, we supply 0 as the starting 

angle and 360 as the ending angle to get a whole apple. 

PROFILE CRV 


YOUR APPLE 

- HIT ENTER 

PROFILE CRV 



YOUR APPLE 

- HIT ENTER 

PROFILE CRV 

TYPE ‘REVOLVE’ - HIT ENTER 

YOUR APPLE 

- PICK PROFILE HIT ENTER - PICK ROTATION 

CRV 

AXIS 

- HIT ENTER 

PICK PROFILE - HIT ENTER CRV 

ROTATION AXIS 


HIT ENTER - TYPE ‘0’ AS START ANGLE 

- HIT ENTER 

PICK ROTATION - HIT ENTER AXIS 

ROTATION AXIS 


HIT ENTER - TYPE ‘360’ AS END ANGLE 

ROTATION AXIS 

- HIT ENTER 

TYPE ‘0’ AS START ANGLE 


HIT ENTER 


ENTER ENTER 

ENTER 

ENTER ENTER 

ENTER 

ENTER ENTER 

TYPE ‘REVOLVE’ PICK PROFILE CRV PICK ROTATION AXIS ‘0’ AS START ANGLE ‘360’ AS END ANGLE YOUR APPLE 



ENTER 

ENTER ENTER 

ENTER 

ENTER ENTER 

ENTER 

Your boss is not happy with this. He wants to change the mixing ratio of apples. You have two choices; do it again, or find another job. 

DO IT AGAIN, OR KILL YOUR BOSS AND GET A NEW JOB 

In Grasshopper 

In Grasshopper, you don’t work on the real geometries. Rather, you work on the logic behind the geometries. Once the apple making 

logic has been set up, you can change parameters such as starting and ending angles. Also you can change the shape of apples by supplying 

different profile curves as well as rotation axis. Or you can make multiple apples out of just one definition by supplying multiple 

angle values and/or profile/rotation curves to the definition. 

ROTATION AXIS 


ENTER 

PROFILE CRV 

PICK PROFILE CRV 

INPUTS 

ENTER 

PICK ROTATION AXIS 

ENTER 


- HIT ENTER 


- HIT ENTER 


- HIT ENTER 


- HIT ENTER 


‘0’ AS START ANGLE 

ENTER 

‘360’ AS END ANGLE 

ENTER 

YOUR APPLE 

YOUR APPLE 

What if we want to have only a quarter of an apple? Basically, we need to do the same thing again, but this time, we supply 0 as the starting 

angle and 90 as the ending angle. 

ROTATION AXIS 

ROTATION AXIS 

ROTATION AXIS 

ENTER ENTER 

PROFILE CRV 

PROFILE CRV 

PROFILE CRV 

ENTER 

ENTER ENTER 

ENTER 


- HIT ENTER 



- HIT ENTER 

TYPE ‘REVOLVE’ - HIT ENTER 

- PICK PROFILE HIT ENTER - PICK ROTATION 

CRV 

AXIS 

- HIT ENTER 

PICK PROFILE - HIT ENTER CRV 

- PICK ROTATION HIT ENTER - TYPE ‘0’ 

AXIS 

AS START ANGLE 

- HIT ENTER 

PICK ROTATION - HIT ENTER AXIS 


HIT ENTER - TYPE ‘90’ AS END ANGLE 

- HIT ENTER 

TYPE ‘0’ AS START ANGLE 


HIT ENTER 


TYPE ‘REVOLVE’ PICK PROFILE CRV PICK ROTATION AXIS ‘0’ AS START ANGLE ‘90’ AS END ANGLE 



ENTER ENTER 

ENTER 

ENTER ENTER 

ENTER 

ENTER ENTER 

ENTER 

YOUR APPLE 

YOUR APPLE 

YOUR APPLE 

YOUR APPLE 

YOUR APPLE 

YOUR APPLE 

OUTPUTS 

PARAMETERS 

SUPLY MULTIPLE INPUTS 

MODIFY INPUTS 

Now, your boss wants to have a table on which 5,000 apples, 2,500 three quarter apples, 1,250 two quarter apples, and 1,250 one quarter 

apples are distributed randomly. First you should make a table which has 10,000 reference points on it. Then make 4 different types 

of apple, copy and move one by one to the reference points. Don’t forget to count apples so as to make your boss happy. 

INPUTS 

10000 APPLES ARE 

UNDER YOUR CONTROL 




10000 POINTS 

10000 POINTS 

10000 POINTS 

BUILD APPLES 

BUILD APPLES 

x 1250 

BUILD APPLES 

x 1250 

x 1250x 1250 

x 1250 

x 1250x 2500 




10000 APPLES 

10000 APPLES 

10000 APPLES 

SUPLY MULTIPLE PARAMS 

MODIFY PARAMS 

PARAMETERS 

OUTPUTS 

x 2500 

x 2500 

x 5000 

x 5000 

x 5000 

GRASSHOPPER LEARNING MATERIAL 

CH01.3 



DO IT AGAIN, OR KILL YOUR BOSS AND GET A NEW JOB

Chapter02 Interface / Basic Knowledge 

Interface 

Grasshopper’s workspace is pretty similar to other windows applications. However, as a history/algorithm editor, it has some unique 

features like components/parameters, which eventually will be linked to each other to make a working definition. 

Interface : Workspace 

Main Menu 

File handling, copy/paste, undo/redo, interface/display setting, realtime solution toggle, etc.. 

Shelves 

Chapter02 

Interface / Basic Knowledge 

Shelves are where all Grasshopper objects are listed by categories. Each shelve has its sub tabs which show limited numbers of items. 

To access to all available components/parameters, click on black title bar at the bottom. 

Canvas Tool Bar 

Short cuts for some frequently used commands such as ‘zoom extend’, ‘realtime solution on/off toggle’, ‘show/hide toggle’, ‘component 

on/off toggle’, and ‘bake command button’. 

Canvas 

Interface : Grasshopper Objects 

Grasshopper objects fall into two major categories, components and parameters, which will be covered later on this tutorial. However, 

before we move on, it is important to understand how Grasshopper objects are structured. 

Structure & Types of Grasshopper Objects 

INPUT TAB 

INPUT FROM OTHER COMPONENTS 

INPUT OPTION 

RIGHT CLICK TO CHANGE OPTIONS 

BODY 


OUTPUT OPTION 


OUTPUT TAB 

OUTPUT TO OTHER COMPONENTS 

INPUT TAB + INPUT OPTION + BODY + OUTPUT OPTION + OUTPUT TAB 

INPUT TAB + BODY + OUTPUT TAB 

BODY + OUTPUT OPTION + OUTPUT TAB 

INPUT TAB + INPUT OPTION + BODY 

Canvas is the main workspace where you work with lots of component/parameter to make an actual definition. To activate a component/parameter, 

click the component/parameter icon on a shelve and drop it on canvas by clicking somewhere on canvas. Once you 

drop it, you can move, delete, copy or paste as you do in other windows applications. You can also pan/zoom your working canvas with 

mouse button as you do in Rhino. 

Status Bar 

Grasshopper objects usually can be divided into 5 different parts; Input Tab, Input Option, Body, Output Option, Output Tab. However, 

depends on object types, some of them have only 3 parts as shown in the figure above. 

‘Input Tab’ is where an object get input from the output data of others. If you are not sure what kind of data should be connected to an 

input tab, you can check the tool tip by hovering your mouse point on top of the ‘Input Option’ character right next to the input tab. You 

can also access to an input option setting window by clicking right mouse button on the character. If you want to change data processing 

setting of an object, right click on the ‘Body’. ‘Output Option’ is pretty same with ‘Input Option’, where you can change some output data 

setting. ‘Output Tab’ is where output data stored so we can pass it to other Grasshopper objects. 

Object Connection 

To connect your output data to other Grasshopper objects, click on the white little bubble in ‘Output Tab’ and drag and drop it onto input 

tab(s) of other Grasshopper objects as shown in the figure below. 

drag mouse point 

release 

click & hold mouse button 

Displays information such as errors, warnings, etc.. 

If you want to have multiple connection, hold your shift button while you connecting tabs as shown below. 

hold down shift button 


CH02.3

Object Status 

There are couple of different object colors which indicate the status of object. 

Basic Knowledge : Data Matching 

Data matching is one of key concepts of most parametric tools. Since a Grasshopper object deal with multiple data from different input 

sources, we need to have a clear logic on how to match data. 

default status without data 

preview on 

For example, let’s say that we have a Grasshopper object which draws a line out of two input points like below. 

object selected 

preview off 

default status with data 

object on 

We can also supply multiple points to get multiple lines at the same time as below. 

error 

object off (do not process data) 

Basic Knowledge 

There are some background knowledge you should understand before we move on. 

What if we have different numbers of points for each input? This may cause problem in drawing lines because the number of input 

points are not matching. If we set the data matching option as ‘Shortest list’ in option window, Grasshopper will draw lines based on 

short input list. 

Basic Knowledge : Coordination Systems 

Grasshopper provides couple of different coordination systems, some of which are familiar with Rhino users. 

A. XYZ (WORLD) 

B. UVW (SURFACE) 

Else if we set the data matching option as ‘Longest list’ in option window, Grasshopper will draw lines based on longest input list. 

Z 

V 

W (SURFACE NORMAL) 

(0,0,0) 

U 

X 

Y 

C. L (CURVE/CURVE ON SURFACE) 

D. t (CURVE/CURVE ON SURFACE) 

Or we can set the data matching option as ‘Cross reference’ in option window, in case we want to have crazy data matching. 

L = 0.0 L = 0.25 

t = 0.0 t = 12.5 

L = 0.75 

L = 1.0 

t = 37.5 

t = 50 

CURVE LENGTH = 1 (UNITIZED) 

CURVE LENGTH = 50 (REAL SCALE) 


CH02.5 

Basic Knowledge : Data Structure (Tree / Branch / List / Item) 

Grasshopper provides multi-dimensional data structure, which we call ‘Tree’. ‘Tree’ is composed of multiple ‘Branches’. Branches can 

have sub branches. Only the branches at the lowest hierarchy can have ‘List’. A list is a one-dimensional array containing items with 

index number. 

Let’s say that we have 4 lists, and each of them has 3 items in it. Numbers in round bracket in the figure below is item index number. 

(0) 

(0) 

(0) 

(0) 

(0) 

(0) 

(1) 

(1) 

(1) 

(0) 

(0) 

(0) 

(2) 

(2) 

(2) 

(2) 

(1) 

(2) 

(2) 

(1) 

(2) 

(2) 

(1) 

(1) (1) 

(2) 

(1) (1) 

(1) 

(0) 

(1) 

(0) 

(2) 

(2) 

(2) 

(1) 

(0) 

(1) 

(2) 

(1) 

(0) 

( 2) 

(1) (2) 

(0) 

( 2) 

{0:2} (1) 

(0) {0:1} (0) 

(1) (2) 

{0:1} {0:2} ( 2) 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:1} {0:2} 

(1) (2) 

{0:3} (0) 

{0:0} 

(1) 

{0:3} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:0} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:3} 

(1) {0:0} {0} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0} 

(0) 

{0} 

Branch is represented as form of numbers separated by semicolons in braces. Numbers in braces represent hierarchy, which means 

a branch can have any numbers of sub branches. The 4 lists from the diagram above can be mapped onto 4 branches as shown in the 

(1) 

figure below like {0;0}, {0;1}, {0;2}, {0;3}. And these branches can be merged as another branch which (0) is represented as {0}. 

(1) 

(2) 

(1) 

(0) 

( 2) 

(1) (2) 

(0) 

( 2) 

{0:2} (1) 

{0:3} 

(0) {0:1} (0) 

(1) (2) 

{0:3} 

{0:1} {0:2} ( 2) 

{0:2} 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:2} 

{0:2} 

{0:3} 

{0:1} 

{0:1} 

(1) (2) 

{0:3} (0) 

{0:0} 

(1) 

{0:3} 

{0:2} {0:1} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:0} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:0} 

{0:3} 

{0:1} 

(1) {0:0} {0} 

(1) 

{0:0} 

(2) 

(0) 

{0} 

{0:0} 

{0} 

{0} 

{0} 

{0} 

(1) 

(0) 

(1) 

(2) 

(1) 

(0) 

( 2) 

(1) (2) 

(0) 

( 2) 

{0:2} (1) 

(0) {0:1} (0) 

(1) (2) 

{0:1} {0:2} ( 2) 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:1} {0:2} 

(1) (2) 

{0:3} (0) 

{0:0} 

(1) 

{0:3} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:0} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:3} 

(1) {0:0} {0} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0} 

Chapter03 

Parameters / Components 

{0} 

Below is complete map of data tree structure with one main branch, 4 sub branches, 4 lists, and 12 items. 

{0:3}(2) 

{0:3}(2) 

{0:2}(2) 

{0:3}(1) 

{0:2}(2) 

{0:3}(1) {0:2}(1) 

{0:3}(2) 

{0:1}(2) 

{0:2}(1) 

{0:2}(2) 

{0:1}(2) 

{0:3}(0) 

{0:3}(1) 

{0:1}(1) 

{0:0}(2) 

{0:3}(0) 

{0:2}(1) {0:1}(1) 

{0:1}(2) {0:0}(2) 

{0:2}(0) 

{0:3}(0) {0:2}(0) 

{0:1}(1) {0:0}(1) 

{0:0}(2) 

{0:1}(0) 

{0:0}(1) 

{0:2}(0) {0:1}(0) 

{0:0}(0) 

{0:0}(1) 

{0:1}(0) 

{0:0}(0) 

{0:0}(0) 

(1) 

(0) 

(1) 

(2) 

(1) 

(0) 

( 2) 

(1) (2) 

(0) 

( 2) 

{0:2} (1) 

(0) {0:1} (0) 

(1) (2) 

{0:1} {0:2} ( 2) 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:1} {0:2} 

(1) (2) 

{0:3} (0) 

{0:0} 

(1) 

{0:3} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:0} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0:3} 

(1) {0:0} {0} 

(1) 

(2) 

(0) 

{0} 

{0} 


CH02.7

(2) 

(1) 

(0) 

(1) (2) 

(0) 

(1) 

(0) 

( 2) 

(0) 

(1) 

(2) 

2nd ITEM INDEX = 1 

(2) 

(1) 

(0) 

(1) (2) 

(0) 

(1) 

(0) 

( 2) 

(0) 

(1) 

(2) 

Chapter03 Parameters / Components 

Create new data from scratch 

Parameters 

There are two major object types in Grasshopper; parameters and components. 

Parameters usually store data, while components do some action such as creating 

curves, surfaces, etc. For example, we need at least two curves to make a loft surface. 

Those curves are stored as form of parameter in Grasshopper, so we can do loft action 

out of the curves. 

Parameters : Geometry / Primitive 

PARAMETER 

COMPONENT 

Some parameters are not able to get data from Rhino object. For example, circle parameter does not provide connection with Rhino 

circle. Instead, it has a built-in option to draw a circle directly by providing radius and center point. The circle by the parameter is 

completely independent from any Rhino object. To make a circle using circle parameter, right click on it, select ‘set a circle’ from the 

popup, then draw a circle in Rhino view port. 

Parameters : Special 

Grasshopper provides three different ways of assigning data to parameters; referencing 

Rhino data, referencing Grasshopper data, and creating new data from scratch. 

Reference Rhino data 

Note : For more information about each 

parameter / component, right click and 

refer to help file. 

Special parameters are more about controlling, manipulating and representing data, rather than pure parameters. Four major roles; 

getting new input data, representing data, referencing data, and converting/modifying data. 

Get user input 

They are useful to get user input such as custom color, numeric number or boolean value. 

RHINO CURVE 

Represent data 

Represent data in graphical fashion. For example, Bar Graph parameter visualizes numeric input data using bar chart. Parameter 

Viewer parameter shows data tree structure in the form of simple table. 

PARAMETER 

COMPONENT 

Convert / Modify data 

Some parameters can work like bridges between Rhino and Grasshopper data. It is 

useful in getting inputs from rhino data. For example, to make a loft surface in 

Grasshopper, the first thing that we should do is to get curves from Rhino. To assign a 

Rhino curve to Grasshopper’s one, right click on curve parameter on Grasshopper 

canvas, select ‘set one curve’ from the popup menu, then select a curve from Rhino 

viewport. Now since they are connected to each other, when we move the curve in 

Rhino view port, we can see the Grasshopper curve follows it. 

Generate different type of data from user input. For example, Image Sampler parameter produces series of numeric data out of an 

input image file, by picking up RGB values of corresponding coordinates. 

Reference data 

Most of special parameters also can reference Grasshopper data. 

Reference Grasshopper data 

GRASSHOPPER CURVE 

PARAMETER 

COMPONENT 

Most of parameter also can reference Grasshopper data itself. It is pretty much like an 

internal bridge between data in Grasshopper. 


CH03.3 

Components 

Unlike parameters, components usually do something with input data from parameters or from other components. There are two 

major actions that components do; data manipulation and geometry creation. For example, some components calculate numeric data 

operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division. While some other components do some physical works like creating 

points, curves or surfaces. 

(1) (2) 

(0) 

{0:1} 

(2) 

(1) {0:0} 

(1) 

(0) 

( 2) 

{0:2} 

{0:3} 

(0) 

(1) 

(1) (2) 

(0) 

{0:1} 

(2) 

(1) {0:0} 

(1) 

(0) 

( 2) 

{0:2} 

{0:3} 

(0) 

(1) 

(0) 

(2) 

(0) 

(2) 

{0} 

{0} 

Components : Logic 

2nd BRANCH = {0:1} 

Components : Scalar 

Logic components are pretty much about data manipulation rather than physical works. They fall into four different categories; List/ 

Sets, Tree, Script, and Boolean. List and Sets components manipulate list data. List data exist in the form of one dimensional array with 

item index numbers (refer to data tree section). Tree components control data tree itself rather than individual data item in the list (also 

refer to data tree section). Script components let users to make customized functions as well as components with VB.net / C# language. 

Boolean components provide stream control like gate and filters. 

List data handling (List / Sets) 

Scalar components calculate scalar operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Also some of them provide 

built-in functions like Log, Sine, Max, etc. We can also find some useful constants such as Pi in this shelf. However, the most important 

ones here is Interval (Domain in the later version of GH). 

Interval (Domain) 

List / Sets components deal with list data, one dimensional array of individual items. Every item in the list data has its own item index 

number starting from 0. For example, let say that we have 4 lists consisting of 3 items. We can retrieve every 2nd items from those lists 

by ‘List Item’ component. We can also cull every 3rd items from those lists by ‘Cull Nth’ component. 

{0:0} 

{0:1} 

{0:2} 

{0:3} 

{0:0} 

{0:1} 

{0:2} 

{0:3} 

Interval or domain is usually numeric data which has a starting and ending value. In Grasshopper, all objects with coordinate systems 

can be seen as domain or interval. For now, Grasshopper provides up to two dimensional domain. Curves could be treated as one 

dimensional objects which have t or L parameters (refer to the coordinate system section). Also, surfaces could be though of as two 

dimensional domain with U and V value (also refer to the coordinate system section). 

For example, a surface can be subdivided into several pieces by domains. Assume that the dimension of a surface is 10 in U direction 

and 8 in V direction. Grasshopper recognizes the surface as two dimensional domain; U:0~10 / V:0~8. If we split each domain into two 

sub domains like U:0~5,5~10 and V:0~4,4~8, we can subdivide the surface into 4 patches. 

{0} 

{0} 

U DOMAIN : 0 ~ 10 

U DOMAIN : 0 ~ 10 

0 ~ 5 5 ~ 10 

Tree structure handling (Tree) 

0 ~ 4 4 ~ 8 

V DOMAIN : 0 ~ 8 

V DOMAIN : 0 ~ 8 

Most of tree components deal with tree structure itself. In the previous example, if we want to retrieve 2nd branch, we can do that with 

‘Tree Branch’ component. 


CH03.5

Components : Vector 

Util 

Vector components create and control vectors, points and planes. This might sound weird because a point does not have direction or 

magnitude which vectors have in common. However, Grasshopper recognize a point as a vector, precisely as an ending point of a vector. 

A plane is a vector because it defines origine and three unit vectors (x,y,z) enabling us to use a plane as a sub coordinate system. 

Utility components do some special operations on curves. For example, we can invert the direction of a curve by ‘Flip Curve’ component. 

Z 

Z 

Components : Surface 

SUB COORDINATE SYSTEM 

@ (4,2,3) 

Z’ 

X’ 

POINT (4,2,3) 

Y’ 

X 

Y 

X 

Y 

Surface components also fall into three categories; Freeform/Primitive, Analysis, and Util. Freeform/Primitive components create 

different types of surfaces out of input data such as points, curves, etc.. Analysis components get points or curves out of surfaces. Util 

components modify the property of surfaces. 

Components : Curve 

Freeform / Primitive 

Curve components fall into three categories; Primitive/Spline, Analysis/Division, and Util. Primitive/Spline components create different 

types of curve out of input data. Analysis/Division components get points or planes out of curves. Util components modify the property 

of curves. 

Primitive / Spline 

Freeform/Primitive components create surfaces based on user input. For example, with ‘Loft’ component, we can define a surface 

between multiple curves from Rhino. 

Analysis 

Primitive/spline components create curves based on user input. For example, with ‘Curve’ component, we can define a curve out of 4 

input points from Rhino. 

Analysis / Division 

Analysis components produce points or curves as the product of surface analysis processes. For example, by supplying an UV coordination 

of a point on a surface, we can get the normal vector of the surface on that point. 

Util 

Analysis/Division components produce points or planes as the product of curve analysis/division processes. For example, by supplying 

a number and an input curve, we can get equidistant points along with the curve. 

Utility components do some special operations on surfaces. For example, we can invert the direction of a surface by ‘Flip’ component. 


CH03.7 

Components : Intersect 

Components : Xform 

Intersect components fall into three categories; Boolean, Mathematical/Physical, and Region. Boolean components do boolean operations 

between closed planar curves as well as Breps. Mathematical/Physical components get points or curves between geometries 

where they intersect with each other. Region components do trim or split curves with any given geometries. 

Xform components fall into two categories; Affine/Euclidian and Morph. These components either transform or deform any given 

geometries. Affine/Euclidian do basic transform/deform actions such as scaling, rotating or moving geometries. Morph literally deform 

geometries. 

Boolean 

Affine / Euclidian 

Boolean components are pretty much same as the compound path commands of Adobe Illustrator such as union, intersection and 

subtraction (difference). They works with only closed planar curves or closed Breps. 

Besides the difference between Affine and Euclidian transform, they are basic transforming tools available in Grasshopper. They usually 

need reference points or vector for their 3D operations. 

Mathematical / Physical 

Morph 

Mathematical and Physical components are basically same in that they get intersecting geometries such as curves or points. However, 

Physical calculate the intersection based on purely physical characteristics, while Mathematical do it based on the mathematical definition 

of the geometries. For example, there are a line and a cylinder, and they meet at a point. Physically speaking, they meet at point A. 

However, mathematically, they intersect at two points. This is because the line is an infinite with a specific inclination when mathematically 

defined. 

Morph is one of the most powerful transformation/deformation tools in Grasshopper. For example, we can morph a pre-defined component 

into a twisted box on/in between surface(s). If you are familiar with the concept of Rhino Paneling Tools, you will see most of 

Morph components are pretty much about it. 

Physically Defined Line 

without Imaginary Line 

Mathematically Defined Line 

with Imaginary Line 

PHYSICAL INTERSECTION 

MATHEMATICAL INTERSECTION 

Region 

Region components split/trim curves with closed Breps or curves. 


CH03.9


SPEECH AT UIA SEOUL 2017 

@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2017 / SEOUL / KOREA


SPEECH AT UIA SEOUL 2017 

I would like to bring up the idea of bottom up design process in a context of parametric design. This molecular approach, as opposed to 

more traditional, top down design process, changed the way how we design certain things. The traditional design process where we set up 

holistic framework and gradually run down to specific parts still maintains good hold on most of design processes, but the new approach 

enables us to do something entirely new by doing things exactly in an opposite way.

SKETCHES // 

ARCHITECTURAL IDEAS 

@ SELECTIVE AMPLIFICATION / 2006 - 2018

Selective-Amplification is an architectural design studio 

heavily utilizing parametric design approaches and 

technologies, based in New York / Seoul. We believe 

architecture and design want be unique experiences that 

selectively amplify certain factors of our lives to make 

them more beautiful and enjoyable.

SA_VOL1 SELF-EMPLOYED

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