Structural Engineer Pocket Book

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Index 341 CDM (Construction Design & Management Regulations 1994), 12, 24, 331 Cellular bricks, 147 Cement, 34, 175, 177, 178, 179, 299 Cement mortar, 141, 144, 146, 166 Centre of gravity, 222, 224 Ceramics, 62, 312 Certificates completion, 14, 15, 16 Lawful Development Certificates, 13 self-certification, 15 Chains, 89 Characteristic strengths, 61, 156, 160±1, 178, 283, 292 Charpy notch test, 250 Chlorinated environments, 114, 272 Circular sections, 88, 208, 233±4, 251, 252, 253, 317 Circular structures, 28 CIRIA Reports, 297±8, 332, 335 Cladding, 141, 146 Clamped connections, 294 Clapeyron's equations, 76±7 Clay, 34, 94±101, 104, 107, 109 Clay bricks, 62, 64, 141, 142, 144, 160 movement joints, 29, 146 Coach screws, 306 Coarse grained soils, 95, 96 Coatings, 243±5, 312 Codes of practice, 43, 166±7, 333, 337 see also Approved Codes of Practice; Standards Coefficient of earth pressure, 105, 107 Coefficients of friction, 65 Coffered concrete slabs, 46, 180 Cohesive soils, 97, 98, 101, 103, 107, 111±12 Cold rolled steel, 208, 211, 270 Cold weather working, 307 Columns composite steel and concrete, 277 compressive strength, 153, 166 effective length, 241 framing moments, 195 glue laminated timber, 120 load resistance, 156 minimum imposed floor loads, 38 perimeters, 190 reinforced concrete, 180, 181, 189±90, 194±202, 203, 206 rigid frame loading, 81±3 steel, 245, 246 tolerances, 31 universal, 210, 216±17, 245, 251, 253, 277 verticality, 31 yield line analysis, 84±5 Combined loads, 256, 265, 268, 312 Commercial buildings, 29, 30, 206, 278 Common Arrangement of Work Sections for Building Work (CAWS), 10 Completion certificates, 14, 15, 16 Composite materials adhesives, 302 BS 5950, 281±3 durability, 276 fire resistance, 276, 281 floor construction, 46, 275, 280 preliminary sizing, 277±9 properties, 62, 276 sections, 60 span/depth ratios, 277 steel and concrete, 60, 275±83, 334 Compression buckling factor, 133 Compression capacity, 52, 255±6, 266, 281 Compression chord bracing, 53 Compression members, 133, 255, 264 Compressive strength cast iron, 208 glass, 284 masonry, 141, 142, 144, 152±3, 156 reinforced concrete, 176, 177, 191, 193, 203, 308 steel, 251 timber, 62 Compressive stresses, 60, 80 cast iron, 208 glass, 291, 294 masonry, 151, 160, 166, 167 reinforced concrete, 170, 176, 191, 193, 203 steel, 239, 251, 263±5, 271 timber, 128, 129, 130 Concentrated loads, 165, 167, 281, 293 Concrete adhesives, 303 advantages/disadvantages, 46 composite steel and concrete, 59, 275±83, 334 cube testing, 178 frost action, 179, 307 historical use, 32 mix design, 177±8 piles, 102±3, 105 properties, 34, 62, 64 waterproofing, 296 see also Precast concrete; Prestressed concrete; Reinforced concrete Concrete blocks, 62, 141, 142, 143, 147, 153, 160 movement joints, 29, 146 Concrete buildings, 29, 31, 42, 206 Conditions of Engagement (ACE), 11±12, 331, 336 Connections fire effects, 309 glass, 284, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293±4 robustness, 28 soldiers, 53 steel, 252, 257±10, 266±8, 274 timber, 125 see also Bolted connections; Joints Conservation areas, 18 Consolidation overconsolidation, 96, 97, 107 soils, 94, 96, 97, 104, 109 Consortia, 7
342 Index Construction management, 7 phases, 12, 24 Construction Design & Management (CDM) Regulations 1994, 12, 24, 331 Consultants, 11±12, 20 Contaminated land, 113±16 Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment (CLEA), 113, 115 Continuous beams, 78 Continuous flight auger (CFA) piles, 102±3 Continuous slabs, 188 Contractors, 6±7, 11±12 archaeology and ancient monuments, 20 health and safety, 24 tree preservation orders, 18 Contraflexure, 81, 82 Conversion factors, 4, 5 Corners, 172, 190, 293 Corrosion resistance, 179, 242±4, 269, 272, 273, 288, 301, 312 Corus Group, 210, 213±35, 242, 244, 323, 328, 337 Coulomb's theory, 107 CP111: 1970, 166±7, 333, 337 CPIC (1998), 10, 331, 337 Cracking fire effects, 308, 309 glass, 284 masonry, 141, 146 patterns, 84, 86±7 prevention, 29, 146, 276, 281, 283, 300 retaining walls, 107 Crane loads, 249 Creep, 176, 191, 286, 294, 307 Critical buckling load, 79±80 Cross bracing, 28, 241 Cross sections, 88, 119, 211, 251, 252, 313 Cross walls, 155 Crushing strength, 62, 151, 178, 240 Curators, 20 Damp proofing, 295 Dead loads, 152, 160, 161, 185, 249, 283, 314 Decking, 41, 46, 126, 275, 276, 282, 283, 299 `Deemed to satisfy' requirements, 14, 16 Deep foundations, 93, 94, 102 Deflection beams, 181, 191±3, 246, 278 cables, 89±90 columns, 196 fire effects, 308 formulae, 69±76 glass, 288, 291, 293, 294 limits, 68, 134 masonry, 146 modification factors, 191±3 natural frequency, 91, 279, 283 pinned struts, 80 plates, 84 retaining walls, 107 rigid frames, 81±3 screeds, 299 slabs, 189, 275, 298 stainless steel, 270 timber, 134 units, 2 Degree of anisotropy, 84 Demolition work, 15 Density aluminium, 310 glass, 286 masonry, 141 reinforced concrete, 176, 276 steel, 209, 270 timber, 118, 128 units, 2, 4 Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), 115, 331 Department for Transport (DfT), 47, 332 Depth hollowcore slabs, 300 span/depth ratios, 125, 180, 191, 245, 277 steel sections, 26, 212±20, 251, 252, 277 Depth factors, 132, 186 Design columns, 196±202 composite steel and concrete, 281±3 glass, 284, 291±3 lintels, 168±9 listed buildings, 17 load factors and limit states, 66, 117, 313 masonry, 152±69 mild steel, 249±68 quick estimate methods, 101±7 reinforced concrete, 185±203 stainless steel, 269±74 timber, 127±34 Design and build, 7 Design data, 25±53, 331±2 Design moments beams, 185, 201±2 columns, 196±202 plates, 85 slabs, 188, 189 stanchions, 248 Design process, 6±7, 11±12, 24 Design strengths, 165, 182, 250, 251, 281 Design stresses, 66, 258, 294 Designated concrete mixes, 177, 178 Details (drawings), 8 Developers, 19±20 Diaphragm action, 28, 299, 300 Differentiation, 319 Disproportionate collapse, 28, 291 Distributed loads, 2, 69, 78, 80, 168±9, 171, 245 District councils (NI), 16 Documentation, 6±7 Double tee beams, 46 Dow Corning Ltd, 294, 328, 337 Drainage, 296, 298, 299 Drained soils, 96±7 Drawings, 6, 11±12, 119 conventions, 8±9 health and safety information, 24 Driven piles, 92, 93, 102, 105 Dry rot, 122
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Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book
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Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book
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Contents Preface Acknowledgements i
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Contents vii Timber design to BS 52
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Preface As a student or graduate en
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Acknowledgements Thanks to the foll
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1 General Information Metric system
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General Information 3 Imperial unit
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General Information 5 Measurement o
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General Information 7 Construction
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General Information 9 Line thicknes
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General Information 11 Summary of A
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2 Statutory Authorities and Permiss
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Statutory Authorities and Permissio
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3 Design Data Design data checklist
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Design Data 27 PORTAL FRAMES All fi
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Design Data 29 Structural movement
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Design Data 31 Typical building tol
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Design Data 33 Concrete and steel G
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Design Data 35 Cork Granulated 1 Do
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Design Data 37 Stainless steel Long
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Design Data 39 C Areas where people
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Design Data 41 Typical unit floor a
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Design Data 43 Wind loading BS 6399
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Design Data 45 Minimum barrier heig
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Selection of floor construction 800
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Design Data 49 Width of load Total
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2 axle tipper 16 260 6.4 2.5 2.6 15
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Design Data 53 Soldiers Slim soldie
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4 Basic and Shortcut Tools for Stru
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d bd 2 d 3 b 2 bd 3 36 db 3 48 b 3
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d c x bt 1 d bt 1 ‡…d t 1†t
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Basic and Shortcut Tools for Struct
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Beam bending and deflection formula
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a b W c R A R B R A ˆ Wr M x ˆ Wr
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R A ˆ Pb2 …L ‡ 2a† P a b C R
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P R A ˆ 3Pb 2a a b R A D R B c R
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Multi storey frame ± continued FUL
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Geotechnics 93 Selection of foundat
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Geotechnics 95 Soil classification
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Geotechnics 97 Approximate correlat
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Geotechnics 99 Typical angle of rep
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Geotechnics 101 Quick estimate desi
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Geotechnics 103 Working pile loads
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Geotechnics 105 Piles in granular s
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Geotechnics 107 Retaining walls Ran
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Geotechnics 109 Trees and shallow f
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Geotechnics 111 Suggested depths fo
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Geotechnics 113 Contaminated land C
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Geotechnics 115 Site investigation
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6 Timber and Plywood Commercial tim
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Timber and Plywood 119 Timber secti
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Timber and Plywood 121 Laminated ve
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Timber and Plywood 123 Insect attac
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Timber and Plywood 125 Preliminary
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Timber and Plywood 127 Timber desig
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Timber and Plywood 129 Horizontally
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Timber and Plywood 131 Slenderness
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Timber and Plywood 133 Effective le
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Timber and Plywood 135 Timber joint
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Timber and Plywood 137 Screwed join
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Timber and Plywood 139 Bolted joint
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7 Masonry Masonry, brought to the U
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Masonry 143 Geometry and arrangemen
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Masonry 145 Selected bond patterns
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Masonry 147 Durability and fire res
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Masonry 149 Vertical load capacity
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Masonry 151 Internal non-loadbearin
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Masonry 153 Vertical load Selected
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Masonry 155 Effective height or len
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Masonry 157 Shear strength A A f v
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Masonry 159 Maximum permitted panel
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Masonry 161 Ultimate moments applie
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Masonry 163 E E 1.00 0.008 0.018 0.
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Masonry 165 Concentrated loads Incr
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Masonry 167 Capacity reduction fact
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Masonry 169 Where there are no open
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Masonry 171 Proprietary pre-stresse
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Masonry 173 L5/100 2 h 95 88 100 L6
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8 Reinforced Concrete The Romans ar
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Reinforced Concrete 177 Concrete mi
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Reinforced Concrete 179 Durability
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Reinforced Concrete 181 Preliminary
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Reinforced Concrete 183 Reinforceme
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Reinforced Concrete 185 Concrete de
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Reinforced Concrete 187 Shear stres
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Reinforced Concrete 189 Design of f
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Reinforced Concrete 191 Stiffness a
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Modification factor for compression
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Framing moments transferred to colu
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Reinforced concrete column design c
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1.8 1.6 1.4 e = h 20 hd b A sc 2 d
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Reinforced Concrete 201 1.4 1.2 e h
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Reinforced Concrete 203 Selected de
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Structural Steel 209 Summary of hot
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Structural Steel 211 Examples of mi
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Structural Steel 213 b h d s r t Ra
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Structural Steel 219 b r 1 98° h d
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Structural Steel 221 b r 1 s d h t
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þ 70 70 10 10.3 11 4.8 2.08 57.1
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Structural Steel 225 r 2 v x U t u
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76.250.8 3 5.62 7.16 13.9 22.4 56.7
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200 100 5 22.6 28.7 17 37 1495 505
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Structural Steel 231 D Y D X t X Y
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Structural Steel 233 D Y X X Y t Ho
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Structural Steel 235 D Y X X Y t DH
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Structural Steel 237 Mild steel fla
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Structural Steel 239 Slenderness Sl
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Structural Steel 241 Effective leng
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Structural Steel 243 Methods of cor
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Structural Steel 245 Summary of met
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Structural Steel 247 Portal frames
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Structural Steel 249 Steel design t
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Structural Steel 251 Section classi
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Structural Steel 253 Moment capacit
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Structural Steel 255 Compression me
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Structural Steel 257 Connections We
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Structural Steel 259 Selected ultim
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Structural Steel 261 Steel design t
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Structural Steel 263 Allowable comp
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Structural Steel 265 Allowable aver
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Structural Steel 267 Allowable stre
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Structural Steel 269 Stainless stee
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Structural Steel 271 Elastic proper
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Structural Steel 273 Preliminary si
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10 Composite Steel and Concrete Com
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Composite Steel and Concrete 277 Pr
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Preliminary composite beam sizing t
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Composite Steel and Concrete 281 Co
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Composite Steel and Concrete 283 Sh
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Structural Glass 285 Types of glass
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Structural Glass 287 Typical glass
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Structural Glass 289 Typical glass
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Structural Glass 291 Structural gla
Page 336 and 337: Structural Glass 293 Connections Co
Page 338 and 339: 12 Building Elements, Materials, Fi
Page 340: Basement waterproofing to BS 8102 G
Page 343 and 344: Building Elements, Materials, Fixin
Page 355: Summary of main structural aluminiu
Page 358 and 359: Type of construction g m Members Jo
Page 360 and 361: Useful Mathematics 315 Relationship
Page 362 and 363: Useful Mathematics 317 Algebraic re
Page 364 and 365: Useful Mathematics 319 Rules for di
Page 366 and 367: Useful Addresses 321 British Adhesi
Page 368 and 369: Useful Addresses 323 Construction F
Page 370 and 371: Useful Addresses 325 Institution of
Page 372 and 373: Useful Addresses 327 Stone Federati
Page 374 and 375: Useful Addresses 329 European Glass
Page 376 and 377: Further Reading Suggested further r
Page 378 and 379: Further Reading 333 Environment Age
Page 380 and 381: Further Reading 335 11 Glass Glass
Page 382 and 383: Sources 337 BS 8118: Part 1:1991. S
Page 384 and 385: Index Acceleration due to gravity,
Page 388 and 389: Index 343 Dry unit weight, 96 Ducti
Page 390 and 391: Index 345 steel connections, 258, 2
Page 392 and 393: Index 347 Mitigation, 19, 20 Modula
Page 394 and 395: Index 349 foundations, 23 junctions
Page 396 and 397: Index 351 corrosion resistance, 244
Page 398 and 399: Index 353 mild steel sections, 212
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