PS390 Statistical Reasoning in Psychology Exam 3 Answers (Ashworth College)

PS390 Statistical Reasoning in
Psychology Exam 3 Answers
(Ashworth College)
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PS390 Statistical Reasoning in Psychology Exam 3 Answers (Ashworth College)
Question 1 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
A psychologist conducts a study and finds that d = –.63. This effect size would MOST likely be described as
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A. small.
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B. medium.
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C. large.
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D.
an error because d cannot be negative.
Question 2 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
The mean and variance of a comparison distribution that would be used to test the hypothesis that the mean
obtained in a study involving 10 participants is different from a known population having a mean of μ = 100 and
σ2 = 25 would be:
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A. mean = 10 and variance = 2.5.
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B. mean = 10 and variance = 5.
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C. mean = 100 and variance = 2.5.
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D. mean = 100 and variance = 5.
Question 3 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
The mean of a distribution of means is:
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A. the square-root of the original population mean.
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B. the original population mean divided by the sample size.

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C. the same as the original population mean.
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D. the sample mean multiplied by the variance.
Question 4 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
An experimental psychologist is interested in whether the color of an animal's surroundings affects learning
rate. He tests 16 rats in a box with colorful wallpaper. The average rat (of this strain) can learn to run this type
of maze in a box without any special coloring in an average of 25 trials, with a variance of 64, and a normal
distribution. The mean number of trials to learn the maze, for the rats tested with the colorful wallpaper, is 11.
What is the μ M ?
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A. 8
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B. 11
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C. 25
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D. 64
Question 5 of 20
0.0/ 5.0 Points
Which of the following statements regarding confidence intervals is FALSE?
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A. Confidence intervals are misused more often than significance tests.
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B. Confidence intervals can be used in hypothesis testing.
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C. Confidence intervals emphasize numerical estimates.
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D. Confidence intervals are sometimes reported in research articles.
Question 6 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
A 95% confidence interval is figured by finding:
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A. the Z score for the bottom 5% of the distribution.
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B. the Z score for the upper 95% of the distribution.
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C. the cutoff points for the lower 2.5% and the upper 2.5% of the distribution.
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D. the cutoff points for the lower 5% and the upper 5% of the distribution.
Question 7 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
Some psychologists have argued that simple significance tests are misleading, and that a better statistic to
evaluate the outcome of an experiment would be the:
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A. effect size.
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B. level of power.
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C. probability of a Type II error.
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D. number of participants divided by the standard deviation.
Question 8 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
The standard deviation of a distribution of means is:

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A. figured by subtracting the variance from the sample mean and taking the
square root.
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B. the square root of the variance of the distribution of means.
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C.
the population variance divided by the N in each sample.
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D. the same as the square root of the sample variance.
Question 9 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
When conducting an experiment with 95% power, failing to reject the null hypothesis means that:
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A. there is no difference between the experimental and control populations.
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B. the experiment was poorly conducted.
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C. the null hypothesis is true.
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D. the chance that the data came from populations with a difference larger than that predicted when calculating
power is less than 5%.
Question 10 of 20
0.0/ 5.0 Points
An experimental psychologist is interested in whether the color of an animal's surroundings affects learning
rate. He tests 16 rats in a box with colorful wallpaper. The average rat (of this strain) can learn to run this type
of maze in a box without any special coloring in an average of 25 trials, with a variance of 64, and a normal
distribution. The mean number of trials to learn the maze, for the rats tested with the colorful wallpaper, is 11.
What is σ M ?
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A. 64/16 = 4.00
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B. √(64/16) = 2.00
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C. 64/11 = 5.82
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D. √(64/11) = 2.41
Question 11 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
Power is the probability that:
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A. if the research hypothesis is false, the experiment will support the null hypothesis.
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B. if the research hypothesis is true, the experiment will support it.
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C. a Type I error will not be made.
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D. the research hypothesis will not be accepted incorrectly.
Question 12 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
An experimental psychologist is interested in whether the color of an animal's surroundings affects learning
rate. He tests 16 rats in a box with colorful wallpaper. The average rat (of this strain) can learn to run this type
of maze in a box without any special coloring in an average of 25 trials, with a variance of 64, and a normal
distribution. The mean number of trials to learn the maze, for the rats tested with the colorful wallpaper, is 11.
What is the null hypothesis?
•

A. The rate of learning for the sample of rats tested with colorful
wallpaper will be no different than the population of rats tested under
ordinary circumstances.
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B. The rate of learning for the sample of rats tested with colorful
wallpaper will be faster than the population of rats tested under
ordinary circumstances.
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C. The rate of learning for the population of rats tested with colorful
wallpaper will be no different than the population of rats tested under
ordinary circumstances.
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D. The rate of learning for the population of rats tested with colorful
wallpaper will be faster than the population of rats tested under
ordinary circumstances.
Question 13 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
Anxiously-attached individuals in the general population tend to have low levels of satisfaction in their romantic
relationships (μ = 10, σ = 5, positively skewed distribution). A therapist interested in increasing relationship
satisfaction provides a week-long relaxation seminar to 11 anxious individuals. After completing the seminar,
relationship satisfaction in the sample averages 12.
What is the corresponding Z score for the sample's mean score on the comparison distribution?
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A. 0.66
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B. 1.32
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C. 0.44
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D. 1.74
Question 14 of 20
0.0/ 5.0 Points
Anxiously-attached individuals in the general population tend to have low levels of satisfaction in their romantic
relationships (μ = 10, σ = 5, positively skewed distribution). A therapist interested in increasing relationship
satisfaction provides a week-long relaxation seminar to 11 anxious individuals. After completing the seminar,
relationship satisfaction in the sample averages 12.
What is the shape of the comparison distribution?
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A. Positively skewed
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B. Negatively skewed
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C. Approximately normal
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D. Cannot be determined from the information provided
Question 15 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
If a population is not normally distributed, the shape of a distribution of means:
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A. will always be normal.
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B. will never be normal.
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C. will be normal when the sample size is more than 30.
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D. will not be normal when the sample size is more than 30.
Question 16 of 20
0.0/ 5.0 Points
An experimental psychologist is interested in whether the color of an animal's surroundings affects learning

ate. He tests 16 rats in a box with colorful wallpaper. The average rat (of this strain) can learn to run this type
of maze in a box without any special coloring in an average of 25 trials, with a variance of 64, and a normal
distribution. The mean number of trials to learn the maze, for the rats tested with the colorful wallpaper, is 11.
If the mean score of the sample is more extreme than the cutoff score on the comparison distribution, the
psychologist will conclude that:
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A. the null hypothesis that the rats in the sample will learn more is supported.
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B. the wallpaper did not have a significant effect on the rate of learning.
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C. the color of the chamber had a significant effect on the rate of learning.
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D. the results are inconclusive since the null hypothesis cannot be rejected.
Question 17 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
When the standard deviation of the original population is small, the experiment tends to:
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A. have a higher level of power.
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B. have a lower level of power.
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C. show a less significant difference between the two populations.
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D. have a high level of Type II error.
Question 18 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
Effect size is:
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A. the amount of statistical importance a particular finding has in psychological practice.
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B. the power of a study divided by the sample size.
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C. the sample size multiplied by 1 – beta.
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D. the degree to which an experimental manipulation separates two populations.
Question 19 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
The comparison distribution for the mean of a sample is the distribution of means because:
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A. comparing the mean of a sample to a distribution of a population of scores of individuals is a mismatch.
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B. the available population parameters are inaccurate and reflect too little variance within the population.
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C. the distribution of means is likely to have more varied scores than would be represented in the population.
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D. the proper comparison distribution is stated in the research hypothesis.
Question 20 of 20
5.0/ 5.0 Points
The standard deviation of a distribution of means is sometimes called "the standard error of the mean," or the
"standard error," because:
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A. it is an inaccurate estimate of a sample standard deviation and cannot be used to determine the variance.
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B. it is calculated by summing the errors figured by subtracting sample means from the population variance.
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C. it is frequently used as an "error term" when calculating the estimated sample variance.

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D. it represents the degree to which particular sample means are "in error" as estimates of the mean of the
population of individual scores.