6023 Spring Doins ANZA EXPEDITIONS History

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aiding the settlement at Taos. Accompanied by Ute and Apache allies and about 800 soldiers, he caught up with the Comanches at Colorado <strong>Spring</strong>s, and near today’s Pueblo, Colorado he fought them and won a decisive victory. In 1781, however, the Yumas, with whom he developed a strong personal alliance, rebelled and killed four priests and about 40 or 50 soldiers and settlers, causing Anza to fall out of favor with the government. He remained Governor of Nuevo Mexico until 1787, when he returned to Sonora and was appointed commander of the Presidio of Tucson in 1778, but died in Arizpe, Mexico before he could take office. He is buried there in the Church of Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion de Arizpe. The Hamilton Museum and Ranch Foundation The Hamilton Museum is the site of the Billy Holcomb Chapter historical plaque erected during this event. The name Hamilton derives from the Hamilton family, several generations of which were heavily involved in the early settlement of Anza Valley. Their patriarch was James “Uncle Jim” Hamilton, who was the first non-Indian settler in the region. He was born in Ohio in 1822, came west with a Mormon wagon train in 1847, and finally wound up in San Bernardino in the early 1850s, around the time of the founding the Mormon colony there. He built a hotel in San Diego County, and when his claim on the land was found invalid he filed a new claim near Vail Lake. This homestead was also found invalid, being within the borders of Rancho Pauba. The third time was a charm, and by the mid- 1870s Hamilton, then a widower with four children, successfully settled on 160 acres east of present-day Anza. The family filed on additional land near Kenworthy, and by the mid-1870s had put together a large and successful cattle ranch. Their cattle ranged from the Cahuilla Valley to Thomas Valley and around Thomas Mountain. “Uncle Jim” was highly respected, and his descendants live in the area to this day. The Hamilton Museum and Ranch Foundation was founded in 2002. Its website lists five significant aspects of the Museum: 1. Juan Bautista de Anza crossed the property in the 1770s, at the same time that the American Revolution was raging on the other side of the continent. 2. It was the first property to be homesteaded when land became available in 1909. 3. The Contreras House, which is on the property, was the first house in Anza to have indoor plumbing. 4. Lincoln Hamilton, grandson of James, bought the property in 1945. 5. The first irrigation well in the valley was dug here by Lincoln Hamilton in 1949, marking the change from dry farming to irrigated agriculture. The manager of the Museum is Margaret Wellman Jaenke, whose help and interest have made our event possible. 20
Appendix Beginning in 1759, the Jesuit Order fell out of favor in Portugal, France, Spain, and other parts of Europe. In 1767 the Spanish Empire joined this movement, part of a general trend called the Bourbon Reforms, which in part aimed to tighten the Crown’s control over American-born Spaniards. To that end, in 1767 King Carlos III named Gaspar de Portola as governor of California, and gave him authority to oust the Jesuits and confiscate their property. They were to be replaced by the Franciscan Order, which would take over existing missions in Mexico and found new ones in Alta California. Eventually they would establish a chain of 21 such missions along El Camino Real. By the time of the Anza expeditions, five missions had been established, and their presence was an important factor in Anza’s success. In chronological order, they were: Name Location Date San Diego Alcala San Diego 1769 San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Carmel 1770 San Antonio de Padua Near King City 1771 San Gabriel San Gabriel 1771 San Luis Obispo de Tolosa San Luis Obispo 1772 BIBLIOGRAPHY Guerrero, Vladimir, The Anza Trail and the Settling of California. Heyday Books, Berkeley, 2006. Pourade, Richard F., Anza Conquers the Desert. Copley Press, San Diego, 1971. Robinson, John W. and Bruce D. Risher, The San Jacintos. Big Santa Anita Historical Society, Arcadia, CA, 1993. Various Wikipedia sources. Maps are from The Anza Trail. 21
Page 1 and 2: 1
Page 3 and 4: In 1767 King Carlos III expelled th
Page 5 and 6: 35 mule loads of supplies and 65 he
Page 7 and 8: Colorado River to San Gabriel Tubac
Page 9 and 10: Bautista Canyons, both oriented in
Page 11 and 12: San Gabriel to Monterey and return
Page 13 and 14: The next day’s start went more sm
Page 15 and 16: their own was located. The operatio
Page 17 and 18: eached San Luis Obispo without inci
Page 19: San Gabriel to Monterey and beyond
Page 23: 23

6023 Spring Doins ANZA EXPEDITIONS History

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