Ontario traffic manual

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evisions). (In Canada, CGSB (Canadian General Standards Board) Specification 62-GP-11 (or its subsequent revisions) also specifies reflective sheeting. However, Book 6 uses the ASTM terminology, where Type I refers to engineering grade sheeting and Type III and Type IV to high intensity sheeting.) The minimum level of sheeting required on various warning sign types is included as part of the data accompanying each sign image. Additional information such as effective dates for new requirements is provided under the “Special Considerations” heading for each sign, if applicable. See Book 1b (Sign Design Principles) for further background on retroreflective sheeting and illumination. High intensity materials may be used to advantage in other signing applications. Due to the improved nighttime legibility and conspicuity of signs made with high intensity sheeting, the material should be considered to provide emphasis and clarity at complex locations, in the presence of high ambient Book 6 Warning Signs light levels, in the presence of roadside distractions or wherever a need for increased levels of nighttime conspicuity or legibility can be demonstrated. Examples of complex visual environments include those where there is an abundance of commercial and/or traffic control devices; where there is a traffic mix with many road user types such as pedestrians, bicyclists, trucks and cars; or where the distances between intersections are short. High reflectivity micro-prismatic sheeting is even brighter than high intensity sheeting, and may be used where nighttime emphasis even greater than that provided by high intensity sheeting is appropriate. Fluorescent sheeting is now available. The presence of fluorescent colouring in the sheeting improves the daytime conspicuity and legibility of signs made with the material, and is also effective under overcast and twilight conditions. Therefore, fluorescent sheeting may be considered for applications where there is a problem with daytime conspicuity, for example at high conflict or high collision locations. At least one SignNumberSignName Prescribed Implementation Date Wa-8CHECKERBOARDSign Wa-8LC HECKERBOARD Sign ( One Direction) ( Left Version) Wa-8RC HECKERBOARD Sign ( One Direction) ( Right Version) Wa-8LRC HECKERBOARD Sign ( Both Directions) Wa-9CHEVRONALIGNMENTSign Wa-17DOUBLEARROWSign Wa-32RAMPSPEEDKM/ H Sign Wa-32ARAMPSPEEDSign Wa-32tKM/ H Tab Sign Table 1 – Warning Signs Requiring High Intensity Sheeting Wa-33LO BJECT MARKER Sign ( One Direction) ( Left Version) Wa-33RO BJECT MARKER Sign ( One Direction) ( Right Version) W a-33LR OBJECT MARKER Sign ( Both Directions) January 1, 2002 Ontario Traffic Manual July 2001 15
16 manufacturer supplies high reflectivity micro-prismatic sheeting which is also fluorescent and has a practicable life cycle. Other manufacturers supply fluorescent sheeting, but without the high reflectivity micro-prismatic characteristics. 1.5 Location Warning signs must normally be located in accordance with Section 12 (Sign Position) of Book 1b. However, specific or additional requirements for certain warning signs may pre-empt or revise directions or specifications prescribed under the general standards in Book 1b. Such deviations or exceptions from the Book 1b location principles are noted in this Book under the heading “Location Criteria” for the respective signs to which they apply. If for a given sign, exceptions are not noted under this heading, the Book 1b location principles apply. Warning signs generally refer to downstream conditions, so it is important that the distance between the sign and the actual hazard is sufficient to give drivers the chance to complete any manoeuvres, such as speed reduction or lane changes, prior to encountering the hazard. In addition, consistent placement of signs relative to hazards is an important factor in the safe reaction of drivers unfamiliar with a road. As a first step in determining the distance between the sign and the hazard, Table 2 allocates warning signs into three groups as follows: Condition A: Driver Judgement Required Driver responses to the Condition A warning signs include complex driving tasks and situations where extra time is needed to make and act on a decision, e.g., approaching a major freeway-to-freeway interchange or negotiating an intersection with an unusual layout. Book 6 Warning Signs Ontario Traffic Manual July 2001 Condition B: Potential or Actual Stop Required Condition C signs cover the full range of speed reductions. Condition B signs are a subset of Condition C signs, in that driver response to a Condition B sign requires, or may require, speed reduction to a full stop, e.g., stopping for traffic signals ahead, for pedestrians at a pedestrian crossover, or at uncontrolled intersections. Condition C: Speed Reduction Required In the case of the Condition C warning signs, driver reaction in the form of a speed reduction is required, e.g., slowing down for curves in road alignment, or negotiating bridges with restricted lateral clearances. Minimum placement distance of warning signs upstream of hazards is shown for Condition A signs in Table 3, and for Condition B and C signs in Table 4. Table 3 and 4 distances have been calculated using driver manoeuvre times based on human factors research. More information on manoeuvre times is provided in Section 7.3 (Manoeuvre Time) of Book 1b. Sign placement distances obtained from the tables should be adjusted for field conditions by ensuring that the sign has been placed appropriately with respect to other sign locations, visibility, lighting conditions, angle and other site-specific factors. Where site conditions preclude the placement of a sign at the minimum distance upstream of a hazard, the sign should be placed further upstream, allowing the driver more time to react. Since all of the minimum placement distances are dependent on posted speed, a change in posted speed may require that some warning signs be relocated. In addition, if any other deciding factor in sign placement is known to have changed, the warning signs impacted should be relocated accordingly.
Page 1 and 2: Book Warning Signs 6 Ontario Traffi
Page 3 and 4: ISBN 0-7794-1745-3 Copyright © 200
Page 5 and 6: 2 Custodial Office Inquiries about
Page 7 and 8: 4 Book 6 Warning Signs Section Numb
Page 13 and 14: 10 List of Figures Book 6 Warning S
Page 15 and 16: 12 Additional or alternative method
Page 17: 14 Legends on some warning signs ca
Page 21 and 22: Book 6 Warning Signs Ontario Traffi
Page 23 and 24: 20 ( km/ h) Posted ( Initial) Speed
Page 25 and 26: 22 CURVE Sign Wa-3L 60 cm x 60 cm W
Page 27 and 28: 24 20 20 Figure 2 - Ball-bank Indic
Page 29 and 30: 26 Posted Speed (Initial Speed) (km
Page 31 and 32: 28 Post-mounted delineators are sma
Page 33 and 34: 30 Sign Types The standard size WIN
Page 35 and 36: 32 Because the CHECKERBOARD sign is
Page 37 and 38: 34 Location Criteria It is importan
Page 39 and 40: 36 Low-beam headlights do not provi
Page 41 and 42: 38 3. Intersection Warning Signs In
Page 43 and 44: 40 The standard size Y-INTERSECTION
Page 45 and 46: 42 HIDDEN INTERSECTION Tab Sign 10
Page 47 and 48: 44 Where an intersection occurs alo
Page 49 and 50: 46 Sign Types The standard size MER
Page 51 and 52: 48 Location Criteria The location c
Page 53 and 54: 50 Install a NEW sign (Wb-3) above,
Page 55 and 56: 52 4. Specific Roadway Features Sig
Page 57 and 58: 54 BUMP Sign Wa-22 60 cm x 60 cm Fo
Page 59 and 60: 56 Purpose and Background The purpo
Page 61 and 62: 58 Drivers need to be warned of nar
Page 63 and 64: 60 RIGHT LANE ENDS Tab Sign 12.5 Wa
Page 65 and 66: 62 being terminated. More informati
Page 67 and 68: 64 Sign Types The OPENING BRIDGE si
Page 69 and 70:
66 LOW CLEARANCE XX M Sign Wa-27 60
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68 PAVEMENT SURFACE Book 6 Warning
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70 The following location criteria
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72 Sign Types There is one type of
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74 TRUCK OVERTURNING Sign Wa-75 75
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76 Location Criteria Where used at
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78 Book 6 Warning Signs Figure 5 -
Page 83 and 84:
80 overall vehicle weight that impa
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82 Location Criteria The sign must
Page 87 and 88:
84 Purpose and Background The purpo
Page 89 and 90:
86 TWO RIGHT LANES EXIT Sign (Freew
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88 The THREE LEFT LANES EXIT sign (
Page 93 and 94:
90 Lane Exits signing with text may
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92 STOP AHEAD Sign Wb-1 75 cm x 75
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94 Special Considerations N/A TRAFF
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96 Purpose and Background If driver
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98 The beacons and sign should be a
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100 required for amending intersect
Page 105 and 106:
102 KEEP RIGHT Sign 12.5 Wb-6 60 cm
Page 107 and 108:
104 7. Pedestrian Warning Signs Som
Page 109 and 110:
106 SCHOOL CROSSING Tab Sign 10 Wc-
Page 111 and 112:
108 In addition to the school cross
Page 113 and 114:
110 Sign Types The PEDESTRIANS AHEA
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112 The pedestrian standing area ne
Page 117 and 118:
114 Guidelines for Use The WAIT FOR
Page 119 and 120:
116 8. Intermittent Hazards Signs I
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118 CROSSING AHEAD sign (with amber
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120 ADVISORY SPEED Tab Sign 20 8 Wa
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122 Sign Types The FALLEN ROCK sign
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124 To an assumed vehicle height of
Page 129 and 130:
126 Sign Types The SCHOOL BUS ENTRA
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128 Sign Types The standard size DE
Page 133 and 134:
130 Purpose and Background Conflict
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132 significant volume of snowmobil
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134 Purpose and Background The purp
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136 SCHOOL BUS STOP AHEAD Tab Sign
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138 Relocation of the bus stop to a
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140 Some sign designs were also mod
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142 Book 6 Warning Signs Ontario Tr
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144 N Narrow structures, Signing fo
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146 INTERSECTION Sign (Uncontrolled
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148 U USE LOWER GEAR Tab Sign (Wa-2
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150 Wa-74 (SPEED HUMP), 4, 9, Table
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152 At-grade Intersection An inters
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154 Cycle (1) When referring to a t
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156 I Ingress A way of entering or
Page 161 and 162:
158 Oversize Sign A Traffic Sign wi
Page 163 and 164:
160 Rural Area An area outside of t
Page 165 and 166:
162 Timing When referring to traffi
Page 167 and 168:
164 Appendix B References Reference
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