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Clinical Studies and Trials The Obesity Study Group is focussed on investigating whether lifestyle factors can reduce the risks associated with obesity in pregnancy. 1: Assessment of the maternal fatty acid profile during pregnancy and relationship to depression, anxiety and quality of life during pregnancy and post-partum. PROJECT: (Clinical) The relationship of depression and anxiety with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during pregnancy and post-partum. R. O&G. Supervisors Dr Lisa Moran Professor Jodie Dodd Professor Maria Makrides Professor Robert Gibson Contact Person Lisa Moran Phone: 8313 1352 lisa.moran@adelaide.edu.au http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/lisa.moran Project Background/Aims Overweight and obesity are recognised risk factors for depression, anxiety and other psychological conditions. Although pregnancy is often thought of as a time of emotional well-being, longitudinal studies have demonstrated that for many women, pregnancy is associated with increased levels of depression and anxiety, including the onset or relapse of major depressive illness. Depression is estimated to affect approximately 9% of women in the antenatal period, increasing to 16% in the postpartum period, although a far greater proportion of women commonly report negative mood during over the course of their pregnancy. Both obstetric and neonatal complications associated with maternal depression are well described, with more extreme adverse events including suicide and infanticide. The relative contribution of factors including diet and physical activity to psychological function during pregnancy and the post-partum period is unclear. Psychological wellbeing may be associated with the long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC PUFA), specifically the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicoapentaenoic acid (EPA) with some research indicating DHA deficiency may be related to depressive symptoms. Furthermore, a depletion of maternal plasma DHA also occurs during pregnancy and persists following birth and higher intake of n-3 LCPUFA from fish and seafood during pregnancy are associated with a reduced risk of postnatal depressive symptoms. However, the effect of maternal overweight and obesity on risk of psychological function including depression, anxiety and quality of life and the relative contribution of dietary factors including n-3 LCPUFA has been poorly documented to date. Projects available 1: Assessment of association between n-3 LC PUFA from maternal blood, cord blood and dietary questionnaires with psychological function (depression, anxiety and quality of life) in overweight and obese women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. References Jans LA, Giltay EJ, Van der Does AJ. The efficacy of n- 3 fatty acids DHA and EPA (fish oil) for perinatal depression. Br J Nutr 2010; 104:1577–1585. Bennett HA, Einarson A, Taddio A, Koren G, Einarson TR. Prevalence of depression during pregnancy: systematic review. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103(4):698- 709. 2: Assessment of an antenatal lifestyle intervention aimed at preventing excessive gestational weight gain in overweight and obese women. PROJECT (Clinical): The effect of optimising excessive gestational weight gain on risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, placental function and body composition in mothers and infants. R. O&G. Supervisors Dr Lisa Moran Professor Jodie Dodd Lisa Moran Phone: 8313 1352 lisa.moran@adelaide.edu.au http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/lisa.moran Project Background/Aims Overweight and obesity are present in over 50% of Australian women and are associated with an increased risk of obesity-associated metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Furthermore, maternal obesity and excess weight gain during pregnancy are associated with worsened maternal health outcomes including gestational diabetes, hypertensive conditions and pre-eclampsia, infection, thromboembolic events, need for induction of labour, caesarean section, perinatal death, preterm birth and high birth weight and an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease after pregnancy. Infants of mothers who are overweight or obese are more likely to be macrosomic, require admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, be born preterm, have a congenital anomaly, and to require treatment for jaundice or hypoglycaemia. The effects of maternal obesity may also extend to deleterious effects on 13 |
offspring with regards to adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors. In humans, there is an association between infant birth weight and being large for gestational age and risk for higher BMI and adverse cardiovascular risk profile in childhood. Additionally, maternal factors including maternal obesity, obesity in pregnancy or high gestational weight gain are associated with risk for childhood or adult obesity and a worsened cardiovascular risk profile in infancy. Optimising weight management during pregnancy is therefore crucial for both improving maternal and infant pregnancy outcomes and for reducing the risk of obesity and obesityassociated diseases such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease in mothers and children during pregnancy and following childbirth. These projects relate to a randomised controlled trial comparing standard antenatal care with an antenatal lifestyle intervention aimed at preventing excessive gestational weight gain in overweight and obese women (the LIMIT trial). Projects available 1: Assessment of the effect of the LIMIT trial on risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease in cord blood from infants at birth and maternal risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease across pregnancy. 2: Assessment of dietary intake, eating behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children and parents at long-term follow-up (3 years) in LIMIT and the relationship with parental and childhood obesity. 3: Evaluate the occurrence of structural inflammatory changes within the placenta among women who were overweight or obese, and to evaluate the effect of increasing body mass index on these changes. 4: Increasing exercise and diet in overweight pregnant women: Validation of exercise and dietary questionnaire data with markers of cardiometabolic function (taken in early pregnancy, 28 weeks gestation and 36 weeks gestation). 5: Effect of an antenatal dietary and lifestyle intervention to limit weight gain in pregnancy on neonatal growth and development. • Evaluation of neonatal body composition at birth as measured by birth weight, length and head circumference measures, skinfold thickness, and bioimpedance data. • Correlation of body composition findings with neonatal cord blood evaluation (glucose, insulin, adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines). 6: Detailed body composition evaluation at 6, and 18 months of age as measured by weight, length and head circumference measures, skin-fold thickness, and bioimpedance data. 7: Correlation of body composition findings with epigenetic changes detected by buccal swab. References Dodd JM, Crowther CA, Robinson JS. Dietary and lifestyle interventions to limit weight gain during pregnancy for obese or overweight women: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008 May 2:1-5. Koklu E, Kurtoglu S, Akcakus M, et al. Increased aortic intima-media thickness is related to lipid profile in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction. Hormone research 2006;65(6):269-75. Saarelainen H, Valtonen P, Punnonen K, et al. Flow mediated vasodilation and circulating concentrations of high sensitive C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in normal pregnancy--The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2009;29(5):347- 52. Curry AE, Vogel I, Skogstrand K, et al. Maternal plasma cytokines in early- and mid-gestation of normal human pregnancy and their association with maternal factors. J Reprod Immunol 2008;77(2):152- 60. Hill C, Llewellyn CH, Saxton J et al. Adiposity and ‘eating in the absence of hunger’ in children. Int J Obes 2008, 32:1499-1505. PROJECT (CLINICAL): The association between maternal obesity and placental histology. R. O&G. Supervisors Prof Jodie Dodd Dr Yee Khong Contact Person Jodie Dodd Phone: 8161 7619 lisa.moran@adelaide.edu.au Project Background Women who are overweight and obese in pregnancy are at increased risk of adverse outcomes including, hypertensive conditions and preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, infection, thromboembolic events, need for induction of labour, caesarean section and perinatal death. Histological examination of the placenta provides important information that can be used to interpret clinical outcomes of pregnancy and birth. The LIMIT Trial recruited women who were overweight and obese in pregnancy and collected information about their birth outcomes. Expected Outcome Histological examination of the placentas of a subset of women participating in the study may yield important information regarding the effect of overweight and obesity on pregnancy outcome. 14 |
Page 1: SCHOOL OF PAEDIATRICS AND REPRODUCT
Page 4 and 5: Make a difference "The recent Excel
Page 6 and 7: Honours graduate career pathways Ou
Page 8 and 9: Honours Scholarships and Support Sc
Page 10 and 11: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaec
Page 12 and 13: Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaec
Page 16 and 17: Cerebral Palsy Research Group The C
Page 18 and 19: products, but also naturally occurr
Page 20 and 21: disruption of either Clock or Bmal1
Page 22 and 23: PROJECT: (Basic) Stem Cells of Ovar
Page 24 and 25: Early Development Group Contact Per
Page 26 and 27: Early Life Programming of Health an
Page 28 and 29: persist long term. There is new evi
Page 30 and 31: PROJECT: (Basic) Behavioural effect
Page 32 and 33: Gamete and Embryo Biology Laborator
Page 34 and 35: improve developmental potential in
Page 36 and 37: PROJECT: (Basic) Factors that regul
Page 38 and 39: Pregnancy and Development Group Con
Page 40 and 41: Reproductive Biotechnology Group Su
Page 42 and 43: that versican is pivotal in promoti
Page 44 and 45: Reproductive Endocrinology Group Su
Page 46 and 47: Treg fate-determining transcription
Page 48 and 49: PROJECT: (Basic) Viral Recognition
Page 50 and 51: Child Nutrition Research Centre (CN
Page 52 and 53: PROJECT: (Basic) Measurement of vit
Page 54 and 55: Craniofacial Research Group Contact
Page 56 and 57: Lysosomal Biology, Lysosomal Diseas
Page 58 and 59: Matrix Biology Unit Location: Women
Page 60 and 61: Molecular Immunology Cheryl Brown P
Page 62 and 63: Fig 4. Lentiviral delivery of shRNA
Page 64 and 65:
the two most common human polyA exp
Page 66 and 67:
Paediatrics and Child Health, Flind
Page 68 and 69:
Vaccine Safety Research Group Super
Page 70 and 71:
introduction of the rotavirus vacci
Page 72:
Index Breast Biology and Cancer, 16
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